Chapter XXVII: of the Book of the Dead to be inscribed on, or recited (4)

One of the latest fashionable fads, suggested by the great variety of bright-colored costumes worn by the _mondaines_ (and others) at the present day, is the selection and wear of jewelry set with stones of the same color as the striking gown. Thus with a costume of glowing red, the ruddy ruby would be chosen, a sky-blue costume would insure the wearing of the justly popular sapphire, dress of a golden-yellow hue would call for one of the shades of topazes, while the “new brown,” now so much in vogue, finds its complementary stone in topaz of a slightly darker shade. The grass-green costume would suggest one of the many beautiful shades of the tourmaline, and jewelry of the pink tourmaline would be appropriate to garments of this color. With their wonderful play of color, opals would accord with all varieties of hue in costume and might thus be worn with either of the other more especially matched stones.

An old account of the London trades and guilds, in writing of the jewellers’ art, makes the following statement regarding the qualifications of a jeweller, as appropriate to our own times as to any other.[717]

He ought to be an elegant Designer, and have a quick Invention for new
Patterns, not only to range the stones in such manner as to give
Lustre to one another, but to create Trade; for a new Fashion takes as
much with the Ladies in Jewels as in anything else; he that can
furnish them oftenest with the newest Whim has the best Chance for
their Custom.

Index

A

Aazem, great name of God, on rain-stone,5

Abarchiel, angel of March, 248

Abbott, Charles E., vii

Abdos, St., 252

Abenzoar, 136

Abracadabra charm, 326, 327

Abraham, 86

Abrantès, Duchesse d’, 295

Acontus, St., 252

Acosta, José de, 210

Acrostics in jewels, 375

Actinolite, 29

Acts of the Apostles in burning of Ephesian magic books, 325

Adair, 107

_Adlerstein_, 193

Ægospotami, meteor of, 79, 80

Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodor, 54

_Ætites_, 20, 124, 173–178
names of, in various languages, 175

Ætius, 174

Agapitus, St., 252

Agate, 30, 31, 291, 317, 324
amulets of, in Spain, 368
as Anglo-Saxon talisman, 331
banded, stone of Benjamin, symbolical meaning of, 283
curative use of, 129
dog’s head amulet of, from Mexico, 351
“eye-,” 315
idol of red, in Kaabah, 84
pebbles of, with natural markings, 377
“rainbow agate,” 377, 378

Agatha, St., 257, 272

Agincourt, battle of, 259

“Ahnighito,” great Cape York meteorite, 97

Alban, St., stone in Abbey of, 151–153

Al-Beruni’s statement of prices of precious stones in eleventh century,
403

Alcathous, 2

Alchemist’s gold, 14, 16
medallion transmuted into, 15
medal made from, 15, 16

Alchemy, 14–16

_Alectorius_, 20, 119, 160, 179, 180, 181

Alexander the Great, 299, 322, 324, 378
wonderful stones found by, 70

Alexandra, Queen, talisman of, 362

Allen, Edward Heron, 116

Amazon stones, 143, 148, 304, 320
symbol of Suffrage Party, 374

Amber, 60–64, 297, 343, 345, 358
account of, by Tacitus, 60
beads, 61–63
bulls of Romans, 60
crucifix of yellow, 295
curative power of, 62
electrical property of, 63
hair, 61
necklace of, as aid to longevity, 63
oil of, 64

Ambergris, 185, 186

Ambrose, St., 243, 272

American Folk Lore Society’s exhibit in Chicago, 190, 191, 352

American Museum of Natural History, 32, 34, 96, 99

Amethyst, 58, 123, 296, 330, 335
engraved, in Egyptian amulets, 280
necklace of, ancient Egyptian, 317
stone of Dan, symbolical meaning of, 283

Amitabha, emanation of Adi-Buddha, coral statuette of, in Royal Chapel
at Lhasa, Tibet, 303

Amulets and talismans, 313–376
Abracadabra, 326, 327
against Evil Eye, 345–347
Babylonian, 314, 315
Chinese jade wands as, 385
detected by Röntgen rays, 358
Egyptian necklace of, 317
Egyptian, with engraved amethyst, 280
encircled with elephant’s hair, 375
explanations of influence of, 313, 314
for animals, 360
fragments of skull used as, 331–334
from Pueblo Bonito ruins, 352
from Russia, 308
Gnostic, with seven vowels, 328
_hei-tikis_ of New Zealand jade, 361
Hindu, 330, 340
in the Bible, 278, 322, 323, 325, 360
in Ecuador, to arouse love, 350
in Egypt, 317–321
in old Italian MS., 327, 328
in Persian grave, 324
jade, in Panama, 349
life preserving, story of, 366, 367
“mummy eyes,” Peruvian, 350
of agate and coral in Spain, 367, 368
of Catherine de’ Medici, 334
of hematite, 383
of Mexican Indians, 348
of Paris, 329
of the Czar, 309
Pascal’s, 337
pearls as, 392
Queen Elizabeth’s, 337
set in the skin in Burma, 345
“Talisman of Charlemagne,” 329–331
teeth and bone used as, 368, 369
Tibetan, 343–345
used by Eskimos, 358, 359

Anatganor, angel of December, 248

Anaxagoras, predicts fall of meteorite, 80

“Angelical stone,” for visions, 16

Angels, 241–251
figures of, on medieval gems, 245
guardian, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250
in Song of Moses, 250
Luther’s opinion of guardian, 250
Mohammedan, world-bearer, on ruby-rock, 248
not to be worshipped outside the church, 244
of months, in Sepher de-Adam Kadmah, 247, 248
seven good, and seven bad, 246, 247

Anglo-Saxon “Laece Bok,” of Bald, 331

Anna, Santa, President of Mexico, 256

Anne, St., 253, 272
de Beaupré, shrine of, 254–256
jewel dedicated to, 256
relics of, 255, 256

Antar, Persian hero, legend of, 88, 89

Anthony, St., of Padua, 253, 266, 272
medallion given to church of, by Pope Paul V, 254

_Anthrax_, 401

Aphrodite, 81

Apollo, 3

Apollonia, St., of Alexandria, 272
legend of, 257

Apollonius of Tyana, 81

Aquamarine, engraved with head of Julia, 288

“Aqua Tofana,” 266

Ariston, St., 252

Aristophanes, 284

Aristotle, pseudo-, 5, 69, 70, 163, 396

Arnobio, Cleandro, 140, 142

Arnobius, 74

Arphe, Enrique d’, 294

Aschentrekker (ash-attractor), a Dutch designation of tourmaline, 52,
54

Asis Artau, Francisco d’, 295

_Askal_, stone said to break the diamond, 69

Assos, Asia Minor, stone of, 3

Astarte, 81, 83

Asteria, 291

_Astroites_, 199

_Atnongara_-stones of Australian medicine-men, 16

Aubrey, John, 260

Auspicius, St., 255

Autoglyphus, 196

“Aviator-stone,” 116, 117

Avicenna (Ben Sina), 90, 125, 138

Azaêl, angel, 246

B

Baccii, Andrea, 153

_Bætyli_, 76, 82

Bajazet II, Sultan, 291

Balas-ruby, 401, 404

Bannockburn, Battle of, 25

Barbara de Portugal, Queen of Spain, 295

Barbara, St., 273
legend of, 258

Barbosa, Duarte, 401

Barnabas, St., 268, 273

Baroda, Gaikwar of, 380

Bartholomæus Anglicus, 147, 394, 395

Bartholomew, St., 271

Basillæ, St., 252

_Battê ha-nephesh_ of Hebrews, 360

Bauhin, Caspar, 202

Bausch, 175, 176

Belaleazar, Sebastian de, 311

Belemnites, 112, 161, 191

Bellermann, Johann Joachim, 278

Belucci, Prof. Giuseppe, 107, 145, 200

Benzinger, 78

Berghem, Lodowyk van, 295

Berlin Academy of Sciences, 54

Bertholin, Caspar, 139

Beryl, 287, 317
curative use of, 130
stone of Gad, symbolical meaning of, 283

Bezoar, 13, 17, 123, 126, 160, 170, 201–220
American, 218, 219
etymology of name, 203
from monkeys, 203
from skull of rhinoceros, 211
genesis of, according to Peruvians, 210
mineral, 211
Occidental, 212–215
prices of, 204, 208, 214, 216, 218
Queen Elizabeth’s, 215
Rudolph II’s, 215, 216
test of, as poison antidote, by Ambroise Paré, 205–207
by Emperor Rudolph II, 208, 209

“Black magic,” 29

“Black stone” of Kaabah at Mecca, 73, 84–88

Blaise, St., 256, 257, 267, 273

Blake, W. W., vii

Bloodstone, 121, 286

Bomare, Valmont de, 155, 217

“Book of the Dead,” extracts from, 318–320

Boot, Anselmus de, 65, 144, 145, 151, 162, 165, 192, 199, 204, 223, 226

Borodino, battle of, 96

Borrichius, Plaus, 154

Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 317

Boulder’s, legends of, 38 _sqq._, 263

Boyle, Robert, 105, 125

Braddock, Charles, vii

Brantôme, Seigneur de, 305, 306

Brereton, Sir William, 111

Brezina, Aristides, 90

British Museum, 32, 307

Broca, Paul, 332

Broichan the Druid and St. Columba, 24, 156

_Brontia_, 162, 197, 198

Browne, Sir Thomas, on amulets, 314

Bruce, Robert, 25

Brückmann, U. F. B., 127

_Bucardites_, 196

Buddha, gem on images of, 297
jewelled pagoda over sacred footprint of, 299
solid gold image of, 303, 304
vases offered to, 297

_Bufonitis_, or “toad-stone,” 163

Burckhardt, 85

Burgarde, St., 267

Burton’s “Anatomy of Melancholy,” on stone charms, 336

C

Caftanzoglu, 373

_Callimus_, inclusion in _ætites_, 174, 175

Callistratus, 62

Callistus, St., 252

Caloceri, St., 251

Candlemas Day, 269, 272

Cañon Diablo meteorite, 99–101
diamonds in, 100, 101

Canticles, 284, 322

Cantimpré, Thomas de, 12, 130, 164, 172, 180, 285, 336

Cape York meteorites, 96–98
chemical composition of, 98

Carbuncle, 279, 387
curative use of, 130
luminous, story of, told by Cellini, 378

Cardano, Girolamo, 144, 167, 336

Carew, Sir George, 214

Carnelian, 291, 297, 300, 317, 324, 361, 368, 378
rings, Mohammed’s good augury of, 379
stone of Reuben, symbolical meaning of, 281
used for amulets in ancient Egypt, 320

Carpoforus, St., 252

Carrington, Hereward, vii

Catherine II, Empress, 387

Catherine, St., of Alexandria, 259, 295

Catlin, George, 35, 36

Catlinite, 35, 37

Cat’s-eye, 11, 29

Cecil, Henry, 235

Cecil, Sir Robert, 214

Cellini, Benvenuto, 20, 378

_Ceraunia_, 82

Ceylon, temple treasure in, 298, 299

Chalcedony, 30, 31, 123, 131, 287, 291, 296, 301, 303, 361

Chalchihuitl, 304, 305, 307, 348

Charlemagne, Emperor, 189, 255, 288, 290
talisman of, 329–331

Charles V, Emperor, 294, 306

Charles V of France, 177

Charles IX of France, 294

Charles the Bald, 288

Charm in old Italian MS., 327, 328

_Chelidonius_, or “swallow-stone,” 119, 172

_Chelonia_, 170, 171, 198

Cheops, mummy of, decorated with precious stones, 279

_Chesbet_, Egyptian name of lapis lazuli, 149

Chicken Itzá, Sacred Well of, 307, 308

Chinkstone (phonolite), 2

Chladni, 95, 104

Chlorophane, 237

Christ, head of, engraved on emerald, 291, 292

Christian II of Denmark, his magic pebble, 21

Christian IV of Denmark, 140

Christopher, St., 258, 259

Christy collection, 309

Christy, David, 218

_Chrysocolla_, 53

Chrysolite (peridot), 287, 291
a sacred stone, 379
in Shakespeare’s Othello, 379

Chrysoprase, 123, 277, 287

_Cinædias_, 169

Claudian’s epigrams on rock-crystal, 32

Claui, St., 252

Clemens, St., 252

Clement VII, Pope, 387

Clerc, G. O., vii

Clotaire II, 262

Cochrane, Capt. Charles Stuart, 312

Coligny, Gaspard de, 207

Color, harmony of, between gowns and jewels, 407

Columba, St., and white pebbles, legend of, 24, 25, 156

Conrad III, King of the Germans, 290

Constantine the Great, 329

Constantine XII, of Greece, star-sapphire in sword of, 372–373

Coral, 30, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 298, 301, 304, 341, 371
amulets of, in Spain, 368
Crispi’s amulet of, 339
curative use of, 131–133
greatly favored in Tibet, 343
in Benin, Africa, 379
ominous change of hue, 132, 133
selected for Dalai Lama’s incense vessel, 303
“tincture of,” 132
worn by Queen Helena of Italy, 380

_Cornu ammonis_, 197

Cortés, Hernan, 305, 307

Corundum, 133
varieties of, 396

“Crab’s eye,” 167

“Crabstone,” 121, 122

Crantz, David, 359

_Crapaudine_, or “toad-stone,” 164, 165

Crescentius, St., 252

Crispi, Francesco, 339

Crispin and Crispian, SS., 259, 273

Cross, jewelled, of Duke of Brunswick, 289
of Zaccaria, 290, 291

“Crown of the Virgin,” 287

Crystal, magic, of a Fijian, 364–366

Crystal balls as curative amulets, 25

Culin, Stewart, 358

Curative “crystals” of Australian medicine-men, 16
of Kainugá Indians of Paraguay, 18
of New Guinea medicine-men, 19

Curative use of gems, 118–159
for “Black Death” plague, 120
Francesco India’s opinion of, 124, 125
in Bohemia, 121
in Denmark, 126
in Leyden, 126, 127
of particular stones, 129–159
prices of stones, 123
Robert Boyle on, 125, 126

Cushing, Lieut. F. H., 310, 358

_Custodia_, or monstrance, examples of, in Spain, 294, 295

Cuthbert, St., 273
well of, 265

Cybele, image of, a meteorite, 74, 75

Cyprianus, St., 252, 253

Cyriacus, St., 252

D

_Dagoba_, jewelled Buddhist reliquary, 300

Damigeron, 129

Daniel, Book of, 242, 243, 250

David, St., 270, 273

Davison, J. M., 99

“Dawn stones” (eoliths), 109

Declan, St., 273
stone named after him, 43

De Foe, Daniel, 326

Delphi, Omphalus of, probably a meteorite, 76

“Depositio Martirum” of 354 A.D., 251, 252

“Devil’s stone,” boulder in East Prussia, 42

Diamond, 16, 61, 294, 300, 304, 372, 387
curative use of, 135
in Cañon Diablo meteorite, 99–101
said to have been given as poison in Baroda, 380
uncut, in “Sacred Shrine” of Chartres, 291
with cross effect in black and white, 296, 297

Diana, 81

Diaz de Castillo, Bernal, 305

Didanor, Angel of June, 247

Dieris of Central Africa, rain-stones of the, 6

Dietrich of Bern, Saga of, story of “Victory Stone” from, 199, 200

Dioscorides, 150, 173

Dodge, Mrs. William E., 99

Dog-collars set with coral as cure for hydrophobia, 131

Dolmens, curative stones of, 38
whirling stones of, 39

Domingo, Santo, Fiesta de, 309

Donato, St., amulets of, 265

Donne, John, 337

Dragons, gem-bearing, of India, 11

Draper, Mrs. Henry, vii

“Druid’s glass,” 227, 228

E

“Easter stone,” 285

Ebers papyrus, 148, 149

Echinites, 192, 193

Egede, Hans, 359

Elagabalus, Emperor, 83

Eldred, John, 389

Electric gems, 51–64

Elephants, 299, 301

“Elf-stones,” 108, 109, 110, 161

Elizabeth, Queen, 215, 337

Eloy, St., 264, 273

“Emanism,” term used to denote influence of amulets, 313

Emerald, 4, 16, 29, 53, 68, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 131, 136, 277,
278, 287, 291, 294, 298, 304, 310, 317, 324, 330, 343, 371, 395
ancient, from Berenice, Egypt, 382
cast into sacred lake of Guatavita, Colombia, 311
curative use of, 135
dedicated to Venus, 305
engraved with head of Christ, 291, 292
in cathedral of Mainz, 295
of Hernan Cortés, 305
of Temple of Melkarth at Tyre, 81
stone of Levi, symbolical meaning of, 281

_Enastros_, 192, 194

Encelius, 167

Enimie, St., legend of, 262, 264

_Entrochus_, 192, 194

Ephesian writings for amulets, etc., 325

Ephesus, Temple of Diana at, 81

_Épreuve_, or tester, 181

Erasmus, 164

Erasmus, St., 267

Erman, Adolph, 149

Erosion of stones and pebbles, 22

Ethelred II, 152

Eugénie, Empress, 331

Eulalia, St., 269

“Evil eye,” 131, 265, 315, 320, 339, 344, 345–347, 367, 368

“Expanding stone,” 45

F

Fabianus, St., 251, 253

Fairbanks, Arthur, vii

“Fairy stones,” 37

Farrington, O. C., vii

“Fatima’s hand,” 347

Feavearyear, A. W., vii

Feldspar, 30, 77, 324
in “Book of the Dead,” 318, 319

Felicissimus, St., 252

Felicitas, St., 251, 253, 274

Felix, St., 252

Ferdinand III, Emperor, 15

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, vii

Filippus, St., 252

Filocalus, Furius Dionysius, calendar of, 251

Floating-stones, 223

Flower jewels, 342, 343

Foote, A. E., 101

Fossils and concretions, virtues of, 160–190

Fox, John, Jr.’s “Trail of the Lonesome Pine,” 37

Foy, Sainte, statuette of, 261, 262

Francis I of Austria, 89

Franklin, Benjamin, on tourmaline, 57

Frederick III of Denmark, 126

French Academy of Sciences, 54

G

Gabelchover, Wolfgang, 153, 158

Gabriel, archangel, 243, 245, 246, 250 334

Galactite, 3, 4

Galba, Emperor, 83

Galen, 136, 137, 146, 188, 232

Garcias ab Orta, 68, 204

Garcilasso de la Vega, 214

Garnet, 123, 291, 296, 309, 317, 330

“Gascoigne’s powder,” 127, 128

Gaster, 371

“Gem of Sovranty” or “Gem of the King of Kings,” 11

Gem-cutters, American Indian, 381

George V, King, 362

George, St., 261, 274
legend of, 260
thalers, 260

Gesner, Conrad, 4, 54, 73, 144

Gesta Romanorum, snake story from, 238

Giglioli, Enrico H., 364

Girasol, 291

_Glæsum_ (amber), 60

_Glossopetræ_, 161, 180, 188–190

Gnostics, magic jewels of, 328

“Godstones” buried with the dead, 23

“Golden Cacique” (El Dorado) at Lake Guatavita, 311

Gordian the Younger, Emperor, 326

Gorgonus, St., 252

_Grammatias_, variety of jasper, 284

Green, Miss Bella Da Costa, vii

Gregory X, Pope, 119

Gregory XIII, Pope, 212

Gregory of Tours, his account of Paris talismans, 329

Guatavita, Lake of, treasures thrown in, 310–312

_Guligas_ (bezoars) artificially induced by Dayaks of Borneo, 217

H

Haberden, William, his researches on tourmaline, 56, 57

Hadrian, Emperor, 1

Hahedan, angel of October, 248

Hair-balls, 220, 221

_Hajar al-hattaf_, or “hen-stone,” 181

Hajar al-hayyat (“madstone”), 225

_Hajer al-Kelb_, “dog-stone,” 11, 12

_Hajer al-mathar_, Arabic rain-stone, 5

Hammer-Purgstall, 89

Harington, Sir James, 120

Haupt, Paul, 277

Haüy, Abbé, 56

Haye, Olivier de la, his poem on “Black Death,” 120

Hei-tikis, carved jades of New Zealand, 361

Helena, Queen, 380

Helena, St., 329

Heliotrope, 291

Hematite, 124, 125, 320
American Indian artefacts of, 382, 383
black, Abraxas gem of, 287
curative use of, 136–138

He-no, Iroquois god of thunder, 107

Henri II, of France, 334

Herculanus, St., 252

Hermetes, St., 252

Herodian, 74

Hertz, B., 48

Hildburgh, W. L., 367

Hildegard, St., her theory of curative stones, 13

Hill, Sir John, 118

Hippocrates of Cos, 333

Hofmann, Johann Peter, alchemist, 15, 16

Hoffman’s “Fräulein von Scudéry,” 371

Holme, Saxe (pseudonym), 51

Holmes, W. H., vii

Hope, Henry Philip, collection of, 48

Hortense, Queen, 330

Hugo, Victor, 153

Huntington, O. W., 101

Huth, Ernst, 235

Huxley, Thomas, 105

Hyacinth (sapphire?), 282

_Hyænia_, 169

Hydaspes River, stone of, 2

Hyde, Major, 309

Hydrophane, or “magic stone,” 240

_Hysterolithus_, 75, 195, 196

I

Ibn Al-Beithar, 11, 148, 167

Ibn Batoutah, 84

Ibn Kadho Shobah, 4

Ichthys, angel, 246

Iliad, 138

Inclusions in crystals, 31, 34

India, Francesco, 121, 124

“Indian stone,” 163

Innocent VIII, Pope, 291

Isabel of Bavaria, precious-stone remedy of, 177

Ivory, 303

Ixmaracdus, St., 252

J

Jacinth, 123, 124, 125, 127, 184, 291, 296
curative use of, 138

Jacinti, St., 252

Jackson, Helen Hunt, 51

Jacob’s stone at Bethel, 76, 78

Jade, 4, 77, 121, 283, 285, 324, 348, 359, 383, 384, 404
amulets of white, 342
as preservative of dead body, 142
carved amulets of, in Panama, 348, 349
Chinese girdle pendants of, 341
Chinese wands of, 384
curative use of, 139–143
disk of, in Temple of Heaven, Peking, 302
Eskimo talismans of, 358
_hei-tiki_ amulets of, from New Zealand, 361
in Egypt, 319
in New Caledonia, 363, 364
mortuary tablets of, Chinese, 384
of New Zealand, 362
ornaments of, from Syria, 384
Queen Alexandra’s, 362

Jadeite, 77, 304, 305

Jagannath, 339, 340

James I of England, 49, 301

James, St., 271, 274

Jargoon, 120

Jasper, 4, 30, 53, 124, 148, 286, 287, 296, 317, 324, 383
curative use of, 144, 145
Eskimo talisman of, 358
stone of Asher, symbolical meaning of, 283
talismanic virtue of, 284

Jehangir, Mogul Emperor, 92, 208, 301, 383, 405

Jeremiel, angel, 251

Jerome, St., 176, 274
on jasper talismans, 284
on jewels of Prince of Tyre, 280

Jerusalem, Temple of, 9
stones of the New, 70

Jessen, Peter, vii

Jet, 352, 386
curative use of, 146, 147

Jeweller’s dictum in old London, 407

Job, Book of, 250

John XXI, Pope, 119

John, St., 267, 271, 274

John the Baptist, 290, 306

Joseph, St., 266

Josephine, Empress, 330

Judd, Neil M., vii

Julianetes, St., 252

Julius II, Pope, 267

Jupiter the Thunderer, 82

Juvenal, 60

K

Kaabah at Mecca, black stone of, 73, 84–88

Kaempfer, Engelbert, 207, 209

Khusrau Nushirwan, 89

Khusrau II, 69

K’ien-lung, Emperor, 302

King, Rev. C. W., 62, 328

Kircher, Athanasius, his theory of _lusus naturæ_, 50

Koenig, 99, 100

Kohut, 243

_Krallenstein_, 193

Krishna, 37

L

_Lacrima cervi_, “stag’s tear,” 170

Laet, Johann de, 53, 54, 141, 190, 192

“Lake George diamonds,” 26

_Lamiæ_, 190

Lanciani, 75

_Languier_, or “tester,” 181

Lannes, Marshal, 295

_Lapides caymanum_, 181

_Lapis Armenus_, 124, 149
curative use of, 147, 148

_Lapis carpionis_, 168, 169

_Lapis Judaicus_, 187, 194

_Lapis lazuli_, 78, 123, 124, 148, 149, 280, 284, 297, 298, 301, 317,
320, 324
in “Book of the Dead,” 318
large mass of, found in Indian grave, 386
religious use of, in Ecuador, 308
stone of Issachar, symbolical meaning of, 282

_Lapis Malacensis_, 204

_Lapis manati_, 181, 182

_Lapis nephriticus_ (jade), 140

Laufer, Berthold, 304

Laurence, St., 267

Laurentus, St., 252

Lavoisier, 94

Lebour, Mrs. Nona, vii

Lémery, M. Louis, 54

Leo IV, Pope, 126

Leo X, Pope, 386

Leopold, Emperor, 16

Liceti, Fortunio, 344

_Lingucs Melitenses_, 189

Linnæus, 54

“Lithica,” Orphic poem on stones, 137, 224

Lithomania, 19

“Liver-stones,” 186

Livia, wife of Augustus, 397

Loadstone, 64–68, 119, 313
as elixir of youth, 68
oracle, De Boot’s, 65, 66
for the gout, 68
of Maniolæ Islands, 64
Robert Norman’s poem on, 66, 67

Loch-mo-naire in Scotland, legend of, 155, 156

“Loda’s stone of power,” 35

Los Muertos, Zuñi, jar with turquoise inlays found at, 309

Lough Neagh, Ireland, legend of yellow crystal there, 35

Louis XIV, 133

Louis XVI, 153

Louvre Museum, 280, 291, 389

Lucia, St., 258, 271, 275
legend of, 257

“Lucky stone,” 28

Luminous stone of male cobra, 237

Lusus Naturæ, stones bearing naturally marked images, 47–51

Luther, Martin, 249

_Lychnis_ of Pliny (tourmaline?), 52

_Lychnites_, 176

Lysander, 79

M

Maccabæus, Judas, 325

“_Madstones_,” 225 _sqq._

_Mafkat_ (Egyptian for turquoise?), 316

Magic stones, 1–71, 109 _sqq._
belief in, condemned by Church Councils, 38, 39
“day-stone” and “night-stone,” 70
of Guernsey, 40
of Island of Arran, 40
of Island of Fladda, 40
stone that attracts hair, 69, 70

_Magnes_ (loadstone), 124

Magnusen, Finn, 198

_Main-de-gloire_, 334

Malachite, 148, 291
curative use of, 150

“Malediction stones” in Ireland, 46, 47

Mallet, F. H., 233

Mamoun, Khalif, 279

Maquam Ibrahim, sacred stone in Kaabah at Mecca, 88

Marbodus of Rennes, 174

Marco Polo, 343

Margaret, St., 270, 275

Margarita, Queen of Italy, 380

Marguerite de Flandres, 335

Mariette, 279

Mark, St., 290

Marquette, Jacques, 35

Marriage sword, Chinese ceremony of, 384, 385

Marshall, J. H., 299

Martial, 60

Martin, St., 271
and the Devil, legend of, 44

Mary of Scotland, 337

Mask, ancient Mexican, with turquoise inlays, 306, 307

Mas’ûdi’s “Meadows of Gold,” 321, 322

Matthias, St., 270

Meander River, magic stone of, 12

“Median stone,” for colic, 144, 151

Medici, Catherine de’, 332
her bracelet of charms, 334

Medicine-men, 348, 349, 353–358
cure by dancing and howling, 357
in Australia, 17
medicine-bag of, 356, 360
of the Kainugá Indians, Paraguay, 18
of New Guinea, 19

Medicine-women of Araucarian Indians, Chili, 351

Megara, sonorous stone at, 2

Megenberg, Konrad von, 12, 151

Memmiæ, St., 252

Memnon, Vocal, 1

Mentzel, Christian, 187

Mephniel, angel of January, 248

Mercato, Michele, 93, 212

_Mesticas_ of the Malays, 17, 18
invulnerability conferred by, 18

Meteorites, 72–117
accidents caused by, 102–104
coins representing, 90, 91
collection of, in Vienna, 90
from Cape York, 96–98
from Kiowa Co., Kansas, 101, 102
from Willamette, Ore., 98, 99
of Ægospotami, 79, 80
of Bacubrit, Mexico, 103
of Book of Joshua, 79
of Cañon Diablo, 99–101
of Castrovilarii, Calabria, 93
of Diana Temple at Ephesus, 81
of Eisleben, 103
of Ensisheim, 73
of Knyahinya, Hungary, 102
of Lahore, India, 92
of Luce, Dept. Marne, France, 94
of Magdeburg, 91
of Mecca (Black Stone), 73, 84–88
of Paphos, 81
of Pergamos, brought to Rome, 74
of Radacofani, Italy, 91
of Zanzibar, 71
Pallas, or Krasnojarsk, 95
_pwdre ser_, or “star-rot” of Welsh, 104–106
Swords made of, 88–90, 92
“Verwünschte Burggraf” of Elbogen, 89, 90

Michael, archangel, 243, 245, 246, 250, 334

Midêwiwin, or Great Medicine Society of the Ojibways, 354, 355
magic stone of, 354
medicine-bag used by, 356

Milinda, King, 11

Milo of Croton, wore an _alectorius_, 179

_Milprey_, “thousand worms,” Cornish name of a snake-stone, 227

“Mineral stone,” for turning pebbles into precious stones, 16

Mohammed, 74, 84

Mohammed Ben Mansur, 396, 397

Mohammed Ghazni, Sultan, 90

Moissan, Henri, 100

Monardes, Nicolo, in jade, 139, 201, 203

Montezuma’s gifts to Cortés, 305, 307, 309

Months, angels of the, 247

Moonstone, remarkable, of Pope Leo X, 386

Moonstone Beach, Santa Catalina Island, pebbles from, 30

Moore, Thomas, 250

Morael, angel of September, 248

Morgan, Henry de, 323

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 185

“Mummy eyes,” Peruvian, 352

Museum of University of Pennsylvania, 358

N

Napoleon I, 96, 295

Napoleon III, Emperor, 330

Nash, Thomas, 166

Nautilus pearls, 391

Nebuchadnezzar I, 78

Necklace of the Egyptian Princess Sat-Hathor-Ant, XII Dynasty, 317, 318

_Neshem_-stone, 320

New Caledonian stone amulets, 45

New Zealand jade, _punamu_ or “green-stone,” 361–363

Newton, Hubert A., 72, 73, 74

Nicholas I, Emperor, 285

Nicholas, St., 275
legend of, 258

Nicholas, St., of Bari, “manna” of, 266

Nicostratus, St., 252

Noah’s rain-stone, 4, 5

Nonnus, St., 252

Nordenskiold, Baron N. A. E., 97

Norman, Robert, poem on loadstone, 66

_Nung-gara_, or Australian medicine-men, 17

O

_Oleum succini_, 64

_Ombria_, 162, 197, 198

Onyx, 277, 335, 369
curative use of, 151–153
stone of Zebulon, symbolical meaning of, 282
wonderful cup of, belonging to Duke of Brunswick, 387

Opal, 372, 374, 407
favored by Queen Victoria, 375
parure of, for Empress Augusta, 375

Orchamps, Baronesse d’, 371

Osman, Augustin, 374

_Ostrea Singapora_, 391

_Ostrites_, 224, 225

Otilia, St., 267

Overbury, Sir Thomas, 381

Ovid, 131

_Ovum anguinum_, 162, 197, 221–224, 226

_Oyaron_, Indian amulet-control, 354

P

_Padparasham-gem_ (corundum) of Ceylon, 395

Palladius, 64

Paré, Ambroise, 206, 207

Paris, Matthew, 152

Paris talismans, Gregory of Tours’ account of, 329

Parthenus, St., 251

Pascal, Blaise, amulet of, 337, 338

_Pater de sang_, or “blood-rosary,” 133

Patrick, St., 43, 225

Paul II, Pope, 126

Paul V, Pope, 254

Paul, St., 269, 275
at Malta, 161, 189

Pausanius, 2

“Peace Stone,” 58

Pearls, 20, 120, 124, 126, 127, 277, 280, 291, 294, 299, 300, 304, 305,
330, 341, 380, 387
Arabic theory of genesis of, 388, 394
“cocoanut,” supposed, 391
from Philippines, 391, 392
immense baroque, 392
Mme. Thiers’ necklace of, 389
necklace of, in Persian grave, 324
of nautilus, 391
“powder,” 390
Rumphius on supposed breeding of, 392
story of a luminous, 390
story of, thrown into Venetian canal by pearl-dealer, 393
strange tale of, 388, 389

Peary, Admiral Robert E., 96

“Pebble-mania,” 19, 20
among birds, 20

Pebbles, ornamental, 19–31
worn by Hindus, 37

Penel, angel, 246

Pepper, George H., 352

Peridot (chrysolite), 281

Perkin Warbeck, 401

Perpetua, St., 251, 253

Persian princess, jewels in her grave, 323–325

Pescadero Beach, Cal., pebbles from, 30

Peter, St., 250, 251, 276, 290

Peter’s, St., in Rome, 51

Petrie, Flinders, 317

Petrograd Museum of Natural History, 95

Petrus Hispanus (Pope John XXI), 119

Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 32

Philippine pearls, 391, 392

“Philosopher’s Stone,” 14, 16

Phonolite, 2

_Pierre de santé_, 153

_Pierres de foudre_, 94

“_Pierres tourniresses_,” or whirling stones, 39

_Pietre gravide_, or “pregnant stones,” 178

Pilatus Mountain, Lake Lucerne, galactite found on, 4

“Pipestone,” 35

_Piropholos_, stone from heart of a poisoned man, 12

Pitchblende, 129

_Pitdah_, stone of high-priest’s breastplate, 403

Plasma-emerald, 20

Plato’s Phædon, _daimon_, or guardian angel in, 246

Pliny, 3, 32, 52, 62, 80, 82, 129, 137, 146, 169, 170, 172, 173, 188,
196, 221, 222, 224, 226

Plutarch, 80, 82

Pogue, Joseph E., 353

Point Barrow Eskimos, amulets of, 358, 359

Ponce de Leon, 14

Poncet, Charles Jacques, 210

Pontianus, St., 252

“Porcupine-stone,” 184, 185

Precious stones thrown up on coast of Alexandria, Egypt, 321

Procopius, 64

Protus, St., 252

Psellus, 129, 135

Ptolemy the Geographer, 382

_Pwdre ser_, “star-rot,” 104–106

Pyrite, curative use of, 153

Q

Quartz, 324
for labrets and for nose-jewels in Africa, 398, 399
from Indian mounds, 26
from Lake George, 26
from Yucatan, 26
of large size, from North Carolina, 26
rutilated, 32
used by Araucarian medicine-women, 351
with inclusions, 30–34

Quartz pebbles, 19 _sqq._
in Indian skeleton’s hand, 28
in prehistoric graves, 24
polished by water or glacial action, 21, 22
with inclusions, 29, 30

Quirinius, St., 267

R

Radium, 129

Raguel, angel, 245
of May, 247

“Rainbow agate,” 377, 378

“Rainbow-disease,” 114

Rain-making stones, 4–7
Arabic, 5
from Karmania, 5
of Africa tribes, 5, 6
of Australian tribes, 6
of Noah, 5
Persian, 5
stone crosses as, 7
Turkish, 4

Raphael, archangel, 243, 245, 250

Raziel, angel, 247

Redi, Francesco, 232

Redondo Beach, Cal., pebbles from, 30, 31

Red-paint People of Maine, 28

Reed, Sir Charles Hercules, vii

Reich, David, 192, 199

Religious use of precious stones, 277–312

Renouf, P. Le Page, 319

Revelation, Book of, 243

Rhodonite used for tomb of Nicholas I, 285
as “Easter Stone,” 285

Rivaud, Charles, 375

Roch, St., 259, 267, 276

Rock-crystal, 123, 170, 285, 297, 317
as a rain-stone, 6, 7
Chinese name of, 398
curative use of, 153–157
immense vessels of, 398
“perfect jewel” of Japanese, 345
recommended in law suit by Aristophanes, 397
See also Quartz

Roe, Sir Thomas, 301

“Roland’s Foot,” stone at Toufailles, France, 43

Röntgen rays to detect amulets, 358

Rosaries, 202
Hindu, 293
legend of, 293

Rose-quartz, 384

Royal National Museum of Munich, 288

“Royal stone,” from eagle’s head, 13

Rubellite, 384

Ruby, 11, 16, 58, 123, 125, 291, 294, 296, 297, 299, 314, 343, 407
of Pegu, 401
on mummy of Cheops, 279
Mohammedan Atlas stands on, 248
origin of Burmese, 400
stone of Judah, symbolical meaning of, 282
“The Merchant of the,” 400

Rudolph II, Emperor, 208, 215

Rumphius, Georg Eberhard, 18, 238, 244, 392

S

Sabaoth, angel, 245

“Sacred shrine” of Cathedral of Chartres, 291

Sacred stone of Kiowa Indians, 44

Sadlier, Rev. Charles, vii

Saints’ Days, alphabetical list of, 272–276

_Sâlagrâma_-stone of Hindus, 196–198
emblem of Vishnu, 196
neither Sudra nor Pariah may wear, 198

Sammonicus, Serenus, 326

Sanchoniathon, 81

Santa Casa of Loreto, 186, 267

Santos-Dumont’s loadstone, 264

Sapphire, 11, 16, 31, 58, 119, 123, 124, 125, 284, 285, 287, 290, 291,
294, 299, 304, 330, 336, 343, 407
Bartholomæus Angelicus on, 395
carved, from India, 300
curative use of, 157, 158, 184
in talisman of Charlemagne, 329
of Ceylon, 402
stone of Joseph, symbolical meaning of, 282
test of a, 394

Sarcophagus-stone, 3

Sard, 287

Sardonyx, 123, 291, 372
engraved gem of, 288

Saturninus, St., 252

Sauvageot collection, 291

Scarabs, 320, 321

Schliemann, Heinrich, 323

Schola Salernitana, 120

Schrott, John, 230

_Schwindelstein_ (vertigo-stone), 153

Scipio Africanus, 74

Sebastian, St., 251, 259, 276, 290

Secundus, St., 252, 276

Seiler, Wenzel, alchemist, 15

Seleucia, meteorite of, 81

Semnes, St., 252

Sempronianus, St., 252

Seneca, 82

“Sepher de-Adam Kadmah,” 247

Serpentine, 320, 350

“Serpents’ eggs,” 221–224, 226

Seuerianus, St., 252

_Shahkevheren_, or “King of Jewels,” 68, 69

_Shah-muhra_, Persian magic stone, 13

Shakespeare, 162, 260, 337, 379, 391, 393

_Shamir_, mysterious Hebrew stone, 7–10
Arabic legend regarding, 9
in the Bible, 7, 8
in Rabbinical legend, 8

Sharks’ teeth, fossil, 190

Sh’efiel, angel of April, 247

_Shoham_-stone, 277

Siamese girl’s consecration, jewels worn at, 342

Signatures, doctrine of, 118

Silanus, St., 252

Simon and Jude, SS., 271

Skulls, disks from, as talismans, 331–334
in Buddhist legend, 332, 333
in neolithic times, 333
on bracelet of Catherine de’ Medici, 334

_Smaragdus_, 319, 320, 384

“Snake-stone,” 221–240

Snouck-Hurgronje, Dr. C., 87

Socrates, 397

Solomon, 9, 10

“Southern stone” in Kaabah at Mecca, 87

Spangenberg’s Saxon Chronicle, 103

“Spider-stone,” 183, 184
anecdote of, 183

Spinel, 296

Spitzer collection, 185

“St. Paul’s earth,” 189

Star-sapphire, as Christmas gem, 286
set in hilt of sword given King Constantine XII of Greece, 372, 373

Steatite, 300

_Steinzungen_, 189

Stone Age in China, 76–78

“Stone of the Banner,” 25

“Stones of the cobra,” 231, 232, 235–238

_Stûpra_, celestial, Hindu shrine, 298

Suckling, Sir John, 104

Suetonius, 83

Suffrage Party, amazon-stone as symbol of, 374

Sunstone, 387

Sutton, Edward Forrester, vii

Swithin, St., 270, 276

Swords made of meteoric iron, 88–90, 92

Symbolic jewel composed of three keys, 375

Sympathetic magic, doctrine of, 366

T

Ta’anbanu, angel of July, 247

Tabasheer, 149, 233, 235

Tacitus, 60, 81

Talismans, see amulets

Tan Sien Ko, vii

Tashnedernis, angel of February, 248

Tasmanian rain-makers, 34

Taurinus, St., 252

Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, 110, 185, 230, 231, 235

_Tecolithos_, 188

Teeth as amulets, 368
inlaid with precious stones, 406, 407

Tetragrammaton, 278

Thales, 63

Thebes, 1, 2

Theophrastus, 3, 53, 118, 173, 401

_Theriaca Andromachi_ or “Venice treacle,” 121

“Thesaurus Pauperum” of Pope John XXI, 119

“Thetis’s hair stone,” 29

Thevenot, M. de, 231

Thiers, Mme., pearl necklace of, 389

Thomas, St., 268, 271

Thoth, named “Trismegistos” by the Greeks, 320

“Thunder-stones,” 76, 86, 83, 92, 94, 106–116, 161, 350

Thurston, Sir J., 366

Tiberius Cæsar, 291, 292

Tibetan jewelry, 341

Tiffany and Co., 373

Timoteus, St., 252

Toad-stone, 162–167, 192

Tobit, Book of, 243, 250

Tofte, Richard, 61

Tohargar, angel of August, 247

Topaz, 11, 58, 124, 287, 290, 291, 372, 407
curative use of, 158, 159
etymology of name, 403
“Maxwell-Stuart,” 404

Tourmaline, 51–60, 384, 407
as Peace Stone, 58
brought to Holland from Ceylon, 52
experiments on, by Aepinus, 54
by Lémery in 1717, 55
from Mount Mica, Maine, 51
letter of Franklin on, 57, 58
named Aschentrekker by Dutch, 52
story of, “My Tourmaline,” by Helen Hunt Jackson, 51, 52

Trallianus, Alexander, 144

Trephining in primitive times to obtain skull-talismans, 332, 333

Tribes, Hebrew, meaning of their names, 281–284

_Trochites_, 192, 193

Trowbridge, Breck, 373

_Tse-boum_, or incense vase, in Dalai Lama’s palace at Lhasa, 302

Tubuas, angel, 245

_Turmali_, Cinghalese name of tourmaline, 52

Turquoise, 20, 159, 291, 296, 310
amulets of, from Pueblo Bonito, 352
book on, by Dr. Joseph E. Pogue, 353
favorite stone in Tibet, 343, 344, 404
in ancient Egyptian tale, 316
in ancient Persian jewels, 324
inlays of, in Mexican masks, 306, 307
large pendant of, on Buddha’s statue, 304
meaning of Persian name of, 316
offered to image of Santo Domingo, 309
of Los Cerrillos, 309
religious favor given to, in Tibet, 304
set in sheep’s eyes, 316
Shylock’s, 337
valued by Pima Indians of Arizona, 353

Tycho Brahe, 179

U

Uleranen, angel of November, 248

_Ultunda_-stones of Australian medicine-men, 16

_Umbilicus marinus_, 191

Uriel, archangel, 243, 245, 246, 251, 334

Urim and Thummim, 278

V

Valentine, St., 270, 276

Vases offered to the Buddha, 297

Verres, Caius, 405, 406

Verus, Lucius, 397

Victoria, Queen, 48, 375

Victorini, St., 252

Vienna, Natural History Museum of, 90

Virgil, 82

“Virgin’s milk,” 4

Vishnu, double footprint of, legend regarding, 340

Vitus, St., 270, 276

Vlasto, D., 373

Volmar, 13

W

Wada, T., vii

Walpole, Horace, 381

Walpurgis, St., Day, 21

Ward, W. Hayes, vii

“Watermelon stone,” variety of tourmaline, 58

Weighing of the Mogul Emperor, 301

Wells, T. Tilestone, 373

Wenceslaus Chapel in St. Veit’s at Prague, adorned with precious
stones, 296

“Whitby jet,” 380

White, H. C., 239

“White magic,” 29

White quartz of Clan Donnachaidh, 24, 25
in Indian mounds, 27
from Pueblo region of Southwest, 27

White stones in burials, 23, 24, 27
in Isle of Man, 34
oaths taken on, 35

Whitfield, J. E., 98, 99

Wilkes, Major J. D., 218

Willamette meteorite, 98, 99
chemical composition of, 99

Wilson, Robert, 154

“Witch-stones,” 200

Wittich, Johann, 132

Wolff, Johann, 126

Wright, Thomas, 153

Wundt, Wilhelm Max, 313

X

Xystus, St., 252

Y

Yeamans, Mrs. Annie, 374

Ypolitus, St., 252

Z

Zemzem, well of, at Mecca, 87

-----

Footnote 1:

Rosenfeld, “Singing and Speaking Stones”; Scientific American Suppl.
No. 1720, p. 395, Dec. 19, 1908.

Footnote 2:

Johannis Laurentii Philadelpheni Lydi quæ extant excerpta; ed. Hase,
etc., Lipsiæ et Darmstadii, 1827, p. 104.

Footnote 3:

“La Statue vocal de Memnon,” by M. Letronne, in Mém. de l’Institut de
France, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. i, 42, 1.

Footnote 4:

See Theophrasti, “De lapidibus (Peri lithôn),” ed. by John Hill,
London, 1746, pp. 15–17; cap. 10.

Footnote 5:

Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 59.

Footnote 6:

De Mély, in La Grande Encyclopédie; art. pierres précieuses.

Footnote 7:

Conradi Gesneri, “De rerum fossilium,” etc., Tiguri, 1565, fol. 49
verso.

Footnote 8:

Giovanni B. Rampolli, “Annali Musulmani,” vol. ix, Milano, 1825, p.
481, note 75.

Footnote 9:

“Exposition de ce qu’il y a de plus remarquable et des merveilles,” by
Abdorrashish, surnamed Yakuti, a geographical work of the fifteenth
century, transl. into French and published in Notices et Extraits des
Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque du Roi, vol. ii, pp. 452, 520, 534;
Paris, 1789.

Footnote 10:

F. Stuhlmann, “Mit Emin Pascha im Herz von Africa,” Berlin, 1894, p.
588.

Footnote 11:

S. Gason, “The Dieyeric Tribe” in “Native Tribes of South Australia,”
pp. 276 sqq.; see also: A. W. Howitt, “The Dieri and Other Kindred
Tribes of Central Australia.”

Footnote 12:

H. L. P. Cameron, “Notes on Some Tribes of New South Wales.” Journ. of
Anthrop. Inst., vol. xiv (1885), p. 362.

Footnote 13:

J. L. van der Toorn, “Het animisme bij den Minangkabaner der
Padangsche Bovenland, Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land-en Volkerkunde van
Nederlandsch Indie,” vol. xxxix, 1890, p. 86.

Footnote 14:

Martin, “Description of the Western Islands of Scotland,” in
Pinkerton’s “Voyages and Travels,” vol. iii, p. 594.

Footnote 15:

See Pinder, “De adamante,” Berolini, 1829, pp. 70 sqq., where the use
of the word _adamas_ to designate iron is said to have been
conjectured by Schneider, in his “Analecta ad hist. rei met. vet.,”
pp. 5, 6. Adamas as a man’s name occurs in the “Iliad,” xii, 140 and
xiii, 560.

Footnote 16:

Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Muhammad ibn
Mahmud al Kazwini,” Beilage to the Jahresbericht of the Oberrealschule
Heidelberg, 1895–96.

Footnote 17:

Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxix.

Footnote 18:

Philostrati, “Vita Apollonii,” Lib. iii, cap. 8.

Footnote 19:

“The Questions of King Milinda,” trans. by T. W. Rhys Davids; Sacred
Books of the East, vol. xxxvi, Oxford, 1894, pp. 14, 303.

Footnote 20:

Traité des Simples of Ibn Al-Beithar, in Notices et Extraits des
Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale, vol. xxiii, p. 409; Paris,
1877.

Footnote 21:

De Mély, “Le traité des fleuves de Plutarche,” in Revue des Études
Grecques, vol. v (1892), p. 332.

Footnote 22:

Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer,
Stuttgart, 1861, p. 456.

Footnote 23:

Volmar, “Steinbuch,” ed. by Hans Lambel, Heilbronn, 1877, p. 24.

Footnote 24:

St. Hildegardæ, “Opera omnia,” in Pat. Lat., ed. J. P. Migne, vol.
cxcvii, col. 1260.

Footnote 25:

D’Herbelot, “Bibliothèque Orientale,” La Haye, 1778, p. 230.

Footnote 26:

Clouston, “A Group of Eastern Romances,” Glasgow, 1889.

Footnote 27:

“Nützliche Versuche und Bemerkungen aus dem Reich der Natur,”
Nürnberg, 1760; cited by Bolton.

Footnote 28:

Bolton, “Contributions of Alchemy to Numismatics,” New York, 1890, pp.
17, 18.

Footnote 29:

Ashmole, “Theatrum chemicum Brittanicum,” London, 1652, pp. 4–6.

Footnote 30:

Spencer and Gillen, “The Native Tribes of Central Australia,” London,
1899, pp. 525–529.

Footnote 31:

Rumphius, “D’Ambonische Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, p. 291.

Footnote 32:

Rumphius, “D’Ambonische Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, pp. 291,
292.

Footnote 33:

Vogt, “Die Indianer des oberen Paraná,” Mitteilungen d. Anthrop.
Gesellsch. in Wien, 1904, vol. xxxiv, pp. 206, 207.

Footnote 34:

Hovorka and Kronfeld, “Vergleichende Volksmedizin,” vol. 11, p. 900;
communication from Dr. Rudolf Pöch.

Footnote 35:

Benvenuto Cellini, “Due trattati, uno intorno alle otto principali
arti dell’oreficeria,” etc., Fiorenzi, Valente Panizzi & Marco Peri,
1568, fol. 10 recto.

Footnote 36:

Axel Garboe, “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene, med særligt
Henblik paa det 17. Aarhundrede,” Kobenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, p.
225; citing a manuscript in the Royal Library at Copenhagen.

Footnote 37:

See Herbert E. Gregory, “Note on the Shape of Pebbles,” in The
American Journal of Science, vol. xxxix, pp. 300–304; March, 1915;
also for two succeeding paragraphs.

Footnote 38:

See Herbert E. Gregory, “Note on the Shape of Pebbles,” in The
American Journal of Science, vol. xxxix, pp. 303, 304; March, 1915.

Footnote 39:

W. G. Wood-Martin, “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland,” London,
1902, vol. i, p. 329.

Footnote 40:

Ibid., 1902, vol. i, op. cit., p. 330.

Footnote 41:

Nona Lebour, “White Quartz Pebbles and their Archæological
Significance”; reprint from Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and
Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, January 30, 1914, p.
11.

Footnote 42:

Ibid., pp. 13 and 14, citing Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries
of Scotland, 1860–1, vol. iv, pt. i, p. 219.

Footnote 43:

Ibid., p. 12, citing Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of
Scotland, 1860–1, vol. iv, pt. i, p. 219.

Footnote 44:

William Thomas and Kate Pavitt, “The Book of Talismans, Amulets and
Zodiacal Gems,” London, 1914, p. 52.

Footnote 45:

From letter of Mr. Neil M. Judd, Assistant in Archæology in the United
States National Museum, communicated by Dr. W. H. Holmes, Head Curator
of the Department of Anthropology in that institution.

Footnote 46:

Communicated by Dr. Charles C. Abbott.

Footnote 47:

Warren K. Moorehead, “The Red-Paint People of Maine,” pp. 42, 43.
Reprint from the _American Anthropologist_ (N. S.), vol. xv, No. 1,
January-March, 1913.

Footnote 48:

See the present writer’s “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,”
New York, 1892, p. 128.

Footnote 49:

See N. F. Moore, “Antient Mineralogy,” 2d ed., New York, 1859, p. 190.

Footnote 50:

George Frederick Kunz, “Gems, Jewelers’ Materials and Ornamental
Stones of California,” California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin No.
37, Sacramento, 1905, pp. 71–73.

Footnote 51:

Plinii, “Historia naturalis,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 73.

Footnote 52:

Collection des auteurs Latin, ed. by M. Nazaire; vol. i, Lucain,
Silius Italicus, Claudien, text and French trans., Paris, 1850, pp.
737, 738.

Footnote 53:

Torsten Kolmodin, “Lapparne och deres Land; Skildringar och Studier,”
Pt. III, Stockholm, 1914, p. 14.

Footnote 54:

Nona Lebour, “White Quartz Pebbles and their Archæological
Significance”; reprint from Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and
Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, January 30, 1914, p.
10.

Footnote 55:

W. G. Wood-Martin, “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland,” London,
1902, vol. i, p. 331.

Footnote 56:

Finn Magnussen, “Forsog til Forklaring over nogle Steder af Osian”;
Det Skandinaviske Litteraturselskabs Skrifter, 1813, Pt. II, pp. 237,
251.

Footnote 57:

W. G. Wood-Martin, “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland,” London,
1902, vol. i, p. 330.

Footnote 58:

Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp.
206–210.

Footnote 59:

Basher, “Catlinite, Its Antiquity as a Material for Tobacco Pipes,”
Am. Nat., vol. xvii, p. 745, July, 1883.

Footnote 60:

Renel, “Les religions de la Gaule avant le Christianisme,” Paris,
1906, p. 387.

Footnote 61:

Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins; Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Myths, Legends
and Traditions,” London, 1880, p. 362.

Footnote 62:

Renel, “Les religions de la Gaule avant le Christianisme,” Paris,
1906, p. 369.

Footnote 63:

Ibid., 1906, p. 368.

Footnote 64:

Paul Sebillot, “The Worship of Stones in France,” trans. by Joseph D.
McGuire, _American Anthropologist_, Jan.-Mar., 1902, vol. iv, No. 1,
p. 98; citing Société des Antiquaires, vol. i, p. 429.

Footnote 65:

Martin, “Description of the Western Isles,” in Pinkerton’s “Voyages
and Travels,” vol. iii, pp. 646, 627.

Footnote 66:

Sir Edgar McCulloch, “Guernsey Folk Lore,” London, 1903, p. 150.

Footnote 67:

Ibid., p. 157; fig. on p. 156.

Footnote 68:

Kuhn, “Norddeutsche Sagen,” Leipzig, 1848, p. 69.

Footnote 69:

Hermann, “Die erratischen Blöcke im Regierungsbezirck Danzig,” Berlin,
1911, p. 41; in vol. ii, Pt. I, “Beiträge zur Naturdenkmalpflege,” ed.
by H. Conwentz.

Footnote 70:

Walsh, “Curiosities of Popular Customs,” Philadelphia, 1911, p. 325.

Footnote 71:

Armand Viré, “Pierres à gravures et Pierres à légendes dans le Lot et
le Tarn et Garonne”; in Compte Rendu of the Ninth Session of the
Congrès Préhistorique de France, Paris, 1914, p. 349.

Footnote 72:

Ibid., p. 350.

Footnote 73:

Dr. Walter Hough in “Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico,”
ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge, Smithsonian Inst.; Bur. of Am. Ethn.,
Bull. 30; Washington, 1910, Pt. 2, p. 194.

Footnote 74:

Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Myths, Legends
and Traditions,” London, 1880, p. 365.

Footnote 75:

Father Lambert, “Moeurs et Superstitions des Néo-Calédoniens,” Noumea,
1900, pp. 217, 218, 222, 292–304.

Footnote 76:

See Scott’s “Border Minstrelsy,” vol. iv, Pt. II, p. 645.

Footnote 77:

Lean’s Collectanea (by Vincent Stuckey Lean), vol. ii, Pt. I, Bristol,
1903, p. 476; see W. F. Wademan in Jour. Roy. Hist, and Arch. Assoc.
of Ireland, July, 1875.

Footnote 78:

Catalogue of the collection of pearls and precious stones formed by
Henry Philip Hope, Esq. Systematically arranged and described by B.
Hertz, London, 1830.

Footnote 79:

Op. cit., p. 106.

Footnote 80:

Op. cit., No. 66, p. 106.

Footnote 81:

Op. cit., No. 65, p. 106.

Footnote 82:

Valentini, “Museum Museorum, oder der Vollständige Schau-Bühne,”
Franckfurt am Mayn, 1713, Pt. II, p. 41; figured.

Footnote 83:

Ulyssis Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 527;
figured on p. 528.

Footnote 84:

Valentini, “Museum Museorum,” p. 42; citing description by Major in
his “Tractatus de cancris et lapidibus petrifactis,” p. 64.

Footnote 85:

Ibid., p. 42; Pl. IX, fig. 3.

Footnote 86:

Ibid., p. 41; figured. From report in Miscellan. Acad. Germ. Cur.,
Decur. I, Ann. I, Obs. CXIII, p. 232.

Footnote 87:

Athanasii Kircheri, “Mundus subterraneus,” Amstelodami, 1665, vol. ii,
pp. 42 sqq.

Footnote 88:

Op. cit., vol. i, p. 39; Pl. IV, fig. 6.

Footnote 89:

Scribner & Co., 1886.

Footnote 90:

The Germans called it Aschenzieher.

Footnote 91:

Pliny, “Naturalia historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 29. In his recently
published “Curious Lore of Precious Stones” the present writer
suggested that Pliny’s _lychnis_ might have been a spinel, but while
some of these “ardent stones” may have been spinels, those displaying
the phenomenon of attraction must have been tourmalines.

Footnote 92:

A. C. Hamlin.

Footnote 93:

Theophrasti, “De lapidibus, peri tôn lithôn,” ed. by John Hill,
London, 1746, pp. 71–73 (cap. xlvi).

Footnote 94:

Idem, pp. 68–71 (cap. xlvi); see also Hill’s note on p. 69.

Footnote 95:

Johannis de Laet, Antwerpii, “De gemmis et lapidibus, libri duo,”
Lugduni Batavorum [1647], pp. 36, 40.

Footnote 96:

“_Curiose Speculationes_ bey schlaflosen Nächten ... von einem
_L_iebhaber der _I_mmer _G_ern _S_peculirt,” Chemnitz und Leipzig, bey
Conr. Stosseln, 1707, 857, pp. 80.

Footnote 97:

Johann Gustav Donndorf, “Natur und Kunst,” Leipzig, 1790, p. 516.

Footnote 98:

“Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres,” vol.
xii, 1756; Berlin, 1758, pp. 105–121.

Footnote 99:

See Historie de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Année mdcccxvii Paris,
1719, pp. 7, 8.

Footnote 100:

Abbé Haüy, “Trattato dei caratteri fisici delle pietre preziose,”
Ital. trans. by Luigi Configliachi, Milano, 1819, pp. 135–138; see
Plate II, fig. 49.

Footnote 101:

Aepinus, l. c.

Footnote 102:

The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin, ed. by John Bigelow, New York
and London, 1888, vol. x, pp. 282–285.

Footnote 103:

See the writer’s “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New
York, 1890, Pl. 4, and also his “Precious Stones” in 20th Annual
Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, Pt. VI, Washington, 1899, p.
577.

Footnote 104:

Cornelii Taciti, “Libri qui supersunt,” vol. ii, Lipsiæ, 1885, p. 243.

Footnote 105:

Sat. vi, 572; ix, 50.

Footnote 106:

Lib. v, 37, 9; xi, 8, 6.

Footnote 107:

Pfizmeier, Sitzungsbericht d. phil.-hist. Kl., Wien, 1866, vol. xliii,
p. 195.

Footnote 108:

Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 12.

Footnote 109:

Lean’s Collectanea, vol. ii, Pt. II, Bristol, 1903, p. 640.

Footnote 110:

Waver. Especially interesting as all amber changes in time.

Footnote 111:

Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 11.

Footnote 112:

Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 12.

Footnote 113:

Severus Sammonicus, “Preceptes médicaux,” text and French trans. by L.
Baudet, Paris, 1845, pp. 84, 85.

Footnote 114:

King, “Natural History of Precious Stones,” etc., London, 1865, p.
334, note.

Footnote 115:

Raumer, “Historisches Taschenbuch,” I Ser., vol. vi, Leipzig, 1835, p.
366.

Footnote 116:

Pyle, “The Therapeusis of Precious Stones,” in his “Medicine,”
Detroit, 1897, vol. iii, p. 115.

Footnote 117:

Palladii, “De gentibus Indie,” ed. Bissæus, London, 1665, p. 4.

Footnote 118:

Martin, “Observations et théories des anciens sur les attractions et
la repulsion magnétiques,” in Atti dell’ Accademia Pontefici dei Nuovi
Lincei, vol. xviii, p. 18 (1864–65).

Footnote 119:

“Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 466; Lib. II, cap.
204.

Footnote 120:

From Robert Norman’s “The Newe Attractive,” London, 1581.

Footnote 121:

Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 566.

Footnote 122:

Ploss, “Das Weib,” Leipzig, 1895, vol. ii, p. 350.

Footnote 123:

Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, pp. 564, 566.

Footnote 124:

Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Latin version by Clusius),
Antverpiæ, 1579, p. 178. See also Valentine Ball in Proc. Roy. Ir.
Soc., 3d Ser., vol. i, p. 662; Colloquy xliii, of the work of Garcias,
translated from the Portuguese original.

Footnote 125:

William Jones, “Credulities Past and Present,” London, 1880, pp. 160,
161; citing “Panorama,” vol. vii.

Footnote 126:

D’Herbelot, “Bibliothèque Orientale,” La Haye, 1778, p. 229.

Footnote 127:

Rose, “Aristotle de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitsch. für D.
Alt., New Series, vol. vi. 1875.

Footnote 128:

Ibid., p. 358.

Footnote 129:

Ibid., p. 370.

Footnote 130:

Ibid., p. 379.

Footnote 131:

Nona Lebour, “Amber and Jet in Ancient Burials,” reprint from
Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and
Antiquarian Society, Nov. 27, 1914, pp. 4, 5.

Footnote 132:

American Journal of Science, 4th Ser., vol. iii, pp. 1–13, New Haven,
1897.

Footnote 133:

Tiguri, 1565, f. 66.

Footnote 134:

Titi Livi, “Ab urbe condita,” lib. xxix, cap. 11.

Footnote 135:

“Adversus Gentes,” lib. vii.

Footnote 136:

Prudentius “Hymnus X,” 11, 156, 157. This writer was born in 348 A.D.
and died about 410.

Footnote 137:

“Dissertation sur la pierre de la Mère des Dieux,” in Mém. de l’Acad.
des Inscrip. et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxviii, p. 370; Paris, 1770.

Footnote 138:

Miers, “Fall of Meteorites in Ancient and Modern Times,” Science
Progress, vol. vii, No. 8, July, 1898, p. 351.

Footnote 139:

Laufer, “Jade: A Study in Chinese Archæology and Religion,” Chicago,
1912, pp. 54, 55, 57, 63, 64; Field Museum of Natural History, Pub.
154, Archæological Series, vol. x.

Footnote 140:

Morris Jastrow, Jr., “Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens,” vol.
ii, Pt. II, Giessen, 1912, pp. 689, 690.

Footnote 141:

Ibid., pp. 692–694.

Footnote 142:

Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie, Freiburg i. B., 1894, p. 370.

Footnote 143:

Lenormant, “Lettres Assyriologiques,” Paris, 1872, vol. ii, p. 118.

Footnote 144:

Miers, “Fall of Meteorites in Ancient and Modern Times,” Science
Progress, vol. vii, No. 8, July, 1808, p. 349.

Footnote 145:

E. F. F. Chladni, “Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und
Eisenmassen,” p. 5; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1.

Footnote 146:

Plutarchi, “Vitæ,” Lipsiæ, 1879, p. 394; Lysander, 12.

Footnote 147:

C. Plinii Secundi, “Historia naturalis,” Venetiis, 1507, fol. 8,
recto; lib. ii, cap. 60.

Footnote 148:

Cornelii Taciti, “Opera,” Lipsiæ, 1885, p. 52.

Footnote 149:

Philostratus, “Apollonius of Tyana,” trans. by Baltzer, Rudolstadt i.
Th., 1883, p. 143 (iii, 59).

Footnote 150:

Lenormant, in Daremberg and Saglio’s Dict., des antiq. grecques et
romaines, vol. i, Paris, 1873, p. 645.

Footnote 151:

F. Lenormant, in Daremberg and Saglio’s Dict. des antiq. grecques et
romaines, vol. i, p. 645, Paris, 1873. See Fig. 739.

Footnote 152:

Aen. ii, 692–698.

Footnote 153:

De Mély, “Le traité des fleuves de Plutarche”; in Revue des Etudes
Grecques, vol. v (1892), p. 334.

Footnote 154:

Suetonii, “Opera,” Lipsiæ, 1886, p. 203; Galba, 8.

Footnote 155:

This name signifies “Mountain-God” and its assumption by the emperor
marked his devotion to the worship of the divinity animating the stone
of Emesa, El Gabal, which Elagabalus had conveyed to Rome, where it
remained until 222 A.D. This stone was regarded as a miniature
representation of the sacred mountain near Emesa. The stone is figured
on the aureus of the emperor Uranius Antonius. See Ch. Lenormant, Rev.
Numismatique, 1843, p. 273, sq., Pl. IX, No. 1.

Footnote 156:

Lenormant, “Lettres Assyriologiques,” Paris, 1872, vol. ii, p. 123.

Footnote 157:

“Voyages d’Ibn Batoutah.” Translation by C. Defremery and B. R.
Sanguinette, vol. i, 3d Ed., Paris, 1893, p. 314.

Footnote 158:

Sale, “The Koran” (Preliminary Discourse), Phila., 1853, p. 14.

Footnote 159:

Burckhardt, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1829, p. 137.

Footnote 160:

Burckhardt, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1829, p. 167.

Footnote 161:

Chardin, “Voyage en Perse,” Amsterdam, 1735, vol. iv, p. 171.

Footnote 162:

Giovanni B. Rampolli, “Annali Musulmani,” vol. viii, Milano, 1824, p.
589, note 104.

Footnote 163:

Dr. C. Snouck-Hurgronje, “Mekka,” Haag, 1888, vol. i, pp. 2, 4, 5.

Footnote 164:

Op. cit., p. 11.

Footnote 165:

From Hammer-Purgstall’s “Fundgrube des Orients,” vol. iv, Heft 3;
cited by E. F. F. Chladni, “Neues Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen
Stein- und Eisenmassen,” p. 55; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1.

Footnote 166:

E. F. F. Chladni, “Neues Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und
Eisenmassen,” p. 58; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1.

Footnote 167:

Ibid., p. 5.

Footnote 168:

Berthelot, “Histoire des Sciences: La Chimie au Moyen-âge,” Paris,
1893, vol. iii, p. 225.

Footnote 169:

Brezina, “The Arrangement of Collections of Meteorites”; Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, vol. xliii, Jan.-Dec., pp. 212,
213.

Footnote 170:

King, “Remarks Concerning Stones said to have Fallen from the Clouds,”
London, 1796, p. 4.

Footnote 171:

Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 92.
(This is based on Thomas de Cantimpré’s “Liber de natura rerum,”
written about 1240.)

Footnote 172:

E. F. F. Chladni, “Neues Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und
Eisenmassen,” p. 17; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1. (From copy
having MS. notes and emendations by the author.)

Footnote 173:

Metallotheca Vaticana, Romæ, 1719, p. 248.

Footnote 174:

Ulyssis Aldrovandi, “Museum Metallicum,” pp. 528, 529.

Footnote 175:

Fundgruben des Orients, vol. iv, p. 282; Wien, 1814.

Footnote 176:

King, “Remarks Concerning Stones said to have Fallen from the Clouds,”
London, 1796, p. 26.

Footnote 177:

Lieut. Robert E. Peary, “Northward over the ‘Great Ice,’” New York,
1897, vol. ii, pp. 553 sqq.

Footnote 178:

Edmund Otis Hovey, “The Foyer Collection of Meteorites,” American
Museum of Natural History, Guide Leaflet No. 26, December, 1907, pp.
23–27.

Footnote 179:

Henry A. Ward, “Willamette Meteorite”; Proc. Rochester Acad. of Sc.,
vol. iv, pp. 137–148, plates 13–18.

Footnote 180:

Edmund Otis Hovey, “The Foyer Collection of Meteorites,” American
Museum of Natural History, Guide Leaflet No. 26, December, 1907, pp.
27, 28.

Footnote 181:

See the present writer’s “Diamond and Moissanite; Natural, Artificial
and Meteoric,” a lecture delivered at the Twelfth General Meeting of
the American Electro-chemical Society in New York City, October 18,
1907; here the literature on this important meteor is fully given. Two
other interesting meteorites are described by George F. Kunz and
Ernest Weinschenk in the American Journal of Science, vol. xliii, May
1892, pp. 424–426, figures.

Footnote 182:

See Henri Moissan, “Étude de la météorite de Cañon Diablo,” Comptes
Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, vol. cxvi (1893), pp. 288 sqq.; see
also his paper on the Ovifak meteorite, Comptes Rendus, vol. cxxi
(1895), pp. 483 sqq.

Footnote 183:

G. F. Kunz and O. W. Huntington, “On the Diamond in the Cañon Diablo
Meteoric Iron and on the Hardness of Carborundum,” American Journal of
Science, vol. xlvi, December, 1893.

Footnote 184:

George F. Kunz, “On Five American Meteorites,” American Journal of
Science, vol. xl, Oct., 1890, pp. 312–323.

Footnote 185: