Chapter III: Dr. Fisk’s Bill

LEXINGTON, _April, 1775_.

The Province of Massachusetts, Debtor to Joseph Fisk, to
going to Woburn to dress one of the King’s troops; travel
three miles and dressing £0 3s. 6d.
April 19, to dressing one of King’s troops at Mr. Buckman’s
in Lexington; travel half a mile 2 0
April 20, to dressing seven of the King’s troops, at Mr
Buckman’s in Lexington; two days at one shilling per day
each 1 3 0
April 20, to going to Lincoln to Dress two of King’s
troops; travel three miles 3 6
April 20, to going to Ebenezer Fisk’s to dress three of the
King’s troops, two miles 3 6
April 23, to going to Cambridge to dress one of the King’s
troops; travel five miles 4 0
April 26, to dressing one of the King’s troops three times,
at Mr Buckman’s in s’d town 4 0
Lexington, June 6, 1775
Errors Excepted,
JOSEPH FISK.

[On Monument in Lexington.]

_In
memory of_
DR. JOSEPH FISK,
_Surgeon in the
Revolutionary Army and
member of the Mass.
Cincinnati Society,
who died Sept. 25, 1837,
Aged 84 Years_.

THE DEAD OF PATRIOTS’ DAY[23]
APRIL 19, 1775[24]

────────────────┬───┬─────────────────────┬─────────┬────────────────── NAME │AGE│ WHERE KILLED │TOWN FROM│ WHERE BURIED ────────────────┼───┼─────────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────── Ensign Robert │63 │Lexington Common │Lexington│Lexington Common Munroe │ │ │ │ Jonas Parker │53 │ „ „ │ „ │ „ „ Jonathan │30 │ „ „ │ „ │ „ „ Harrington │ │ │ │ Isaac Muzzy │31 │Near Lexington Common│ „ │ „ „ Samuel Hadley │29 │ „ „ „ │ „ │ „ „ John Brown │25 │ „ „ „ │ „ │ „ „ Asahel Porter │ │ „ „ „ │Woburn │Woburn Capt. Isaac │30 │Concord Bridge │Acton │Acton Centre Davis │ │ │ │ Abner Hosmer │21 │ „ „ │ „ │ „ „ Capt. Jonathan │41 │N’r Brooks’ Tav’n, │Bedford │Bedford Wilson │ │ Lincoln │ │ Daniel Thompson │40 │ „ „ „ │Woburn │Woburn │ │ „ │ │ Nathaniel Wyman │25 │ „ „ „ │Lexington│Old Cemetery, │ │ „ │ │ Lexington Asahel Reed │22 │ „ Hartwell’s „ │Sudbury │Sudbury Centre │ │ „ │ │ James Hayward │25 │Fiske’s Hill, │Acton │Acton Centre │ │ Lexington │ │ Josiah Haynes │80 │Concord Hill │Sudbury │Sudbury Centre Jedediah Munroe │54 │Lexington │Lexington│Old Cemetery, │ │ │ │ Lexington John Raymond │44 │N’r Munroe’s Tav’n, │ „ │„ „ „ │ │ Lex. │ │ Joseph Coolidge │45 │East Lexington │Watert’wn│East Watertown Henry Jacobs │22 │Menotomy │Danvers │Danvers Samuel Cook │33 │ „ │ „ │ „ Ebenezer │22 │ „ │ „ │ „ Goldthwait │ │ │ │ George Southwick│25 │ „ │ „ │ „ Benjamin Daland │25 │ „ │ „ │ „ Jotham Webb │22 │ „ │ „ │ „ Perley Putnam │21 │ „ │ „ │ „ Daniel Townsend │37 │ „ │Lynn │Lynnfield Reuben Kennison │ │ „ │Beverly │Danvers, Ryal Side William Flint │ │ „ │Lynn │Menotomy, now │ │ │ │ Arl’gton Thomas Hadley │ │ „ │ „ │ „ „ „ Jason Russell │59 │ „ │Menotomy │ „ „ „ William Polly │30 │Mill Pond, Op. │Medford │Medford │ │ Menotomy │ │ Henry Putnam │70 │Menotomy │ „ │ „ Benjamin Peirce │37 │ „ │Salem │Menotomy Lieut. John │54 │ „ │Needham │ „ Bacon │ │ │ │ Sergt. Elisha │40 │ „ │ „ │Needham Mills │ │ │ │ Amos Mills │43 │ „ │ „ │Menotomy Natheniel │57 │ „ │ „ │ „ Chamberlain │ │ │ │ Jonathan Parker │28 │ „ │Dedham │ „ Elias Haven │ │ „ │Dover │ „ Abednego │25 │ „ │Lynn │ „ Ramsdell │ │ │ │ Jabez Wyman │39 │ „ │Menotomy │ „ Jason Winship │45 │ „ │ „ │ „ Moses Richardson│53 │Cambridge │Camb’dge │Cambridge John Hicks │50 │ „ │ „ │ „ William Marcy │ │ „ │ „ │ „ Isaac Gardner │49 │ „ │Brooklyn │Brooklyn James Miller │65 │Charlestown │Cha’stown│Charlestown Edward Barber │14 │Charlestown Neck │ „ │ „ ────────────────┴───┴─────────────────────┴─────────┴──────────────────

THE MEMORIAL TREES AT WASHINGTON

How to identify memorial trees has become an interesting question with the Washington authorities who have charge of the public grounds. While this city has no elm under which Washington took command of the army, and no oak that saved the charter of colonial liberties, it has not a few trees about which exceedingly interesting history gathers.

The Russo-American oak, planted a year ago, by President Roosevelt, assisted by Secretary Hitchcock, in the lawn near the west terrace of the White House, has a novel history. It is a lineal descendant of a native American oak, which overshadowed the old tomb of Washington at Mount Vernon. Acorns from this oak were sent by Charles Sumner, while a Senator, to the Czar of Russia. Secretary Hitchcock thus tells the rest of the story:

“While ambassador at the court of St. Petersburg I made inquiry with respect to the acorns that Charles Sumner, while Senator from Massachusetts, sent to the Czar, and I found that they had been planted on what is known as ‘Czarina Island,’ which is included in the superb surroundings of one of the palaces of his Majesty, near Peterhof, and there I found a beautiful oak with a tablet at its foot bearing a Russian inscription which reads: ‘The acorn planted here was taken from an oak which shades the tomb of the celebrated and never-to-be-forgotten Washington; is presented to his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of all the Russias, as a sign of the greatest respect.—By an American.’

“I was fortunate at the time of my visit, which was in the fall of 1898, in finding a number of acorns on the ground. Gathering a handful I sent them home, and secured from the seed thus planted a few oak saplings, one of which I planted, with the permission of President Roosevelt, in the grounds of the White House, while another I planted near its grandparent, which is still in existence at Mount Vernon. Both of these young trees, I hope, will reach such age and strength as will, for years to come typify the continued friendship of the Governments and people of the United States and Russia.”

A superb specimen of the Oriental plane tree (_Platanus orientalis_) originally planted in 1862, in the United States Botanic Garden by direction of Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania, now forms one of the chief attractions of Lincoln Park. Having suffered from an overflow of the Potomac in 1870, which threatened its destruction, it was removed from the Botanic Garden to Lincoln Park, then an unimproved Government reservation. In 1872, when this park was improved with walks and ornamental plantings, a part of the plan of improvement adopted was the construction of an oval mound in the center, intended to form the site of a colossal statue of Abraham Lincoln, if an appropriation could be secured for that purpose. This tree was bare-stemmed, with a few small branches near the top, about eight feet from the original ground surface. The mound was made around it, and from this bare stem, which subsequently was covered with earth, it speedily sent out roots, and began a growth of phenomenal rapidity, which has continued till it is now over seventy feet in height, with a nearly equal spread of branches.

Trees as well as statuary may serve as monuments. In the parks and gardens of the cities of Europe there are many such trees. In Washington, the official home of our Presidents, and the temporary abiding place of so many distinguished statesmen and men of letters, exceptional opportunities have been afforded, and there are many trees notable for the historic interest attached to them.

In the grounds around the White House stands a stately American elm said to have been planted by President John Quincy Adams. It forms a conspicuous object, towering above the surrounding plantings on the mound to the southeast of the White House. An American elm was planted by President Hayes in March, 1878, near the west entrance of the north roadway approach to the White House. A sweet-gum tree was planted by President Harrison, in April, 1892, in the lawn northeast of the White House. A scarlet oak was planted by President McKinley, March, 1898, in the lawn west of the White House, bordering the walk now leading to the executive offices.

The Cameron elm, one of the old trees in the Capitol grounds, south of the south wing of the building, is made notable from the circumstance that Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, while a member of the Senate Committee on Public Buildings, intervened in its behalf and prevented its destruction.

In the Botanic Garden are planted a large number of trees, memorials of men prominent in the Nation’s history. These trees are both evergreen and deciduous, and a number of them are splendid specimens. There is the Crittenden tree, an overcup oak, planted in 1863 by J. J. Crittenden, of Crittenden compromise fame. The acorns for this and a companion tree planted at the same time by Robert Mallory, a personal friend of Crittenden, were brought from Kentucky by them. Mr. Mallory’s tree was planted on what was, prior to its incorporation in the Botanic Garden, the towpath of the old Washington Canal.

The Garfield tree has this novel history: At the funeral ceremonies of President Garfield a small seedling branchlet of acacia was placed on his coffin by a member of the Masonic fraternity. After his burial this seedling plant was brought to Washington, and planted in its present location. Near this tree, on the opposite side of the walk, an acacia tree has been planted as a memorial to Albert Pike, for so many years the central figure of the Masonic fraternity in the United States. The Hoar and Evarts memorial trees are two handsome specimens of the cedar of Lebanon, planted by Senators Hoar and Evarts, close together. The Holman tree is a superb Crimean fir, planted about thirty-eight years ago by the Indiana economist, who is now almost forgotten. There are two Wahoo, or winged elm trees, planted by Lot M. Morrill and Justin S. Morrill during their terms of service in the United States Senate. These somewhat rare trees are now handsome specimens of the garden.

A Chinese oak with a novel history grows near by; many years ago a friend of Charles A. Dana, travelling in China, picked up a number of acorns under a tree growing by the grave of Confucius, and brought them to America for Mr. Dana, who planted them in his grounds. This tree was grown from one of these acorns.

There are also a number of other memorial trees planted in these grounds; among the most notable are a British oak commemorating the settlement of the Alabama claims, and two American elms, seedlings from the Washington elm growing at Cambridge. And there are many more.

_Evening Post, N. Y._

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS

LETTER FROM BENJAMIN HAWKINS TO GOVERNOR CASWELL

[Benjamin Hawkins was a member of the Continental Congress, and interpreter for Washington with the French officers. (Washington is said to have greatly regretted the necessity for an interpreter, as it failed to bring the French officers in proper touch with the commander.) The letter is dated at “Bath” presumably in North Carolina, as the writer refers to “this state.” It is addressed to Richard Caswell, the Governor of North Carolina. The writer was born in N. C. in 1754, and died in Georgia, 1816. A Princeton graduate, and proficient in modern languages, his knowledge of French made him very useful to Washington. In 1780 he was commissioned to buy arms abroad. These he shipped in a vessel belonging to John Stanly a merchant of New Berne. After the Revolution he became one of the Senators from N. C. In 1797 he was Indian Superintendent, over all the tribes south of the Ohio, and held this office through several administrations. Although rich he left home to establish a settlement and manufactory in the Creek Nation, near what is now Hawkinsville, Ga. (named in his honor).]

BATH, —— 1780.

DEAR SIR,

I have the pleasure of informing your excellency of my arrival here with some muskets for this State; I ship’d eight hundred and seventy-eight stand from St. Eustatius, I shall land five hundred stand at Washington—the remainder which come in another bottom, will be at Edenton.

I could not procure anything on the faith of the State, or by barter for provisions or tobacco as was expected, they were taught to believe in the West Indies that a bushel of salt would purchase one hundred weight of tobacco, and that two and one-half, a barrel of pork. While they entertain this idea (salt being of little value there) it will be impossible to barter for more valuable articles, the exchange to be in this State, as was suggested by some gentlemen in the assembly. The price of tobacco had fallen in the West Indies about the time of my arrival there, owing to the quantity just then imported from the continent—which with the advise of Mr. Governeur, the continental agent there determined me to reship the tobacco in Dutch bottoms to Europe, he undertook to do it, and advanced for six hundred of the arms—the remainder I purchased on my own credit on Interest for the State—the arms are very good and purchased at the reasonable price of five and five and a half pieces of eight per stand. Part of the tobacco I ship’d was damaged, which can only be accounted for either by the negligence of the inspector or the bad state of the warehouse where it was stored.

We were apprised of the sailing of the fleet from New York, which made me assiduous in geting all the arms I could in St. Eustatia as I well knew our situation. A large supply of arms and cloathing may be had by this from the West Indies provided we can make remittances—three thousand stand I am offered and one thousand suits of cloathing.

Should the present plan of importing necessaries still continue to be countenanced by the general assembly, I shall prepair to remit as much as possible, tho’ I doubt vessels cannot be procured—freighting at the present extravigant prices will not be so advantageous as purchasing. If the latter be practicable, I must draw on you for money—I will send you the price currant of articles for the West India market by the next opportunity.

A Continental brigantine was cut out from Saby by some British privateers tho’ opposed by the fire from the fort, she has been since demand(ed?) but refused—it was suggested that the Captain, —— Ashmead, and some of his men went into the fort and assisted in protecting their vessel, the answer of the governor of St. Kitts to the demand is humourous; he congratulated the governor of Saby[25] on the restoration of the island seized by the rebel Americans.

Part of the French fleet have arrived at Martinique, but we had no account of the Count, some supposed he had sailed for Europe others to South America.

We had various reports from Europe which as I recollect I send you—the Dutch have been repeatedly solicited to take part with Britain, they evade it as much as possible, it is said they have given as a reason that they did not think the present plans & intention of the British ministry to be to the interest either of Britain or her allies, but manifestly to their ruin and discredit, and therefore although they were and are at all times ready to act for the interest of great Britain, yet for the reasons before named they must now declare themselves neuter and protest against the proceedings of —— This is credited by some in St. Eustatia. They further report that the dutch Embassador has ben recalled from the British Court in consideration of a demand of some vessels carried into the Texel by John Paul Jones; the governor of St. Eustatius imagines that the Dutch will take part with Britain.

The grand convention will be held at Versailles in April—the King of Prussia & Empress of Russia have promised their mediation, the British fleet are in Torbay and do not expect to put to sea till April. John Paul Jones who sailed from Brest in a fifty gun ship with some frigates went north about and did infinite damage to the British vessels—he fell in with the convoy from Norway and took the Seraphis, a new fifty gun ship, and the Countess of Scarborough of 20—Jones engaged the Seraphis two hours, and the whole time they were so near that the guns touched the opposite vessel. Jones lost one hundred and Eighty two men, and Pearson 189. Jones’ ship sunk the next day and he went with his prizes into the Texel, there to refit them. Sir Joseph York demanded them, which was so strenuously opposed by the French minister that his demand was refused and repeatedly. Jones was received with every imaginable mark of respect by the Dutch.

I expect the pleasure of seeing your excellency within a few days—excuse the imperfection of my letter—I am with due respect—

Dear Sir,
Your most obed’t Serv’t
BENJAMIN HAWKINS.

LETTER FROM SILAS DEANE TO CAPT. JOSEPH HYNSON.

[This letter, which was sold at auction in New York in May, came to light very opportunely for our article. Its existence was before unknown.—See article “Between Two Flags,” p. 203]

Paris, _27 August, 1777_.

CAPT. HYNSON—
SIR:

I wrote you on the 4th., the 15th., the 17th., & the 21st.,—on the 17th I sent a copy of my letter of the 4th. I now have before me yours of the 24th., by which it does not appear that you have received any of my Letters, this & the pretended Secrecy with which everything is conducted convinces me of what I have been long since suspicious, (viz) that you are in the hands of a very dishonest man—I once more enclose the copy of my letter of the 4th and again insist, that before you leave Havre, you see that every Bill is just, and that every thing has been conducted as it ought to be, for I freely own to you, I have lost all confidence in Eyries (?) You will then ask me why I have dealt with him at all for this Vessel. I answer at once, to get my Money out of his hands, but if he witholds anything from your knowledge quit him immediately. I have wrote directly to Eyries by this post, & am with due respect,

Sir Your Most Obedt
& very hum; Servt.
S. DEANE.

I have repeatedly told you that you cannot be permitted to cruise in the Channel, & were I to give you a Commission for that purpose it would be fatal to me, therefore urge no more on that subject—I once more inclose you the Orders I gave (on) the 4th and must insist that you see every thing done to your satisfaction or that you instantly tell Eyries you will have nothing to do in the affair.

MINOR TOPICS

WHAT DID WAYNE PLAN IN THIS ORDER?

Mad Anthony was not content with his success at Stony Point, but a short time after issued this order:

Fishkill Landing, 4 Aug., 1779.

Dear Sir: You’ll please to order a detachment of one hundred and fifty
men, with two days’ provisions, under the command of Col. Butler. I
wish you to order Major Hull with him.

Interim believe me yours,

ANT’Y WAYNE. B. G.

N. B.—The detachment will move to-morrow morning early.

_To Mr. Nath’l Sackett._

It is evident that the contemplated movement was not to be far away,
as only two days’ provisions were called for. There was something to
be performed in the secrecy of the night. Col. Butler was probably
Col. Richard Butler, who was a capable officer of the 9th
Pennsylvania. Major Hull was later Gen. Hull, of the War of 1812.
Sackett had his home in the neighborhood near where Wayne was writing,
and had been very active in civil life. He graduated at Yale, and was
prominent in revolutionary committees. He brought to Fishkill the news
of the Battle of Lexington, organized local patriotic meetings, and
was associated with the leaders in that historic time. It seems that
Wayne looked to him to give him some important aid where nothing was
accomplished, because of some new turn for other action. Such are
familiar to the soldier. Many soldiers were quartered in Fishkill,
where those officers and men to be called must have been.

J. HARVEY COOK.

_Fishkill-on-Hudson._

THE LAST VETERAN GONE

Hiram Cronk, the last survivor of the War of 1812, died at the age of 105, at his home in Oneida County, N. Y., May 15, and was given a public military funeral in New York City, May 18—the Society of the War of 1812 forming a part of the escort. The body lay in state over night at the City Hall—an honor never before shown to a private soldier—and on May 19 was interred in Cypress Hills Cemetery, Long Island.

QUERY

_g._ MCPIKE—Have the ship registers been preserved, of arrivals of emigrants at port of Baltimore, Maryland, _circa_ 1772, from Dublin, Ireland, and London, England? My ancestor, James McPike, of Scotch parentage, is said to have migrated from Dublin to Baltimore in 1772. His son, John McPike, was born at Wheeling, W. Va., 4th or 5th February, 1795. Is there any local evidence of that fact which is recorded in family Bible records?

GENEALOGICAL

All communications for this department (including genealogical publications for review) should be sent to William Prescott Greenlaw, address: Commonwealth Hotel, Bowdoin St., Boston, Mass.

[A limited number of queries will be inserted for subscribers free; to all others a charge of one cent per word (payable in stamps) will be made.]

16. _a._ BARTLETT—What was the maiden name of Abigail, wife of Richard Bartlett of Newbury? She died 1687.

* * * * *

_b._ CROSBY—Who were the parents of Jane Crosby of Rowley, who married, 1644, John Pickard of Rowley and died 1715.

* * * * *

_c._ HOBBS—Wanted, the parentage of Mary Hobbs of Newbury, who married, 1665, John Kent. She died 1703.

* * * * *

_d._ PEARSON—What was the maiden name of Dorcas, wife of John Pearson of Rowley? They were married about 1667.

* * * * *

_e._ RUST—Who were the parents of Mary Rust of Newbury or Ipswich, who married, 1680, John Kent of Newbury.

* * * * *

_f._ WHEELER—What was the maiden name of Rebecca, wife of Nathan Wheeler? He died 1741.

* * * * *

_g._ WHEELER—Who were the parents of Susanna Wheeler of Newbury, born 1730, died 1801, who married, 1749, William Coffin of Newbury.

* * * * *

_h._ WESTWOOD—What was the maiden name of Bridget, wife of William Westwood of Hartford and Hadley? He died 1639.

* * * * *

_i._ TYNG—Wanted, the maiden name of Mary, wife of Edward Tyng of Boston and Dunstable. He died 1681.

W. 1.

ENGLISH PEDIGREE OF THE FIRST GABRIEL LUDLOW, OF NEW YORK

_By the late_ THOMAS W. LUDLOW, Esq., _of Ludlow, N. Y._

GEORGE LUDLOW, m. EDITH, third daughter of ANDREW, LORD WINDSOR,
of Hill Deverill, High Sheriff for | of Stanwell, Middlesex.
Wilts, 1567. Will proved Feb. 4, 1580. |
|
[See Herald’s Visitation to Wilts, in |
1565, made by Robert Harvey, Clarencieux |
King-at-Arms; Bodleian |
Libr., Oxon. Ms. B. 440, fol. 4] |
+-----------------------+--------------------+
| |
SIR EDMUND LUDLOW. THOMAS LUDLOW, m. JANE, sister of SIR GABRIEL PYLE, of Bapton.
| of Dinton and Baycliffe. |
| Died Nov., 1607. |
| Will proved June, 1608. |
SIR HENRY LUDLOW. |
| |
+---------+---------+
+------------------------------+--+-----------------+--------------------+
| | | | | |
Lt-Gen. HENRY LUDLOW, GABRIEL LUDLOW, LIEUT.-GOV. THOMAS LUDLOW, Colonel
SIR EDMUND LUDLOW, ancestor of the father of GABRIEL, ROGER LUDLOW, bapt. at Baverstock, GEORGE
LUDLOW,
the Regicide. Earls of Ludlow. who was of Massachusetts and March 3, 1593; of Virginia;
| killed at Newbury, 1644; Connecticut. married, at Warminster, d.
1637,
| went to New England, 1639. Bapt. at Dinton, February 15, 1634, at
Jamestown.
| March 7, 1590. JANE BENNETT,
| Landed at of Steeple Ashton.
This line became extinct. Nantasket, 1630; |
returned to England, 1654. |
+--------------------------+---------+
| |
THOMAS LUDLOW, GABRIEL LUDLOW, m.
MARTHA ...
m. of Frows. Baptised at |
SABAS SUTTON. Warminster, Aug. 27, 1634,
|
d. 1690. |
+---------------------------------------+
|
GABRIEL LUDLOW, of New York;
born at Castle Cary, Nov. 2, 1663;
arrived in New York Nov. 24, 1694;
m. SARAH HANMER, April 5, 1697.

Copy of the CERTIFICATE OF BAPTISM OF GABRIEL LUDLOW, of New
York.
“Christenings in the years 1663.

“December. The first day of this moneth GABRIEL the sonne of GABRIEL LUDLOW of froome and of MARTHA his wife was christened.”

Certified a true copy of an entry in the Register of Baptisms for the Parish of Castle Cary, in the county of Somerset, by 10th day of March, 1883. A. W. GRAFTON, _Vicar_.

-----

Footnote 1:

Smith, _Debates_, pp. 38, 39.

Footnote 2:

Smith, _Debates_, pp. 37, 38.

Footnote 3:

In his message of Oct. 25, 1861, Gov. Shorter made a report showing
that the finances of the State for 1861 were in a good condition, and
advised against levying a tax to pay the State’s quota of the
Confederate tax. He stated that the banks had done good service to the
State; that, though in time of peace they were a necessary evil, now
they were a public necessity; that all the money used by the State in
carrying on the war had come from the banks.—Official Records, Ser.
IV, Vol. I, pp. 697–700.

Footnote 4:

O. R., Ser. IV, Vol. I, pp. 697–699; Acts of Gen’l. Assembly, Feb. 2,
Nov. 27 and 30, and Dec. 7 and 9, 1861; Patton’s Message, Jan. 16,
1866.

Footnote 5:

Ordinance No. 33, amending sections 1373, 1375, 1393 of the Code, Mar.
16, 1861.

Footnote 6:

In 1861, two banks were chartered, two in 1862, five in 1863, and two
in 1864. Several of there were savings banks.

Footnote 7:

Ordinance No. 18, Jan. 19, 1861; Nos. 35 and 36, Mar. 18, 1861.

Footnote 8:

Schwab, p. 302; Davis, Vol. I, p. 495; Journal of the Conv. of 1865,
p. 61; Acts of Ala., Jan. 29, Feb. 6 and 8, Dec. 10, 1861;
Stat.-at-Large Prov. Cong. C. S. A., Feb. 8, 1861; Miller, _Alabama_,
pp. 152, 157.

Footnote 9:

Journal of the Conv., 1865, p. 61; Acts of Ala., Nov. 8, Dec. 4, 8 and
9, 1862; Miller, p. 168.

Footnote 10:

Journal of the Conv. of 1865, p. 61; Acts of Ala., Aug. 29, Dec. 8,
1863; Miller, pp. 186, 189.

Footnote 11:

Miller, p. 215; Acts of Ala., Oct. 7, and Dec. 13, 1864.

Footnote 12:

Resolutions of Gen’l. Assembly, Dec. 1, 1862; Schwab, p. 50.

Footnote 13:

Resolutions, Dec. 8, 1863.

Footnote 14:

Confederate Funding Act, Feb. 17, 1864.

Footnote 15:

Acts of Ala., Oct 7, 1864; Schwab, pp. 73, 74.

Footnote 16:

Acts of Ala., Dec. 10, 1861.

Footnote 17:

Acts of Ala., passim. Notes of the State and of State banks were
hoarded while Confederate notes were distrusted.—Pollard, _Lost
Cause_, p. 421.

Footnote 18:

Acts of Ala., Nov. 9, 1861; Schwab, p. 8. It was considered a matter
of patriotism to invest funds in Confederate securities. Not many
other investments offered; there was little trade in negroes.—Pollard,
_Lost Cause_, p. 424.

Footnote 19:

Acts of Ala., Dec. 8, 1863.

Footnote 20:

Acts of Ala., Dec. 13, 1864.

Footnote 21:

Clark, Finance and Banking, in the _Memorial Record of Alabama_, Vol.
I, p. 341. Statement of J. H. Fitts.

Footnote 22:

Patton’s Message, Jan. 16, 1866.

Footnote 23:

The 19th of April is so known in New England, particularly in
Massachusetts.

Footnote 24:

Although this has been printed in all the histories of the Revolution,
it remained for the Massachusetts S. A. R. to make it complete by
adding the place where killed, the home, and the age of each of the
victims, and I am indebted to Mr. H. W. Kimball, the Society’s
Registrar, for the use of it.

Footnote 25:

San Saba.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Re-indexed footnotes using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 4. Enclosed italics font in underscores. 5. Denoted superscripts by a caret before a single superscript character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}.