Chapter VII: Notes

[184.1] ii. _Records of the Past_, 137; Maspero, 3.

[186.1] Haltrich, 1 (Story No. 1). In a Wallachian variant the trees are apple-trees, the mother is only expelled, and the tremendous _Deus ex machinâ_ of the Transylvanian story is not brought upon the scene. Schott, 121 (Story No. 8). This is a later stage in the history of the tale. See also another variant, Schott, 332.

[187.1] Kremnitz, 30 (Story No. 3), from Slavici.

[187.2] iv. Pitrè, 328 (variant of Story No. 36).

[187.3] Day, 145 (Story No. 9).

[188.1] Wolf, _Deutsche Hausm._, 390.

[188.2] Maspero, xvi., quoting Rambaud, _La Russie Épique_.

[189.1] Luzel, iii. _Contes Pop._, 262.

[189.2] Wratislaw, 138 (Story No. 23), from Afanasief.

[190.1] Legrand, 107, from Sakellarios.

[190.2] i. Von Hahn, 268.

[191.1] ii. _Pentamerone_, 231 (Story No. 59).

[191.2] Frere, 79 (Story No. 6).

[191.3] Stokes, 138 (Story No. 21).

[192.1] Landes, _Tjames_, 79 (Story No. 10). It is abstracted in Miss Cox’s _Cinderella_, 299.

[193.1] A large number of these stories has been abstracted and commented on by M. Eugène Monseur, i. _Bulletin de F.L._, 89, to whose accurate and scholarly paper the reader is referred. See also Grimm, ii. _Tales_, 538; Countess Martinengo-Cesaresco, 9; Ellis, _Yoruba_, 134.

[194.1] i. Child, 118.

[195.1] Campbell, _Santal F.T._, 52, 106, 102. In a Basuto tale a mother, irritated by her daughter, commits a deadly assault upon her, and beats her body to dust. The wind of the desert carries the dust away to a lake, where a crocodile makes of it a woman to live with him in the lake. From time to time she comes up to the surface and calls to her sister, chanting the story of her wrongs. Casalis, 360.

[196.1] Theal, 138.

[196.2] Ralston, _Russian F.T._, 10, from Afanasief.

[197.1] Rink, 450.

[197.2] Landes, _Tjames_, 77.

[197.3] ii. Giles, 207. See also _ibid._, 119, 267, 279.

[198.1] i. Giles, 413.

[198.2] Countess Martinengo-Cesaresco, 24.

[198.3] Jacobs, _Celtic F.T._, 82, from xiii. _Celtic Mag._, 69. An Irish form of this story, manifestly later in its present form, derives the interlacing trees from stakes of yew passed through the bodies of the lovers when they were buried. Gaidoz, in iv. _Mélusine_, 12, citing _Transactions of the Gaelic Soc._, 1808.

[199.1] W. Spottiswoode, in ii. _Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N.S._, 248. See for other examples iv. and v. _Mélusine, passim._

[199.2] Zingerle, _Sagen_, 136.

[200.1] i. _Blätt. f. Pomm. Volksk._, 17. Other instances are cited there. Among the peasantry of the Riviera, thorns or nettles growing on a grave are a sign of the damnation of the dead; if other plants grow, he is happy; if a mixture, he is in purgatory. J. B. Andrews, in ix. _Rev. Trad. Pop._, 117.

[200.2] Featherman, _Tur._, 269; i. Macdonald, 229, citing Krapf.

[200.3] Hunter, _Rural Bengal_, 210.

[200.4] ix. _Rev. Trad. Pop._, 75, quoting Argensola, _Histoire de la Conquête des Isles Moluques_ (Amsterdam, 1706).

[201.1] Modigliani, 618.

[201.2] Grimm, _Teut. Myth._, 1811.

[201.3] viii. _Rev. Trad. Pop._, 279.

[202.1] Dorman, 293, citing Smith’s _Brazil_; Von den Steinen, 369.

[202.2] Callaway, in iv. _Journ. Anthr. Soc._, cxxxviii.

[203.1] Grant Allen, _Attis_, 33, and _passim._ See also Frazer, _Golden Bough, passim_; Bötticher, 254 _seqq._

[204.1] Callaway, _Rel. Syst._, 140.

[204.2] Le Page Renouf, in xvi. _Proc. Soc. Bibl. Arch._, 100.

[204.3] Ellis, _Yoruba_, 133, 134.

[204.4] Grabowsky, in ii. _Internat. Archiv._, 181, 187.

[205.1] Modigliani, 292, 277, 290, 293, 479. Is it too much to say that the Greek custom whereby the nearest relative received the dying breath in a kiss probably originated in a similar belief?

[205.2] Guppy, 54.

[205.3] Featherman, _Aoneo-Mar._, 236.

[205.4] Bourke, in ix. _Rep. Bur. Ethn._, 470, quoting Schultze, in _Smithsonian Report_ for 1867.

[205.5] Powers, 182; Knight, 109.

[206.1] Zingerle, _Sagen_, 137. Other examples on the following pages. Breton examples may be found in Le Braz, 122, 132, 270, 272, 417.

[208.1] Ovid, _Metam._, xiii. 697.

[209.1] Southey, ii. _Commonplace Bk._, 435, quoting Ward, i. _Hindoos_, 54.

[209.2] Gardner, in iv. _F.L. Journ._, 30.

[213.1] _Mabinogion_, 471. Cf. Prof. Rhys’ exposition of the story, _Hibbert Lectures_, 543.

[215.1] D’Arbois de Jubainville, _Cycle Myth._, 47, citing the _Leabhar na hUidhre_ and two other MSS.

[217.1] _Ibid._, 312. Finn mac Cumhail too had previously lived as Mongan. _Ibid._, 337.

[218.1] Powers, _Tribes of California_, iii. _Contrib. N. Amer. Ethn._, 299.

[218.2] _The Wooing of Emer_, translated by Prof. Kuno Meyer, i. _Arch. Rev._, 70.

[218.3] xxv. _Sacred Bks._, 329.

[219.1] _Grihya-Sûtra_ of Hiranyakesin, xxx. _Sacred Bks._, 211. _Grihya-Sûtra_ of Âsvalâyana, xxix. _Sacred Bks._, 183. Chinese ritual, in its insistence on the necessity of personation of the dead at solemn sacrifices by his grandson, or some one else of the same surname, points to the same doctrine. See especially The _Lî_-K_î_, xxvii. _Sacred Bks._, 337; xxviii. 243.

[219.2] Featherman, _Nigritians_, 447; Tylor, ii. _Prim. Cul._, 4; _Winwood Reade_, 539; Ploss, i. _Kind_, 259, citing Bastian. Ellis, _Yoruba_, 128, says the inquiry is made of a priest of Ifa, the god of divination. It is believed by one of the Ewe tribes, neighbours of the Yoruba, that the lower jaw is the only part of the body which a child derives from its mother, all the rest being from the ancestral _luwoo_ or _kra_. The father furnishes nothing. _Ibid._ 131 note.

[219.3] Burton, ii. _Wanderings_, 174.

[220.1] Ellis, _Tshi-speaking Peoples_, 149; _Ewe-speaking Peoples_, 114; Burton, ii. _Gelele_, 158; ii. _Wanderings_, 173.

[220.2] Macpherson, _Memorials_, 72, 92, 134. But see as to the Kols, who perform a similar ceremony without the same ancestral reference, Dalton, 295.

[221.1] Tylor, 184.

[221.2] _Ibid._, 36.

[221.3] Turner, _Samoa_, 16, 77, 78; _Polynesia_, 174, 178, 238.

[222.1] xviii. _Journ. Anthr. Inst._, 311.

[222.2] Tylor, ii. _Prim. Cul._, 4.

[222.3] Featherman, _Aoneo-Mar._, 31, 392; iii. Bancroft, 517. See also Tylor, ii. _Prim. Cul._, 3; Niblack, in _Rep. Nat. Mus._ (1888), 369.

[222.4] Liebrecht, 311.

[223.1] iii. Bancroft, 517. Did Bancroft read his authority aright? Tylor, citing Waitz, states that it was the child who bore not only the name but the rank of the deceased. I have preferred to cite Bancroft both because the statement is second-hand, instead of third-hand (I have no access to the original), and because it tells somewhat less strongly in favour of the argument.

[223.2] Bourke, in ix. _Rep. Bur. Ethn._, 470, quoting Schultze, _Fetichism_ (New York, 1885).

[223.3] iii. _Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N.S._, 188, 375; Von den Steinen, 334, 434.

[223.4] Featherman, _Dravidians_, 491.

[223.5] Placucci, 78, 23. The reason, however, may be derived from the belief that to bestow the name is to bestow a part of the life of the original owner of the name, who would thus lose it. The same ambiguity attaches to a superstition in the province of Posen (Polish Prussia), where, if a child die and the next year another child be born, it must not receive the name of the dead child lest it also die. iii. _Zeits. f. Volksk._, 233. This would seem to amount to complete identity, or else to some evil influence in the name, or perhaps to a mistake as to the identity on the part of some malicious spirit who had a spite against the dead child. At Chemnitz, if the first children take their parents’ names they die before the parents. Grimm, _Teut. Myth._, 1778. These cases want further inquiry. As to the renewal of family names by giving them to children, see Tylor, ii. _Prim. Cul._, 4; Kaindl, 6; Finamore, _Trad. Pop. Abr._, 74.

[224.1] Pigorini-Beri, 83.

[224.2] E. H. Man, in xii. _Journ. Anthr. Inst._, 155.

[224.3] Burton, _Wit and Wisdom_, 376.

[224.4] _Relations des Jésuites_ (1636), translated by Miss Nora Thomas, v. _Rep. Bur. Ethn._, 114, 111.

[225.1] Tylor, ii. _Prim. Cul._, 3; i. Crantz, 161, 200; Rink, 44, 54, 64, 434; vi. _Rep. Bur. Ethn._, 612. _Ante,_ pp. 75, 196.

ERRATA

[_Copied from volume III in the series_]

p. 57, note 1, for 217 read 178

p. 61, last line but one, for _fisherman_ read _merchant_

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

The title page is used as a cover.

Page numbers are given in {curly} brackets. Endnotes markers are given in [square] brackets in the plain text version.

Minor spelling inconsistencies (_e.g._ newborn/new-born, Panjâb/Panjáb/Panjab, pomegranate-flower/pomegranate flower, etc.) have been preserved.

Alterations to the text:

Convert footnotes to endnotes. Relabel note markers: append the original note number to the page number.

Create errata page and copy corrigenda from volume III. Apply errata.

Add errata and endnotes entries to TOC.

[List of Works]

Move the LOW to the end of the main text and adjust the TOC accordingly.

A few trivial punctuation and italics corrections.

Change “Am Urquell. Am Urquell. _Monatschrift_ für _Volkkunde_” to _Monatsschrift_ and _Volkskunde_, respectively.

“Blätt. f. Pomm. … _Monatschrift_ für Sage” to _Monatsschrift_.

“Saxo Grammaticus translated by Oliver Elton, B.A. _Londo_ 1894” to _London_ followed by a comma.

[Chapter IV]

“a duke dressed, like _Mackineely_ in the Irish tale” to _MacKineely_.

[Chapter V]

“This is a _quesion_ of apologetics, not of folklore” to _question_.

[Chapter VI]

“or if taken by a man, they will _enchance_ his potency” to _enhance_.

[Chapter VII]

“Accordingly certain kinds, of fish are not eaten” delete comma.

“was called Tuan, son of Carell He lived not only” add period after _Carell_.

“bearing on the legend of Perseus, _But_ some account” to _but_.

[Endnotes]

(p. 187, note 2) “iv. _Pitré_, 328 (variant of Story No. 36)” to _Pitrè_.

[End of text]