Chapter II: Part 2

_Iste sunt prophetie diuerse a diuersis prophetate de ~Sexto Hibernie~[88], qui vocatur Dominus ~[here there is an erasure in the MS.]~ Rex ~Anglie~ et ~Francie~ et ~Sextus~ Dominus ~Hibernie~, de quo Prophetie sunt notate. ~Hermerus~ Dominus sapientum. Anno a Creatione mundi sex M.CCC et IIII.ˣˣ[89] ~Lilium~ regnans in nobiliore mundi mouebit se contra senem leonem, et veniet in terram eius inter spinas regni sui, et circumdabit filium leonis illo anno ferens feras in brachio suo. Cuius regnum erit in terra lune timendus per vniuersum mundum potestate agentis principalis, cum magno exercitu suo transiet aquas et gradietur in terram leonis carentis auxilio, quia bestie regionis sue iam dentibus suis eius pellem dilaceraverint. Illo anno veniet Aquila a parte orientali, alis extensis super solem, cum multitudine pullorum suorum, in adiutorium Filii hominis. Illo anno Aquila destruetur. Amor magnus erit in mundo. Una die in quadam parte leonis erit bellum inter plures reges crudeles, quod usque ad diem illum non viderunt homines; illa die erit sanguinis diluvium, et perdet Lilium coronam solis, quam accepit Aquila, de qua Filius hominis postmodum coronabitur. Per quatuor annos sequentes fient multa in mundo prelia inter omnes homines fidem tenentes, quia illo tempore credenda sunt. Omnia tunc erint communia. Maior pars mundi destruetur, caput mundi erit ad terram declinatum. Filius hominis et Aquila relevabunt ille ~[sic]~, et tunc erit pax in toto orbe terrarum, et copia fructuum, et filius hominis mare transiet, et portabit signum mirabile ad terram promissionis, sed prima causa sibi permissa remanebit._

_Item versus illius sompniatoris viri religiosi, per quos versus cognoscitur ~Sextus Hiberniæ~._

_Illius imperium gens barbara senciet illum,_
_~Roma~ volet tanto principe digna dici,_
_Conferet hic ~Rome~ plus laudis quam sibi ~Roma~,_
_Plus dabit hic orbi quam dabit orbis ei._

_Versus vaticinales de ~Normannia~, de eodem ~Sexto~._

_~Anglia~ transmittet Leopardum lilia Galli,_
_Qui pede calcabit Cancrum cum fratre superbo,_
_Ungues diripient Leopardi Gallica regna,_
_Circulus inuictus circumdabit unde peribunt._
_~Anglia~ regnabit, ~Vasconia~ porta redibit_
_Ad iuga consueta Leopardi ~Flandria~ magna_
_Flumina concipient que confundent genetricem._
_Lilia marcescent, Leopardi posse vigebit,_
_Ecclesie sub quo libertas prima redibit._
_Huic ~Babilon~ veniet truces aras non teret omnes,_
_~Acon Ierusalem~ Leopardi posse redempte,_
_Ad cultum fidei gaudebunt se redituras,_
_Imperium mundi sub quo dabit hic heremita._

_Versus cuiusdem nomine ~Gildas~, per quantum tempus regnabit idem ~Sextus~._

_Ter tria lustra tenent cum semi tempora ~Sexti~,_
_En vagus in prima perdet, sub fine resumet,_
_Multa rapit medio volitans sub fine secundi,_
_Orbem submittet reliquo, clerumque reducet_
_Ad statum primum, post hoc renouat loca sancta_
_Hinc terram spernens secundo ethere scandit._

In another MS.[90] in the Library of _Trinity College, Dublin_, there is preserved a Prophecy in which _Sextus_ of _Ireland_ is also mentioned, and which, as the Editor is informed by his learned Friend _John Holmes_, Esq., of the _British Museum_, occurs also in the _Arundel_ MS. 57, fol. 4, b., where it is entitled, “_Versus Gylde de Prophetia Aquile_.”

It will suffice to quote from this Prophecy the Lines where _Sextus_ is mentioned.

_~Sextus Hybernensis~ milleno milite cinctus,_
_Hostibus expulsis castra relicta petet,_
_Menia subversa vix antrix apta ferarum_
_Pinget et eiectus bubo necabit apem._

Ibid.

þe witt is our kyng wiþ his children.

“_The witt_,” i. e. the Meaning; alluding probably to the Interpretation given of this part of the Prophecy by _Alanus de Insulis_, who supposes the then reigning King Henry II. and his Sons to be intended; his Words are[91]:—

_~Henricus~ qui nunc in ~Anglia~ regnat, quinque filios suscepit ex Regina conjuge sua, quorum unus mortuus est, quatuor vero supersunt. Habuit et sextum ex concubina, qui clericus est, magnæ, ut aiunt, juxta ætatem, probitatis. Hic itaque vel sextus dicetur Henrici Regis filius, si mortuus ille quem habuit ex Regina inter alios computetur, vel quintus, si soli superstites a propheta numerantur, et alius adhuc expectandus, quem hic ~Sextum~ appellat. Possumus tamen sextum istum intelligere, qui in ~Anglia~ regnaturus sit post quatuor istos, et alium quintum quicunque ille sit, hoc est sive istorum frater, sive non, de quo dicitur quod ~Hyberniæ~ sit mænia subversurus, excisurus nemora, et in planitiem mutaturus diversas portiones, id est regna diversa, non est enim unum regnum, sed plura, ad unum regnum reducturus, ejusque coronam, assumpta feritate et fortitudine leonina, suo capite impositurus._

Ibid. line 9.

Sibille acordiþ herto.

The Verses of “Sibille” here quoted are to be found in a large Collection of other Prophecies of the same character, in a Manuscript[92] of the fourteenth Century, preserved in the Library of _Trinity College, Dublin_. The Editor is also enabled, through the Kindness of Mr. _Holmes_, to give here a complete Copy of them from the _Cotton MS. Claud._ B. vii., collated with the _Arundel_ MS. 57, fol. In this latter MS. which is written, as Mr. _Holmes_ conjectures, in a Hand of about the Year 1350, and also in the _Dublin_ MS. the Line _Terræ motus, &c._ comes immediately before the Line _Millenis ducentenis_. The other various Readings are given in the Margin; A. denoting the _Arundel_, and D. the _Dublin_ Manuscript.

“_SYBILLA de eventibus regnorum et eorum Regum ante finem mundi._”[93]

_~Gallorum~ lenitas ~Germanos~ iustificabit,_
_~Italiæ~ gravitas ~Gallos~ confusa necabit._
_Succumbet ~Gallus~[94], ~Aquilæ~ victricia[95] signa_
_Mundus adorabit,[96] erit urbs sub[97] presule digna._
_Millenis ducentenis nonaginta sub annis,_
_Et tribus[98] adiunctis, consurget aquila grandis._
_Terræ motus erunt, quos[99] non procul[100] auguror esse._
_~Constantine~ cades, et equi de marmore facti,_
_Et lapis erectus, et multa palatia ~Rome~._
_Papa cito moritur, ~Cesar~ regnabit ubique,_
_Sub quo tunc vana cessabit gloria[101] cleri._
_Anno millesimo C.ter vicesimo v. dabit ether_
_Blada vina fractus fiet pro principe luctus;_
_Una columpna cadet, quæ terram schismate tradet,_
_Gens periet subito, ~Petro~ testante perito._

The last four Verses occur only in the _Dublin_ MS., and seem to contain an Allusion to the Prophetical Doctrines of _Peter John_, or rather of his Followers. The Date intended is probably 1325, taking “_C.ter_” for CCC; and that this Year was one of the Eras fixed by the _Beguins_ for the Revelation of Antichrist, appears from the _Liber Sententiarum Inquisitionis Tholosanæ_, published by Limborch[102]; for Example _Petrus Moresii_, a Beguin, _receptus ad tercium ordinem Sancti Francisci conjugatus_, was examined by the Inquisitors on the 8th of April, 1322, and declares, _Credidit et credebat firmiter, tempore quo captus fuit, quod Antichristus esset venturus, et consumpmaturus cursum suum, infra annum quo computabitur incarnacio Domini M.CCC.XXV._

The Verses, as quoted by our Author, are very corrupt in the Original MS. The Editor has therefore ventured to alter “_viccus_” into “_victricia_;” “_urbis_” into “_urbs_,” and “_tessabit_” into “_cessabit_.”

Ibid. last line.

elispirid.

This Word is very probably corrupt, although _Lewis_, who appears to have received from _Dublin_ a Transcript of this Tract, or copious Extracts, does not seem to have considered it so, for he has inserted the Word in his _Glossary_, and quotes for it only the Authority of the Passage before us; he says[103],

“_Elispired_, perhaps for _expired_. _Secular power of the Hooly Goost expired_, alluding to the secular Power the Popes have. For having quoted four Verses of _Sibille_, one of which is: _Papa cito moritur, Cæsar regnabit ubique_, _Wiclif_ adds, _thei that treten this Verse of ~Sibille~, alle that I have seen, accorden in this, that secular power of the Hooly Goost elispired._”

PAGE xxxiv. line 13.

þe wordis of Josue 2. cᵒ. þe þridde.

The Editor is unable to explain this Reference.

Ibid. line 17.

þe Mayster of Scholys rehersiþ.

_Peter Comestor_, Chancellor of the Cathedral of Paris in 1164, and Author of the _Historia Scholastica_, is the Person here called _Master of Schools_. The Passage referred to occurs in the _Hist. Schol._ on the third Book of Kings, _cap. viii._ (not _cap. v._ as quoted by our Author), and is as follows[104]:—

_Fabulantur ~Iudei~ ad eruderandos lapidei celerius habuisse ~Salomonem~ sanguinem vermiculi qui ~Tamir~ dicitur: quo aspersa marmora facile secabantur, quem invenit hoc modo. ¶ Erat ~Salomoni~ strutio habens pullum, et inclusus est pullus sub vase vitreo. Quem cum videret strutio, sed habere nequiret: de deserto tulit vermiculum: cuius sanguine liniuit vitrum, et fractum est._

The same Story with the very same mystical Application of it which is made by our Author, is given by _Peter Berchorius_ in his _Reductorium morale_, who quotes from _Gervase_ of _Tilbury_. This latter Writer, as we learn from _Berchorius_, took the Story from _Peter Comestor_, and being an Englishman, was most probably the immediate Source from which the Author of the Tract before us derived it, especially as _Gervase_ wrote upwards of a Century before _Berchorius_, who died in 1362. The Editor has not had an Opportunity of consulting the Work of _Gervase_ of _Tilbury_, but it is probable that _Berchorius_ has done little more than extract his Words.[105]

_De struthione mirabile quid ponit ~Geruasius~, et videtur accipere de Historia Scholastica. Dicunt ~Iudæi~ (ut ait) quod cum ~Salomon~ templum ædificaret, ut lapides citius sculperentur, inclusit pullum struthionis in vase vitreo, quem cum struthio habere nequiret, ad desertum iuit, et exinde vermem qui ~Thamus~ dicitur, apportauit, cuius sanguine vitrum liniuit; fractoque statim vitro, pullum recuperauit. Quo agnito ~Salomon~ de sanguine illorum vermium lapides templi fecit liniri, et sic faciliter potuerunt imprimi vel sculpi. Idem verò ~Geruasius~ dicit ~Romæ~ in quodam antiquo palatio fialam liquore lacteo plenam, esse inuentam, quo liniti lapides facillimè sculpebantur. Talis vermis videtur fuisse ~Christus~. Pullus enim Struthionis, i. homo (qui erat per creationem pullus, et filius Dei Patris) fuerat incarceratus, et carceri culpæ et pœnæ, a mundi principio destinatus. Struthio ergo, i. Deus Pater, a deserto paradisi, vermem, i. Christum hominem factum, adduxit, et ipsum per passionem occidit, vel occidi permisit, et sic cum isto sanguine portas carceris infernalis fregit, et pullum suum hominem liberavit._ Zac. 9. _Tu autem in sanguine testamenti tui eduxisti vinctos tuos de lacu. Igitur quicunque voluerit lapidem, quicunque cor suum durum et lapideum, per contritionem scindere, et per conversationem sculpere decreuerit, adhibeat sanguinem huius vermis, i. dominicæ passionis memoriam, et liquorem lacteum memoriæ suæ benedictæ, et sic nunquam erit ita durum aut obstinatum, quin recipiat contritionis scissuram, et correctionis sculpturam._ Ezech. 36. _Auferam cor lapideum de carne vestra, et dabo vobis cor carneum._

The same Story occurs in some Copies of the _Gesta Romanorum_[106], where the Artifice by which the Worm “_thumare_,” (as it is there called,) was detected, is ascribed to the Emperor _Diocletian_ of _Rome_. See _Swan’s_ Translation of the _Gesta Romanorum_, vol. 1. Introd. p. lxiv.

The Name of the Worm, to which the marvellous Property of breaking Stones is ascribed, is corruptly given by the foregoing Authorities. It is called by the Jews, not _tamir_, or _thamus_, but _schamir_ (שמיר), and frequent Allusions to it occur in the Rabbinical Writers. The original Story is to be found in the _Talmud_, and seems intended to explain what we read 1 Kings, vi. 7, that _neither Hammer nor Axe nor any Tool of Iron_ was heard in the Temple of _Solomon_ while it was in building. The following[107] is an abridged Account of the original Legend: _Solomon_, when about to build the Temple, perceived by his Wisdom, that it would be more acceptable to GOD, if built of Stones upon which no Tool of Iron had ever been raised. Whereupon he inquired of the Rabbis how this was to be effected.—They told him that he must procure the Worm _Schamir_, by the Help of which _Moses_ had cut the Stones of the High Priest’s Breastplate. _Solomon_ then inquired where this Worm was to be found. The Rabbis confessed their Ignorance, but advised him to summon certain Devils, and compel them, by Torments, to make the Discovery; this was done, and the Devils answered, that _Aschmedai_, the King of the Devils, alone, could tell where the Worm _Schamir_ was to be found. Accordingly, _Benaiah_, Son of _Jehoiada_, was sent with a Chain on which the Name of GOD was inscribed, to bind _Aschmedai_, and bring him before _Solomon_. It took some Time to capture _Aschmedai_, and a long Account is given of the Difficulties of the Undertaking. At Length, on the third Day, he is brought to _Solomon_, who asks him for the _Schamir_. _Aschmedai_ answers, It is not in my Keeping; but _Sara-Dima_ (the Angel that presides over the Sea) has it, and he will entrust it only to the Wild-Hen (תרנגולא), from whom he exacts an Oath for its safe Return. _Solomon_ asked what the Wild-Hen did with the _Schamir_; the Dæmon answered, She brings the Worm to the Rocky Mountains, destitute of Grass and Verdure, and by its means she breaks down their Rocks; she then carries up the Seeds of Trees, and thus the Mountains, once Barren, become covered with Woods. Having obtained this Information, _Solomon_ sought out the Nest of the Wild-Hen, and enclosed it, with her Young Ones, in a Covering of transparent Crystal. The Wild-Hen, on her Return, seeing her Nest and Young Ones, but finding herself unable to enter it, flew away, and soon after returned with the Worm _Schamir_; whereupon _Solomon’s_ Servants, who had been lying in Wait for her, set up a great Shout, which so terrified her, that she dropped the Worm, and thus _Solomon_ obtained Possession of it. The Wild-Hen, however, flew away, and hanged herself, for having lost the Worm, and broken her Oath. See _Eisenmenger_, _Entdecktes Judenthum_ Theil, I. p. 350. _Johan. Christoph. Wagenseilii Sota_, p. 1072, and _Buxtorfii Lexicon Chald. et Talmud._ _in voce_ שמיר.

PAGE xxxv. line 1.

aftir þe talis of iewis of Salamon.

That is, “reherseth, after, or according to, the Tales or Legends of the _Jews_, concerning _Solomon_.”

Ibid. line 8.

Þe glass to barst.

_To_, perhaps for “al to,” _statim_, _penitus_. Thus in our _English_ Version of the Bible, (Judg. ix. 53.) “And a certain Woman cast a Piece of a Millstone upon _Abimelech’s_ Head, and al to brake his Skull.”

Ibid. line 14.

þe on & twenty Salme. 2i.

The Editor is not sure that he has rightly deciphered the Letters represented by “2i;” he once thought they were “xi,” but this seemed inexplicable, and he now believes them to be an Attempt of a very ignorant Transcriber to represent in _Arabic_ Numerals the Number of the Psalm referred to.

PAGE xxxvi. line 15.

Poul writiþ to þe romayns.

This Reference belongs to what goes before, not to what follows. _Mr. Vaughan_, in his _Life of Wycliffe_[108], not perceiving this, has altered the Text to make the Sense perfect, and quotes the Passage thus: “So, when we were sinful, and the Children of Wrath, God’s Son came out of Heaven, and praying His Father for His Enemies, He died for us. Then much rather shall we be saved, now we are made righteous through His Blood. St. Paul writeth to the _Romans_, that _Jesus_ should pray for us, and that He went into Heaven to appear in the Presence of God for us. The same also he writeth to the _Hebrews_, the which Presence may He grant us to behold, who liveth and reigneth without End.—Amen.”

Mr. _Vaughan_, however, does not tell his Readers what Passage of the Epistle to the _Romans_, occurring, also, in the Epistle to the _Hebrews_, he supposes our Author to have quoted. There exists, in Fact, no such Passage; nor does the Text stand in Need of any Emendation. The References, in both Cases, come after the Passages quoted; and this removes all the Difficulty which Mr. _Vaughan_ appears to have found in the Reading of the original Manuscript.

FINIS.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Milner, Hist. of the Church, vol. iv. p. 121. Lond. 1819.

[2] Cent. vi. p. 450.

[3] The Hist. of the Life of _John Wiclif_, D.D. By _John Lewis_, M.A. Oxf. 1820.

[4] Memoirs of _Wiclif_. By the Rev. _H. H. Baber_, M.A. 4to. Lond. 1810.

[5] The Life of _John de Wycliffe_, D.D. By _Robert Vaughan_. Lond. 1831.

[6] The Life of _Wiclif_. By _Chas. W. Le Bas_, M.A. Lond. 1832.

[7] Appendix ad Histor. Litterar. Cl. V. _Gul. Cave._ vol. ii. p. 63. Fol. Oxon. 1743.

[8] See _Page_ xxxi.

[9] _Vaughan’s_ Life of _Wycliffe_. Vol. i. p. 255. Note. _2nd Edit._

[10] _Balæus_, De Script. Brytanniæ. _Cent._ vi. p. 453.

[11] _Lewis_, Life of _Wiclif_, p. 195.

[12] _Bale_, _U.S._ p. 454.

[13] _Lewis_, p. 205. No. 148.

[14] See _Nichols’_ Autographs, _Plate 44_. No. 5.

[15] British Magazine, _vol._ vii. p. 532, and p. 690. _Vol._ viii. p. 267, and p. 402.

[16] Ps. 106.

[17] Joachim.

[18] Psal. 90.

[19] Bernard.

[20] Joachim.

[21] Eusebi.

[22] Bede.

[23] Haymound.

[24] Joachim.

[25] Bede.

[26] Joachim.

[27] Act. 8.

[28] Antecrist.

[29] Bede.

[30] Joachim.

[31] Nota.

[32] Joachim.

[33] Joachim.

[34] Carnotensis, in Polycratico.

[35] In lib. 8ᵒ.

[36] Merlyn Ambrose.

[37] Sibille.

[38] Mayster of Scholys.

[39] Psal. 21.

[40] Zach. 9.

[41] Rom. v.

[42] Heb. 9.

[43] _Ryley_, Placita Parliam. p. 379.

[44] _Statutes of the Realm_, Vol. i. _Lond._ 1810, p. 150.

[45] _Ibid._ p. 316. _Gibson’s_ Codex, p. 65. _2nd Edit._

[46] _Glossarium_, in voc.

[47] _Coke_: Part i. lib. ii. c. 12, sect. 215.

[48] _Statutes of the Realm_, vol. ii. p. 70, 71. _Lond._ 1816.

[49] _Ibid._ p. 48.

[50] See _Gibson_, Codex, Tit. xxxv. p. 824. _Godolphin_, Repertorium, c. xxx. _Ayliffe_, Parergon, p. 63.

[51] Stat. 25, _Hen._ VIII. c. 21. _Gibson’s_ Codex, p. 87.

[52] Vit. _Joach._ c. v. _Acta Sanctorum, Maii_ tom. vii. p. 103.

[53] MS. _Harleian_. Num. 1280. 8. fol. 227.

[54] _Rev._ xi. 3, xii. 6.

[55] See the _Beguin_ Confessions in the _Liber Sententiar. Inquis. Tolos._ pp. 298, 303, published by _Limborch. Hist. Inquisit._

[56] _Tract. de Antichristo_, fol. 48, b.

[57] See p. xxvii, _et seq._

[58] _Fox’s_ Acts and Monuments, vol. i. p. 545. _Lond._ fol. 1684.

[59] _Opp. S. Bernardi._ Ed. Bened. p. 1396. C. tom. iv.

[60] In Cant. Serm. xxxiii. s. 15.

[61] Cant. Tales. v. 3041.

[62] _Wallisii_ Gram. Anglic. p. 86. _Lond._ 8vo. 1765.

[63] Cant. Tales, v. 1689.

[64] _Ibid._ v. 13666, 7.

[65] Opp. B. _Hieronymi_. tom. viii. Ed. _Vallarsii_.

[66] Sacræ Hist. lib. ii. p. 95, 12mo. Amstel. 1695.

[67] Catech. vi. 14.

[68] _Library of the Fathers_, (vol. ii. Transl.) 8vo. _Oxford_, 1838, p. 68.

[69] Matt. xviii. 19.

[70] Opp. B. Cyril. fol. Par. 1720, p. 96.

[71] Tom. i. p. 176.

[72] Sibyllina Oracula ex vett. Codd. Aucta, &c. a Joh. Ops. Brettanno, 8vo. Paris, 1607, p. 515.

[73] _Statutes of the Realm_, vol. i. p. 316.

[74] _Gibson’s_ Codex, p. 65.

[75] B. _Hieron._ in Matt. xxi. 12, 13, tom. vii. Ed. _Vallarsii_, 4to. _Venet._ 1769, Col. 162.

[76] _Polycrat._ p. 491. _Lugd. Bat._ 1639, 8vo.

[77] _Ibid._ p. 635.

[78] See _Boccacio_ Decameron, _Giorn_, 1ᵐᵃ.

[79] _Caxton’s Chronicle_, fol. Lond. 1528, fol. c.xxiii.a.

[80] Fol. cxxiii. d.

[81] Chron. _sub._ _an._ 1348, vol. ii. p. 378-9. Lond. 1587.

[82] _Ibid._ p. 379.

[83] _D’Achery_, Spicileg. tom. iii. p. 109, sq.

[84] _Ibid._ p. 110.

[85] De event. _Angliæ_. (Apud x. Script.) Col. 2580.

[86] See p. xxxi.

[87] _Galf. Monmuthen_. lib. vii. c. 3, ap. _Rer. Brittan. Scriptores._ p. 50. _Heidelb._ 1587.

[88] _Cod._ MS. _in Bibl._ Coll. SS. Trin. Dubl. _Cl._ B. _Tab._ 2, _No._ 7, fol. 209.

[89] Vid. _Contin. altera Chronici_ Gul. de Nangis, _ap._ Dacherii _Spicil._ t. iii. 104, _where this Prophecy is attributed to_ Johannes de Muis.

[90] _Cod._ MS. _in Bibl._ Coll. SS. Trin. Dubl. _Class._ E. _Tab._ 5, _No._ 10, fol. xliii.

[91] _Prophetia Anglicana_ vii. Libris explanationum _Alani de Insulis_. Francof. 1603. 12ᵐᵒ. lib. iii. p. 91.

[92] _Cod. MS. in Biblioth._ Coll. SS. Trin. Dublin. Class. E. Tab. 5, No. 10.

[93] _Deest titul. in Cod. Dublin._

[94] _Gallus_ succumbet. A. D.

[95] Victoria. D.

[96] Abhorrebit. D.

[97] Vox. D.

[98] Aliis. D.

[99] Erit, quem. A.

[100] Plus. A.

[101] Cessabunt gaudia. D.

[102] Limborch. _Hist. Inquisit._ ad fin. p. 303.

[103] Hist. of the Life of _Wiclif._ Oxf. 1820. (_Table of obsolete Words_; in voc.)

[104] _Petri Comestoris_ Hist. Schol. 8ᵒ. Florent. 1526. _fol._ cxvii.

[105] Berchorii _Red. Mor._ lib. xiv. c. 60. n. 4. p. 658. fol. Venet. 1683.

[106] _Gesta Romanorum_, &c. translated from the Latin by the Rev. _Charles Swan_. 2 vols. 12ᵒ. _London_, 1824.

[107] _Talmud Babyl._ Tract. _Gittin._ fol. 68. col. 1, 2.

[108] _Vol._ i. p. 259. 2nd Edit.