Chapter LXVIII: Letter LXV: {549b} (2)

{48d} William Congreve’s last play was produced in 1700. In 1710, when he was forty, he published a collected edition of his works. Swift and Congreve had been schoolfellows at Kilkenny, and they had both been pupils of St. George Ashe—afterwards Bishop of Clogher—at Trinity College, Dublin. On Congreve’s death, in 1729, Swift wrote, “I loved him from my youth.”

{49a} See p. 19.

{49b} Dean Sterne.

{49c} See p. 38.

{49d} When he became Dean he withheld from Swift the living of St. Nicholas Without, promised in gratitude for the aid rendered by Swift in his election.

{49e} Crowe was a Commissioner for Appeals from the Revenue Commissioners for a short time in 1706, and was Recorder of Blessington, Co. Wicklow. In his _Short Character of Thomas_, _Earl of Wharton_, 1710, Swift speaks of Whartons “barbarous injustice to . . . poor Will Crowe.”

{50a} See p. 9.

{50b} See p. 13.

{50c} See p. 3.

{50d} Richard Tighe, M.P. for Belturbet, was a Whig, much disliked by Swift. He became a Privy Councillor under George I.

{51a} Dryden Leach, of the Old Bailey, formerly an actor, was son of Francis Leach. Swift recommended Harrison to employ Leach in printing the continuation of the _Tatler_; but Harrison discarded him. (See _Journal_, Jan. 16, 1710–11, and Timperley’s _Literary Anecdotes_, 600, 631).

{51b} The _Postman_, which appeared three days in the week, written by M. Fonvive, a French Protestant, whom Dunton calls “the glory and mirror of news writers, a very grave, learned, orthodox man.” Fonvive had a universal system of intelligence, at home and abroad, and “as his news is early and good, so his style is excellent.”

{51c} Sir William Temple left Esther Johnson the lease of some property in Ireland.

{52a} See p. 27.

{52b} An out-of-the-way or obscure house. So Pepys (_Diary_, Oct. 15, 1661) “To St. Paul’s Churchyard to a blind place where Mr. Goldsborough was to meet me.”

{52c} Sir Richard Temple, Bart., of Stowe, a Lieutenant-General who saw much service in Flanders, was dismissed in 1713 owing to his Whig views, but on the accession of George I. was raised to the peerage, and was created Viscount Cobham in 1718. He died in 1749. Congreve wrote in praise of him, and he was the “brave Cobham” of Pope’s first _Moral Essay_.

{52d} Richard Estcourt, the actor, died in August 1712, when his abilities on the stage and as a talker were celebrated by Steele to No. 468 of the _Spectator_. See also _Tatler_, Aug. 6, 1709, and _Spectator_, May 5, 1712. Estcourt was “providore” of the Beef-Steak Club, and a few months before his death opened the Bumper Tavern in James Street, Covent Garden.

{52e} See p. 32.

{52f} Poor, mean. Elsewhere Swift speaks of “the corrector of a hedge press in Little Britain,” and “a little hedge vicar.”

{52g} Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of Pembroke, was Lord Lieutenant from April 1707 to December 1708. A nobleman of taste and learning, he was, like Swift, very fond of punning, and they had been great friends in Ireland.

{53a} See p. 9.

{53b} See p. 10.

{53c} A small town and fortress in what is now the Pas de Calais.

{53d} Richard Stewart, third son of the first Lord Mountjoy (see p. 2), was M.P. at various times for Castlebar, Strabane, and County Tyrone. He died in 1728.

{54a} See p. 7.

{54b} Swift, Esther Johnson, and Mrs. Dingley seem to have begun their financial year on the 1st of November. Swift refers to “MD’s allowance” in the _Journal_ for April 23, 1713.

{55a} Samuel Dopping, an Irish friend of Stella’s, who was probably related to Anthony Dopping, Bishop of Meath (died 1697), and to his son Anthony (died 1743), who became Bishop of Ossory.

{55b} See p. 6.

{55c} The wife of Alderman Stoyte, afterwards Lord Mayor of Dublin. Mrs. Stoyte and her sister Catherine; the Walls; Isaac Manley and his wife; Dean Sterne, Esther Johnson and Mrs. Dingley, and Swift, were the principal members of a card club which met at each other’s houses for a number of years.

{55d} See p. 2.

{56a} “This cypher stands for Presto, Stella, and Dingley; as much as to say, it looks like us three quite retired from all the rest of the world” (Deane Swift).

{56b} Steele’s “dear Prue,” Mary Scurlock, whom he married as his second wife in 1707, was a lady of property and a “cried-up beauty.” She was somewhat of a prude, and did not hesitate to complain to her husband, in and out of season, of his extravagance and other weaknesses. The other lady to whom Swift alludes is probably the Duchess of Marlborough.

{56c} See p. 46.

{56d} Remembers: an Irish expression.

{57a} This new Commission, signed by Narcissus Marsh, Archbishop of Armagh, and William King, was dated Oct. 24, 1710. In this document Swift was begged to take the full management of the business of the First-Fruits into his hands, the Bishops of Ossory and Killala—who were to have joined with him in the negotiations—having left London before Swift arrived. But before this commission was despatched the Queen had granted the First-Fruits and Twentieth Parts to the Irish clergy.

{57b} Lady Mountjoy, wife of the second Viscount Mountjoy (see p. 2), was Anne, youngest daughter of Murrough Boyle, first Viscount Blessington, by his second wife, Anne, daughter of Charles Coote, second Earl of Mountrath. After Lord Mountjoy’s death she married John Farquharson, and she died in 1741.

{58a} Forster suggests that Swift wrote “Frond” or “Frowde” and there is every reason to believe that this was the case. No Colonel Proud appears in Dalton’s _Army Lists_. A Colonel William Frowde, apparently third son of Sir Philip Frowde, Knight, by his third wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir John Ashburnham, was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel in Colonel Farrington’s (see 59) Regiment of Foot in 1694. He resigned his commission on his appointment to the First Life Guards in 1702, and he was in this latter regiment in 1704. In November and December 1711 Swift wrote of Philip Frowde the elder (Colonel William Frowde’s brother) as “an old fool,” in monetary difficulties. It is probable that Swift’s Colonel Proud (? Frowde) was not Colonel William Frowde, but his nephew, Philip Frowde, junior, who was Addison’s friend at Oxford, and the author of two tragedies and various poems. Nothing seems known of Philip Frowde’s connection with the army, but he is certainly called “Colonel” by Swift, Addison, and Pope (see Forster’s _Swift_, 159; Addison’s _Works_, v. 324; Pope’s _Works_, v. 177, vi. 227). Swift wrote to Ambrose Philips in 1705, “Col. Frond is just as he was, very friendly and _grand rêveur et distrait_. He has brought his poems almost to perfection.” It will be observed that when Swift met Colonel “Proud” he was in company with Addison, as was also the case when he was with Colonel “Freind” (p. 11).

{58b} Charles Davenant, LL.D., educated at Balliol College, Oxford, was the eldest son of Sir William Davenant, author of _Gondibert_. In Parliament he attacked Ministerial abuses with great bitterness until, in 1703, he was made secretary to the Commissioners appointed to treat for a union with Scotland. To this post was added, in 1705, an Inspector-Generalship of Exports and Imports, which he retained until his death in 1714. _Tom Double_, a satire on his change of front after obtaining his place, was published in 1704. In a Note on Macky’s character of Davenant, Swift says, “He ruined his estate, which put him under a necessity to comply with the times.” Davenant’s _True Picture of a Modern Whig_, _in Two Parts_, appeared in 1701–2; in 1707 he published _The True Picture of a Modern Whig revived_, _set forth in a third dialogue between Whiglove and Double_, which seems to be the piece mentioned in the text, though Swift speaks of the pamphlet as “lately put out.”

{58c} Hugh Chamberlen, the younger (1664–1728), was a Fellow of the College of Physicians and Censor in 1707, 1717, and 1721. Atterbury and the Duchess of Buckingham and Normanby were among his fashionable patients. His father, Hugh Chamberlen, M.D., was the author of the Land Bank Scheme of 1693–94.

{58d} Sir John Holland (see p. 11).

{59a} Swift may mean either rambling or gambolling.

{59b} Thomas Farrington was appointed Colonel of the newly raised 29th Regiment of Foot in 1702. He was a subscriber for a copy of the _Tatler_ on royal paper (Aitken, _Life of Steele_, i. 329, 330).

{59c} In _The History of Vanbrugh’s House_, Swift described everyone as hunting for it up and down the river banks, and unable to find it, until at length they—

“— in the rubbish spy
A thing resembling a goose pie.”

Sir John Vanbrugh was more successful as a dramatist than as an architect, though his work at Blenheim and elsewhere has many merits.

{59d} For the successes of the last campaign.

{60a} John Sheffield, third Earl of Mulgrave, was created Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703, and died in 1721. On Queen Anne’s accession he became Lord Privy Seal, and on the return of the Tories to power in 1710 he was Lord Steward, and afterward (June 1710) Lord President of the Council. The Duke was a poet, as well as a soldier and statesman, his best known work being the _Essay on Poetry_. He was Dryden’s patron, and Pope prepared a collected edition of his works.

{60b} Laurence Hyde, created Earl of Rochester in 1682, died in 1711. He was the Hushai of Dryden’s _Absalom and Achitophel_, “the friend of David in distress.” In 1684 he was made Lord President of the Council, and on the accession of James II., Lord Treasurer; he was, however, dismissed in 1687. Under William III. Rochester was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, an office he resigned in 1703; and in September 1710 he again became Lord President. His imperious temper always stood in the way of popularity or real success.

{60c} Sir Thomas Osborne, Charles II.’s famous Minister, was elevated to the peerage in 1673, and afterwards was made successively Earl of Danby, Marquis of Caermarthen, and Duke of Leeds. On Nov. 29, 1710, a few days after this reference to him, the Duke was granted a pension of £3500 a year out of the Post Office revenues. He died in July 1712, aged eighty-one, and soon afterwards his grandson married Lord Oxford’s daughter.

{60d} See p. 12.

{60e} See p. 48.

{60f} See p. 11.

{60g} See p. 52.

{60h} This is, of course, a joke; Swift was never introduced at Court.

{60i} Captain Delaval (see p. 23).

{60j} Admiral Sir Charles Wager (1666–1743) served in the West Indies from 1707 to 1709, and gained great wealth from the prizes he took. Under George I. he was Comptroller of the Navy, and in 1733 he became First Lord of the Admiralty, a post which he held until 1742.

{60k} See p. 52.

{60l} See p. 24.

{60m} Isaac Bickerstaff’s “valentine” sent him a nightcap, finely wrought by a maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth (_Tatler_, No. 141). The “nightcap” was a periwig with a short tie and small round head, and embroidered nightcaps were worn chiefly by members of the graver professions.

{61a} _Tatler_, No. 237.

{61b} _Tatler_, No. 230.

{62a} See pp. 32, 68.

{62b} “Returning home at night, you’ll find the sink
Strike your offended sense with double stink.”

(Description of a City Shower, ll. 5, 6.)

{62c} Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.

{63a} See p. 1.

{63b} See p. 55.

{64a} See p. 34.

{64b} See p. 2.

{65} The bellman’s accents. Cf. Pepys’ _Diary_, Jan. 16, 1659–60: “I staid up till the bellman came by with his bell just under my window as I was writing of this very line, and cried, ‘Past one of the clock, and a cold, frosty, windy morning.’”

{66a} John Freind, M.D. (1675–1728), was a younger brother of the Robert Freind, of Westminster School, mentioned elsewhere in the _Journal_. Educated under Dr. Busby at Westminster, he was in 1694 elected a student of Christ Church, where he made the acquaintance of Atterbury, and supported Boyle against Bentley in the dispute as to the authorship of the letters of Phalaris. In 1705 he attended the Earl of Peterborough to Spain, and in the following year wrote a defence of that commander (_Account of the Earl of Peterborough’s Conduct in Spain_). A steady Tory, he took a share in the defence of Dr. Sacheverell; and in 1723, when M.P. for Launceston, he fell under the suspicion of the Government, and was sent to the Tower. On the accession of George II., however, he came into favour with the Court, and died Physician to the Queen.

{66b} See p. 59.

{66c} St. John was thirty-two in October 1710. He had been Secretary at War six years before, resigning with Harley in 1707. Swift repeats this comparison elsewhere. Temple was forty-six when he refused a Secretaryship of State in 1674.

{66d} Sir Henry St. John seems to have continued a gay man to the end of his life. In his youth he was tried and convicted for the murder of Sir William Estcourt in a duel (Scott). In 1716, after his son had been attainted, he was made Viscount St. John. He died in 1742, aged ninety.

{67a} See p. 4.

{67b} “Swift delighted to let his pen run into such rhymes as these, which he generally passes off as old proverbs” (Scott). Many of the charming scraps of “Old Ballads” and “Old Plays” at the head of Scott’s own chapters are in reality the result of his own imagination.

{67c} See p. 10.

{67d} Sir Richard Levinge, Bart., had been Solicitor-General for Ireland from 1704 to 1709, and was Attorney-General from 1711 to 1714. Afterwards he was Speaker of the Irish House of Commons and Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland.

{68a} See pp. 32, 62.

{68b} See p. 6.

{68c} Thomas Belasyse, second Viscount Fauconberg, or Falconbridge (died 1700), a nobleman of hereditary loyalty, married, in 1657, the Protector’s youngest daughter, Mary Cromwell, who is represented as a lady of high talent and spirit. She died on March 14, 1712. Burnet describes her as “a wise and worthy woman,” who would have had a better prospect of maintaining her father’s post than either of her brothers.

{69a} Richard Freeman, Chief Baron, was Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1707 until his death in November 1710.

{69b} See p. 49.

{69c} Sir Richard Cox, Bart. (1650–1733), was Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1703 to 1707. In 1711 he was appointed Chief-Justice of the Queen’s Bench, but he was removed from office on the death of Queen Anne. His zealous Protestantism sometimes caused his views to be warped, but he was honest and well-principled.

{69d} Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart. (1676–1746), succeeded Bromley as Speaker in 1714. In February 1713 Swift said, “He is the most considerable man in the House of Commons.” His edition of Shakespeare was published by the University of Oxford in 1743–44. Pope called it “pompous,” and sneered at Hanmer’s “superior air” (_Dunciad_, iv. 105).

{70} See p. 24.

{72a} Elliot was keeper of the St. James’s Coffee-house (see 2).

{72b} Forster suggested that the true reading is “writhing.” If so, it is not necessary to suppose that Lady Giffard was the cause of it. Perhaps it is the word “tiger” that is corrupt.

{72c} The Hon. Charles Boyle (1676–1731), of the Boyle and Bentley controversy, succeeded to the peerage as Lord Orrery in 1703. When he settled in London he became the centre of a Christ Church set, a strong adherent of Harley’s party, and a member of Swift’s “club.” His son John, fifth Earl of Orrery, published _Remarks on the Life and Writings of Jonathan Swift_ in 1751.

{73a} William Domville, a landed proprietor in County Dublin, whom Swift called “perfectly as fine a gentleman as I know.”

{73b} On May 16, 1711, Swift wrote, “There will be an old to do.” The word is found in Elizabethan writers in the sense of “more than enough.” Cf. _Macbeth_, ii. 3: “If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have old turning the key.”

{73c} See p. 9. Clements was related to Pratt, the Deputy Vice-Treasurer, and was probably the Robert Clements who became Deputy Vice-Treasurer, and whose grandson Robert was created Earl of Leitrim in 1795.

{73d} See p. 24.

{74a} Swift’s sister Jane, who had married a currier in Bride Street, named Joseph Fenton, a match to which Swift strongly objected. Deane Swift says that Swift never saw his sister again after the marriage; he had offered her £500 if she would show a “proper disdain” of Fenton. On her husband’s dying bankrupt, however, Swift paid her an annuity until 1738, when she died in the same lodging with Esther Johnson’s mother, Mrs. Bridget Mose, at Farnham (Forster’s _Swift_, pp. 118–19).

{74b} Welbore Ellis, appointed Bishop of Kildare in 1705. He was translated to Meath in 1731, and died three years later.

{74c} The expression of the Archbishop is, “I am not to conceal from you that some expressed a little jealously, that you would not be acceptable to the present courtiers; intimating that you were under the reputation of being a favourite of the late party in power” (King to Swift, Nov. 2, 1710).

{75} This indignant letter is dated Nov. 23, 1710. It produced an apologetic reply from the Archbishop (Nov. 30, 1710), who represented that the letter to Southwell was a snare laid in his way, since if he declined signing it, it might have been interpreted into disrespect to the Duke of Ormond. Of the bishops King said, “You cannot do yourself a greater service than to bring this to a good issue, to their shame and conviction.”

{76a} William Bromley (died 1732) was M.P. for the University of Oxford. A good debater and a strong High Churchman, he was Secretary of State from August 1713 until the Queen’s death in the following year.

{76b} Colonel, afterwards Major-General, John Hill (died 1735) was younger brother of Mrs. Masham, the Queen’s favourite, and a poor relation of the Duchess of Marlborough. He was wounded at Mons in 1709, and in 1711 was sent on an unsuccessful expedition to attack the French settlements in North America. In 1713 he was appointed to command the troops at Dunkirk.

{76c} “The footmen in attendance at the Houses of Parliament used at this time to form themselves into a deliberative body, and usually debated the same points with their masters. It was jocularly said that several questions were lost by the Court party in the menial House of Lords which were carried triumphantly in the real assembly; which was at length explained by a discovery that the Scottish peers whose votes were sometimes decisive of a question had but few representatives in the convocation of lacqueys. The sable attendant mentioned by Swift, being an appendage of the brother of Mrs. Masham, the reigning favourite, had a title to the chair, the Court and Tory interest being exerted in his favour” (Scott). Steele alludes to the “Footmen’s Parliament” in No. 88 of the _Spectator_.

{77a} See p. 1.

{77b} A Court of Equity abolished in the reign of Charles I. It met in the _Camera Alba_, or Whitehall, and the room appears to have retained the name of the old Court.

{78a} See p. 24.

{78b} Swift’s first contribution to the _Examiner_ (No. 13) is dated Nov. 2, 1710.

{78c} Seduced, induced. Dryden (_Spanish Friar_) has “To debauch a king to break his laws.”

{80a} Freeman (see p. 69).

{80b} “To make this intelligible, it is necessary to observe, that the words ‘_this fortnight_’, in the preceding sentence, were first written in what he calls their little language, and afterwards scratched out and written plain. It must be confessed this little language, which passed current between Swift and Stella, has occasioned infinite trouble in the revisal of these papers” (Deane Swift).

{80c} Trim. An attack upon the liberties of this corporation is among the political offences of Wharton’s Lieutenancy of Ireland set forth in Swift’s _Short Character of the Earl of Wharton_.

{80d} Apologies.

{80e} “A Description of the Morning,” in No. 9 of the _Tatler_.

{81a} See p. 38.

{81b} William Palliser (died 1726).

{81c} See p. 20.

{81d} “Here he writ with his eyes shut; and the writing is somewhat crooked, although as well in other respects as if his eyes had been open” (Deane Swift).

{81e} _Tatler_, No. 249; cf. p. 93. During this visit to London Swift contributed to only three _Tatlers_, viz. Nos. 230, 238, and 258.

{81f} St. Andrew’s Day.

{82a} No. 241.

{82b} _Tatler_, No. 258.

{84a} Lieutenant-General Philip Bragg, Colonel of the 28th Regiment of Foot, and M.P. for Armagh, died in 1759.

{84b} James Cecil, fifth Earl of Salisbury, who died in 1728.

{84c} See p. 5.

{84d} See p. 60.

{84e} Kneller seems never to have painted Swift’s portrait.

{85a} On Nov. 25 and 28.

{85b} Arthur Annesley, M.P. for Cambridge University, had recently become fifth Earl of Anglesea, on the death of his brother (see p. 13). Under George I. he was Joint Treasurer of Ireland, and Treasurer at War.

{85c} _A Short Character of the Earl of Wharton_, by Swift himself, though the authorship was not suspected at the time. “Archbishop King,” says Scott, “would have hardly otherwise ventured to mention it to Swift in his letter of Jan. 9, 1710, as ‘a wound given in the dark.’” Elsewhere, however, in a note, Swift hints that Archbishop King was really aware of the authorship of the pamphlet.

{86a} A false report: see p. 88 below.

{86b} None of these Commissioners of Revenue lost their places at this time. Samuel Ogle was Commissioner from 1699 to 1714; John South from 1696 until his death in 1711; and Sir William St. Quintin, Bart., from 1706 to 1713. Stephen Ludlow succeeded South in September 1711.

{86c} See p. 53.

{86d} James Hamilton, sixth Earl of Abercorn (1656–1734), a Scotch peer who had strongly supported the Union of 1706.

{87a} L’Estrange speaks of “insipid twittle twattles.” Johnson calls this “a vile word.”

{87b} A cousin of Swift’s; probably a son of William Swift.

{87c} Nicholas Sankey (died 1722) succeeded Lord Lovelace as Colonel of a Regiment of Foot in Ireland in 1689. He became Brigadier-General in 1704, Major-General 1707, and Lieutenant-General 1710. He served in Spain, and was taken prisoner at the battle of the Caya in 1709.

{88a} See p. 88.

{88b} The Earl of Abercorn (see p. 86) married, in 1686, Elizabeth, only child of Sir Robert Reading, Bart., of Dublin, by Jane, Dowager Countess of Mountrath. Lady Abercorn survived her husband twenty years, dying in 1754, aged eighty-six.

{88c} Charles Lennox, first Duke of Richmond and Gordon (1672–1723), was the illegitimate son of Charles II. by Madame de Querouaille.

{88d} Sir Robert Raymond, afterwards Lord Raymond (1673–1733), M.P. for Bishop’s Castle, Shropshire, was appointed Solicitor-General in May 1710, and was knighted in October. He was removed from office on the accession of George I., but was made Attorney-General in 1720, and in 1724 became a judge of the King’s Bench. In the following year he was made Lord Chief-Justice, and was distinguished both for his learning and his impartiality.

{88e} Lynn-Regis.

{88f} Richard Savage, fourth Earl Rivers, the father of Richard Savage, the poet. Under the Whigs Lord Rivers was Envoy to Hanover; and after his conversion by Harley, he was Constable of the Tower under the Tories. He died in 1712.

{89a} Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ireland from 1695 until his death in 1717.

{89b} Lord Shelburne’s clever sister, Anne, only daughter of Sir William Petty, and wife of Thomas Fitzmaurice, Lord of Kerry, afterwards created first Earl of Kerry.

{89c} Mrs. Pratt, an Irish friend of Lady Kerry, lodged at Lord Shelburne’s during her visit to London. The reference to Clements (see p. 73), Pratt’s relative, in the _Journal_ for April 14, 1711, makes it clear that Mrs. Pratt was the wife of the Deputy Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, to whom Swift often alludes (see p. 9).

{89d} Lieutenant-General Thomas Meredith, Major-General Maccartney, and Brigadier Philip Honeywood. They alleged that their offence only amounted to drinking a health to the Duke of Marlborough, and confusion to his enemies. But the Government said that an example must be made, because various officers had dropped dangerous expressions about standing by their General, Marlborough, who was believed to be aiming at being made Captain General for life. For Maccartney see the _Journal_ for Nov. 15, 1712, seq. Meredith, who was appointed Adjutant-General of the Forces in 1701, was made a Lieutenant-General in 1708. He saw much service under William III., and Marlborough, and was elected M.P. for Midhurst in 1709. He died in 1719 (Dalton’s _Army Lists_, iii. 181). Honeywood entered the army in 1694; was at Namur; and was made a Brigadier-General before 1711. After the accession of George I. he became Colonel of a Regiment of Dragoons, and commanded a division at Dettingen. At his death in 1752 he was acting as Governor of Portsmouth, with the rank of General (Dalton, iv. 30).

{90a} Or “malkin”; a counterfeit, or scarecrow.

{90b} William Cadogan, Lieutenant-General and afterwards Earl Cadogan (1675–1726), a great friend of Marlborough, was Envoy to the United Provinces and Spanish Flanders. Cadogan retained the post of Lieutenant to the Tower until 1715.

{90c} Earl Cadogan’s father, Henry Cadogan, barrister, married Bridget, daughter of Sir Hardresse Waller, and sister of Elizabeth, Baroness Shelburne in her own right.

{90d} See p. 28.

{90e} Cadogan married Margaretta, daughter of William Munter, Counsellor of the Court of Holland.

{91a} Presumably the eldest son, William, who succeeded his father as second Earl of Kerry in 1741, and died in 1747. He was at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and was afterwards a Colonel in the Coldstream Guards.

{91b} Henry Petty, third Lord Shelburne, who became Earl of Shelburne in 1719. His son predeceased him, without issue, and on Lord Shelburne’s death, in 1751, his honours became extinct. His daughter Anne also died without issue.

{91c} The menagerie, which had been one of the sights of London, was removed from the Tower in 1834. In his account of the Tory Fox Hunter in No. 47 of the _Freeholder_, Addison says, “Our first visit was to the lions.”

{91d} Bethlehem Hospital, for lunatics, in Moorfields, was a popular “sight” in the eighteenth century. Cf. the _Tatler_, No. 30: “On Tuesday last I took three lads, who are under my guardianship, a rambling, in a hackney coach, to show them the town: as the lions, the tombs, Bedlam.”

{91e} The Royal Society met at Gresham College from 1660 to 1710. The professors of the College lectured on divinity, civil law, astronomy, music, geometry, rhetoric, and physic.

{91f} The most important of the puppet-shows was Powell’s, in the Little Piazza, Covent Garden, which is frequently mentioned in the _Tatler_.

{91g} The precise nature this negligent costume is not known, but it is always decried by popular writers of the time.

{91h} Retched. Bacon has “Patients must not keck at them at the first.”

{92a} Swift was born on November 30.

{92b} Mrs. De la Riviere Manley, daughter of Sir Roger Manley, and cousin of John Manley, M.P., and Isaac Manley (see pp. 7, 24), wrote poems and plays, but is best known for her _Secret Memoirs and Manners of Several Persons of Quality_, _of both sexes_. _From the New Atalantis_, 1709, a book abounding in scandalous references to her contemporaries. She was arrested in October, but was discharged in Feb. 1710. In May 1710 she brought out a continuation of the _New Atalantis_, called _Memoirs of Europe towards the Close of the Eighth Century_. In June 1711 she became editress of the Tory _Examiner_, and wrote political pamphlets with Swift’s assistance. Afterwards she lived with Alderman Barber, the printer, at whose office she died in 1724. In her will she mentioned her “much honoured friend, the Dean of St. Patrick, Dr. Swift.”

{92c} “He seems to have written these words in a whim; for the sake of what follows” (Deane Swift).

{93a} See p. 62.

{93b} No. 249 (see p. 81).

{94a} See p. 30.

{94b} In a letter to the Rev. Dr. Tisdall, of Dec. 16, 1703, Swift said: “I’ll teach you a way to outwit Mrs. Johnson: it is a new-fashioned way of being witty, and they call it a _bite_. You must ask a bantering question, or tell some damned lie in a serious manner, and then she will answer or speak as if you were in earnest; and then cry you, ‘Madam, there’s a _bite_!’ I would not have you undervalue this, for it is the constant amusement in Court, and everywhere else among the great people.” See, too, the _Tatler_, No. 12, and _Spectator_, Nos. 47, 504: “In a word, a Biter is one who thinks you a fool, because you do not think him a knave.”

{94c} See p. 66.

{95a} “As I hope to be saved;” a favourite phrase in the _Journal_.

{95b} See p. 48.

{95c} This statement receives some confirmation from a pamphlet published in September 1710, called _A Condoling Letter to the Tatler_: _On Account of the Misfortunes of Isaac Bickerstaf Esq._, _a Prisoner in the — on Suspicion of Debt_.

{95d} Dr. Lambert, chaplain to Lord Wharton, was censured in Convocation for being the author of a libellous letter.

{95e} Probably the same person as Dr. Griffith, spoken of in the _Journal_ for March 3, 1713,—when he was ill,—as having been “very tender of” Stella.

{96a} See p. 74, note 1.

{96b} Vexed, offended. Elsewhere Swift wrote, “I am apt to grate the ears of more than I could wish.”

{96c} Ambrose Philips, whose Pastorals had been published in the same volume of Tonson’s _Miscellany_ as Pope’s. Two years later Swift wrote, “I should certainly have provided for him had he not run party mad.” In 1712 his play, _The Distrest Mother_, received flattering notice in the _Spectator_, and in 1713, to Pope’s annoyance, Philips’ Pastorals were praised in the _Guardian_. His pretty poems to children led Henry Carey to nickname him “Namby Pamby.”

{97a} An equestrian statue of William III., in College Green, Dublin. It was common, in the days of party, for students of the University of Dublin to play tricks with this statue.

{97b} Lieutenant-General Richard Ingoldsby (died 1712) was Commander of the Forces in Ireland, and one of the Lords Justices in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant.

{97c} This seems to have been a mistake; cf. _Journal_ for July 13, 1711, Alan Brodrick, afterwards Viscount Midleton, a Whig politician and lawyer, was made Chief Justice of the Queen’s Bench in Ireland in 1709, but was removed from office in June 1711, when Sir Richard Cox succeeded him. On the accession of George I. he was appointed Lord Chancellor for Ireland. Afterwards he declined to accept the dedication to him of Swift’s _Drapiers Letters_, and supported the prosecution of the author. He died in 1728.

{97d} Robert Doyne was appointed Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland in 1695, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1703. This appointment was revoked on the accession of George I.

{97e} See p. 69.

{97f} Of the University of Dublin.

{98a} See pp. 6, 7. Sir Thomas Frankland’s eldest son, Thomas, who afterwards succeeded to the baronetcy, acquired a fortune with his first wife, Dinah, daughter of Francis Topham, of Agelthorpe, Yorkshire. He died in 1747.

{98b} See p. 60.

{98c} See p. 20.

{99a} Mary, daughter of Sir John Williams, Bart., and widow of Charles Petty, second Lord Shelburne, who died in 1696. She had married, as her second husband, Major-General Conyngham, and, as her third husband, Colonel Dallway.

{99b} Dr. John Vesey became Bishop of Limerick in 1672, and Archbishop of Tuam in 1678. He died in 1716.

{100a} See p. 14.

{100b} Sex.

{100c} Toby Caulfeild, third son of the fifth Lord Charlemont. In 1689 he was Colonel to the Earl of Drogheda’s Regiment of Foot, and about 1705 he succeeded to the command of Lord Skerrin’s Regiment of Foot. After serving in Spain his regiment was reduced, having lost most of its men (Luttrell, vi. 158).

{101a} John Campbell, second Duke of Argyle (1680–1743), was installed a Knight of the Garter in December 1710, after he had successfully opposed a vote of thanks to Marlborough, with whom he had quarrelled. It was of this nobleman that Pope wrote—

“Argyle, the State’s whole thunder born to wield,
And shake alike the senate and the field.”

In a note to Macky’s _Memoirs_, Swift describes the Duke as an “ambitious, covetous, cunning Scot, who had no principle but his own interests and greatness.”

{101b} Harley’s second wife, Sarah, daughter of Simon Middleton, of Edmonton, and sister of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart. She died, without issue, in 1737.

{101c} Elizabeth Harley, then unmarried, the daughter of Harley’s first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Foley, of Whitley Court, Worcestershire. She subsequently married the Marquis of Caermarthen, afterwards Duke of Leeds.

{101d} Harcourt (see p. 11).

{102} William Stawel, the third baron, who succeeded to the title in 1692, was half-brother to the second Baron Stawel. The brother here referred to was Edward, who succeeded to the title as fourth baron in 1742.

{104a} Charles Finch, third Earl of Winchelsea, son of Lord Maidstone, and grandson of Heneage, second Earl of Winchelsea. On his death in 1712 Swift spoke of him as “a worthy honest gentleman, and particular friend of mine.”

{104b} Vedeau was a shopkeeper, who abandoned his trade for the army (_Journal_, March 28, April 4, 1711). Swift calls him “a lieutenant, who is now broke, and upon half pay” (_Journal_, Nov. 18, 1712).

{104c} Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart. (died 1721), of Herringflat, Suffolk, succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1686.

{104d} The reverse at Brihuega.

{104e} See p. 57.

{106a} John Barber, a printer, became Lord Mayor of London in 1732, and died in 1741. Mrs. Manley was his mistress, and died at his printing office. Swift speaks of Barber as his “very good and old friend.”

{106b} Bernage was an officer serving under Colonel Fielding. In August 1710 a difficulty arose through Arbuthnot trying to get his brother George made Captain over Bernage’s head; but ultimately Arbuthnot waived the business, because he would not wrong a friend of Swift’s.

{106c} See p. 99.

{107a} George Smalridge (1663–1719), the High Church divine and popular preacher, was made Dean of Carlisle in 1711, and Bishop of Bristol in 1714. Steele spoke of him in the _Tatler_ (Nos. 73, 114) as “abounding in that sort of virtue and knowledge which makes religion beautiful.”

{107b} St. Albans Street, Pall Mall, was removed in 1815 to make way for Waterloo Place. It was named after Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans.

{109} See p. 100

{112a} Algernon Seymour, Earl of Hertford (1684–1750), only son of Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Lord Hertford succeeded to the dukedom in 1748. From 1708 to 1722 he was M.P. for Northumberland, and from 1708 to 1713 he took an active part in the war in Flanders.

{112b} See p. 17.

{112c} _A Short Character of the Earl of Wharton_ (see p. 85).

{112d} See 69.

{113} Henry Herbert, the last Baron Herbert of Cherbury, succeeded to the peerage in 1709, and soon afterwards married a sister of the Earl of Portsmouth. A ruined man, he committed suicide in 1738.

{114} Nos. 257, 260.

{115a} See p. 26.

{115b} “_After_ is interlined” (Deane Swift).

{115c} With this account may be compared what Pope says, as recorded in Spence’s _Anecdotes_, p. 223: “Lord Peterborough could dictate letters to nine amanuenses together, as I was assured by a gentleman who saw him do it when Ambassador at Turin. He walked round the room, and told each of them in his turn what he was to write. One perhaps was a letter to the emperor, another to an old friend, a third to a mistress, a fourth to a statesman, and so on: yet he carried so many and so different connections in his head, all at the same time.”

{116a} Francis Atterbury, Dean of Carlisle, had taken an active part in the defence of Dr. Sacheverell. After a long period of suspense he received the appointment of Dean of Christ Church, and in 1713 he was made Bishop of Rochester and Dean of Westminster. Atterbury was on intimate terms with Swift, Pope, and other writers on the Tory side, and Addison—at whose funeral the Bishop officiated—described him as “one of the greatest geniuses of his age.”

{116b} John Carteret, second Baron Carteret, afterwards to be well known as a statesman, succeeded to the peerage in 1695, and became Earl Granville and Viscount Carteret on the death of his brother in 1744. He died in 1763. In October 1710, when twenty years of age, he had married Frances, only daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., of Appuldurcombe, Isle of Wight.

{117a} Dillon Ashe, D.D., Vicar of Finglas, and brother of the Bishop of Clogher. In 1704 he was made Archdeacon of Clogher, and in 1706 Chancellor of Armagh. He seems to have been too fond of drink.

{117b} Henley (see p. 37) married Mary, daughter of Peregrine Bertie, the second son of Montagu, Earl of Lindsey, and with her obtained a fortune of £30,000. After Henley’s death his widow married her relative, Henry Bertie, third son of James, Earl of Abingdon.

{117c} Hebrews v. 6.

{118a} Probably Mrs. Manley and John Barber (see pp. 92, 106).

{118b} Sir Andrew Fountaine’s (see p. 28) father, Andrew Fountaine, M.P., married Sarah, daughter of Sir Thomas Chicheley, Master of the Ordnance. Sir Andrew’s sister, Elizabeth, married Colonel Edward Clent. The “scoundrel brother,” Brig, died in 1746, aged sixty-four (Blomefield’s _Norfolk_, vi. 233–36).

{118c} Dame Overdo, the justice’s wife in Ben Jonson’s _Bartholomew Fair_.

{119a} See p. 7.

{119b} Atterbury, who had recently been elected Prolocutor to the Lower House of Convocation.

{120a} Dr. Sterne, Dean of St. Patrick’s, was not married.

{120b} January 6 was Twelfth-night.

{120c} Garraway’s Coffee-house, in Change Alley, was founded by Thomas Garway, the first coffee-man who sold and retailed tea. A room upstairs was used for sales of wine “by the candle.”

{120d} Sir Constantine Phipps, who had taken an active part in Sacheverell’s defence. Phipps’ interference in elections in the Tory interest made him very unpopular in Dublin, and he was recalled on the death of Queen Anne.

{120e} Joseph Trapp, one of the seven poets alluded to in the distich:—

“Alma novem genuit celebres Rhedycina poetas,
Bubb, Stubb, Grubb, Crabb, Trapp, Young, Carey, Tickell, Evans.”

Trapp wrote a tragedy in 1704, and in 1708 was chosen the first Professor of Poetry at Oxford. In 1710 he published pamphlets on behalf of Sacheverell, and in 1712 Swift secured for him the post of chaplain to Bolingbroke. During his latter years he held several good livings. Elsewhere Swift calls him a “coxcomb.”

{120f} See p. 50.

{121} The extreme Tories, who afterwards formed the October Club.

{122} Crowd. A Jacobean writer speaks of “the lurry of lawyers,” and “a lurry and rabble of poor friars.”

{123a} See p. 24, note 3.

{123b} St. John’s first wife was Frances, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Henry Winchcombe, Bart., of Berkshire, and in her right St. John enjoyed the estates of Bucklebury, which on her death in 1718 passed to her sister. In April 1711 Swift said that “poor Mrs. St. John” was growing a great favourite of his; she was going to Bath owing to ill-health, and begged him to take care of her husband. She “said she had none to trust but me, and the poor creature’s tears came fresh in her eyes.” Though the marriage was, naturally enough, unhappy, she did not leave St. John’s house until 1713, and she returned to him when he fell from power. There are letters from her to Swift as late as 1716, not only doing her best to defend his honour, but speaking of him with tenderness.

{123c} “Battoon” means (1) a truncheon; (2) a staff of office. Luttrell, in 1704, speaks of “a battoon set with diamonds sent him from the French king.”

{124a} Edward Harley, second son of Sir Edward Harley, was M.P. for Leominster and Recorder of the same town. In 1702 he was appointed Auditor of the Imposts, a post which he held until his death in 1735. His wife, Sarah, daughter of Thomas Foley, was a sister of Robert Harley’s wife, and his eldest son eventually became third Earl of Oxford. Harley published several books on biblical subjects.

{124b} See p. 36. The last number of Steele’s _Tatler_ appeared on Jan. 2, 1711; Harrison’s paper reached to fifty-two numbers.

{124c} Dryden Leach (see p. 51).

{125a} Cf. Letter 7, October 28th.

{125b} Published by John Baker and John Morphew. See Aitken’s _Life of Steele_, i. 299–301.

{125c} In No. 224 of the _Tatler_, Addison, speaking of polemical advertisements, says: “The inventors of Strops for Razors have written against one another this way for several years, and that with great bitterness.” See also _Spectator_, Nos. 428, 509, and the _Postman_ for March 23, 1703: “The so much famed strops for setting razors, etc., are only to be had at Jacob’s Coffee-house. . . . Beware of counterfeits, for such are abroad.”

{126a} Sir John Holland (see p. 11).

{126b} Addison speaks of a fine flaxen long wig costing thirty guineas (_Guardian_, No. 97), and Duumvir’s fair wig, which Phillis threw into the fire, cost forty guineas (_Tatler_, No. 54)

{127a} Swift’s mother, Abigail Erick, was of a Leicestershire family, and after her husband’s death she spent much of her time with her friends near her old home. Mr. Worrall, vicar of St. Patrick’s, with whom Swift was on terms of intimacy in 1728–29, was evidently a relative of the Worralls where Mrs. Swift had lodged, and we may reasonably suppose that he owed the living to Swift’s interest in the family.

{127b} The title of a humorous poem by Lydgate. A “lickpenny” is a greedy or grasping person.

{128a} Small wooden blocks used for lighting fires. See Swift (“Description of the Morning”),

“The small-coal man was heard with cadence deep,
Till drowned in shriller notes of chimney-sweep;”

and Gay (_Trivia_, ii. 35),

“When small-coal murmurs in the hoarser throat,
From smutty dangers guard thy threatened coat.”

{128b} The Tory Ministers.

{129a} See p. 51.

{129b} Thomas Southerne’s play of _Oroonoko_, based on Mrs. Aphra Behn’s novel of the same name, was first acted in 1696.

{129c} “Mrs.” Cross created the part of Mrs. Clerimont in Steele’s _Tender Husband_ in 1705.

{130a} See p. 106.

{130b} George Granville, afterwards Lord Lansdowne, was M.P. for Cornwall, and Secretary at War. In December 1711 he was raised to the peerage, and in 1712 was appointed Comptroller of the Household. He died in 1735, when the title became extinct. Granville wrote plays and poems, and was a patron of both Dryden and Pope. Pope called him “Granville the polite.” His _Works in Verse and Prose_ appeared in 1732.

{131a} Samuel Masham, son of Sir Francis Masham, Bart., had been a page to the Queen while Princess of Denmark, and an equerry and gentleman of the bed-chamber to Prince George. He married Abigail Hill (see p. 149), daughter of Francis Hill, a Turkey merchant, and sister of General John Hill, and through that lady’s influence with the Queen he was raised to the peerage as Baron Masham, in January 1712. Under George I. he was Remembrancer of the Exchequer. He died in 1758.

{131b} A roughly printed pamphlet, _The Honourable Descent_, _Life_, _and True Character of the_ . . . _Earl of Wharton_, appeared early in 1711, in reply to Swift’s _Short Character_; but that can hardly be the pamphlet referred to here, because it is directed against libellers and backbiters, and cannot be described as “pretty civil.”

{131c} “In that word (the seven last words of the sentence huddled into one) there were some puzzling characters” (Deane Swift).

{132} Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., married, in 1690, Frances, only daughter of the first Viscount Weymouth. Their daughter Frances married Lord Carteret (see p. 116) in 1710. In a letter to Colonel Hunter in March 1709 Swift spoke of Lady (then Mrs.) Worsley as one of the principal beauties in town. See, too, Swift’s letter to her of April 19, 1730: “My Lady Carteret has been the best queen we have known in Ireland these many years; yet is she mortally hated by all the young girls, because (and it is your fault) she is handsomer than all of them together.”

{133a} See p. 7.

{133b} See p. 25.

{133c} William Stratford, son of Nicholas Stratford, Bishop of Chester, was Archdeacon of Richmond and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, until his death in 1729.

{133d} See p. 10.

{134a} James, third Earl of Berkeley (1680–1736), whom Swift calls a “young rake” (see p. 151). The young Countess of Berkeley was only sixteen on her marriage. In 1714 she was appointed a lady of the bed-chamber to Caroline, Princess of Wales, and she died of smallpox in 1717, aged twenty-two. The Earl was an Admiral, and saw much service between 1701 and 1710; under George I. he was First Lord of the Admiralty.

{134b} Edward Wettenhall was Bishop of Kilmore from 1699 to 1713.

{134c} In the Dedication to _The Tale of a Tub_ Swift had addressed Somers in very different terms: “There is no virtue, either in public or private life, which some circumstances of your own have not often produced upon the stage of the world.”

{136} Their lodgings, opposite to St. Mary’s Church in Stafford Street, Dublin.

{138a} The Stamp Act was not passed until June 1712: see the _Journal_ for Aug. 7, 1712.

{138b} Both in St. James’s Park. The Canal was formed by Charles II. from several small ponds, and Rosamond’s Pond was a sheet of water in the south-west corner of the Park, “long consecrated,” as Warburton said, “to disastrous love and elegiac poetry.” It is often mentioned as a place of assignation in Restoration plays. Evelyn (_Diary_, Dec. 1, 1662) describes the “scheets” used on the Canal.

{139a} Mrs. Beaumont.

{139b} The first direct mention of Hester Vanhomrigh. She is referred to only in two other places in the _Journal_ (Feb. 14, 1710–11, and Aug. 14, 1711).

{139c} See p. 10.

{139d} No. 27, by Swift himself.

{140a} No. 7 of Harrison’s series.

{140b} The printers of the original _Tatler_.

{141} Harley had forwarded to Swift a banknote for £50 (see _Journal_, March 7, 1710–11).

{143} At Moor Park.

{144a} Scott says that Swift here alludes to some unidentified pamphlet of which he was the real or supposed author.

{144b} See p. 89.

{144c} The _Examiner_.

{145a} See p. 43.

{145b} Mistaken.

{145c} Mrs. De Caudres, “over against St. Mary’s Church, near Capel Street,” where Stella now lodged.

{146a} “A crease in the sheet” (Deane Swift).

{146b} “In the original it was, _good mallows_, _little sollahs_. But in these words, and many others, he writes constantly _ll_ for _rr_” (Deane Swift).

{147a} See p. 21.

{147b} “Those letters which are in italics in the original are of a monstrous size, which occasioned his calling himself a loggerhead” (Deane Swift).

{147c} _I.e._, to ask whether.

{148a} Harcourt.

{148b} “A shilling passes for thirteenpence in Ireland” (Deane Swift).

{148c} Robert Cope, a gentleman of learning with whom Swift corresponded.

{148d} Archdeacon Morris is not mentioned in Cotton’s _Fasti Ecclesiæ Hiberniæ_.

{149a} See p. 131.

{149b} See p. 76.

{149c} Abigail Hill, afterwards Lady Masham, had been introduced into the Queens service as bed-chamber woman by the Duchess of Marlborough. Her High Church and Tory views recommended her to Queen Anne, and in 1707 she was privately married to Mr. Samuel Masham, a gentleman in the service of Prince George (see p. 131). The Duchess of Marlborough discovered that Mrs. Masham’s cousin, Harley, was using her influence to further his own interests with the Queen; and in spite of her violence the Duchess found herself gradually supplanted. From 1710 Mrs. Masham’s only rival in the royal favour was the Duchess of Somerset. Afterwards she quarrelled with Harley and joined the Bolingbroke faction.

{149d} See 20.

{150a} No. 14 of Harrison’s series.

{150b} See p. 139.

{150c} Richard Duke, a minor poet and friend of Dryden’s, entered the Church about 1685. In July 1710 he was presented by the Bishop of Winchester to the living of Witney, Oxfordshire, which was worth £700 a year.

{150d} Sir Jonathan Trelawney, one of the seven bishops committed to the Tower in 1688, was translated to Winchester in 1707, when he appointed Duke to be his chaplain.

{151a} See p. 17.

{151b} See p. 14.

{151c} See p. 134.

{151d} See p. 52.

{152a} Cf. p. 155.

{152b} Esther Johnson lodged opposite St. Mary’s in Dublin.

{152c} This famous Tory club began with the meeting together of a few extreme Tories at the Bell in Westminster. The password to the Club—“October”—was one easy of remembrance to a country gentleman who loved his ale.

{153} “Duke” Disney, “not an old man, but an old rake,” died in 1731. Gay calls him “facetious Disney,” and Swift says that all the members of the Club “love him mightily.” Lady M. W. Montagu speaks of his

“Broad plump face, pert eyes, and ruddy skin,
Which showed the stupid joke which lurked within.”

Disney was a French Huguenot refugee, and his real name was Desaulnais. He commanded an Irish regiment, and took part in General Hill’s expedition to Canada in 1711 (Kingsford’s _Canada_, ii. 465). By his will (_Wentworth Papers_, 109) he “left nothing to his poor relations, but very handsome to his bottle companions.”

{154} There were several Colonel Fieldings in the first half of the eighteenth century, and it is not clear which is the one referred to by Swift. Possibly he was the Edmund Fielding—grandson of the first Earl of Denbigh—who died a Lieutenant-General in 1741, at the age of sixty-three, but is best known as the father of Henry Fielding, the novelist.

{155} Cf. p. 152.

{156a} See p. 14.

{156b} “It is a measured mile round the outer wall; and far beyond any the finest square in London” (Deane Swift).

{156c} “The common fare for a set-down in Dublin” (_ib._).

{156d} “Mrs. Stoyte lived at Donnybrook, the road to which from Stephen’s Green ran into the country about a mile from the south-east corner” (_ib._).

{156e} “Those words in italics are written in a very large hand, and so is the word large” (_ib._).

{157} Deane Swift alters “lele” to “there,” but in a note states how he here altered Swift’s “cypher way of writing.” No doubt “lele” and other favourite words occurred frequently in the MS., as they do in the later letters.

{158a} Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., Comptroller of the Household to Queen Anne, and a Lord of the Treasury, was raised to the peerage in December 1711 as Baron Mansel of Margam. He died in 1723.

{158b} Lady Betty Butler and Lady Betty Germaine (see pp. 14, 17).

{159} James Eckershall, “second clerk of the Queen’s Privy Kitchen.” Chamberlayne (_Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia_, 1710, p. 536) says that his wages were £11, 8s. 1½d., and board-wages £138, 11s. 10½d., making £150 in all. Afterwards Eckershall was gentleman usher to Queen Anne; he died at Drayton in 1753, aged seventy-four. Pope was in correspondence with him in 1720 on the subject of contemplated speculations in South Sea and other stocks.

{160a} In October 1710 (see p. 43) Swift wrote as if he knew about the preparation of these _Miscellanies_. The volume was published by Morphew instead of Tooke, and it is frequently referred to in the _Journal_.

{160b} In 1685 the Duke of Ormond (see p. 5) married, as his second wife, Lady Mary Somerset, eldest surviving daughter of Henry, first Duke of Beaufort.

{160c} Arthur Moore, M.P., was a Commissioner of Trade and Plantations from 1710 until his death in 1730. Gay calls him “grave,” and Pope (“Prologue to the Satires,” 23) says that Moore blamed him for the way in which his “giddy son,” James Moore Smythe, neglected the law.

{161a} James, Lord Paisley, who succeeded his father (see p. 86) as seventh Earl of Abercorn in 1734, married, in 1711, Anne, eldest daughter of Colonel John Plumer, of Blakesware, Herts.

{161b} Harley’s ill-health was partly due to his drinking habits.

{161c} Crowd or confusion.

{162} The first wife of Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of Somerset, was Lady Elizabeth Percy, only daughter of Joscelyn, eleventh Earl of Northumberland, and heiress of the house of Percy. She married the Duke, her third husband, at the age of eighteen.

{163a} John Richardson, D.D., rector of Armagh, Cavan, and afterwards chaplain to the Duke of Ormond. In 1711 he published a _Proposal for the Conversion of the Popish Natives of Ireland to the Established Religion_, and in 1712 a _Short History of the Attempts to Convert the Popish Natives of Ireland_. In 1709 the Lower House of Convocation in Ireland had passed resolutions for printing the Bible and liturgy in Irish, providing Irish preachers, etc. In 1711 Thomas Parnell, the poet, headed a deputation to the Queen on the subject, when an address was presented; but nothing came of the proposals, owing to fears that the English interest in Ireland might be injured. In 1731 Richardson was given the small deanery of Kilmacluagh.

{163b} See p. 159.

{163c} Harley.