Chapter D: M. Carter (1)

Thomas Crawford P. P. Duggan Rosina Emmet W. M. Fisher Aug. Saint Gaudens Louis Saint Gaudens James Hamilton W. J. Hennessey Thomas Hovenden Charles C. Ingham J. E. Kelly William McGrath Joseph Milmore Martin Milmore John F. Murphy Hugh Newell William A. O’Donovan Launt Thompson

SCIENCE.

Robert Adrain John Cassin John P. Emmet G. Macloskie J. W. Mallett Charles Marshall T. O. C. Sloane M. Twomey Daniel Vaughn

EDUCATORS.

William Byrne William H. Maxwell Robert Milligan Patrick F. Mullany M. A. Newell Cornelius M. O’Leary Robert B. Patton James Ryder Richard Sterling Robert E. Thompson Michael Walsh James Waddell John Waddell Theo. A. Wilson

NAVY.

John Barry Johnston Blakely John Cassin Stephen Cassin Thomas A. Dornin Henry Eagle William H. Macomb John M. Maffit Richard W. Meade Matthew Mease Richard W. Meade Jeremiah O’Brien John O’Brien Richard O’Brien William O’Brien George C. Read Thomas Read Stephen C. Rowan James I. Waddell

BUSINESS.

Patrick Barry Alex. Brown George Brown John A. Brown James Brown William Brown John Burnside Mathew Carey Mathew Carey John Dunlop James G. Fair James C. Flood Hugh Gaine Alex. Henry E. A. Hopkins John D. Jones W. R. Jones George P. Kane Alex. Macomb B. MacMahon George Meade R. W. Meade J. McHenry James Murphy J. M. Nesbitt William Niblo Hugh O’Brien William S. O’Brien M. Phelan Oliver Pollock John Roach T. L. Rutledge T. L. Preston Samuel Sloan Luke Tiernan

PHILANTHROPISTS.

W. W. Corcoran John C. Drumgoole Sister Euphemia Margaret Haughery Sister Mary A. Horan Robert Kelley William Kelley Sr. S. Teresa Lalor Mary McHenry Robert McKim John G. Shortall George H. Stuart

PIONEERS.

Patrick Breen David Crockett Simon Kenton Benj. Logan Robert Strawbridge

INVENTORS.

Paul Boyton Robert M. Dalzell Robert Fulton

ENGINEERS.

Thomas A. Emmet John L. Sullivan George W. Whistler George W. Whistler

MUSICIANS.

P. S. Gilmore Charles J. Hopkins

ARCHITECTS.

[3]None

Footnote 3:

Many eminent architects are, of course, to be credited to men of Irish
blood in this country, but it must be remembered that we are now
dealing solely with a certain edition of a certain encyclopedia.

ACTORS.

Lawrence Barrett Dion Boucicault John Brougham John Drew John Duff John H. Dwyer Joseph M. Field William J. Florence John Henry Matilda Heron Eliza Logan Olive Logan William C. Macready John E. McCullough Tyrone Power Ada Rehan John T. Raymond Barney Williams

Mr. Lodge is right, _i. e._, he follows his authority honestly in giving practically the correct number of names belonging to the departments of Art, Science and Architecture, and these alone.

It is worth noting that, if the Irish are conspicuous by their absence from the last named, they are gloriously prominent in the first. The race which has given to America, Crawford, Milmore, Kelly, St. Gaudens, Thompson, Hennessey, O’Donovan and as many more, has contributed at least its share to the glory of the country in that department.

The corrected figures, not according to Mr. Lodge, but according to the authority from which Mr. Lodge professed to have taken his own are, therefore, as follows. We give first the summary of the Lodge tables and then that of _Appleton’s_ cyclopedia. They speak for themselves:

According to Mr. Lodge. According to his authority. Statesmen 22 67 Soldiers 37 107 Clergy 113 140 Lawyers 18 59 Physicians 4 16 Literature 39 70 Art 19 19 Science 9 9 Educators 7 14 Navy 8 19 Business 11 35 Philanthropy 8 12 Pioneers and Explorers 3 5 Inventors 0 3 Engineers 3 4 Architects 0 0 Musicians 1 2 Actors 7 18 ——— ——— 309 599

The true figures are almost twice as large as those of Mr. Lodge, and are far from representing the great total of Irish ability contributed to the United States, but not acknowledged in the cyclopedia.

Mr. Lodge must plead guilty to one of two charges. Either he has deliberately misrepresented the facts, or he is so careless or incompetent that he can neither count nor quote within 50 per cent of the truth.

EMIGRATION FROM NEW ENGLAND TO IRELAND.

From Prendergast’s _Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland_.

Prendergast’s _Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland_ says: “Ireland was now like an empty hive, prepared to receive its new swarm. One of the earliest efforts of the government towards replanting the parts reserved to themselves was to turn towards the lately expatriated English in America. In the early part of the year 1651, when the country, by their own description to the Council of State, was a scene of unparalleled waste and ruin, the Commissioners for Ireland affectionately urged Mr. Harrison, then a minister of the Gospel in New England, to come over to Ireland, which he would find experimentally was a comfortable seed plot (so they said) for his labours.

“On his return to New England, it was hoped he might encourage those whose hearts the Lord should stir up to look back again towards their native country, to return and plant in Ireland. There they should have freedom of worship, and the (mundane) advantages of convenient lands, fit for husbandry, in healthful air, near to maritime towns or secure places, with such encouragement from the state as should demonstrate that it was their chief care to plant Ireland with a godly seed and generation.

“Mr. Harrison was unable to come; but some movement appears to have been made towards a plantation from America, as proposals were received in January, 1655, for the planting of the town of Sligo and lands thereabouts, with families from New England; and lands on the Mile line, together with the two little islands called Oyster Island and Coney Island (containing 200 acres), were leased for one year, from 10th of April, 1655, for the use of such English families as should come from New England in America, in order to their transplantation.

“In 1656 several families, arriving from New England at Limerick, had the excise of tobacco brought with them for the use of themselves and families remitted; and other families in May and July of that year, who had come over from New England to plant, were received as tenants of state lands near Garristown, in the county of Dublin, about fifteen miles north of the capital.”

STEPHEN JACKSON, A PROVIDENCE, R. I., SETTLER.

From a Publication of the Rhode Island Historical Society, October,
1894.

Stephen Jackson of Providence, R. I., was born in 1700, in Kilkenny, Ireland. He came to America, it is said, in 1724, to escape political persecution. He married, 1725, August 15, Anne Boone, daughter of Samuel and Mary Boone, of North Kingstown, R. I. He hired land in Providence in 1745, and at this period is called “schoolmaster.” He bought and sold several parcels of land subsequently. In 1762, he and his son, Samuel, bought of Stephen Hopkins, land on the new street, called Benefit Street, where they were then living. Stephen Jackson died, 1765, July 22, and was buried in the North burial ground. His wife, Anne, was born, 1709, September 18. She died at Pomfret, Conn., 1782, January 30.

Stephen and Anne (Boone) Jackson had children as follows:

1. George, b. 1727; m. Lydia Harris, daughter of Toleration and Sarah
(Foster) Harris. He died 1769, March 1. His will mentions wife
Lydia, daughter Lydia and son Joseph. He was a “noted
commander.”

2. Samuel, b. 1729; d. 1811, Sept. 6.

3. David, b. ; m. Deborah Field, 1751, Oct. 9.

4. Richard, b. 1731, May 10; m. Susan Waterman, 1760, Dec. 31,
daughter of Nathan and Phebe (Smith) Waterman. He died 1818,
Dec. 29. His seven children’s births are upon record. His son,
Nathan W., was many years town clerk; Stephen was cashier of
Exchange Bank; and Richard was President of Washington
Insurance Company. (Richard, Jr.’s son Charles was Governor of
Rhode Island.)

5. Anne, b. 1736, May 12; d. 1753, Nov. 20.

6. Judith, b. 1738, Nov.; m. Simeon Thayer, 1759, Feb. 7. She died
1771, April 28.

7. Mary, b. ; m. Ezekiel Burr, 1759, Nov. 7, son of David and
Sarah.

8. Elizabeth, b. 1743, May 23; m. William Lanksford, 1766, April 21.
She died 1812, Jan. 27.

9. Susannah, b. ; d. 1772, June.

10. Thomas, b. 1747; m. Mary Brown, 1778, Sept. 14, daughter of
Richard. He died 1807, March 17. His widow’s will (in 1834)
mentions son Samuel, grandchildren, etc.

11. Sally, b. 1753; m. Tilly Merrick Olney, 1772, Feb., daughter of
Joseph and Elizabeth (Mawney) Olney. She died 1785, Sept.

12. Nancy, b. 1756, Nov. 8; m. (1) John Angell, 1785, April 3; m. (2)
Simeon Thayer; m. (3) Darius Daniels. She died 1803, March 9.

The above is not contributed as by any means a complete record, but simply as suggestive, and to save some stray memoranda, part of them found in archives of R. I. Historical Society.

Query (A). Is there not a manuscript account of this family in existence, and if so, where?

Query (B). Was Daniel Jackson, who was born in Boston, but who lived in Providence, a relative of this family? His record was as follows:

Daniel Jackson, b. 1742, April 2; m. Roby Hawkins, 1765, Nov. 4. He
died 1806, May 21. His will mentions children Samuel, John T.
(father of Daniel, Ephraim and Benjamin M., etc.), Benjamin
M., Amey (wife of Bernon Dun), Ruth (wife of Lewis Bosworth),
and Polly.

THE AFFAIR AT FORT WILLIAM AND MARY.

BY THE REV. THOMAS GREGORY.

Just before sunset on the afternoon of December 13, 1774, Paul Revere jumped from his foam-covered steed in front of a house in Durham, New Hampshire, rushed in and informed its owner, Major John Sullivan, that two regiments of British regulars were about to march from Boston to occupy Portsmouth and the fort in its harbor. In an instant Sullivan made up his mind as to what it was his duty to do, and within less than two hours he had gathered his force and was ready for business.

The party, sixteen in number, boarded an unwieldy, sloop-rigged old craft and darted off down the river to Portsmouth. It was a clear, cold moonlight night, and presently the crude masonry of old Fort William and Mary loomed up in the distance, reminding them of the fact that they were close on to their quarry. When within a rod or so of the shore their vessel grounded in the shallow water, and in silence they waded to land, mounted the fort, surprised the garrison and found themselves victorious without the loss of a man or even of a drop of blood.

Securing the prisoners, the patriots at once broke into the magazine, where they found one hundred pounds of powder. The powder, along with one hundred stand of small arms, was put aboard of their craft and taken back to Durham, where it was buried under the pulpit of the old meeting-house in front of Major Sullivan’s house.

Six months later the battle of Bunker Hill came off, and it was this same powder, captured by Major Sullivan at Fort William and Mary, that enabled the Americans to kill so many of the British in that historic encounter. Powder was exceedingly scarce in the patriot army, and Sullivan, anticipating that such might be the case, filled “old John Demerett’s ox-cart” with the powder he had buried under Parson Adams’ pulpit and sent it over the sixty-odd miles of rocky road to Boston, where it was destined to do such good service in the cause of liberty.

It was the news of Sullivan’s capture of Fort William and Mary that precipitated the Revolution. After such a daring deed Lexington was a foregone conclusion. In the words of another, “Sullivan was the first man in active rebellion against the British government, and he drew with him the province he lived in.” In an address on the history of this part of New Hampshire, Rev. Quint, of Dover, referring to the attack on the fort, said: “The daring character of the assault cannot be over-estimated. It was an organized investment of a royal fortress where the king’s flag was flying and where the king’s garrison met them with muskets and artillery. It was four months before Lexington, and Lexington was resistance to attack, while this was deliberate assault.”

DOMINICK LYNCH AND HIS FAMILY.

Compiled from Various Sources.

Dominick Lynch was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1786; a prominent merchant; was of the firm Lynch & Stoughton, New York. A biographical sketch of Mr. Lynch was published some years ago in the _American Catholic Historical Researches_. It was written by Richard H. Clarke, LL. D., and treated the subject at great length. According to Dr. Clarke, Mr. Lynch was born in Galway, Ireland, in 1754.

He married his cousin, Jane Lynch, a native of Dublin. Shortly after, Dominick and his wife went to reside at Bruges, in Flanders, where he established a commercial house, a branch of his father’s in Galway. He amassed a handsome fortune in Bruges and three of his children were born there. While engaged in business in Bruges he became acquainted with Don Thomas Stoughton, a merchant having commercial relations with France and Spain. Eventually, Lynch and Stoughton formed a co-partnership for the purpose of conducting business in America. The articles of co-partnership were dated March 10, 1783; the capital agreed upon was £7,500, of which amount Lynch furnished £5,000 and Stoughton, £2,500.

HON. GEORGE F. O’NEIL,

Binghamton, N. Y.

A LIFE MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY.
]

Stoughton, in pursuance of the agreement, came to New York City and opened the business house of Lynch & Stoughton. Lynch visited London and Galway, and in 1785 sailed for America, reaching New York June 20 of that year. Stoughton was a bachelor, and Mr. and Mrs. Lynch, their three children and a number of servants, went to reside with him. Later, Stoughton was made Spanish consul at New York. Eventually, differences broke out between the partners, the firm was dissolved and each member sued the other. These two suits in chancery, Stoughton _vs._ Lynch and Lynch _vs._ Stoughton, were tried before Chancellor Kent and after pending for over twenty years, were finally decided adverse to Lynch.

The latter had to pay Stoughton, besides fines and costs, $25,076. After the dissolution of the firm, Lynch retired in affluent circumstances largely on account of the wealth he had amassed in Bruges. It was said of him in New York that “he dispensed a bountiful and refined hospitality.” He was an earnest Catholic, gave liberally of his means to forward church work and was one of the representative men who signed the “Catholic Address” to George Washington. It is said of Lynch that upon arriving in New York, in 1785, he brought a large amount of specie with him and the advent of a man with such extensive financial resources created quite a stir. He was at one time offered, for what would today be considered a ridiculously small sum, a farm of twenty acres near City Hall, New York.

He declined to buy the property, but with the same amount of money purchased 697 acres near Fort Stanwix on the Mohawk River. Before the year 1800 he had increased his holdings there to about 2,000 acres. As early as 1796, he laid this property out in village lots, and called the place Lynchville. Later, he changed the name to Rome, perhaps in honor of the Eternal City. Between the years 1800 and 1820, he built a woolen mill, a cotton factory and a saw-mill at Rome, which place he had founded. It is said that the southeast corner of Fort Stanwix was levelled to make room for a mansion erected by him. In 1797, Dominick purchased an estate in West Chester County, N. Y., bordering Long Island Sound. Here he built a magnificent stone residence after the style of chateaus he had seen in Flanders. This was his home for the remainder of his life. He continued to dispense “munificent hospitality, took a leading part in the social events of the metropolis, and manifested to the end a zealous and active zeal in the growth of the Catholic church in New York.”

He died in 1825 and his widow in 1849. At his death his children were thirteen in number, _i. e._—James, Anastasia, Anthony, Dominick, Alexander, Margaret, Jasper, Jane, Henry, Harriet, Louisa, Edward and William. By the marriage of these children, the family has become allied with many of the old families of New York and Pennsylvania, including the Tillotsons, Shippens, Leas, Laurences, Nortons, Luquers, Pringles, Maitlands, Harveys, Ridgways, etc. James Lynch, the oldest of Dominick’s thirteen children, resided in Rome, N. Y., represented Oneida County in the state legislature for several years, and was later a judge of the Court of Sessions, and of the Marine, now City, Court, of New York. Dominick Lynch, 2d, at the time of, and after, his father’s death became a prominent merchant in New York City. This second Dominick was spoken of as “the most fashionable man in New York.” He made quite a reputation as proprietor of Lynch’s Chateau Margeaux, Lynch’s Sauterne and Lynch’s Lucca Oil. It is said of him that he “coined money and spent it with the freedom of a prince,” and that he “went into the best society.” He resided on Greenwich Street “opposite the Battery.” He died in 1844. He “was a Roman Catholic as his father had been.”

Dominick Lynch, 3d, grandson of the first Dominick, was a man of great public spirit, an elegant conversationalist and the possessor of musical talents. He became a naval officer, served under Perry in the Mexican war, and was also in the Civil War. He died in 1884. Dominick Lynch, 4th, was a lieutenant in the Fourth U. S. Cavalry and died some years ago. Speaking of the Lynches and others, Barrett’s _Old Merchants of New York City_ says: “These Irish families are the cream of the cream of the old families here.”

A SHIP FROM IRELAND IS CAST AWAY.

The ship _Alknomac_ sailed from the river of Sligo, Ireland, in October, 1811, with 79 passengers. After a passage of 73 days she was cast away at Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. The passengers and crew were rescued and spent nine days there. Captain Hicks, who commanded the _Alknomac_, at length provided a sloop in which the passengers embarked for New York. Unfavorable weather continuing, the sloop was driven ashore at Newport, R. I., December 24, 1811, where passengers and crew were again landed. The New York _Shamrock_, describing the incident, says: “Commodore Rodgers was on the Newport station when 79 Irish passengers were landed from a wrecked vessel. He humanely tendered the hand of hospitality and liberally provided them with every necessary to enable them to proceed to New York, the port of their original destination. Eight of the passengers who have come by land were supplied with money, and the others who remained waiting for a passage by water, received money, provisions and every necessary aid from the American commander.”

INCIDENT OF AN EXPEDITION UNDER GEN. JOHN SULLIVAN.

BY G. FRANK RADWAY, UTICA, N. Y.

Otsego Lake, in central New York, possesses not only the charm of romance due to the pen of Fenimore Cooper, but also an historical interest. In the year 1779 an expedition was sent against the hostile Indians around Lake Cayuga. A brigade under the command of Gen. James Clinton, the brother of George Clinton and father of DeWitt Clinton (each of whom held the office of governor of New York at one time), went up the Mohawk and then cut across through the forest, to the head of the Otsego, finally encamping at the foot of the lake.

The Susquehanna at its source is a very narrow stream and did not permit the floating of the 220 boats brought along by the troops. An ingenious plan was devised to overcome this difficulty. The small gorge through which the river flows as it leaves the lake was dammed, thereby collecting the waters. When a sufficient amount had been collected, the troops embarked, the dam was knocked out, and the boats were carried by the flood to a point near Tioga, where the brigade joined the forces under General Sullivan. It is said that the Indians along the banks, beholding the overflow of the river in summer, without any apparent reason, thought that it was an interposition of the Great Spirit, and fled in terror. The site of the dam has been suitably marked by the Otsego Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

IRISH BUILDERS OF THE WHITE HOUSE.

BY MARTIN I. J. GRIFFIN, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Not only were Catholics—L’Enfant, the Frenchman, and Dermott, the Irishman—the planners of the Federal City, Washington, but a Catholic, James Hoban, a native of Ireland, was the architect and builder of the president’s palace, as it was first called, the president’s house as later designated, but better known as the White House.

Hoban was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1758. When only twenty-two years old he won a medal from the Dublin Society for “drawings of brackets, stairs, roof, etc.” It is now in possession of his grandson, James Hoban, of Washington. He came to this country after the revolution and soon became known as an architect and builder.

When, in 1791, Washington visited South Carolina, writes Mr. Griffin, Colonel Laurens and others recommended to him the abilities as an architect and the executive worth of James Hoban, the Kilkenny Irishman, who had, since his arrival, added to the growth and adornment of the neighborhood by the exercise of that skill and ingenuity which the new country so much needed.

Mr. Hoban went to Washington city and submitted to the commissioners a plan for the president’s palace. His plan was accepted immediately and without hesitation after a view of the drawings which were submitted.

Hoban’s plan of the president’s palace being adopted, the selection of the site on which to erect it required the personal attention of Washington himself. So on August 2, 1792, the commissioners and President Washington “viewed the ground, particularly at the place for the palace. It has given him considerable trouble and difficulty to fix his mind,” wrote the commissioners.

Hoban’s design of the president’s house contemplated a central building with wings. The central portion was executed according to his designs and under his supervision (we are told he received 300 guineas a year for his services)—both before and after the damage by the British in 1814. The north portico was not completed until 1820, and then according to Hoban’s plan. Its popular name of the White House is due to his thought of painting the brownstone fronting the exterior walls to conceal the discoloration by smoke and fire.

Cornelius McDermott Roe, Patrick McDermott Roe and John Delahunty had the contract for all the brick and stone work on the president’s house for one season, and John Kearney did all the plastering on the capitol.

Thus far in our investigations we have found that a Catholic was one of the commissioners; that two Catholics planned the city; that a Catholic designed and built the president’s house and also superintended the erection of the capitol, which three Catholics contracted to build, and another did the plastering, while Patrick Whalen dug the cellar. Surely Irish Catholics seem to have had a goodly share in the foundation of the Capital City.

Mr. Hoban died on December 9, 1831, and was buried in St. Patrick’s Cemetery. In May, 1863, his grandson and namesake, James Hoban, Esq., purchased a lot in Mount Olivet Cemetery, near Washington, and the remains of James Hoban and others of the family were removed thereto.

COL. FRANCIS BARBER, A SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.

BY JAMES L. O’NEILL, ELIZABETH, N. J.

Patrick Barber was born in County Longford, Ireland, and was the father of Col. Francis Barber, who was a gallant soldier of the American Revolution. The colonel himself was born (1751) in Princeton, N. J., and long resided in Elizabethtown, N. J.

The father, Patrick, had come over in the same ship with Clinton. They are said to have been kinsmen. After a perilous voyage lasting some four months, they finally reached New York, where Clinton remained, Barber continuing on to Princeton, N. J.

Patrick Barber resided in Princeton for years and here were born four of his sons—Francis, John, William and Joseph. Col. Francis Barber graduated from Princeton College after securing for himself a distinguished reputation for his classical attainments. As we may infer from the character of Elizabethtown’s first settlers, much attention was paid to the subject of education by the people. And to this we may attribute the strong influence which for a long time it maintained in the province. We find in 1767, a Mr. Pemberton and a Mr. Reeves at the head of a school. In 1769, they left the institution and Francis Barber was appointed to fill the vacancy. He continued in the position until the commencement of the war, a period when teachers and many scholars left the quiet pursuits of science and rushed to arms for the defence of the country.

In 1776, Mr. Barber received from Congress a commission as major of the Third Battalion of New Jersey troops, and at the close of the year he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Third Jersey Regiment. Subsequently, he became assistant inspector-general under Baron Steuben, who expressed a high opinion of his ability and services. Colonel Barber was in constant service during the whole war. With his regiment he served under General Schuyler at the north. He was at the battles of Ticonderoga, Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth, and came near losing his life in the latter.

He was at one time adjutant-general under Sullivan. He served with distinction in the Wyoming Valley and Indian troubles. He was actively engaged in the battle of Springfield. In 1781, he was at the capture of the British army at Yorktown. Colonel Barber, although not more than thirty years at his death, had twice married, one of his helpmates, being the daughter of Moses Ogden, whose residence was the old town home that still stands on the north side of Elizabeth Avenue below Reed Street.

So close was his friendship with Lafayette that they exchanged swords. The sword Lafayette gave Barber is now in the Washington headquarters at Newburgh, N. Y., while the one Barber gave in exchange is preserved in Paris. Speaking of men noted in the military world, a few years ago, General Stryker, president of the Society of the Cincinnati, at the meeting of that organization, which was attended by William P. Barber, said that he considered Colonel Barber an ideal soldier. W. P. Barber is a great great-grandson of Colonel Barber. Colonel Barber was the tutor of Alexander Hamilton.

GEN. PHELPS MONTGOMERY.

New Haven, Conn.

A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY.
]

After having escaped the dangers of the many military campaigns, Colonel Barber was finally killed, 1783, by a most peculiar accident. Just after peace had been declared, General Washington summoned all his officers to meet him at his headquarters in Newburgh. Colonel Barber was on his way there, and but a few miles distant, when he came upon a gang of men chopping down trees in a piece of woods. One of the men called to him in a warning tone to stop his horse, just as a tree had started to topple over in his path. The chopper thought the tree was going to fall another way, but it struck and killed the unsuspecting officer, who realized his danger too late to save himself. Had he been allowed to go on without stopping, a life of such inestimable value to his country would without doubt have been saved. He was a fine scholar, a skillful and brave officer and rendered great and important services to his country.

CONCERNING THE IRISH MONTGOMERYS.

In the _New York Herald_, September 10, 1905, is a statement by “L. W., London, England,” giving many details of interest concerning the ancestry and family of Gen. Richard Montgomery. The statement appears in the genealogical department of the _Herald_, of that date, which department is conducted by Mrs. Clara H. Manning. The statement is in answer to a correspondent and is as follows:

“H. W. N.’s family tradition is at fault. Gen. Richard Montgomery had no sister Elizabeth. His only sister was Sarah, wife of Charles Jones, fourth Viscount Planelagh, and mother of thirteen children. General Montgomery had brothers, John and Alexander. John died unmarried in Lisbon, 1786. His administration is in the Prerogative Court of Ireland. Alexander, the brother, was captain in the Forty-third Regiment and member of the Irish Parliament for County Donegal; died unmarried September 29, 1800. His will is in the Prerogative Court of Ireland. Lady Planelagh and her three brothers were the children of Thomas Montgomery, of Swords, near Dublin, eldest son of Alexander Montgomery, of Ballyleek, who married Mary Francklyn.

“Thomas Montgomery had several brothers and sisters. His brother, Robert, of Brandram, County Monaghan, married Sarah Maxwell. This is the nearest Maxwell connection. Thomas had many cousins. Ulster has many Montgomerys of other lines. It is said the Earl of Mount Alexander could ride at the head of a regiment all Montgomerys. At one time in the Irish Parliament were six Montgomerys all over six feet in height and the handsomest men in Dublin.... By far [one of] the most noted family of modern times is that of the Montgomerys of Grey Abbey, County Down, a famous military stock.

“For all this they have a pedigree made in the eighteenth century to take them on to the famous old Grey Abbey stock of the early Ulster settlement. As a fact, they are descended from a thrifty yeoman who purchased Grey Abbey after the old stock had died out. No American Montgomerys can prove any near connection with either the Montgomerys of Ballyleek or the Earls of Mount Alexander. The nearest probable American connection is not of the Montgomery name, being that of the descendants of Thomas Patterson, who emigrated from County Donegal to Philadelphia at the time of the Irish rebellion. Thomas Patterson was grandson of Alleriah Montgomery, said by tradition to be a cousin of the general. Her marriage certificate in the diocese of Raphoe indicates her as coming from the vicinity of the general’s family, being about his age and not belonging to any other of the Montgomery families in that part of Ireland.”

HEROES OF MONTGOMERY’S ARMY.

In the city of Quebec, Canada, is a tablet on which is inscribed the following:

Within this building and directly
Beneath this tablet repose
The remains of thirteen soldiers of
General Montgomery’s army,
Who were killed in the assault on Quebec
Dec. 31st, 1775.
Placed to their memory by several
American children.

A GLANCE AT SOME PIONEER IRISH IN THE SOUTH.

BY MICHAEL J. O’BRIEN, NEW YORK CITY.

No section of the Union presents a wider or more diversified field for historical inquiry than the Carolinas and Virginia.

All the territory from the Delaware River south to Cape Fear was named “Virginia” by the English, and it is generally supposed that it was in the present state of Virginia the earliest colonists landed. It was, however, the Indians of North Carolina who were the first to set eyes on the white men who came to America with the famous navigator, Sir Walter Raleigh, in the year 1584.

Among these first-comers to the Carolinas Irishmen are found, and in the resistance to the authority and encroachments of the British organized in that section many years later, the sons of Erin and their descendants are recorded as having played an honorable and prominent part.

In Hakluyt’s _Voyages, Navigations, Traffiques and Discouveries of the English Nation_ are found some interesting facts relating to the first voyages of the English, under Raleigh and his lieutenants, to the western world. Richard Hakluyt was one of those who accompanied Raleigh on his first voyage of discovery in 1584. His _Voyages and Discouveries_, now a work of extreme rarity (it was published in London over 300 years ago), is by all odds the most celebrated book ever written on the subject, and forms the basis of all true history of the colonization of the Carolinas and Virginia. It is printed in the old English text of the sixteenth century, which renders its examination a task as laborious as it is interesting. The writer has examined the copy of this famous work in the Astor Library, and we are sure our readers will be interested in learning something of its contents at this stage.

The second voyage was undertaken by Sir Richard Greenville in the year 1585. The company comprised 107 persons. Hakluyt’s great work (page 254, volume 3) contains “an account of the particulars of the employments of the Englishmen left in Virginia by Sir Richard Greenville under the charge of Master Ralph Lane, general of the same, from August 17, 1585, to June 18, 1586.”

It will be observed that Greenville refers to “the Englishmen left in Virginia.” This would lead the ordinary reader to the conclusion that the expedition was comprised of Englishmen only, but such an assumption would be erroneous. In those days Ireland had a merchant marine of her own, and the ships which sailed from Irish ports, and indeed not a few of those whose home ports were in England, were manned by Irish seamen. (See Marmion’s _Maritime Ports of Ireland_.) What more natural, therefore, than to expect that Irish names should be found among the lists of these “Englishmen?” All of the early histories of the southern colonies refer to the first settlers as English. No suggestion is ever made, as far as the writer can find, that these first-comers may not all have been English, or that any Irish people were amongst them. Yet it is a fact that Irishmen came too in search of adventure, and no better testimony in support of that assertion can be adduced than the lists of the names of the persons who came on these colonizing expeditions.

Here are some of the names from Greenvilles’ list, as they were written down at the time: Edward Kelley, R. Courtney, Hugh Rogers, Thomas Fox, Darby “Glande,” Edward Nugent, John “Costigo” (Costigan), James Lafie, Francis Norris, Richard Moore, Richard Ireland, Matthew Lyne, Dennis Barnes, “Denice” Carroll, Robert Young, Thomas Hesket, Richard Humphrey and R. Griffin. Many of these, undoubtedly, were natives of Ireland. This is said to have been the first English colony that settled in America, the previous expedition having returned with its entire company.

They entered Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic by what is now known as New Inlet, and then landed at Roanoke Island, thence crossed over to the mainland to the eastern portion of North Carolina, just south of Norfolk, Va. They followed the course of the Chowan River for a short distance, and soon came in contact with the Indians. Hakluyt’s work contains an interesting narrative of the voyage and of the explorations of the party in Virginia, written by Ralph Lane, in which long accounts are given of their encounters with the savage Indians. In his account of one fight, on the first of June, 1586, he refers to the bravery of “one of my Irish boys,” who shot Pemisapan, the king of the Indians, “athwart the buttocks with my petronell.” The Irish boy’s shot did not, however, bring down the Indian king, and the wily redskin, with a number of his warriors, managed to escape into the dense forest.

But then, another Irishman, who was not afraid to face the Indian band singlehanded, was there to finish the work of the youthful adventurer from Erin, “for,” writes Lane, “in the end an Irishman serving me, one Nugent, and the deputy provost undertook him”—that is to say, volunteered to capture or kill the Indian king—“and I, in some doubt lest we had lost both the king and my man, by our own negligence to have been intercepted by the savages, we met him returning out of the woods with Pemisapan’s head in his hands.”

The place where the bold Irishman, Edward Nugent, and the nameless youth thus earned such prominent mention in early American history has been located as in Chowan County, near the present town of Edenton, N. C.

It seems that in all of the early voyages of the English to the American continent the adventurous Irishman was present. On Raleigh’s first voyage the largest ship was commanded by a Captain Butler, and Captain Edward Hayes commanded a vessel in the expedition of Sir H. Gilbert to Newfoundland in 1583. Sixteen years earlier, 1567, Robert Barrett and John Garrett commanded ships in the expedition to Mexico under Sir John Hawkins. There is nothing to show that these captains were of the Irish nation, but their names have been for centuries so common in Ireland that we venture to include them in this category.

In 1568, when Hawkins arrived in the Gulf of Mexico, he put ashore a company comprising 68 men under Miles Philips, a little north of Panuco. From the curiously-worded narrative of Miles Philips, entitled “The voyages from Panuco, thence to Mexico, and afterwards to sundry other places, having remained in the counterey 15 or 16 yeeres together, and noted many things most worthy of observation,” which is contained in Hakluyt’s third volume, we glean some interesting information.

The whole company was captured by a band of Indians and Spaniards, and immediately haled before the governor, who “visited them with the terrors of the Inquisition.” John Gray, John and Thomas Browne, John Mooney, James Collier and John Rider were sentenced to receive 200 lashes on horseback and to serve eight years in the galleys; others of the company received various terms of servitude, while others were condemned to serve as servants or slaves in the monasteries. Three were condemned to be burned to ashes, and the inhuman sentence was carried out in the market place of the City of Mexico on the day preceding Good Friday in the year 1575.

The three unfortunates were George Riuely (Reilly), Peter Momfrie and “Cornelius.” Philips was unacquainted with the full name of the latter, but in order to distinguish him from another of the party who bore the same Christian name, he refers to him as “Cornelius the Irishman.” In relating the circumstances of his subsequent escape, Philips stated that several of the adventurers, after the expiration of their terms of servitude, remained in Mexico, married native women, and some prospered in the new country.

The same volume of Hakluyt (page 286) contains the story of “The Fourth Voyage, made to Virginia in 1587, wherein was transported the Second Colony,” written by the commander, Captain John White. The narrative runs in part:

“On the first day of July (1587) we weighed anchor at Musketo’s Bay, upon the fourth side of St. John’s Island, where were left behind two Irishmen of our company, Darbie Glaven and Dennis Carrell, thence bearing along the coast of St. John’s till evening.” The vessels anchored in the bay for the purpose of securing a supply of salt, which Simon Fernando, who was with Raleigh on the first expedition, had informed White could be procured on the island. The two hardy Irishmen, Glaven and Carrell, were selected to go ashore and procure the necessary supply. They proceeded inland, but, during their absence, Fernando, for some reason that does not appear, persuaded the commander to weigh anchor, and before the two unfortunates had returned to the shore, the vessels were far on their way. It would be interesting if we could follow the fortunes of the two Irish castaways among the Indians of the Danish West Indies, but history contains no further account of them.

In the following September, when one of the vessels of the expedition was on its return to England, she encountered a great storm. The crew and passengers were in sore straits on account of the lack of food and water, expecting to perish by famine at sea. On October 16, however, when they had almost given up in despair, they sighted land, which proved to be the coast of Kerry. By the aid of “a hulke of Dublin” they entered Smerwick Bay, where the inhabitants at once succored them. White relates that the whole company was brought ashore at “Dingen a Cos,” where the sick sailors and passengers were taken care of by the local doctor.

HON. JOHN S. WHALEN.

New York Secretary of State.

A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY.
]

The writer of the narrative pays a well-merited tribute to the inhabitants of Smerwick and Dingle for their timely and spontaneous aid. They stayed at Smerwick for over two weeks; there White distributed some potato plants among the people, “the first ever seen in Europe.” It is generally supposed that it was Raleigh who first brought the potato plant to Europe, but according to White’s account, it was he who introduced it, and that it was the inhabitants of the County of Kerry who were the first Europeans to taste the esculent tuber.

Could John White, who wrote the official account of, and commanded this expedition, have been an Irishman? His story of the fifth voyage is dated “from my house at Newtown, in Kilmore, the fourth of February, 1593.” There is no such place as Kilmore in England, but there are several such places in Ireland, and the name is distinctively Irish. The town of Dingle, County Kerry, has always been and even is still known to the inhabitants as “Dingen a Cos.” It will be observed that White referred to the town by its Irish, not by its Anglicized appellation, which, to some, may be suggestive that a knowledge of the Gaelic language, which, happily, most Irishmen spoke in those days, was one of the accomplishments of the historian mariner.

And is it not highly probable that White and his officers, who came to form such friendly intercourse with the fisher-folk of the Kerry coast, may have informed them of “the great land beyond the sea,” with the result that, on his subsequent voyages to Virginia, he was accompanied by not a few of the hardy natives of the Kingdom of Kerry?

After the forfeiture of the immense estates of the Desmonds in Munster in 1584, Raleigh came into possession of 12,000 acres in Cork, Waterford and Tipperary. He built and made his home in the castle of Lismore, and soon after established at the neighboring ports of Waterford and Youghal a large trade in lumber and barrel staves with France and Spain. His ships were largely manned by Irish sailors, and it is entirely within the bounds of probability that Raleigh impressed into his transatlantic crews some of the sailors and fishermen of the Munster coast.

In the charter which Raleigh received from the English crown on March 27, 1585, empowering him to hold the lands which he had colonized in America and apportion them among the colonists, reference is made to “persons from England and Ireland,” thus showing that Irishmen were among the first white settlers of the western world.

Among those who landed in North Carolina from White’s fourth expedition, and “remayned to inhabite there,” were Thomas Coleman, Edward and Winifred Powell, James Hyndes, William and Henry Browne, Thomas Ellis, Michael Millet, James Lafie, Maurice Allen, Richard Berry, Dennis and Margery Harvie, William Waters, Martin Sutton, Hugh Patterson, Thomas Humphrey and John and Brian “Wyles.” Most of these names are common to Britain as well as to Ireland, but, without doubt, some of them were natives of Ireland.

These colonists all either perished from famine or were slain by the savage enemy. Some are supposed to have sought asylum among the Hatteras Indians at Croatoan, who were friendly to the whites. Lawson, one of the historians of North Carolina, writing in 1714 of the natives of Croatoan, relates how the Indians told him that some of their ancestors were white people and “could talk in a book as we do,” and that many of the Hatteras Indians had gray eyes, which are known only among whites.

In his account of the fifth voyage, White tells of their arrival at the mouth of the Roanoke on August 17, 1590. A great storm raged; the ship’s boats were tossed about at the mercy of the waves, and eleven of the company drowned, among them Edward Kelly, Edward Kilborne and Robert Coleman. These three are mentioned as “among 7 of the chiefest men of the expedition.”

Hawk, one of the historians of North Carolina, says that “in 1666 the Lords Proprietors had agents employed in seeking emigrants on the continent of Europe, and in Ireland, Scotland and the West Indies,” and the same author in referring to the divers religious beliefs professed by the people of North Carolina (about 1700), refers to “the Irish Romanists.” It is to be regretted that we have no means of tracing the names or careers of any of those “Irish Romanists.”

Hewatt’s _Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of the Colonies of South Carolina and Georgia_ (published at London in the year 1776), is referred to by historians as an authoritative work. In this book many references are made to the early Irish settlers of the Carolinas. The author describes the dreadful extremities to which the poor settlers in the vicinity of Charlestown (now Charleston), S. C., were reduced in the year 1667.

During the government of Sir John Yeamans a civil disturbance broke out among the colonists, which threatened the ruin of the settlement. “The Proprietors,” says Hewatt, “were unable to furnish the colony with regular supplies, and the spots of sandy and barren land poorly rewarded their toil. Many of them were unskilled, and the European grain which they were accustomed to sow soon proved suitable to neither soil nor climate. The settlers began to murmur against the Proprietors and to curse the day they left their native land to starve in a wilderness. While they gathered oysters for subsistence with one hand, they were obliged to carry the musket in the other for defence against the Indians.”

In this emergency, a true son of Ireland is seen to have been in the forefront of the battles waged by the afflicted colonists. Florence O’Sullivan was one of the leading men among the settlers of Charlestown, some of whom were his countrymen, and to whom they looked for guidance and counsel. O’Sullivan is said to have come to South Carolina with Governor Sayle. He was surveyor-general of the province until he was succeeded by John Culpeper in 1671. He is thought to have been of the famous family of that name whose paternal home was on the borders of Cork and Kerry, and which gave to America schoolmasters, governors, a celebrated general of the Revolutionary army, and in later days men who distinguished themselves in every sphere of activity in the new country.

To add to the troubles between the colonists and the Indians, it is related that about this time there was great fear among the Carolinians of an invasion by the Spaniards from the South. Militia companies were formed in and around Charlestown to resist invasion, and O’Sullivan had been placed in command of a body of men on an island in the harbor—now known as Sullivan’s Island. Their situation was one of great danger and they were instructed to warn the inhabitants on the first approach of the enemy, and then return to shore. “The great gun”—evidently the only one available—was in the immediate charge of O’Sullivan.

The Spaniards did not put in an appearance; the scanty supplies of the party soon gave out, but they stuck to their post until starvation stared them in the face. They remained until all hope had fled that their supplies would be replenished, and when they were not forthcoming, O’Sullivan and his men, deciding that to perish from hunger would be an inglorious end, deserted the island without consulting the governor and joined the discontented party in the town.

Thereupon, we are told, the people became ungovernable and threatened to compel the authorities to relinquish the settlement. O’Sullivan was arrested by the town marshal and “compelled to find security for his good behavior.” Vessels were despatched to Virginia and to Barbadoes for provisions, but, before they returned, a ship arrived from Europe with supplies and a number of new settlers. “The newcomers revived the drooping spirits of the people and encouraged them to engage in more vigorous efforts. The governor, sensible of the hardships the people had suffered, readily forgave them,” and O’Sullivan and his friends were released from further restraint.

The Spanish authorities at St. Augustine, “on learning the belated news of the discontented and miserable condition of the Carolina colonists,” advanced with an armed party as far as St. Helena Island, about 50 miles south of Charlestown, to dislodge or destroy the settlers. Brian Fitzpatrick, a well-known “character” of the settlement, is said to have deserted his friends at this juncture and to have gone over to the Spaniards. What his purpose was in doing so does not appear. However, reinforcements arrived to aid the Carolinians, upon which the Spaniards evacuated St. Helena and retreated to Augustine.

After the death of Governor Yeamans in 1674, the inhabitants called a meeting at Charlestown, when they elected representatives for the purpose of making laws for the government of the colony. Thomas Gray, Henry Hughes, Maurice Mathews and Christopher Portman were the four deputies chosen by the people.

In 1680 Richard Kirle, who is described as “an Irish gentleman,” succeeded to the governorship, but he died six months after taking the reins of office.

Elsewhere we have referred to the wholesale exportation of the Irish by Cromwell, mainly to the Island of Barbadoes, during the first half of the seventeenth century. In time, those who survived the tropical climate became freemen, and eventually even some became landowners, planters and the business men of the island. Numbers of them, on gaining their freedom, sailed for the American coast with their families. They had been apprised of the opportunities open for them in the South, as the planters of Virginia and the Carolinas had their agents in the West Indies inducing them to settle on the mainland. In John Camden Hotten’s famous work, there is a list of those who departed from Barbadoes in the year 1678, which is described in this quaint language:

“List of what Ticqtts. have been granted out of the Secretary’s office of the Island of Barbadoes for departure off this island of the several psones hereafter menconed, beginning in January, 1678, and ending in December following.”

These are seen to have sailed for Virginia and the Carolinas and other American colonies:

John Blake Teague Bowhane Michael Bradley Martin Brearly John Brett Francis Browne Hugh Browne William Browne Dennis Burne Elinor Butler John Butler Walter Butler Thomas Callay Dennis Canting Richard Carey John Collins William Corbett William Courtney Francis Cox John Daniell Jane Densy Bridgett Douse Dennis Dowell John Downing Cornelius Dunnohoe Jeffory Dunnohoe Teag Dunnohoe John Earley Andrew Fanning Hugh Farrell Roger Farrell Thomas Feaghery Teage Finn Edward Fitzjames Christopher Flavell Edmond Fleming Francis Ford William Gogin Dennis Griffin Dennis Haley Elizabeth Harley William Healy Daniel Hendley Elizabeth Hendley Katherine Hetherington Andrew Hughes Dennis Hunt John Fitz Jarrell Michael Jennings William Jennings William Jordan Elinor Kennedy Jno. Kennedy Alice Lynch Morgan Lynch Nicholas Lynch Charles Maccmash John Maccinree Owen Macclahan Patrick MacDaniell Owen Magwaine John Mahane James Mahone Daniel Mahony Andrew Mannen Cornelius Marrow Katherine Marrow Timothy Melony James Melloly Daniel Murphy Martin Neagle Ann Oneal Mary Poor Miles Poor John Quirk Luke Rainey Katherine Reddin James Rice John Rice Teigue Skahane Walter Stapleton John Sutton John Teague Edmond Welch

On one ship, the _True Friendship_, commanded by Capt. Charles Kallahan, these sailed from Barbadoes:

Jeoffrey Burke Thomas Clovan Richard Lynch Patrick Maddin Thomas Swiney Samuel Wall

Those who left Barbadoes for America in the year 1678 are the only ones recorded by Hotten, but for many years there was a constant stream of wanderers leaving the West Indies for the American coast. We are as yet unable to procure any records but those of the year 1678.

Thus we see what a great infusion of Irish blood Virginia and the Carolinas received in the year 1678 alone. Some of these were servants, but among them also were men of family, who either settled down on the plantations or received grants of uncultivated lands themselves, which, in course of time, they converted into fruitful estates. It has been well said that “the fighting races don’t die out,” and surely the blood of these early Gaels must have been a potent factor in moulding the Americans of later generations in the South.

Irish families are invariably large, and as the same homely virtue is usually practised by their descendants, it will not be deemed an exaggeration when we say that thousands of the present natives of the South are descended directly or indirectly from the Irish colonizers from Barbadoes of the last half of the seventeenth century. There is no system of calculation by which we could arrive at any adequate idea of the probable number of American descendants of those early settlers, but, if we adopt the simple method of taking the number of generations that have elapsed since their coming, and then apportion, say an average of five persons to each family for each succeeding generation, we can safely conclude that when American historians refer to the pioneers of the South as wholly “of Anglo-Saxon origin,” they are playing fast and loose with their imaginations.