Chapter I

THE

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE

VOL. II.

LONDON: PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT STREET

THE

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

OF

EUROPE

BY

EDWARD A. FREEMAN, D.C.L., LL.D.

HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD

IN TWO VOLUMES

_VOL. II.—MAPS_

LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 1881

_All rights reserved_

LIST OF MAPS.

Nos.

I. HOMERIC GREECE AND THE NEIGHBOURING LANDS.

II. GREECE AND THE GREEK COLONIES.

III. GREECE IN THE FIFTH CENTURY B.C.

IV. THE LANDS ROUND THE ÆGÆAN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE KLEOMENIC WAR.

V. DOMINIONS AND DEPENDENCIES OF ALEXANDER, _circa_ B.C. 323.

VI. KINGDOMS OF THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER, _c._ B.C. 300.

VII. ITALY BEFORE THE GROWTH OF THE ROMAN POWER.

VIII. THE MEDITERRANEAN LANDS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR.

IX. THE ROMAN DOMINIONS AT THE END OF THE MITHRIDATIC WAR, B.C. 64.

X. THE ROMAN EMPIRE AT THE DEATH OF AUGUSTUS, A.D. 13.

XI. THE ROMAN EMPIRE UNDER TRAJAN, A.D. 117.

XII. THE ROMAN EMPIRE DIVIDED INTO PREFECTURES.

XIII. EUROPE IN THE REIGN OF THEODORIC, _c._ A.D. 500.

XIV. EUROPE AT THE DEATH OF JUSTINIAN, A.D. 565.

XV. EUROPE END OF SEVENTH CENTURY, A.D. 695.

XVI. GREATEST EXTENT OF THE SARACEN DOMINIONS.

XVII. EUROPE IN THE TIME OF CHARLES THE GREAT, A.D. 814.

XVIII. THE WESTERN EMPIRE AS DIVIDED AT VERDUN, A.D. 843.

XIX. THE WESTERN EMPIRE AS DIVIDED A.D. 870.

XX. DITTO DITTO A.D. 887.

XXI. CENTRAL EUROPE, _c._ A.D. 980.

XXII. CENTRAL EUROPE, A.D. 1180.

XXIII. DITTO A.D. 1360.

XXIV. DITTO A.D. 1460.

XXV. DITTO A.D. 1555.

XXVI. DITTO A.D. 1660.

XXVII. DITTO A.D. 1780.

XXVIII. DITTO A.D. 1801.

XXIX. DITTO A.D. 1810.

XXX. DITTO A.D. 1815.

XXXI. DITTO A.D. 1860.

XXXII. DITTO A.D. 1871.

XXXIII. BOUNDARIES OF FRANCE, A.D. 1555, 1715, 1791, 1871.

XXXIV. SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE, _c._ A.D. 910.

XXXV. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1000.

XXXVI. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1040-1070.

XXXVII. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1105.

XXXVIII. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1180.

XXXIX. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1210.

XL. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1340.

XLI. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1354-1358.

XLII. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1401.

XLIII. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1444.

XLIV. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1464.

XLV. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1672.

XLVI. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1700.

XLVII. DITTO DITTO _c._ A.D. 1727.

XLVIII. SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE, A.D. 1861.

XLIX. SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE, ACCORDING TO THE TREATY OF BERLIN, A.D. 1878.

L. THE BALTIC LANDS, _c._ A.D. 1000.

LI. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1220.

LII. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1270.

LIII. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1350-60.

LIV. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1400.

LV. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1478.

LVI. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1563.

LVII. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1617.

LVIII. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1701.

LIX. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1772.

LX. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1795.

LXI. DITTO _c._ A.D. 1809.

LXII. THE SPANISH KINGDOMS, A.D. 1030.

LXIII. DITTO DITTO A.D. 1210.

LXIV. DITTO DITTO A.D. 1360.

LXV. THE SPANISH KINGDOMS, AND THEIR EUROPEAN DEPENDENCIES
UNDER CHARLES THE FIFTH.

HOMERIC GREECE AND THE NEIGHBOURING LANDS]

GREECE AND THE GREEK COLONIES]

GREECE IN THE FIFTH CENTURY B.C.]

THE LANDS ROUND THE ÆGÆAN AT THE BEGINNING OF THE KLEOMENIC WAR. C. B.C. 227.]

DOMINIONS AND DEPENDENCIES OF ALEXANDER C. B.C. 323.]

KINGDOMS OF THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER C. B.C. 300]

ITALY BEFORE THE GROWTH OF THE ROMAN POWER]

THE MEDITERRANEAN LANDS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR]

THE ROMAN DOMINIONS AT THE END OF THE MITHRIDATIC WAR B.C. 64.]

THE ROMAN EMPIRE AT THE DEATH OF AUGUSTUS A.D. 13.]

THE ROMAN EMPIRE UNDER TRAJAN A.D. 117.]

THE ROMAN EMPIRE DIVIDED INTO PREFECTURES]

EUROPE IN THE REIGN OF THEODORIC C. A.D. 500.]

EUROPE AT THE DEATH OF JUSTINIAN 565.]

EUROPE END OF 7TH CENTURY 695]

GREATEST EXTENT OF THE SARACEN DOMINIONS]

EUROPE IN THE TIME OF CHARLES THE GREAT 814]

THE WESTERN EMPIRE AS DIVIDED AT VERDUN 843]

THE WESTERN EMPIRE AS DIVIDED 870]

THE WESTERN EMPIRE AS DIVIDED 887]

CENTRAL EUROPE C. 980]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1180]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1360]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1460]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1555]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1660]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1780]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1801]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1810]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1815]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1860]

CENTRAL EUROPE 1871]

BOUNDARY OF FRANCE 1555

BOUNDARY OF FRANCE 1715

BOUNDARY OF FRANCE 1791

BOUNDARY OF FRANCE 1871]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 910]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1000]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1040-1070]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1105]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1180]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1210]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1340]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1354-1358]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1401]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1444]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1464]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1672]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1700]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE C. 1727]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE 1861]

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE ACCORDING TO THE TREATY OF BERLIN 1878]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1000]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1220]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1270]

THE BALTIC LANDS CIRCA 1350-60]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1400]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1478]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1563]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1617]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1701]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1772]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1795]

THE BALTIC LANDS C. 1809]

THE SPANISH KINGDOMS 1030]

THE SPANISH KINGDOMS 1210]

THE SPANISH KINGDOMS 1360]

THE SPANISH KINGDOMS AND THEIR EUROPEAN DEPENDENCIES UNDER CHARLES THE FIFTH]

* * * * *

[Transcriber’s Note—the following change was made to this text:

1864 to 1861—“SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE, A.D. 1861.”]