Chapter XIII: General Rule (2)

"Pronouns are sometimes made to precede the things which they represent."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 160. "Most prepositions originally denote the relation of place."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 65. "_Which_ is applied to inferior animals and things without life."--_Bullions, E. Gram._, p. 24; _Pract. Lessons_, 30. "What noun do they describe or tell the kind?"--_Infant School Gram._, p. 41. "Iron cannon, as well as brass, is now universally cast solid."--_Jamieson's Dict._ "We have philosophers, eminent and conspicuous, perhaps, beyond any nation."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 251. "This is a question about words alone, and which common sense easily determines."--_Ib._, p. 320. "The low [pitch of the voice] is, when he approaches to a whisper."--_Ib._, p. 328. "Which, as to the effect, is just the same with using no such distinctions at all."--_Ib._, p. 33. "These two systems, therefore, differ in reality very little from one another."--_Ib._, p. 23. "It were needless to give many instances, as they occur so often."--_Ib._, p. 109. "There are many occasions when this is neither requisite nor would be proper."--_Ib._, p. 311. "Dramatic poetry divides itself into the two forms, of comedy or tragedy."--_Ib._, p. 452. "No man ever rhymed truer and evener than he."--_Pref. to Waller_, p. 5. "The Doctor did not reap a profit from his poetical labours equal to those of his prose."--_Johnson's Life of Goldsmith_. "We will follow that which we found our fathers practice."--_Sale's Koran_, i, 28. "And I would deeply regret having published them."--_Infant School Gram._, p. vii. "Figures exhibit ideas in a manner more vivid and impressive, than could be done by plain language."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 222. "The allegory is finely drawn, only the heads various."--_Spect._, No. 540. "I should not have thought it worthy a place here."--_Crombie's Treatise_, p. 219. "In this style, Tacitus excels all writers, ancient and modern."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, ii, 261. "No author, ancient or modern, possesses the art of dialogue equal to Shakspeare."--_Ib._, ii, 294. "The names of every thing we hear, see, smell, taste, and feel, are nouns."--_Infant School Gram._, p. 16. "What number are these boys? these pictures? &c."--_Ib._, p. 23. "This sentence is faulty, somewhat in the same manner with the last."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 230. "Besides perspicuity, he pursues propriety, purity, and precision, in his language; which forms one degree, and no inconsiderable one, of beauty."--_Ib._, p. 181. "Many critical terms have unfortunately been employed in a sense too loose and vague; none more so, than that of the sublime."--_Ib._, p. 35. "Hence, no word in the language is used in a more vague signification than beauty."--_Ib._, p. 45. "But, still, he made use only of general terms in speech."--_Ib._, p. 73. "These give life, body, and colouring to the recital of facts, and enable us to behold them as present, and passing before our eyes."--_Ib._, p. 360. "Which carried an ideal chivalry to a still more extravagant height than it had risen in fact."--_Ib._, p. 374. "We write much more supinely, and at our ease, than the ancients."--_Ib._, p. 351. "This appears indeed to form the characteristical difference between the ancient poets, orators, and historians, compared with the modern."--_Ib._, p. 350. "To violate this rule, as is too often done by the English, shews great incorrectness."-- _Ib._, p. 463. "It is impossible, by means of any study to avoid their appearing stiff and forced."--_Ib._, p. 335. "Besides its giving the speaker the disagreeable appearance of one who endeavours to compel assent."--_Ib._, p. 328. "And, on occasions where a light or ludicrous anecdote is proper to be recorded, it is generally better to throw it into a note, than to hazard becoming too familiar."--_Ib._, p. 359. "The great business of this life is to prepare, and qualify us, for the enjoyment of a better."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 373. "In some dictionaries, accordingly, it was omitted; and in others stigmatized as a barbarism."-- _Crombie's Treatise_, p. 322. "You cannot see, or think of, a thing, unless it be a noun."--_Mack's Gram._, p. 65. "The fleet are all arrived and moored in safety."--_Murray's Key_, ii, 185.

LESSON XIII.--TWO ERRORS.

"They have each their distinct and exactly-limited relation to gravity."--_Hasler's Astronomy_, p 219. "But in cases which would give too much of the hissing sound, the omission takes place even in prose."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 175. "After _o_ it [the _w_] is sometimes not sounded at all; sometimes like a single _u_."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 3. "It is situation chiefly which decides _of_ the fortunes and characters of men."--HUME: _Priestley's Gram._, p. 159. "It is situation chiefly which decides the fortune (or, _concerning_ the fortune) and characters of men."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 201. "The vice of covetousness is what enters deeper into the soul than any other."--_Ib._, p. 167; _Ingersoll's_, 193; _Fisk's_, 103; _Campbell's Rhet._, 205. "Covetousness, of all vices, enters the deepest into the soul."--_Murray_, 167; _and others_. "Covetousness is what of all vices enters the deepest into the soul."--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. 205. "The vice of covetousness is what enters deepest into the soul of any other."--_Guardian_, No. 19. "_Would_ primarily denotes inclination of will; and _should_, obligation; but they both vary their import, and are often used to express simple event."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 43; _Murray's_, 89; _Fisk's_, 78; _Greenleaf's_, 27. "But they both vary their import, and are often used to express simple events."--_Comly's Gram._, p. 39; _Ingersoll's_, 137. "But they vary their import, and are often used to express simple event."--_Abel Flint's Gram._, p 42. "A double conjunctive, in two correspondent clauses of a sentence, is sometimes made use of: as, '_Had_ he done this, he _had_ escaped.'"--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 213; _Ingersoll's_, 269. "The pleasures of the understanding are preferable to those of the imagination, or of sense."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 191. "Claudian, in a fragment upon the wars of the giants, has contrived to render this idea of their throwing the mountains, which is in itself so grand, burlesque, and ridiculous."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 42. "To which not only no other writings are to be preferred, but even in divers respects not comparable."-- _Barclay's Works_, i, 53. "To distinguish them in the understanding, and treat of their several natures, in the same cool manner as we do with regard to other ideas."--_Sheridan's Elocution_, p. 137. "For it has nothing to do with parsing, or analyzing, language."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 19. Or: "For it has nothing to do with parsing, or analyzing, language."--_Ib., Second Edition_, p. 16. "Neither was that language [the Latin] ever so vulgar in Britain."--SWIFT: see _Blair's Rhet._, p. 228. "All that I propose is to give some openings into the pleasures of taste."--_Ib._, p. 28. "But it would have been better omitted in the following sentences."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 210. "But I think it had better be omitted in the following sentence."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 162. "They appear, in this case, like excrescences jutting out from the body, which had better have been wanted."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 326. "And therefore, the fable of the Harpies, in the third book of the Æneid, and the allegory of Sin and Death, in the second book of Paradise Lost, had been better omitted in these celebrated poems."--_Ib._, p. 430. "Ellipsis is an elegant Suppression (or the leaving out) of a Word, or Words in a Sentence."--_British Gram._, p. 234; _Buchanan's_, p. 131. "The article _a_ or _an_ had better be omitted in this construction."--_Blair's Gram._, p. 67. "Now suppose the articles had not been left out in these passages."--_Burke's Gram._, p. 27. "To give separate names to every one of those trees, would have been an endless and impracticable undertaking."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 72. "_Ei_, in general, sounds the same as long and slender _a_."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 12. "When a conjunction is used apparently redundant it is called Polysyndeton."--_Adam's Gram._, p. 236; _Gould's_, 229. "_Each, every, either, neither_, denote the persons or things which make up a number, as taken separately or distributively."-- _M'Culloch's Gram._, p. 31. "The Principal Sentence must be expressed by verbs in the Indicative, Imperative, or Potential Modes."--_Clark's Pract. Gram._, p. 133. "Hence he is diffuse, where he ought to have been pressing."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 246. "All manner of subjects admit of explaining comparisons."--_Ib._, p. 164; _Jamieson's Rhet._, 161. "The present or imperfect participle denotes action or being continued, but not perfected."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 78. "What are verbs? Those words which express what the nouns do"--_Fowle's True Eng. Gram._, p. 29.

"Of all those arts in which the wise excel,
Nature's chief masterpiece is writing well."
--_J. Sheffield, Duke of Buck_.

"Such was that muse whose rules and practice tell
Nature's chief masterpiece is writing well."
--_Pope, on Criticism_.

LESSON XIV.--THREE ERRORS.

"In some words the metaphorical sense has justled out the original sense altogether, so that in respect of it they are become obsolete."-- _Campbell's Rhet._, p. 323. "Sure never any mortal was so overwhelmed with grief as I am at this present."--_Sheridan's Elocution_, p. 138. "All languages differ from each other in their mode of inflexion."--_Bullions, E. Gram._, Pref., p. v. "Nouns and verbs are the only indispensable parts of speech--the one to express the subject spoken of, and the other the predicate or what is affirmed of it."--_M'Culloch's Gram._, p. 36. "The words in italics of the three latter examples, perform the office of substantives."--_L. Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 66. "Such a structure of a sentence is always the mark of careless writing."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 231. "Nothing is frequently more hurtful to the grace or vivacity of a period, than superfluous dragging words at the conclusion."--_Ib._, p. 205. "When its substantive is not joined to it, but referred to, or understood."-- _Lowth's Gram._, p. 24. "Yet they have always some substantive belonging to them, either referred to, or understood."--_Ib._, 24. "Because they define and limit the extent of the common name, or general term, to which they either refer, or are joined.'"--_Ib._, 24. "Every new object surprises, terrifies, and makes a strong impression on their mind."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 136. "His argument required to have been more fully unfolded, in order to make it be distinctly apprehended, and to give it its due force."--_Ib._, p. 230. "Participles which are derived from active verbs, will govern the objective case, the same as the verbs from which they are derived"--_Emmons's Gram._, p. 61. "Where, contrary to the rule, the nominative _I_ precedes, and the objective case _whom_ follows the verb."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 181. "The same conjunction governing both the indicative and the subjunctive moods, in the same sentence, and in the same circumstances, seems to be a great impropriety."--_Ib._, p. 207; _Smith's New Gram._, 173: see _Lowth's Gram._, p. 105; _Fisk's_, 128; and _Ingersoll's_, 266. "A nice discernment, and accurate attention to the best usage, are necessary to direct us, on these occasions."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 170. "The Greeks and Romans, the former especially, were, in truth, much more musical nations than we; their genius was more turned to delight in the melody of speech."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 123. "When the sense admits it, the sooner a circumstance is introduced, the better, that the more important and significant words may possess the last place, quite disencumbered."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, i, p. 309; _Parker and Fox's_, Part III, p. 88. "When the sense admits it, the sooner they are despatched, generally speaking, the better; that the more important and significant words may possess the last place, quite disencumbered."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 118. See also _Jamieson's Rhet._, p. 101. "Thus we find it, both in the Greek and Latin tongues."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 74. "A train of sentences, constructed in the same manner, and with the same number of members, should never be allowed to succeed one another."--_Ib._, p. 102; _Murray's Gram._, 8vo, Vol. i, p. 306; _Parker and Fox's Gram._, Part III, p. 86. "I proceed to lay down the rules to be observed in the conduct of metaphors, and which are much the same for tropes of every kind."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 143. "By a proper choice of words, we may produce a resemblance of other sounds which we mean to describe."--_Ib._, p. 129; _Murray's Gram._, 8vo, Vol. i, p. 331. "The disguise can almost never be so perfect, but it is discovered."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 259. "The sense admits of no other pause than after the second syllable 'sit,' which therefore must be the only pause made in the reading."--_Ib._, p. 333. "Not that I believe North America to be peopled so late as the twelfth century, the period of Madoc's migration."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 212. "Money and commodities will always flow to that country, where they are most wanted and will command the most profit."--_Ib._, p. 308. "That it contains no visible marks, of articles, which are the most important of all others, to a just delivery."-- _Sheridan's Elocution_, p. 13. "And of virtue, from its beauty, we call it a fair and favourite maid."--_Mack's Gram._, p. 66. "The definite article may agree with nouns in the singular and plural number."--_Infant School Gram._, p. 130.

LESSON XV.--MANY ERRORS.

(1.) "A compound word is included under the head of derivative words."-- _Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 23. (2.) "An Apostrophe, marked thus ' is used to abbreviate or shorten a word. Its chief use is to show the genitive case of nouns."--_Ib._, p. 281.[449] (3.) "A Hyphen, marked thus - is employed in connecting compounded words. It is also used when a word is divided."-- _Ib._, p. 282. (4.) "The Acute Accent, marked thus ´: as, '_Fáncy_.' The Grave thus ` as, '_Fàvour_'"--_Ib._, p. 282. (5.) "The stress is laid on long and short syllables indiscriminately. In order to distinguish the one from the other, some writers of dictionaries have placed the grave on the former, and the acute on the latter."--_Ib._, 282. (6.) "A Diæresis, thus marked ¨, consists of two points placed over one of the two vowels that would otherwise make a diphthong, and parts them into syllables."--_Ib._, 282. (7.) "A Section marked thus §, is the division of a discourse, or chapter, into less parts or portions."--_Ib._, 282. (8.) "A Paragraph ¶ denotes the beginning of a new subject, or a sentence not connected with the foregoing. This character is chiefly used in the Old and in the New Testaments."--_Ib._, 282. (9.) "A Quotation " ". Two inverted commas are generally placed at the beginning of a phrase or a passage, which is quoted or transcribed from the speaker or author in his own words; and two commas in their direct position, are placed at the conclusion."--_Ib._, 282. (10.) "A Brace is used in poetry at the end of a triplet or three lines, which have the same rhyme. Braces are also used to connect a number of words with one common term, and are introduced to prevent a repetition in writing or printing."--_Ib._, p. 283. (11.) "Two or three asterisks generally denote the omission of some letters in a word, or of some bold or indelicate expression, or some defect in the manuscript."--_Ib._, 283. (12.) "An Ellipsis ---- is also used, when some letters in a word, or some words in a verse, are omitted."--_Ib._, 283. (13.) "An Obelisk, which is marked thus [dagger], and Parallels thus ||, together with the letters of the Alphabet, and figures, are used as references to the margin, or bottom of the page."--_Ib._, 283. (14.) "A note of interrogation should not be employed, in cases where it is only said a question has been asked, and where the words are not used as a question. 'The Cyprians asked me why I wept.'"--_Ib._, p. 279; _Comly_, 163; _Ingersoll_, 291; _Fisk_, 157; _Flint_, 113. (15.) "A point of interrogation is improper after sentences which are not questions, but only expressions of admiration, or of some other emotion."--_Same authors and places_. (16.) "The parenthesis incloses in the body of a sentence a member inserted into it, which is neither necessary to the sense, nor at all affects the construction."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 124. (17.) "Simple members connected by relatives, and comparatives, are for the most part distinguished by a comma." [450]--_Ib._, p. 121. (18.) "Simple members of sentences connected by comparatives, are, for the most part, distinguished by a comma."--_L. Murray's Gram._, p 272; _Alden's_, 148; _Ingersoll's_, 284. See the same words without the last two commas, in _Comly's Gram._, p. 149; _Alger's_, 79; _Merchant's Murray_, 143:--and this again, with a _different sense_, made by a comma before "_connected_," in _Smith's New Gram._, 190; _Abel Flint's_, 103. (19.) "Simple members of sentences connected by comparatives, are for the most part distinguished by the comma."--_Russell's Gram._, p. 115. (20.) "Simple members of sentences, connected by comparatives, should generally be distinguished by a comma."--_Merchant's School Gram._, p. 150. (21.) "Simple members of sentences connected by _than_ or _so_, or that express contrast or comparison, should, generally, be divided by a comma."--_Jaudon's Gram._, p. 185. (22.) "Simple members of sentences, connected by comparatives, if they be long, are separated by a comma."--_Cooper's New Gram._, p. 195. See the same without the first comma, in _Cooper's Murray_, p. 183. (23.) "Simple members of sentences connected by comparatives, and phrases placed in opposition to, or in contrast with, each other, are separated by commas."--_Bullions_, p. 153; _Hiley_, 113. (24.) "On which ever word we lay the emphasis, whether on the first, second, third, or fourth, it strikes out a different sense."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 243. (25.) "To inform those who do not understand sea phrases, that, 'We tacked to the larboard, and stood off to sea,' would be expressing ourselves very obscurely."--_Ib._, p. 296; _and Hiley's Gram._, p. 151. (26.) "Of dissyllables, which are at once nouns and verbs, the verb has commonly the accent on the latter, and the noun, on the former syllable."--_Murray_, p. 237. (27.) "And this gives our language a superior advantage to most others, in the poetical and rhetorical style."--_Id. ib._, p. 38; _Ingersoll_, 27; _Fisk_, 57. (28.) "And this gives the English an advantage above most other languages in the poetical and rhetorical style."--_Lowth's Gram_, p. 19. (29.) "The second and third scholar may read the same sentence; and as many, as it is necessary to learn it perfectly to the whole."--_Osborn's Key_, p. 4.

(30.) "Bliss is the name in subject as a king,
In who obtain defence, or who defend."
--_Bullions, E. Gram._, p. 178.

LESSON XVI.--MANY ERRORS.

"The Japanese, the Tonquinese, and the Corceans, speak different languages from one another, and from the inhabitants of China, but use, with these last people, the same written characters; a proof that the Chinese characters are like hieroglyphics, independent of language."--_Jamieson's Rhet._, p. 18. "The Japanese, the Tonquinese, and the Corceans, who speak different languages from one another, and from the inhabitants of China, use, however, the same written characters with them; and by this means correspond intelligibly with each other in writing, though ignorant of the language spoken in their several countries; a plain proof," &c.--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 67. "The curved line is made square instead of round, for the reason beforementioned."--_Knight, on the Greek Alphabet_, p. 6. "Every one should content himself with the use of those tones only that he is habituated to in speech, and to give none other to emphasis, but what he would do to the same words in discourse. Thus whatever he utters will be done with ease, and appear natural."--_Sheridan's Elocution_, p. 103. "Stops, or pauses, are a total cessation of sound during a perceptible, and in numerous compositions, a measurable space of time."--_Ib._, p. 104. "Pauses or rests, in speaking and reading, are a total cessation of the voice during a perceptible, and, in many cases, a measurable space of time."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 248; _English Reader_, p. 13; _Goldsbury's Gr._, 76; _Kirkham's_, 208; _Felton's_, 133; _et al._ "Nouns which express a small one of the kind are called _Diminutive Nouns_; as, lambkin, hillock, satchel, gosling, from lamb, hill, sack, goose."--_Bullions, E. Gram._, 1837, p. 9. "What is the cause that nonsense so often escapes being detected, both by the writer and by the reader?"--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. xi, and 280. "An Interjection is a word used to express sudden emotion. They are so called, because they are generally thrown in between the parts of a sentence without reference to the structure of the other parts of it."--_M'Culloch's Gram._, p. 36. "_Ought_ (in duty bound) _oughtest, oughtedst_, are it's only inflections."--_Mackintosh's Gram._, p. 165. "But the arrangment, government, agreement, and dependence of one word upon another, are referred to our reason."--_Osborn's Key, Pref._, p. 3. "_Me_ is a personal pronoun, first person singular, and the accusative case."--_Guy's Gram._, p. 20. "The substantive _self_ is added to a pronoun; as, herself, himself, &c.; and when thus united, is called a reciprocal pronoun."--_Ib._, p. 18. "One cannot avoid thinking that our author had done better to have begun the first of these three sentences, with saying, _it is novelty which bestows charms on a monster_, &c."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 207. "The idea which they present to us of nature's resembling art, of art's being considered as an original, and nature as a copy,[451] seems not very distinct nor well brought out, nor indeed very material to our author's purpose."--_Ib._, p. 220. "The present construction of the sentence, has plainly been owing to hasty and careless writing."--_Ib._, p. 220. "Adverbs serve to modify, or to denote some circumstance of an action, or of a quality, relative to its time, place, order, degree, and the other properties of it, which we have occasion to specify."--_Ib._, p. 84. "The more that any nation is improved by science, and the more perfect their language becomes, we may naturally expect that it will abound more with connective particles."--_Ib._, p. 85. "Mr. Greenleaf's book is by far the best adapted for learners of any that has yet appeared on the subject."--DR. FELTUS and BP. ONDERDONK: _Greenleaf's Gram._, p. 2. "Punctuation is the art of marking in writing the several pauses, or rests, between sentences, and the parts of sentences, according to their proper quantity or proportion, as they are expressed in a just and accurate pronunciation."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 114. "A compound sentence must be resolved into simple ones, and separated by commas."--_Greenleaf's Gram._, p. 41; _Allen Fisk's_, 155.[452] "Simple sentences should be separated from each other by commas, unless such sentences are connected by a conjunction: as, 'Youth is passing away, age is approaching and death is near.'"--_Hall's Gram._, p. 36. "_V_ has the sound of flat _f_, and bears the same relation to it, as _b_ does to _p, d_ to _t_, hard _g_ to _k_, and _z_ to _s_. It has one uniform sound."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 17; _Fisk's_, 42. "_V_ is flat _f_, and bears the same relation to it as _b_ does to _p, d_ to _t_, hard _g_ to _k_, and _z_ to _s_. It is never irregular."--_Walker's Dict._, p. 52. "_V_ has the sound of flat _f_; and bears the same relation to it as _z_ does to _s_. It has one uniform sound."--_Greenleaf's Gram._, p. 20. "The author is explaining the distinction, between the powers of sense and imagination in the human mind."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, Vol. i, p. 343. [The author is endeavouring] "to explain a very abstract point, the distinction between the powers of sense and imagination in the human mind."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 164. "HE (Anglo-Saxon _he_) is a Personal pronoun, of the Third Person, Masculine Gender (Decline he), of the singular number, in the nominative case."--_Fowler's E. Gram._, 8vo, 1850, §589.

FALSE SYNTAX UNDER THE CRITICAL NOTES.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE I.--OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH.

"The passive voice denotes a being acted upon."--_Maunders Gram._, p. 6.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the term "_being acted upon_" as here used, suggests a doubt concerning its classification in parsing. But, according to Critical Note 1st, "Words that may constitute different parts of speech, must not be left doubtful as to their classification, or to what part of speech they belong." Therefore, the phraseology should be altered; thus, "The passive voice denotes _an action received_." Or; "The passive voice denotes _the receiving of an_ action."]

"Milton, in some of his prose works, has very finely turned periods."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 127; _Jamieson's_, 129. "These will be found to be all, or chiefly, of that class."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 32. "All appearances of an author's affecting harmony, are disagreeable."--_Ib._, p. 127; _Jamieson_, 128. "Some nouns have a double increase, that is, increase by more syllables than one; as, _iter, itin~eris_."--_Adam's Gram._, p. 255; _Gould's_, 241. "The powers of man are enlarged by advancing cultivation."--_Gurney's Essays_, p. 62. "It is always important to begin well; to make a favourable impression at first setting out."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 307. "For if one take a wrong method at first setting out, it will lead him astray in all that follows."--_Ib._, 313. "His mind is full of his subject, and his words are all expressive."--_Ib._, 179. "How exquisitely is this all performed in Greek!"--_Harris's Hermes_, p. 422. "How little is all this to satisfy the ambition of an immortal soul!"-- _Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 253. "So as to exhibit the object in its full and most striking point of view."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 41. "And that the author know how to descend with propriety to the plain, as well as how to rise to the bold and figured style."--_Ib._, p. 401. "The heart can only answer to the heart."--_Ib._, p. 259. "Upon its first being perceived."--_Harris's Hermes_, p. 229. "Call for Samson, that he may make us sport."--_Judges_, xvi, 25. "And he made them sport."--_Ibid._ "The term _suffer_ in this definition is used in a technical sense, and means simply the receiving of an action, or the being acted upon."--_Bullions_, p. 29. "The Text is what is only meant to be taught in Schools."--_Brightland, Pref._, p. ix. "The perfect participle denotes action or being perfected or finished."-- _Kirkham's Gram._, p. 78. "From the intricacy and confusion which are produced by their being blended together."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 66. "This very circumstance of a word's being employed antithetically, renders it important in the sentence."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 121. "It [the pronoun _that_] is applied to both persons and things."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 53. "Concerning us, as being every where evil spoken of."--_Barclay's Works_, Vol. ii, p. vi. "Every thing beside was buried in a profound silence."--_Steele_. "They raise more full conviction than any reasonings produce."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 367. "It appears to me no more than a fanciful refinement."--_Ib._, p. 436. "The regular resolution throughout of a complete passage."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. vii. "The infinitive is known by its being immediately preceded by the word _to_."--_Maunders Gram._, p. 6. "It will not be gaining much ground to urge that the basket, or vase, is understood to be the capital."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, Vol. ii, p. 356. "The disgust one has to drink ink in reality, is not to the purpose where the subject is drinking ink figuratively."--_Ib._, ii, 231. "That we run not into the extreme of pruning so very close."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 111. "Being obliged to rest for a little on the preposition by itself."--_Ib._, p. 112; _Jamieson's Rhet._, 93. "Being obliged to rest a little on the preposition by itself."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 319. "Our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is none abiding."--_1 Chron._, xxix, 15. "There maybe a more particular expression attempted, of certain objects, by means of resembling sounds."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 129; _Jamieson's_, 130; _Murray's Gram._, 331. "The right disposition of the shade, makes the light and colouring strike the more."--_Blair's Rhet._, 144. "I observed that a diffuse style inclines most to long periods."--_Ib._, p. 178. "Their poor Arguments, which they only Pickt up and down the Highway "--_Divine Right of Tythes_, p. iii. "Which must be little, but a transcribing out of their writings."--_Barclay's Works_, iii, 353. "That single impulse is a forcing out of almost all the breath."--_Rush, on the Voice_, p. 254. "Picini compares modulation to the turning off from a road."--_Gardiner's Music of Nature_, p. 405. "So much has been written, on and off, of almost every subject."--_The Friend_, ii, 117. "By reading books written by the best authors, his mind became highly improved."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 201. "For I never made the being richly provided a token of a spiritual ministry."--_Barclay's Works_, iii, 470.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE II.--OF DOUBTFUL REFERENCE.

"However disagreeable, we must resolutely perform our duty."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 171.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the adjective _disagreeable_ appears to relate to the pronoun _we_, though such a relation was probably not intended by the author. But, according to Critical Note 2d, "The reference of words to other words, or their syntactical relation according to the sense, should never be left doubtful, by any one who means to be understood." The sentence may be amended thus: "However disagreeable _the task_, we must resolutely perform our duty."]

"The formation of verbs in English, both regular and irregular, is derived from the Saxon."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 47. "Time and chance have an influence on all things human, and on nothing more remarkably than on language."--_Campbell's Rhet._, p. 180. "Time and chance have an influence on all things human, and on nothing more remarkable than on language."--_Jamieson's Rhet._, p. 47. "Archytases being a virtuous man, who happened to perish once upon a time, is with him a sufficient ground," &c.--_Philological Museum_, i, 466. "He will be the better qualified to understand, with accuracy, the meaning of a numerous class of words, in which they form a material part."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 120. "We should continually have the goal in view, which would direct us in the race."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 172. "But [Addison's figures] seem to rise of their own accord from the subject, and constantly embellish it."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 150; _Jamieson's_, 157. "As far as persons and other animals and things that we can see go, it is very easy to distinguish Nouns."--_Cobbett's Gram._, ¶14. "Dissyllables ending in _y, e_ mute, or accented on the last syllable, may be sometimes compared like monosyllables."--_Frost's El. of Gram._, p. 12. "Admitting the above objection, it will not overrule the design."--_Rush, on the Voice_, p. 140. "These philosophical innovators forget, that objects are like men, known only by their actions."--_Dr. Murray's Hist. of Lang._, i, 326. "The connexion between words and ideas is arbitrary and conventional, owing to the agreement of men among themselves."--_Jamieson's Rhet._, p. 1. "The connexion between words and ideas may, in general, be considered as arbitrary and conventional, owing to the agreement of men among themselves."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 53. "A man whose inclinations led him to be corrupt, and had great abilities to manage and multiply and defend his corruptions."--_Swift_. "They have no more control over him than any other men."--_Wayland's Moral Science_, 1st Ed., p. 372. "His old words are all true English, and numbers exquisite."--_Spectator_, No. 540. "It has been said, that not only Jesuits can equivocate."--_Murray's Exercises_, 8vo, p. 121. "It has been said, that Jesuits can not only equivocate."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 253. "The nominative of the first and second person in Latin is seldom expressed."--_Adam's Gram._, p. 154; _Gould's_, 157. "Some words are the same in both numbers."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 40; _Ingersoll's_, 18; _Fisk's_, 59; _Kirkham's_, 39; _W. Allen's_, 42; et al. "Some nouns are the same in both numbers."--_Merchant's Gram._, p. 29; _Smith's_, 45; et al. "Others are the same in both numbers; as, _deer, swine_, &c."--_Frost's El. of Gram._, p. 8. "The following list denotes the sounds of the consonants, being in number twenty-two."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 6; _Fisk's_, 36. "And is the ignorance of these peasants a reason for others to remain ignorant; or to render the subject a less becoming inquiry?"--_Harris's Hermes_, p. 293; _Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 288. "He is one of the most correct, and perhaps the best, of our prose writers."--_Lowth's Gram., Pref._, p. iv., "The motions of a vortex and a whirlwind are perfectly similar."--_Jamieson's Rhet._, p. 131. "What I have been saying throws light upon one important verse in the Bible, which I should like to have read."--_Abbott's Teacher_, p. 182. "When there are any circumstances of time, place, or other limitations, which the principal object of our sentence requires to have connected with it."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 115; _Jamieson's Rhet._, 98; _Murray's Gram._, i, 322. "Interjections are words used to express emotion, affection, or passion, and imply suddenness."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 77. "But the genitive is only used to express the measure of things in the plural number."--_Adam's Gram._, p. 200; _Gould's_, 198. "The buildings of the institution have been enlarged; the expense of which, added to the increased price of provisions, renders it necessary to advance the terms of admission."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 183. "These sentences are far less difficult than complex."--_S. S. Greene's Analysis, or Grammar_, 1st Ed., p. 179.

"Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learn'd to stray."--_Gray's Elegy_.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE III.--OF DEFINITIONS.

(1.) "_Definition_ is such a description of things as exactly describes the thing and that thing only."--_Blair's Gram._, p. 135.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because this definition of a _definition_ is not accurately adapted to the thing. But, according to Critical Note 3d, "A definition, in order to be perfect, must include the whole thing, or class of things, which it pretends to define, and exclude every thing which comes not under the name." [453] The example may be amended thus: "A definition is a _short and lucid_ description of a _thing, or species, according to its nature and properties._"]

(2.) "Language, in general, signifies the expression of our ideas by certain articulate sounds, which are used as the signs of those ideas."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 53. (3.) "A WORD is an articulate _sound_ used by common consent as the sign of an idea,"--_Bullions, Analyt. and Pract. Gr._, p. 17. (4.) "A word is a sound, or combination of sounds, which is used in the expression of thought"--_Hazen's Gram._, p. 12. (5.) "_Words_ are articulate sounds, used as _signs_ to convey our ideas."--_Hiley's Gram._, p. 5. (6.) "A _word_ is a number of letters used together to represent some idea."--_Hart's E. Gram._, p. 28. (7.) "A _Word_ is a combination of letters, used as the sign of an idea."--_S. W. Clark's Practical Gram._, p. 9. (8.) "A _word_ is a letter or a combination of letters, used as the sign of an idea."--_Wells's School Gram._, p. 41. (9.) "Words are articulate sounds, by which ideas are communicated."--_Wright's Gram._, p. 28. (10.) "Words are certain articulate sounds used by common consent as signs of our ideas."--_Bullions, Principles of E. Gram._, p. 6; _Lat. Gram._, 6; see _Lowth, Murray, Smith, et al._ (11.) "Words are sounds used as signs of our ideas."--_W. Allen's Gram._, p. 30. (12.) "Orthography means _word-making_ or _spelling_.'"--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 19; _Smith's New Gram._, p. 41. (13.) "A vowel is a letter, the name of which constitutes a full, open sound."--_Hazen's Gram._, p. 10; _Lennie's, 5; Brace's, 7._ (14.) "Spelling is the art of reading by naming the letters singly, and rightly dividing words into their syllables. Or, in writing, it is the expressing of a word by its proper letters."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 5; _Churchill's_, 20. (15.) "Spelling is the art of rightly dividing words into their syllables, or of expressing a word by its proper letters."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 21; _Ingersoll's, 6; Merchant's, 10; Alger's, 12; Greenleaf's, 20_; and others. (16) "Spelling is the art of expressing words by their proper letters; or of rightly dividing words into syllables."--_Comly's Gram._, p. 8. (17.) "Spelling is the art of expressing a word by its proper letters, and rightly dividing it into syllables."--_Bullions's Princ. of E. Gram._, p. 2. (18.) "Spelling is the art of expressing a word by its proper letters."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 23; _Sanborn's_, p. 259. (19.) "A syllable is a sound either simple or compounded, pronounced by a single impulse of the voice, and constituting a word or part of a word."--_Lowth_, p. 5; _Murray_, 21; _Ingersoll_, 6; _Fisk_, 11; _Greenleaf_, 20: _Merchant_, 9; _Alger_, 12; _Bucke_, 15; _Smith_, 118; _et al_. (20.) "A Syllable is a complete Sound uttered in one Breath."--_British Gram._, p. 32; _Buchanan's_, 5. (21.) "A syllable is a distinct sound, uttered by a single impulse of the voice."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 20. (22.) "A Syllable is a distinct sound forming the whole of a word, or so much of it as can be sounded at once."--_Bullions, E. Gr._, p. 2. (23.) "A _syllable_ is a word, or part of a word, or as much as can be sounded at once."--_Picket's Gram._, p. 10. (24.) "A diphthong is the union of two Vowels, both of which are pronounced as one: as in bear and beat."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 15. (25.) "A diphthong consists of two vowels, forming one syllable; as, _ea_, in _beat_."--_Guy's Gram._, p. 2. (26.) "A triphthong consists of three vowels forming one syllable; as, _eau_ in _beauty_."--_Ib._ (27.) "But the Triphthong is the union of three Vowels, pronounced as one."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 15. (28.) "What is a Noun Substantive? A Noun Substantive is the thing itself; as, a Man, a Boy."--_British Gram._, p. 85; _Buchanan's_, 26. (29.) "An adjective is a word added to nouns to describe them."--_Maunder's Gram._, p. 1. (30.) "An adjective is a word joined to a noun, to describe or define it."--_Smith's New Gram._, p. 51. (31.) "An adjective is a word used to describe or define a noun."--_Wilcox's Gram._, p. 2. (32.) "The adjective is added to the noun, to express the quality of it"--_Murray's Gram._, 12mo, 2d Ed., p. 27; _Lowth_, p. 6. (33.) "An adjective expresses the quality of the noun to which it is applied; and may generally be known by its making sense in connection with it; as, 'A _good_ man,' 'A _genteel_ woman.'"--_Wright's Gram._, p. 34. (34.) "An adverb is a word used to modify the sense of other words."--_Wilcox's Gram._, p. 2. (35.) "An adverb is a word joined to a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, to modify or denote some circumstance respecting it."--_Bullions, E. Gram._, p. 66; _Lat. Gram._, 185. (36.) "A Substantive or Noun is a name given to every object which the senses can perceive; the understanding comprehend; or the imagination entertain."--_Wright's Gram._, p. 34. (37.) "GENDER means the distinction of nouns with regard to sex."--_Bullions, Prin. of E. Gram._, 2d Ed., p. 9. (38.) "Gender is a distinction of nouns with regard to sex."--_Frost's Gram._, p. 7. (39.) "Gender is a distinction of nouns in regard to sex."--_Perley's Gram._, p. 10. (40.) "Gender is the distinction of nouns, in regard to sex."--_Cooper's Murray_, 24; _Practical Gram._, 21. (41.) "Gender is the distinction of nouns with regard to sex."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 37; _Alger's_, 16; _Bacon's_, 12; _R. G. Greene's_, 16; _Bullions, Prin._, 5th Ed., 9; _his New Gr._, 22; _Fisk's_, 19; _Hull's_, 9; _Ingersoll's_, 15. (42.) "Gender is the distinction of sex."--_Alden's Gram._, p. 9; _Comly's_, 20; _Dalton's_, 11; _Davenport's_, 15; _J. Flint's_, 28; A. _Flint's_, 11; _Greenleaf's_, 21; _Guy's_, 4; _Hart's_, 36; _Hiley's_, 12; _Kirkham's_, 34; _Lennie's_, 11; _Picket's_, 25; _Smith's_, 43; _Sanborn's_, 25; _Wilcox's_, 8. (43.) "Gender is the distinction of Sex, or the Difference betwixt Male and Female."--_British Gram._, p. 94; _Buchanan's_, 18. (44.) "Why are nouns divided into genders? To distinguish their sexes."--_Fowle's True Eng. Gram._, p. 10. (45.) "What is meant by _Gender?_ The different sexes."--_Burn's Gram._, p. 34. (46) "Gender, in grammar, is a difference of termination, to express distinction of sex."--_Webster's Philos. Gram._, p 30; _Improved Gram._, 22. (47.) "Gender signifies a distinction of nouns, according to the different sexes of things they denote."--_Coar's Gram._, p. 2. (48.) "Gender is the distinction occasioned by sex. Though there are but two sexes, still nouns necessarily admit of four distinctions[454] of gender."--_Hall's Gram._, p. 6. (49.) "Gender is a term which is employed for the distinction of nouns with regard to sex and species."--_Wright's Gram._, p. 41. (50.) "Gender is a Distinction of Sex."--_Fisher's Gram._, p. 53. (51.) "GENDER marks the distinction of Sex."--_W. Allen's Gram._, p. 37. (52.) "_Gender_ means the kind, or sex. There are four genders."--_Parker and Fox's, Part I_, p. 7. (53.) "Gender is a property of the noun which distinguishes sex."--_Weld's Gram._, 2d Ed., p. 57. (54.) "Gender is a property of the noun or pronoun by which it distinguishes sex."--_Weld's Grammar Abridged_, p. 49. (55.) "Case is the state or condition of a noun with respect to the other words in a sentence."--_Bullion's, E. Gram._, p. 16; _his Analyt. and Pract. Gram._, p. 31. (56.) "_Case_ means the different state or situation of nouns with regard to other words."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 55. (57.) "The cases of substantives signify their different terminations, which serve to express the relation of one thing to another."--_L. Murray's Gram._, 12mo, 2d Ed., p. 35. (58.) "Government is the power which one _part of speech_ has over _another_, when it causes it or requires it to be of some particular person, number, gender, case, style, or mode."--_Sanborn's Gram._, p. 126; see _Murray's Gram._, 142; _Smith's_, 119; _Pond's_, 88; _et al_. (59.) "A simple sentence is a sentence which contains only one nominative case and one verb to agree with it."--_Sanborn, ib._; see _Murray's Gram., et al_. (60.) "Declension means putting a noun through the different cases."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 58. (61.) "Zeugma is when two or more substantives have a verb in common, which is applicable only to one of them."--_B. F. Fisk's Greek Gram._, p. 185. (62.) "An Irregular Verb is that which has its passed tense and perfect participle terminating differently; as, smite, smote, smitten."--_Wright's Gram._, p. 92. (63.) "_Personal_ pronouns are employed as substitutes for nouns that denote _persons_."--_Hiley's Gram._, p. 23.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE IV.--OF COMPARISONS.

"We abound more in vowel and diphthong sounds, than most languages."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 89.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the terms _we_ and _languages_, which are here used to form a comparison, express things which are totally unlike. But, according to Critical Note 4th, "A comparison is a form of speech which requires some similarity or common property in the things compared; without which, it becomes a solecism." Therefore, the expression ought to be changed; thus, "_Our language abounds_ more in vowel and diphthong sounds, than most _other tongues_." Or: "We abound more in vowel and _diphthongal_ sounds, than most _nations_."]

"A line thus accented, has a more spirited air, than when the accent is placed on any other syllable."--_Kames, El. of Crit._, Vol. ii, p. 86. "Homer introduceth his deities with no greater ceremony than as mortals; and Virgil has still less moderation."--_Ib._, Vol. ii, p. 287. "Which the more refined taste of later writers, who had far inferior genius to them, would have taught them to avoid."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 28. "The poetry, however, of the Book of Job, is not only equal to that of any other of the sacred writings, but is superior to them all, except those of Isaiah alone."--_Ib._, p. 419. "On the whole, Paradise Lost is a poem that abounds with beauties of every kind, and that justly entitles its author to a degree of fame not inferior to any poet."--_Ib._, p. 452. "Most of the French writers compose in short sentences; though their style in general, is not concise; commonly less so than the bulk of English writers, whose sentences are much longer."--_Ib._, p. 178. "The principles of the Reformation were deeper in the prince's mind than to be easily eradicated."--HUME: _Cobbett's E. Gram._, ¶217. "Whether they do not create jealousy and animosity more hurtful than the benefit derived from them."--DR. J. LEO WOLF: _Lit. Conv._, p. 250. "The Scotch have preserved the ancient character of their music more entire than any other country."--_Music of Nature_, p. 461. "When the time or quantity of one syllable exceeds the rest, that syllable readily receives the accent."--_Rush, on the Voice_, p. 277. "What then can be more obviously true than that it should be made as just as we can?"--_Dymond's Essays_, p. 198. "It was not likely that they would criminate themselves more than they could avoid."--_Clarkson's Hist., Abridged_, p. 76. "Their understandings were the most acute of any people who have ever lived."--_Knapp's Lectures_, p32. "The patentees have printed it with neat types, and upon better paper than was done formerly."--_Lily's Gram., Pref._, p. xiii. "In reality, its relative use is not exactly like any other word."--_Felch's Comprehensive Gram._, p. 62. "Thus, instead of two books, which are required, (the grammar and the exercises,) the learner finds both in one, for a price at least not greater than the others."--_Bullions's E. Gram._, Recom., p. iii; _New Ed._, Recom., p. 6. "They are not improperly regarded as pronouns, though in a sense less strict than the others"--_Ib._, p. 199. "We have had the opportunity, as will readily be believed, of becoming conversant with the case much more particularly, than the generality of our readers can be supposed to have had."--_The British Friend_, 11mo, 29th, 1845.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE V.--OF FALSITIES.

"The long sound of _i_ is compounded of the sound of _a_, as heard in _ball_, and that of _e_, as heard in _be_."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 3.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the sentence falsely teaches, that the long sound of _i_ is that of the diphthong heard in _oil_ or _boy_. But, according to Critical Note 5th, "Sentences that convey a meaning manifestly false, should be changed, rejected, or contradicted; because they distort language from its chief end, or only worthy use; which is, to state facts, and to tell the truth." The error may be corrected thus: "The long sound of _i_ is _like a very quick union_ of the sound of _a_, as heard in _bar_, and that of _e_, as heard in _be_."]

"The omission of a word necessary to grammatical propriety, is called ELLIPSIS."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 45. "Every substantive is of the third person."--_Alexander Murray's Gram._, p. 91. "A noun, when the subject is spoken _to_, is in the second person; and when spoken _of_, it is in the third person; but never in the first."--_Nutting's Gram._, p. 17. "With us, no substantive nouns have gender, or are masculine and feminine, except the proper names of male and female creatures."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 156. "Apostrophe is a little mark signifying that something is shortened; as, for William his hat, we say, William's hat."--_Infant School Gram._, p. 30. "When a word beginning with a vowel is coupled with one beginning with a consonant, the indefinite article must be repeated; thus, 'Sir Matthew Hale was _a_ noble and _an_ impartial judge;' 'Pope was _an_ elegant and _a_ nervous writer.'"--_Maunder's Gram._, p. 11. "_W_ and _y_ are consonants, when they begin a word or syllable; but in every other situation they are vowels."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 7: _Bacon, Comly, Cooper, Fish, Ingersoll, Kirkham, Smith, et al_. "_The_ is used before all adjectives and substantives, let them begin as they will."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 26. "Prepositions are also prefixed to words in such manner, as to coalesce with them, and to become a part of them."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 66. "But _h_ is entirely silent at the beginning of syllables not accented, as _historian_."--_Blair's Gram._, p. 5. "Any word that will make sense with _to_ before it, is a verb."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 44. "Verbs do not, in reality, express actions; but they are intrinsically the mere _names_ of actions."--_Ib._, p. 37. "The nominative is the actor or subject, and the active verb is the action performed by the nominative."--_Ib._, p. 45. "If, therefore, only one creature or thing acts, only one action, at the same instant, can be done; as, the _girl writes_."--_Ib._, 45. "The verb _writes_ denotes but one action, which the girl performs; therefore the verb _writes_ is of the singular number."--_Ib._, 45. "And when I say, Two men _walk_, is it not equally apparent, that _walk_ is plural, because it expresses _two_ actions?"--_Ib._, p. 47. "The subjunctive mood is formed by adding a conjunction to the indicative mood."--_Beck's Gram._, p. 16. "The possessive case should always be distinguished by the apostrophe."-- _Frost's El. of Gram._, Rule 44th, p. 49. "'At these proceedings of the commons,'--Here _of_ is the sign of the genitive or possessive case, and _commons_ is of that case, governed of proceedings."--_Alex. Murray's Gram._, p. 95. "Here let it be observed again that, strictly speaking, no verbs have numbers nor persons, neither have nouns nor pronouns persons, when they refer to irrational creatures and inanimate things."--_S. Barrett's Gram._, p. 136. "The noun or pronoun denoting the person or thing addressed or spoken to, is in the nominative case independent."--_Frost's El. of Gram._, Rule 8th, p. 44. "Every noun, when addressed, becomes of the second person, and is in the nominative case absolute; as--'_Paul_, thou art beside thyself.'"--_Jaudon's Gram._, Rule 19th, p. 108. "Does the Conjunction join Words together? No; only Sentences."--_British Gram._, p. 103. "No; the Conjunction only joins sentences together."--_Buchanan's Gram._, p. 64. "Every Genitive has a Noun to govern it, expressed or understood; as, St. James's, _Palace_ is understood; therefore one Genitive cannot govern another."--_Ib._, p. 111. "Every adjective, and every adjective pronoun, belongs to a substantive, expressed or understood."-- _Murray's Gram._, p. 161; _Bacon's_, 48; _Alger's_, 57; _et al_. "Every adjective qualifies a substantive expressed or understood."--_Bullions, E. Gram._, p. 97. "Every adjective belongs to some noun expressed or understood."--_Ingersoll's Gram._, p. 36. "Adjectives belong to the nouns which they describe."--_Smith's New Gram._, p. 137. "Adjectives must agree with the nouns, which they qualify."--_Fisk's Murray_, p. 101. "The Adjective must agree with its Substantive in Number."--_Buchanan's Gram._, p. 94. "Every adjective and participle belongs to some noun or pronoun expressed or understood."--_Frost's El. of Gram._, p. 44. "Every Verb of the Infinitive Mood, supposes a verb before it expressed or understood."--_Buchanan's Gram._, p. 94. "Every Adverb has its Verb expressed or understood."--_Ib._, p. 94. "Conjunctions which connect Sentence to Sentence, are always placed betwixt the two Propositions or Sentences which they unite."--_Ib._, p. 88. "The words _for all that_, seem to be too low."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 213. "_For all that_ seems to be too low and vulgar."--_Priestley's Gram._, p. 139. "The reader, or hearer, then, understands from _and_, that he is to add something."--_J. Brown's E. Syntax_, p. 124. "But _and_ never, never connects one _thing_ with another thing, nor one _word_ with another word."--_Ib._, p. 122. "'Six, and six are twelve.' Here it is affirmed that, _six is twelve_!"--_Ib._, p. 120. "'John, and his wife have six children.' This is an instance of gross _catachresis_. It is here affirmed that John has six children, and that his wife has six children."--_Ib._, p. 122. "Nothing which is not right can be great."--_Murray's Exercises_, 8vo, p. 146: see _Rambler_, No. 185. "Nothing can be great which is not right."--_Murray's Key_, 8vo, p. 277. "The highest degree of reverence should be paid to youth."--_Ib._, p. 278. "There is, in many minds, neither knowledge nor understanding."--_Murray's Gram._, 8vo, p. 151; _Russell's_, 84; _Alger's_, 54; _Bacon's_, 47; _et al_. "Formerly, what we call the objective cases of our pronouns, were employed in the same manner as our present nominatives are."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p. 164. "As it respects a choice of words and expressions, no rules of grammar can materially aid the learner."--_S. S. Greene's Gram._, 1st Ed., p. 202. "Whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, is a Noun."--_Fowler's E. Gram._, 8vo, 1850, §137. "As all men are not brave, _brave_ is itself comparative."--_Ib._, §190.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE VI.--OF ABSURDITIES.

(1.) "And sometimes two unaccented syllables follow each other."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 384.

[FORMULE.--Not proper, because the phrase, "_follow each other_," is here an absurdity; it being impossible for two things to "follow each other," except they alternate, or whirl round. But, according to Critical Note 6th, "Absurdities, of every kind, are contrary to grammar; because they are contrary to reason, or good sense, which is the foundation of grammar." Therefore, a different expression should here be chosen; thus: "And sometimes two unaccented syllables _come together_." Or: "And sometimes _one_ unaccented _syllable follows an_ other."]