Chapter X: 1838 (continued) (4)

[345] Princess Marie of Orleans, daughter of King Louis Philippe. See _ante_, p. 78.

[346] These rooms, partly remodelled and redecorated, are now occupied by Queen Mary. Up to the death of Queen Victoria no material change was made in them. In 1901 they were much altered, although the main features remain as before.

[347] Sir Moses Montefiore (1784–1885), created a baronet in 1846. His life, prolonged for over a hundred years, was one of flawless generosity and personal kindness to the poor and afflicted of his own race, especially in the eastern provinces of Russia and in Turkey. He obtained consideration for poor Jews from the Russian and Turkish Governments, and his seven pilgrimages to Jerusalem were all undertaken with a view to improving the questionable lot of the Chosen People.

[348] Princess Augusta of Cambridge. See Vol. II., p. 150.

[349] Princess Mary, afterwards Duchess of Teck.

[350] Henry, fourth Duke. He had been so strenuous an opponent of the Reform Bill, that, after its rejection, a mob set fire to Nottingham Castle, his property. Mr. Gladstone was M.P. for Newark owing to the Duke’s influence, which was withdrawn in 1845 when Mr. Gladstone supported Peel on the Corn Laws.

[351] Robert Edward, second son of the second Earl of Kingston, born 1773. He was a Lieut.-General and was created Viscount Lorton in the Irish peerage in 1806. He was a Representative Peer.

[352] See _ante_, p. 188.

[353] Second daughter of Lord Ilchester, afterwards wife of Sir Edward Clarence Kerrison.

[354] Lady Emily Cowper. She married Lord Ashley, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury. She, her sister Lady Fanny, and her brothers Spencer Cowper and William Cowper (afterwards Cowper-Temple), were children of the fifth Earl Cowper, whose wife, a sister of Lord Melbourne, married, secondly, Lord Palmerston in 1839. Spencer Cowper married the widow of Count d’Orsay, the step-daughter of Lady Blessington.

[355] Edward Sugden (1781–1875). Afterwards Lord St. Leonards, and Lord Chancellor in the Derby Administration of 1852. A dry but efficient lawyer, an excellent interpreter of any man’s Will but his own, which was disputed.

[356] Henry Hunt had been a great agitator, notably in the years 1816–20. He was elected for Preston in 1830.

[357] Lord Brougham, not having been included in the second Administration of Lord Melbourne, was unsparing in his criticisms of his old colleagues. As Lord Melbourne once pointed out in reply to one of Brougham’s brilliant attacks, the reasons for excluding Lord Brougham from any Ministry must have been very grave, if measured by the obvious reasons for including him.

[358] George, third Lord Boston (1777–1869).

[359] Frederick, second Lord Boston (1749–1825).

[360] Daughter of the second Earl of Chichester; married in October 1837 to the Rev. and Hon. L. J. Barrington.

[361] Lady Melbourne was a daughter of Sir Ralph Milbanke, and William Lamb was her favourite son. When Peniston, her eldest son, died, she encouraged William to devote himself to politics and to abandon the Bar.

[362] The Canadian question was one of the most difficult of the early years of the Queen’s reign. Upper and Lower Canada were totally dissimilar in race, tradition, and natural position. Lower Canada was peopled mainly by French Roman Catholics, Upper Canada by Scottish Protestants, and the mode of Government in both was as cumbrous and inappropriate as it could well be, and afforded unquestionable ground for grievance on the part of the inhabitants. In 1836 a rebellion broke out in the Lower Province headed by Papineau, who had been Speaker of the Assembly. This was followed by an insurrection in the Upper Province, which was quelled in a striking and almost quixotic manner by Sir Francis Head, the Governor, who, dismissing all his regular troops to the Lower Province, trusted to the people to put down the malcontents, and succeeded. Lord Durham was sent out in 1838 as High Commissioner and Governor-General. His report on the proper method of administering the Colony is historical, and ultimately formed the basis of settlement. His acts were not approved by the Whig Government and were annulled by them. He anticipated his recall by resigning and coming home before the end of 1838.

[363] Charles, second son of Lord Grey, the ex-Premier. He was Equerry to the Queen, and had a year or two earlier defeated Disraeli at the High Wycombe election. He became Private Secretary to Prince Albert and later to the Queen. He spent all the years of his life in the Queen’s service, and was always helpful, wise, and unbiassed in the advice he tendered her. The present Earl Grey, Lady Victoria Dawnay, Lady Antrim, and Lady Minto are his surviving children. Many good judges considered his abilities of a higher order than those of his father.

[364] Lady Caroline Ponsonby, daughter of the third Earl of Bessborough, a lady of eccentric mind and habits. She was thrown off her mental and moral balance by her acquaintance with Lord Byron, not perhaps so surprising as the fact that she never recovered either even after Byron’s death.

[365] Lord Melbourne’s brother, afterwards Lord Beauvale, Ambassador Extraordinary at Vienna. As a diplomatist he was irreproachable, handsome, agreeable, and adroit. In private life he was not altogether _sans reproche_. Without his brother William’s literary acquirements, and with less sarcasm and pungent wit, he yet had a vigorous understanding, much information, and no little capacity for affairs. At sixty years of age, and in broken health, he married a very young lady, the daughter of Count Maltzahn, the Prussian Minister at Vienna.

[366] Henry Richard, third Lord Holland of the 1762 creation, was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Under the auspices of his wife, Holland House, Kensington, was for many years the Zoar of weary Whig politicians. See _ante_, p. 101, note.

[367] Amelia, daughter of the Grand Duke of Oldenbourg, married to Otho I., King of Greece.

[368] Uncle of the Emperor.

[369] Nicholas I., reigned 1826–55.

[370] Ferdinand I., born in 1793, succeeded his father, Francis I., in 1835. He was brother to Napoleon’s second wife, Marie Louise.

[371] Charles, fourth Earl of Harrington, married Maria, daughter of Samuel Foote the actor.

[372] William, first Earl of Craven, married Louisa, an undistinguished actress, daughter of John Brunton of Norwich.

[373] Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby, married Elizabeth Farren, a Haymarket actress of considerable beauty and charm.

[374] Afterwards Field-Marshal and first Lord Seaton. He was one of Wellington’s generals in the Peninsula and at Waterloo. He was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, and on Lord Durham’s recall was nominated to succeed him.

[375] Lord Francis Egerton was the second son of George Granville, first Duke of Sutherland. The immense fortune of Francis, third and last Duke of Bridgewater (the father of English inland navigation and, in conjunction with Brindley, constructor of the canal which bears his name) was devised to the first Duke of Sutherland for life, and thereafter to Lord Francis, who on attaining possession assumed the surname of Egerton, in lieu of Leveson-Gower. A “condition subsequent” tending to divest the property in a certain event was decided to be opposed to “public policy.” Lord Francis was created Earl of Ellesmere in 1846.

[376] Lady Falkland. Amelia Fitzclarence, daughter of William IV. See _ante_, p. 113.

[377] Edward Berkeley Portman, representative of an old Dorsetshire and Somersetshire family, was created Baron Portman in 1837. In 1827 he married Emma, third daughter of the Earl of Harewood, who was at this time one of the Ladies of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria.

[378] This high Constitutional doctrine was certain to meet with the approval of a Whig like Lord Melbourne. It has been the secret of ministerial responsibility and of executive power in the Constitution of this country, and its working has been admired by many foreign observers.

[379] Baron Alexander von Munchausen, a Hanoverian diplomatist, was then about twenty-five. He was _not_ the hero of a celebrated romance.

[380] That the Queen always retained a sentiment for her dolls may be realised from the care with which they were preserved. They are exhibited in the London Museum at Kensington, arranged and ticketed with the names given to them by Princess Victoria.

[381] Letitia, wife of Sir Hussey (afterwards Lord) Vivian. The child Lalage married, in 1857, Henry Hyde Nugent Bankes, son of the Right Hon. George Bankes.

[382] See _ante_, p. 73.

[383] Mr. (afterwards Rt. Hon.) John Arthur Roebuck. A Liberal “free lance,” who earned the _sobriquet_ of “Tear-’em.” Lord John Russell had brought in a Bill for suspending the Constitution of Canada, and Mr. Roebuck, who was not at the time in Parliament, claimed to be heard at the bar of both Houses as agent for the Lower Province. He made a very able but bitter speech.

[384] Catherine, widow of the twelfth Earl of Desmond, died in 1604, having survived her husband seventy years. There seems much doubt about the principal dates of her life, _e.g._ those of her birth and marriage, but she is _said_ to have attained the remarkable age of 140 years, and to have died by a fall from a cherry-tree. Sir Walter Raleigh records that he knew her and that she “was married in Edward IV.’s time.”

[385] Henry Brooke Parnell had been member for Maryborough in the Irish House of Commons, and was now member for Dundee. He was made Paymaster-General on that office being constituted in 1838. Afterwards created Lord Congleton.

[386] The Duke never allowed political feeling to interfere with what he considered public duty. As a politician he was a Tory; but as a soldier he had no politics.

[387] Lord Ellenborough (1790–1871) was a son of the Chief Justice, and sat in several Conservative Cabinets. He was Governor-General of India in 1844, and recalled from his post by the directors of the East India Company in opposition to the wish of the Cabinet, who at once recommended him for an earldom. He was too imaginative and daring for the post of Governor-General at this period of Indian administrative history; but his memory was often revived in the person of a more daring and more brilliant successor in that high office.

[388] Alexander, first Lord Ashburton, had been President of the Board of Trade in the brief Peel Administration of 1834–5. He married Miss Bingham of Philadelphia. See _ante_, p. 199.

[389] David William, third Earl of Mansfield (1777–1840).

[390] Charles William, fifth Earl (1786–1857).

[391] See _ante_, p. 261. Lady Francis was Harriet, eldest daughter of Charles Greville, the father of the diarist.

[392] Stafford House was built by the Duke of York. It is Crown property vested in the Commission of Woods and Forests. The present (1912) Duke of Sutherland obtained an extension of the Crown lease a few years ago.

[393] Charles Philip, fourth Earl of Hardwicke, had married Susan, daughter of the first Lord Ravensworth. See _ante_, p. 84, n.

[394] _Tempora mutantur._

[395] At the opening of the Queen’s first Parliament in 1837 Lord Leveson [afterwards Lord Granville and Foreign Secretary] had moved in the House of Commons the address in reply to her speech, looking, wrote Disraeli, himself also a new member, “like a child.” Lord Leveson was twenty-two years old, and the Queen had met him a few years earlier at Christ Church. See _ante_, p. 60. His mother, Lady Granville, was Henrietta, daughter of the fifth Duke of Devonshire.

[396] Lady Lilford was a daughter of Lord and Lady Holland.

[397] Charles Christopher, first Lord Cottenham. On Lord Melbourne forming his second Ministry, the Great Seal was not offered to Brougham, but at first put into Commission. Pepys, Master of the Rolls, was one of the Commissioners, and became a little later Chancellor.

[398] William Henry, second Earl of Dunraven (1782–1850).

[399] See _ante_, p. 278.

[400] She was Louisa Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Grey the ex-Premier, mother of the “Master Lambton” of Lawrence’s portrait, who died, aged fourteen, and grandmother of the present Earl of Durham, K.G.

[401] King Otho had accepted the throne of Greece in October 1832, and ascended it three months later. This was done in virtue of a request from Greece to Great Britain, France, and Russia.

[402] Mahmud II., Sultan (1808–39), succeeded in the latter year by Abdul-Medjid.

[403] Of some fame, but little merit. He managed the stables of George IV., when Prince of Wales.

[404] This rule was followed with invariable and prudent strictness by the Queen throughout her reign. She was never swayed in action by gossip, however subtle or ill-natured—she required proof; and this rule governed her decision in regard to disputes as to the eligibility of all persons to be invited to Court.

[405] Lord Howe’s attitude was one of hostility to the Government. See _ante_, p. 113.

[406] George Bartley (died in 1858), a Shakespearean actor who could play Orlando as well as Falstaff. For a time stage-manager at Covent Garden.

[407] Drinkwater Meadows (1799–1869), an excellent performer in comedy of the more eccentric type.

[408] Edgar William Elton (1794–1843) created this part of Beauséant; he also played Romeo, and (with much success) Edgar in _Lear_.

[409] The disposal of these prisoners was a difficult matter which became acute in the _interregnum_ between the departure of Lord Gosford and the arrival of Lord Durham. Sir John Colborne postponed a decision of the matter, and ultimately the prisoners were dealt with according to the gravity of the case, some being merely bound over, others deported to Bermuda.

[410] Great complaints were being made of the cruelty of the Jamaica planters to their negro apprentices, and Brougham had put himself at the head of an agitation in favour of immediate emancipation. Accordingly the Government introduced a Bill regulating the hours of labour, erecting arbitration tribunals for appraising the value of apprentices desiring a discharge, and forbidding the whipping or cutting the hair of female apprentices, or their being placed on a treadmill, or in the chair of a penal gang.

[411] Street riots had broken out at Lisbon, but the Queen behaved with great courage, and, after Costa Cabral had been installed as Civil Governor of the city, the insurgent forces were dispersed. The occurrence of Donna Maria’s nineteenth birthday on 4th April was marked by an amnesty, purporting to blot out the revolutionary actions of the last eighteen months.

[412] John, second Marquess and fifth Earl of Breadalbane, F.R.S. (1796–1862).

[413] A distinguished Peninsular officer, who had commanded the Portuguese division at Vittoria; Commander-in-chief at Bombay 1825–9.

[414] John, afterwards eleventh Earl of Westmorland, son of John, tenth Earl and Sarah Anne his wife, only daughter and heir of Robert Child of Osterley Park. His sister, Lady Jersey (who died in 1867), succeeded to the banker’s great fortune. See _ante_, p. 149.

[415] Major-General Sir A. Dickson, R.A., had been Superintendent of Artillery Operations in the Peninsula, and fought at Waterloo, and was Director-General of the Field-train Department.

[416] Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy (1769–1839), Captain of the _Victory_ at Trafalgar. In 1830 he was First Sea Lord, and, later, Governor of Greenwich Hospital, a post he was holding at this time.

[417] Lord Minto. See _ante_, p. 200.

[418] Lord Howick. See _ante_, p. 200.

[419] “Your Majesty’s most affectionate Friend, Aunt, and Subject, Adelaide.”

[420] Lord Melbourne’s sister, afterwards Lady Palmerston. See p. 242.

[421] Dietz had been Governor to Prince Ferdinand, and accompanied him to Portugal, where he took a considerable part in political affairs.

[422] George, Lord Byron, succeeded his cousin the poet in 1824. He was an extra Lord-in-waiting to the Queen.

[423] It was altered by King Edward in 1905, and the Prime Minister now takes rank immediately after the Archbishop of York.

[424] Whig M.P. for West Riding of Yorkshire.

[425] Joseph Pease, M.P. for South Durham, had been a pioneer of railway construction, and had assisted his father in forming (upon the persuasion of George Stephenson) the Stockton and Darlington line.

[426] Sir George Grey of Falloden, Northumberland, second Baronet (1799–1882), Under-Secretary for the Colonies. Appointed Judge Advocate-General in 1839, and in 1846 Home Secretary under Lord John Russell, an office which he held for nearly twenty years. He was a man of fine presence and great social charm. His high moral qualities and freedom from personal ambition gained for him the esteem of both political parties and the confidence of his countrymen. He has been worthily succeeded in his title and all else by his grandson, Sir Edward Grey, K.G.

[427] This brilliant advocate, who died at the age of forty-seven, had been Peel’s Solicitor-General, and became Attorney-General in 1841. He appeared for Norton in his action for _crim. con._ against Melbourne, without any success, for the charge was triumphantly refuted.

[428] See _ante_, p. 149.

[429] The Hon. F. G. Byng, sometime Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber.

[430] He would have been 50 on January 22, 1838.

[431] She was an illegitimate daughter of Edward Walpole (second son of Sir Robert) by Mary Clement, a sempstress in Pall Mall. Their two other daughters became Countess of Albemarle and Countess of Dysart respectively.

[432] Married her cousin George, seventh Earl Waldegrave.

[433] Wife of George, second Duke of Grafton.

[434] Father of the Admiral, Sir Beauchamp Seymour, Lord Alcester.

[435] To William, second Earl, when Lord Cavendish.

[436] Holland House was built by Sir Walter Cope in 1607. His daughter and co-heiress married Henry Rich, first Earl of Holland.

[437] Wife of James Howard, afterwards third Earl of Malmesbury.

[438] Sir William Knighton had been physician to George IV., when Prince of Wales, and was private secretary and Keeper of his Privy Purse when King. The King employed him in various confidential matters.

[439] Queen Victoria in 1872 wrote of Louis as “the former faithful and devoted friend of Princess Charlotte—beloved and respected by all who knew her—and who doted on the little Princess who was too much an idol in the House. This dear old lady was visited by every one, and was the only really devoted attendant of the poor Princess, whose governesses paid little real attention to her, and who never left her, and was with her when she died.” See p. 62.

[440] Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia, was appointed Ambassador of the King of the French at Queen Victoria’s Coronation. He had been Wellington’s antagonist in the Peninsula, and this added to his popularity with the masses of the London streets.

[441] General Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby, K.C.B., G.C.M.G., second son of the third Earl of Bessborough, and brother of Lady Caroline Lamb. He was the father of the late Sir Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria’s private secretary and Keeper of her Privy Purse.

[442] Lady Charlotte Campbell, daughter of the fifth Duke of Argyll, married, first, Colonel Campbell, and second, Rev. E. J. Bury; was Lady-in-Waiting to Caroline, Princess of Wales. She was a friend and patroness of Sir W. Scott, and wrote several novels. In 1838 appeared _A Diary illustrative of the Times of George IV._, which was attributed to her by Lord Brougham—a charge which was never denied. The work was severely criticised.

[443] Francis Charles, third Marquess (1777–1842), the “Lord Monmouth” of _Coningsby_. His son, here called Lord Yarmouth, succeeded him and died unmarried in 1870. The fourth Marquess was the founder of the magnificent collections now the property of the nation at Hertford House.

[444] Her paternity was in dispute between the Duke of Queensberry and George Selwyn.

[445] Lord Yarmouth, afterwards fourth Marquess, and his brother Lord Henry Seymour always lived in Paris. Lord Hertford possessed a fine apartment at the corner of the Rue Lafite and a country place called “Bagatelle” in the Bois de Boulogne. Subsequently they passed to Sir R. Wallace and later to Sir John Murray Scott. Bagatelle is now the property of the Municipality of Paris.

[446] Hortense Eugenie Claire, daughter of Duc de Bassano, Minister of Napoleon I., married 1833 to Francis Baring, afterwards third Lord Ashburton.

[447] Comte de Flahaut, son of Comtesse de Flahaut Adele, who was afterwards Baronne de Souza, had once been French Ambassador in London, as Sebastiani now was, but there was a competition between Flahaut and Soult as to which should be specially appointed to represent the King of the French at the Coronation. His likeness to Napoleon III. was considered remarkable and significant.

[448] Wife of Major-General Sir Guy Campbell, Bart., and daughter of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and his wife Pamela, daughter of Madame de Genlis.

[449] Afterwards George IV.

[450] Garth was an eminent physician in the time of William III. and Queen Anne. He wrote occasional verses fluently, and his poem “The Dispensary” had a great vogue for fifty years.

[451] Elizabeth, wife of Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster.

[452] Georgiana, daughter of the third Duke of Ancaster, and widow of the first Marquess of Cholmondeley.

[453] Priscilla, also daughter of the third Duke of Ancaster. On the death of their brother unmarried, the barony of Willoughby de Eresby fell into abeyance between the sisters, which was terminated by the Crown in favour of Priscilla, the elder, in 1780.

[454] The barony of Fauconberg, of an earlier creation, was revived in 1903 in favour of the present (1912) Countess of Yarborough, daughter and co-heir of the twelfth Lord Conyers.

[455] Cromwell’s son-in-law was promoted from Viscount to be Earl Fauconberg. He left no child. His great-nephew was again created Earl, and married a sister of Peniston, first Viscount Melbourne. Their daughters married as follows: Lady Charlotte Bellasyse to Thomas Edward Wynn, Anne to Sir George Wombwell, Elizabeth successively to the Duke of Norfolk and Lord Lucan.

[456] Henry Fox (afterwards fourth and last Lord Holland) married Lady Augusta Coventry; at her death in 1889, Holland House, Kensington, became the property of Lord Ilchester.

[457] 21st December, 1785.

[458] Daniel Maclise (1806–70). His first success was a sketch of Sir Walter Scott drawn by him unobserved. His best-known works are the two cartoons in the Royal Gallery of the House of Lords. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1840.

[459] John, sixteenth Earl of Shrewsbury, Premier Earl of England. This question of the oath to be taken by Roman Catholic peers and members had been repeatedly brought forward by the Bishop of Exeter. It pledged the jurant to do nothing to “disturb or weaken the Protestant Religion or Protestant Government, or to subvert the Church establishment.” A gentleman wrote to the Bishop to say that he could not take the oath, as his wish was to upset the Church establishment, and he was therefore excluded from Parliament. See _ante_, p. 56.

[460] Prince George of Cambridge. See _ante_, p. 77.

[461] Eldest son of the third Earl of Roden, and died in his father’s lifetime. In 1841 he married Lady Fanny Cowper. See _ante_, p. 188.

[462] Grandson of the Duke of Norfolk. See _ante_, p. 190.

[463] Afterwards fourth Earl of Radnor. See _ante_, p. 60.

[464] Edward Vernon, fourth Lord Suffield (1813–53).

[465] Georgiana, Lady Seymour, Queen of Beauty at the Eglinton Tournament. One of the Sheridan sisters. See _ante_, p. 192.

[466] Daughter of Mr. Canning, the Prime Minister, and wife of the first Marquess of Clanricarde. See Vol. II. pp. 75 and 261.

[467] Daughter of the second Earl de Grey, K.G., and sister of Lady Cowper. She was married to Mr. Henry Vyner.

[468] Daughter of G. G. Vernon Harcourt, M.P. Lord Norreys succeeded in 1854 to the earldom of Abingdon. See _ante_, p. 132.

[469] Daughter of the eleventh Earl of Pembroke, afterwards wife of Viscount de Vesci. See _ante_, p. 77.

[470] Sister of Lady Emma Herbert, and wife of the third Earl of Clanwilliam.

[471] Daughter of the first Earl of Verulam. She married Lord Folkestone (see preceding page) in 1840. See _ante_, p. 189.

[472] Sister of Lord Jocelyn (see preceding page) and wife of the sixth Viscount Powerscourt.

[473] Daughter of the third Viscount Hawarden.

[474] Clementina, sister of the fourteenth Lord Elphinstone, afterwards wife of the fourth Viscount Hawarden.

[475] Daughter of Lord Anglesey, and sister of Lord Uxbridge. She married in 1851 Frederick, son of the third Earl Cadogan.

[476] Sir Thomas Acland, tenth Bart.

[477] Alexander, tenth Duke (1767–1852).

[478] Edward Adolphus, eleventh Duke. See _ante_, p. 68.

[479] James, sixth Duke (1816–1879).

[480] To rescind the Irish Church resolution of 1835.

[481] Charles William, third Marquess, half-brother of the eminent statesman, better remembered as Lord Castlereagh. Lord Londonderry was a soldier and diplomatist.

[482] George O’Brien, third Earl of Egremont, died unmarried in November 1837, aged eighty-six. Lady Munster was his illegitimate daughter, but his estates in Sussex and Cumberland were devised to other adopted heirs.

[483] An extreme instance of this partiality is described in Warren’s _Ten Thousand a Year_. In 1868 the jurisdiction to decide disputed elections was transferred to the Court of Common Pleas.

[484] John Thomas, first and only Earl of Redesdale (1805–86), Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords, 1851–86. Lord Redesdale was one of the last men in England who wore habitually in the daytime the old-fashioned “tail-coat.”

[485] Lady Catharine was daughter of the third Earl of Radnor, and Victor was her fifth son. See _ante_, p. 219.

[486] There is a portrait of the Queen by John Partridge in King George’s room at Buckingham Palace showing the hair done in this fashion.

[487] Charles, second Viscount Townshend, K.G., married Dorothy, sister of Sir Robert Walpole. Townshend was President of the Council 1720, and afterwards Secretary of State. There was jealousy between the brothers-in-law, and Horace Walpole sarcastically observed that things went well or ill according as the style of the firm was _Townshend and Walpole_ or _Walpole and Townshend_.

[488] Henry Francis, fourteenth Baron Teynham (1768–1842).

[489] At the festival of the 14th July, 1790, held in the Champ de Mars he officiated at the altar. It was his last celebration of the Mass.

[490] Prince George of Cambridge.

[491] Sixth son of Lord Anglesey. He was second in command, to Lord Cardigan, of the Light Cavalry Brigade in the Crimea; he subsequently became Inspector of Cavalry, and later M.P. for Beaumaris.

[492] Eldest son of the fifth Earl de la Warr. See _ante_, p. 60.

[493] Afterwards sixth Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G., and A.D.C. to the Queen.

[494] She was younger daughter of the second Earl Talbot, and wife of the seventh Marquess of Lothian.

[495] Prince George, born 1819, succeeded his father on the throne of Hanover in 1851. He ultimately suffered from total blindness, caused by swinging a bunch of keys attached to a chain, that struck accidentally one of his eyes. He sided with Austria in 1866 against Prussia, and after Sadowa his kingdom was annexed to Prussia by decree. King George was a Knight of the Garter and Duke of Cumberland. He was a Prince of amiable disposition and simple manners. At his death he was succeeded in the dukedom by his eldest son, who married the younger sister of Queen Alexandra.

[496] According to the Royal Marriages Act, none of the Royal Family can marry without the Sovereign’s consent. See _post_, p. 390.

[497] Lord Mulgrave and Lord Dundas were created respectively Marquis of Normanby and Earl of Zetland, but Lord Barham was not made Earl of Gainsborough till 1841.

[498] Afterwards wife of the eighth Earl of Elgin, Viceroy of India.

[499] Son of Lord Duncannon, and grandson of the Earl of Bessborough.

[500] Hon. Charles Augustus Murray. See Vol. II., p. 94.

[501] _I.e._, Mutiny at the Nore, May 1797.

[502] This is now proved not to have been the case. He suffered from infantile paralysis of one leg which was badly treated and developed into permanent lameness. Miss Chaworth’s words, which were either overheard by or repeated to Byron, were, “Do you think I could care anything for that lame boy?” He did see her on more than one occasion in later years.

[503] Her grand-uncle was killed as described by William, fifth Lord Byron, in 1765.

[504] Dr. Goodall. See _ante_, p. 119.

[505] The Head Master. See _ante_, p. 119.

[506] She was Jane, daughter of the second Marquess Cornwallis and wife of the third Lord Braybrooke.

[507] Son of Duke Charles Bernard and Duchess Ida (a sister of Queen Adelaide). Prince Edward was A.D.C. to Lord Raglan in the Crimea, and ultimately Commander of the Forces in Ireland.

[508] Charles Wood (afterwards Lord Halifax). At this time Secretary to the Admiralty. See _ante_, p. 99.

[509] These portraits were among those which by custom were presented to the Headmaster of Eton by certain distinguished Etonians on leaving school. The gift of a portrait was usually made by request. A boy was considered honoured by being asked to leave his portrait to the school. The custom lapsed about forty years since. This collection was recently overhauled by Mr. Lionel Cust. It is now in fine order, carefully arranged in the Provost’s Lodge at Eton. The portraits have been engraved and collected in the form of a sumptuous volume.

[510] This may be the portrait now in the Corridor at Windsor Castle.

[511] W. F. Chambers, Physician-in-Ordinary to King William and Queen Adelaide, and afterwards to Queen Victoria and the Duchess of Kent.

[512] Sir Michael O’Loghlen did not, however, leave the Rolls. The new Chief Baron was Mr. Stephen Woulfe, the Irish Attorney-General.

[513] She married Lord Sandwich (see p. 191) in the following September.

[514] Lady Adelaide Paget (afterwards Lady Adelaide Cadogan). See _ante_, p. 319.

[515] The Marriage Act of 1835 made null and void all marriages within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity or affinity. Before they had only been voidable.

[516] In this case the two wives were _half_ sisters, daughters of the Duke of Wellington’s sister by different husbands.

[517] The Prince Consort was strongly in favour of legalising these marriages, and King Edward (then Prince of Wales) always voted in favour of the Bills introduced for the purpose of amending the law.

[518] This custom has now unfortunately fallen into disuse.

[519] No one has a prescriptive or _ex officio_ right to wear the “Windsor uniform.” It is an honour conferred personally by the Sovereign. Of recent Prime Ministers, this privilege has been enjoyed by Lord Salisbury, Lord Rosebery, and Mr. Balfour.

[520] Sunderland’s Ministry in 1718 introduced a measure to limit the creation of peers, the object being to prevent the Prince of Wales (when King) from swamping the Lords with his partisans. Walpole spoke and wrote vigorously against the Bill, and organised the opposition to it in anticipation of the time when it should reach the Commons. He succeeded in altering the public attitude to the Bill, and it was rejected by a large majority.

[521] After this date, that is to say, the early part of the Queen’s reign, the Order of the Bath began to be somewhat neglected. It was partly owing to the creation of new Orders, such as the Star of India and the St. Michael and George. It has, however, recently been ordained by King George V. that the annual service for the Order of the Bath in Westminster Abbey shall be revived, and the banners and shields of the Knights Grand Cross be affixed to their stalls in Henry VIIth.’s chapel.

[522] See _ante_, p. 205.

[523] Sir Peter King, who became Lord Chancellor, was created Lord King of Ockham in 1725. The present baron (eighth holder of the title) had married in 1835, Ada, the only child of Lord Byron. Lord King now became Earl of Lovelace.

[524] Eldest son of the Duke of Leeds, who died in the following month.

[525] In 1847, when the offer was repeated, Lord Melbourne wrote to the Queen that “for a long time he had found himself much straitened in his circumstances” and that “he knows that the expense of accepting the ribbon amounts to £1,000, and there has been of late years no period at which it would not have been seriously inconvenient to him to pay down such a sum.”

[526] With the exception of Lord Beaconsfield and Lord Palmerston, no Prime Minister, as such, has accepted the Garter in recent times.

[527] Sir Sotherton Peckham-Micklethwait, of Iridge Place, Sussex. Created a baronet “for a personal service rendered to Her Majesty and the Duchess of Kent at St. Leonards in Nov. 1834.” See _ante_, p. 104.

[528] Clarenceux King-of-Arms, afterwards Garter.

[529] Edward Maltby (1770–1859), Bishop of Durham, to which he had been recently translated from Chichester.

[530] The ceremonial as described by the Queen does not compare favourably with those of King Edward or King George, when hardly a mistake was made by any of those officiating. The ritual at the Coronation of King Edward was especially difficult, owing to the age and infirmities of Archbishop Temple.

[531] Lord Surrey was son and heir of the Earl Marshal, the twelfth Duke of Norfolk, whom he succeeded in 1842. He married Charlotte Sophia, daughter of the first Duke of Sutherland.

[532] The Litany was omitted at the Coronation of King Edward VII., and reintroduced at the Coronation of King George V.

[533] The robe is exhibited in the London Museum at Kensington Palace.

[534] Second son of Louis Philippe. He was offered two thrones, Belgium in 1831 and Greece in 1832, but declined both. See _ante_, p. 130.

[535] This has been remedied by the recent custom of giving a Viscountcy to any Secretary of State who is raised to the Peerage.

[536] Nicholas, third Baron Audley by writ and tenth by tenure, fought in the wars with France 1359 and 1372. His sister Joan married Sir John Tuchet, killed at Rochelle, 1371, and her grandson succeeded to the title. On the death, in 1872, of the twenty-first Baron (son of George Edward Thicknesse Touchet, twentieth Baron, whom the Queen and Lord Melbourne were discussing), the barony fell into abeyance between his daughters.

[537] Eldest son of the Duke of Sutherland, and nine years old. He succeeded his father as third Duke in 1861.

[538] Eldest son of Lord Conyngham, and thirteen years old. Succeeded as third Marquess in 1876, and died in 1882.

[539] Eldest son of Lord Uxbridge, seventeen years old. Died in 1880.

[540] This was certainly an error of judgment on the part of Lord Melbourne. The Queen’s appearance on horseback, in the uniform still to be seen in the London Museum at Kensington Palace, was extraordinarily fascinating, and added greatly to the interest of any Review at which she appeared.

[541] The Queen evidently did not grasp a name unfamiliar to her. The ratification of the Treaty of Amiens was sent over by Napoleon in charge of Colonel Lauriston, his A.D.C. When this officer left the house of M. Otto in London to deliver his credentials to Lord Hawkesbury, the scene occurred which the Queen here describes. The carriage was accompanied to Downing Street by a guard of honour of the Household Cavalry.

[542] Afterwards first Baron Lyons of Christchurch (1790–1858). At this time Minister Plenipotentiary at Athens. In 1853, war with Russia being imminent, he was appointed second in command of the fleet in the Mediterranean, and displayed boldness and initiative in the attack on the sea defences of Sebastopol. He became Commander-in-Chief in 1855, and, on the termination of the war, a Peer.

[543] The dukedom of Montagu, created in 1766, become extinct at the death of the first Duke in 1790.

[544] In later years Edward Geoffrey, fourteenth Earl of Derby, three times Prime Minister, was reported to have refused a dukedom, on the ground that he would not exchange his Earl’s coronet, which dated from the fifteenth century, for a set of new strawberry leaves.

[545] Lord Melbourne’s private secretary. He afterwards served Prince Albert in a similar capacity. See Vol. II. p. 37.

[546] He was for a time _Attaché_ to the British Embassy in Paris, and died in 1847.

[547] A lovely portrait of her by Gainsborough is the property of Lord Rothschild at Tring Park.

[548] Lord Seymour bore, by courtesy, the only other title of his father, the Duke of Somerset. So there was not a third title available for the grandson, as is the case in other families of ducal rank.

[549] Thomas Sheridan, actor and lecturer on elocution. Published in 1780 a General Dictionary of the English Language with a special view to teaching pronunciation. A work of phonetic rather than philological value.

[550] Eldest surviving son of the third Marquess of Lansdowne, and afterwards fourth Marquess. The elder brother (Lord Kerry) had died without male issue.

[551] Aunt of Lord Shelburne. She was a daughter of the fourth Earl of Bessborough.

[552] Lord Shelburne married in 1840 Lady Georgina Herbert, daughter of the eleventh Earl of Pembroke. She died in the following year. In 1843 he married the Hon. Emily Elphinstone-de-Flahaut, in her own right Baroness Nairne.

[553] Formerly Lady Cavendish. Her husband had succeeded as second Earl of Burlington in 1834. See _ante_, p. 53. She died in 1840.

[554] George, fifth Earl of Essex (1757–1839).

[555] Ladies of unblemished character, retired from the stage, were permitted to appear at Court.

[556] Charles, Earl Grey, the ex-Prime Minister, who rarely came to town at this period of his life, and must have been a novelty for the Queen.

[557] Count Stroganoff was the special representative of the Czar at the Coronation.

[558] His son who died, aged four years, in 1783.

[559] Lady Sarah Lennox, who was a daughter of the second Duke of Richmond, married first, Sir Thomas Charles Bunbury, secondly the Hon. George Napier. George III. was undoubtedly much attracted by this lady. By her second marriage she became the “Mother of the Napiers,” a designation almost as famous in the British history of the Napoleonic Wars as the “Mother of the Gracchi” in Republican Rome.

[560] Daughters of John Gunning, of Castle Coote. See _ante_, p. 215.

[561] Lord Alfred Paget. See _ante_, p. 226.

[562] See _ante_, p. 310.

[563] Mehemet Ali, the Pasha, having announced his intention to pay no more tribute to the Porte (an action equivalent to a declaration of independence), great efforts were made by the representatives of the Powers to induce him to reconsider his decision.

[564] The French Ambassador in London.

[565] Baron Heinrich von Bülow, many years Prussian representative in London, afterwards Prussian Minister for Foreign Affairs.

[566] The adjustment of the debt between Holland and Belgium.

[567] The equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington stood on the arch at Hyde Park Corner from 1846 to 1883. It excited much ridicule at the time of its erection. There was a question of its removal, but the Duke of Wellington strongly opposed the suggestion. He said that he never wished his statue to be put upon the Arch, but once there, there it should remain. It was removed nearly forty years later to Aldershot. Recently some prancing horses and a chariot have taken the place of old Copenhagen and the Duke.

[568] As an illustration of the vagaries of “taste” in Art, it may be mentioned that this statue is now considered one of the most successful in London.

[569] This refers to the reading by the Queen of her “Speech.”

[570] All this paragraph refers to the disputes between Belgium and Holland over their respective financial responsibilities.

[571] Afterwards Sir John MacNeill. He had been sent as Envoy to Teheran to try to prevent the Shah attacking the Afghans.

[572] Lord Melbourne was a “low Churchman and an Erastian,” like so many of the Whigs of that day.

[573] This love of straight dealing and dislike of flattery were lifelong characteristics of the Queen.

[574] In 1815 Belgium and Holland were, by the action of the European Powers at the Congress of Vienna, united into one Kingdom. This led to constant friction and even to open hostilities between the two nations, and in 1831 a Conference of the Powers decreed a dissolution of the Union, and drew up a Treaty, but the division of territory again led to a war which is chiefly notable for the siege of Antwerp in 1832. In 1838 Holland announced for the first time her readiness to accede to the provisions of the Treaty of 1832. The Belgians claimed that this acquiescence came too late, but under pressure of the Powers she had in the end to give her assent. During this excitement the failure of the Bank of Brussels produced a financial crisis which caused great distress among the people.

[575] Count von Senfft Pilsach was Austrian Minister at The Hague, and came to England in 1838 as Austrian Plenipotentiary at the Conference which took place in London to settle the Separation of Holland and Belgium. He signed the Treaty of 1839 on behalf of Austria.

[576] Member for Oxford University. He had displaced Sir Robert Peel at the time of the Tory split on Catholic Emancipation.

[577] This was common Whig doctrine up to the Crimean War, when the unreadiness of the Military Authorities caused a reaction, which indirectly led to the fall of the Aberdeen Government.

[578] Wife of Warren Hastings.

[579] Melbourne House stood on the site of the Albany. See Vol. II., p. 96.

[580] In 1771 the Duke of Cumberland secretly married Anne, daughter of Lord Irnham (afterwards Earl of Carhampton) and widow of Andrew Horton. Her brother was Colonel Luttrell, the opponent of Wilkes. Not long afterwards, the Duke of Gloucester made public the fact of his marriage to the Dowager Countess Waldegrave. These two marriages led to the passing of the Royal Marriage Act, which governs (with certain exceptions) the marriages of all descendants of George II. See _ante_, p. 333, and Vol. II., p. 43.

[581] Lord Melbourne modified this opinion next day.

[582] Partly in consequence of his intrigues with the Prince of Wales against Pitt in the matter of the Regency Bill.

[583] Brownlow North, Bishop successively of Lichfield, Worcester, and Winchester.

[584] See note, _post_, p. 397.

[585] Mary, daughter of the first Viscount Galway, married, as his second wife, Edmund, seventh Earl of Cork. She died in 1840.

[586] _Remarks on an Article for the “Edinburgh Review” on the Times of George III. and George IV._, by General Sir Herbert Taylor, who had been Secretary successively to the Duke of York, George III., Queen Charlotte, and William IV.

[587] _A Diary illustrative of the Times of George IV._, published in 1838. See _ante_, p. 310.

[588] Lady Anne Hamilton was a lady-in-waiting of Caroline, wife of George IV., whom she accompanied to England in 1820. _The Secret History of the Court_ was published without her name, but the authorship was never disputed.

[589] Lord Guilford was the son of Lord North, George III.’s Minister, and his sister, here mentioned, was Lady Charlotte Lindsay, wife of Lieut.-Col. Hon. John Lindsay. See _ante_, p. 392.

[590] James Kenney (1780–1849), a successful dramatist. He was the original Jeremy Diddler in his own _Raising the Wind_, when it was acted by amateurs. The play was subsequently performed at Covent Garden.

[591] Granville Penn (1761–1844), grandson of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania.

[592] Lady Emmeline Wortley, daughter of the fifth Duke of Rutland, wife of Charles Stuart Wortley. Her daughter, Victoria, goddaughter of the Duchess of Kent, afterwards Lady Welby-Gregory, was sometime a maid-of-honour to the Queen.

[593] Granville, Earl Gower (1721–1803), had sat for Westminster before his accession to the Peerage. Thereafter he was Lord Privy Seal, Lord Chamberlain and President of the Council. He was created Marquess of Stafford, and K.G. He married Lady Louisa Egerton, daughter and co-heiress of Scrope, first Duke of Bridgwater.

Transcriber’s Notes:

• Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
• Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.