Chapter XI

THE TREATY OF BASEL AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1795.

Conquest of Holland by Pichegru 232

Foreign policy of the Convention 233

Foreign policy of Thugut 235

Foreign policy of Catherine II.; Alliances between Russia and
Austria 236

English foreign policy; Successes at Sea, and conquest of French
Colonies 237

Prussian foreign policy; Peace made at Basel between Prussia and
France 238

Position of Spanish Government; Treaty of Peace between France
and Spain 240

War in the West; Hoche appointed Commander-in-Chief 242

Expedition of Emigrants to Quiberon 243

Position of the Convention; its unpopularity 245

Death of the Dauphin 245

The Convention sanctions the use of Churches for Catholic worship 246

Position of the Clergy; Parties amongst them 247

The Convention frames the Constitution of 1795 248

Special Laws passed to maintain the Republican Party in Power 249

Insurrection of Vendémiaire 13 suppressed by Napoleon Bonaparte 250

Law of Brumaire 3, excluding relations of Emigrants from Office 250

The Five Directors; Position of the New Government 251

INDEX 255

MAPS.

Europe in 1789 _To face title page_

Map of France in Provinces 9

Revolutionary Paris 43

Map of France in Departments 65

Map of Belgium 132

Map of the Rhine 190

Map of Quiberon 241

REVOLUTIONARY CALENDAR.

Vendémiaire Sept. Oct.
Brumaire Oct. Nov.
Frimaire Nov. Dec.
Nivose Dec. Jan.
Pluviose Jan. Feb.
Ventose Feb. March
Germinal Mar. April
Floréal April May
Prairial May June
Messidor June July
Thermidor July Aug.
Fructidor Aug. Sept.

LEADING DATES IN THE HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

_Dates relating to military or foreign affairs are given in italics
in order that the attention of the reader may be drawn to the
relation between them and the domestic occurrences._

1774

Accession of Louis XVI.--Ministry of Turgot.

1776

Dismissal of Turgot--Ministry of Necker--_American Declaration
of Independence_.

1778

_France allies itself with America._

1781

Resignation of Necker.

1783

Calonne’s Ministry.

1787

The Assembly of Notables--Brienne’s Ministry.

1788

Necker’s Second Ministry.

1789

May 5. Meeting of the States General.

June 17. Adoption of the title of National Assembly.

June 20. The Tennis Court Oath.

June 23. The King comes to the Assembly to command the separation
of the Orders.

July 14. Capture of the Bastille.

Aug. 4. Abolition of feudal rights.

Oct. 6. The King brought to Paris.

1790

July 14. Feast of the Federation.

Nov. 27. Oath imposed on the Clergy.

1791

April 2. Death of Mirabeau.

June 20. The Flight to Varennes.

July 17. The Massacre of the Champ de Mars

Aug. 27. _Declaration of Pilnitz._

Sept. 30. End of the Constituent Assembly.

Oct. 1. Meeting of the Legislative Assembly.

1792

April 20. _Declaration of War against the King of Hungary and
Bohemia, entailing also a War with Prussia._

June 13. Dismissal of the Girondist Ministers.

June 20. The King mobbed in the Tuileries.

July 26. _The Duke of Brunswick’s Manifesto._

Aug. 10. Overthrow of the Monarchy.

Aug. 24. _Surrender of Longwy._

Sept. 2–7. The September Massacres.

Sept. 20. _The Cannonade of Valmy._

Sept. 21. Meeting of the Convention.

Sept. 22. Proclamation of the Republic.

Nov. 6. _Victory of Jemmapes, followed by the occupation of
Belgium, Savoy, Nice, and Mainz._

Nov. 19. The Convention offers assistance to all Peoples desirous
of freedom.

Dec. 2. _The French driven out of Frankfort._

Dec. 15. The Convention orders its Generals to revolutionise
the Foreign Countries in which they are.

1793

Jan. 21. Execution of the King.

Feb. 1. _Declaration of War against England and Holland._

Mar. 3. _Miranda driven from Maestricht._

Mar. 9. Establishment of the Revolutionary Court.

Mar. 18. _Defeat of Neerwinden, followed by the loss of Belgium._

April 6. Constitution of the Committee of Public Safety.

June 2. Expulsion of the Girondists.

July 3. Assassination of Marat.

July 8. _Surrender of Mainz, Condé, and Valenciennes._

Aug. 23. The Levy of all men capable of bearing arms decreed.

Sept. 8. _Victory of Hondschoote._

Sept. 17. The great Maximum Law and the Law against Suspected Persons.

Oct. 7. _Capture of Lyons._

Oct. 16. Execution of the Queen.

Oct. 16. _Victory of Wattignies._

Oct. 31. Execution of the Girondists.

Nov. 10. Worship of Reason at Notre Dame.

Dec. 10. _Capture of Toulon._

Dec. 12. _Destruction of the Vendean Army at Le Mans._

1794

Mar. 24. Execution of the Hébertists.

April 5. Execution of the Dantonists.

April. _Insurrection in Poland._

April 18. _Victory of Turcoing._

June 1. _Battle of June 1._

June 8. Feast in honour of the Supreme Being.

June 26. _Victory of Fleurus, followed by the evacuation of
Belgium by the Allies._

July 28. Execution of the Robespierrists.

Nov. 12. Jacobin Club closed.

Dec. 8. Seventy-three Deputies of the Right readmitted into
the Convention.

Dec. 24. Repeal of Maximum Laws.

1795

Jan. _Invasion of Holland._

Mar. 8. Readmission to the Convention of survivors of Girondist
Deputies proscribed on June 2, 1793.

April 1. (Germinal 12) Insurrection of Lower Classes against the
Convention.

Feb. 22. Public exercise of all forms of worship permitted by the
Convention.

May 20. (Prairial 1) Second insurrection by Lower Classes against
the Convention.

April 5. _Treaty of Peace made at Basel between France and Prussia._

June 8. Death of the Dauphin.

July 12. _Treaty of Peace between France and Spain._

July 21. _Defeat of Emigrants at Quiberon._

Sept. 23. Proclamation of the Constitution of the Year III. (1795).

Oct. 5. (Vendémiaire 13) Insurrection of the Middle Classes
against the Convention.

Oct. 26. (Brumaire 4) Meeting of the New Legislature.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.