Chapter XXVIII: Part II: , Book I. Chap. xiv

55. ‘_Their greatest merit_,’ _etc._ _Othello_, Act III. Scene 3.

_No maid could live near such a man._ See note to vol. I. p. 305.

56. ‘_Were they as prime_,’ _etc._ _Othello_, Act III. Scene 3.

Note. _Even Miss Howe_, _etc._ In _Clarissa Harlowe_.

62. ‘_The sin that most easily besets him._’ _Hebrews_, xii. I.

‘_The rich golden shaft_,’ _etc._ _Twelfth Night_, Act I. Scene 1.

‘_All for love, or the world well lost._’ Dryden’s version of
_Antony and Cleopatra_ (1678).

63. ‘_But as the dust in the balance._’ _Isaiah_, xl. 15.

_Aaron’s rod._ _Exodus_, vii. 12.

‘_Sits umpire_,’ _etc._ _Paradise Lost_, II. 907–9.

‘_Our greatest good_,’ _etc._

‘Its former strength was but plethoric ill.’
Goldsmith, _The Traveller_, 144.

66. _Described by Hogarth._ In what Lamb calls the ‘sublime print,’
entitled ‘Gin Lane.’

70. _Hume’s assertion._ _Dialogues on Natural Religion_, Part XI. p.
212. The assertion is denied by Malthus in his Essay, p. 587.

71. Note. _A late publication._ _Letters to Samuel Whitbread, M.P., on
his proposed Bill for the Amendment of the Poor Laws_ (1807).

Note. _Jactet_, _etc._ ‘Illa se jactet in aula Aeolus.’ Virgil,
_Aeneid_, I. 140–1.

81. _Algernon Sydney._ Sidney’s _Discourses concerning Government_,
written about 1680, in reply to Sir Robert Filmer’s
_Patriarcha_, were first published in 1698.

82. ‘_The face of the clearest warning_,’ _etc._ Quoted inaccurately
from Malthus. See _ante_, pp. 173–4.

83. Note. ‘_Monks, eremites_,’ _etc._

‘Embryos and idiots, eremites and friars,
White, black, and grey, with all their trumpery.’
_Paradise Lost_, III. 474–5.

84. _Lord Kaims’s account_, _etc._ See Lord Kaims’s _Sketches of the
History of Man_, vol. II. pp. 240–1 (edit. 1788).

85. _A common-place book._ Hazlitt refers to James Burgh’s (1714–1775)
_Political Disquisitions: or, an Enquiry into public Errors,
Defects, and Abuses. Illustrated by, and established upon Facts
and Remarks extracted from a Variety of Authors, ancient and
modern. Calculated to draw the timely attention of Government
and People to a due Consideration of the Necessity, and the
Means, of reforming those Errors, Defects, and Abuses; of
restoring the Constitution, and saving the State._ (3 vols.
1774–5).

‘_That honest Chronicler._’ ‘But such an honest chronicler as
Griffith.’ _Henry VIII._, Act IV. Scene 2.

‘_The excellent Montague._’ _Reflections on the Rise and Fall of
the Ancient Republics. Adapted to the Present State of Great
Britain_, by Edward Wortley Montagu (1713–1776), son of Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu, was published in 1759. See Burgh’s
_Political Disquisitions_, III. 68 _et seq._

90. _The descendants of the heroes_, _etc._ This passage to the end of
the quotation is from Bolingbroke’s _Political Tracts_, 270. See
Burgh, III. 414.

91. _The account which Voltaire gives._ Burgh (III. 410) quotes this
passage from _Essais sur l’Histoire_, II. 60.

_Since that time it has fallen_, _etc._ It is difficult to
understand what such a worshipper of Napoleon as Hazlitt means
by this sentence. The Vienna Congress (1815) ultimately declared
the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland.

92. ‘_I see_,’ _he says, etc._ Burgh, III. 416.

‘_A consummation_,’ _etc._ _Hamlet_, Act III. Scene 1.

93. _Lord Molesworth._ Robert Molesworth, first Viscount Molesworth
(1656–1725), was appointed envoy extraordinary at the Danish
Court in 1692, but left abruptly in 1694, and in the same year
published _An Account of Denmark as it was in the year 1692_.
See Burgh, III. 412.

95. ‘_It must indeed be an answer_,’ _etc._ _All’s Well that Ends
Well_, Act II. Scene 2.

‘_A thing may serve_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._

_Burnet’s Travels._ Gilbert Burnet’s _Some Letters containing an
Account of what seemed most remarkable in Switzerland, Italy,
etc._ (1686). See Burgh, III. 398–9.

‘_Italy shews_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 399.

‘_In England_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 400.

96. ‘_The title of freemen_,’ _etc._ From Spelman’s _Glossary_, quoted
in Burgh, III. 400.

‘_It is constantly_,’ _etc._ Quoted by Burgh (III. 400) from
Hume’s _History of the Tudors_, II. 640.

‘_Nations have often_,’ _etc._ Burgh, III. 34.

‘_A single genius_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 220.

‘_Commerce_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 83–4.

‘_The extreme poverty_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 84.

97. ‘_Government, according to Plato_,’ _etc._ Cf. Burgh, III. 175–8.

‘_The great difference we see_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 220.

‘_Among the Lacedemonians_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 150.

98. ‘_Aristotle lays down_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 156.

‘_Lycurgus did not allow_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._

‘_At Sparta_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 181.

‘_A very wise man_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ III. 100.

99. ‘_The grave Romans_,’ _etc._ Cf. _Ibid._ III. 100. The saying
alluded to is Cicero’s. ‘Nemo enim fere saltat sobrius, nisi
forte insanit.’ _Pro Murena._ Cap. 6.

‘_In the old English laws_,’ _etc._ Quoted by Burgh (III. 139)
from Spelman’s _Concilia_.

‘_Who elbow us aside_,’ _etc._

‘Till prostitution elbow us aside
In all our crowded streets.’
Cowper, _The Task_, III. 60–1.

100. ‘_Insensés qui vous plaignez_,’ _etc._ Hazlitt seems to be
recalling imperfectly a passage in Rousseau’s _Émile_ (Liv.
I.):—‘Nous plaignons le sort de l’enfance, et c’est le nôtre
qu’il faudroit plaindre. Nos plus grands maux nous viennent de
nous.’ See also a letter to Voltaire, 18th August 1756.
_Correspondance_ (1822), I. 216 et seq.

101. _Zaleucus._ See Burgh, III. 180.

_The greedy eye_, _etc._ Cf. _The English Comic Writers_. (‘Comic
Writers of the last Century’), and _The Round Table_ (‘On Modern
Comedy’), vol. I., p. 13.

102. _Narcissus and the Graces._ A ballet by Sir Henry Rowley Bishop
(1786–1855), produced at the King’s Theatre, June, 1806.

Note. _The Memoirs of Fanny Hill._ _Fanny Hill, or the Memoirs of
a Woman of Pleasure_, by John Cleland (1709–1789), was
published, Part I. in 1748, Part II. in 1749. In 1750 the work
was republished in a milder form by Ralph Griffiths, who is said
to have paid twenty guineas for the copyright, and made a profit
of £10,000. Cleland was summoned before the Privy Council, and
received a pension of £100 from Lord Granville that he might
devote himself to worthier forms of literature.

104. ‘_In which the wicked_,’ _etc._ _Job_, iii. 17.

‘_Happy are they_,’ _etc._ Hazlitt repeated this paragraph in a
paper in _The Yellow Dwarf_. See _Political Essays_, vol. III.,
note to p. 266.

‘_Hurt by the archers._’ Cowper, _The Task_, III. 113.

105. ‘_M. Condorcet’s “Esquisse,”_’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 354. Condorcet’s
work appeared in 1794.

106. ‘_This posthumous publication_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._

107. ‘_This would indeed_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 368.

108. _White Conduit-House._ A ‘popular place of entertainment and
tea-gardens’ at Pentonville. See Wheatley and Cunningham’s
_London Past and Present_, III. 496, and _ibid._, I. 86, for an
account of Bagnigge-Wells, a ‘noted place of entertainment, much
resorted to the lower sort of tradesman,’ in the neighbourhood
of King’s Cross.

‘_There exists_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 355.

109. ‘_Such establishments_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 356.

110. _‘Killing frost._’ _Henry VIII._, Act III. Scene 2. See Malthus,
p. 356.

111. ‘_Variations’ etc._ Malthus, p, 359.

112. ‘_It will be said, perhaps._’ _Ibid._ p. 362.

113. ‘_What can we reason_,’ _etc._ Pope’s _Essay on Man_, I. 18.

116. Note. Dr. Paley. See his _Evidences of Christianity_. Preparatory
Considerations. Of the antecedent credibility of miracles.

117. _The old argument of the Heap._ Hazlitt alludes to a favourite
logical _impasse_ of the Stoics: ‘What constitutes a heap? Is it
two, three, or four atoms, and on taking them away, when does a
heap cease to exist?’ Cf. Horace, _Ep._ II. 1–47; and Cicero,
_De Div._ II. 4.

_‘It does not, however_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 363.

_Quotes Bickerstaff._ See _The Tatler_, No. 75.

‘_Mr. Godwin_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 367.

118. ‘_It is not, therefore_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 43.

120. ‘_They neither marry_,’ _etc._ _St. Matthew_, xxii. 30.

122. ‘_It may be curious_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 374.

128. _The charge which he brings against Paine._ _Ibid._ p. 530.

130. ‘_Those who were born_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 377.

132. ‘_‘A man’ he says_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 531.

134. ‘_In most countries_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 537.

135. ‘_There is one right_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 531.

138. ‘_Sharpens his understanding_,’ _etc._ ‘Thy flinty heart,’ occurs
in _Henry VI._, Part II., Act III. Scene 2.

139. ‘_Metaphysical aid._’ _Macbeth_, Act I. Scene 5.

140. ‘_The quantity of food_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 375.

142. ‘_As Mr. Godwin_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 381.

143. ‘_He is himself again._’ ‘Richard’s himself again.’ Colley
Cibber’s version of _Richard III._, Act V. Scene 3.

145. ‘_Which after_,’ _etc._ Butler, _Hudibras_, Part II., Canto I,
377–8.

‘_Suppose_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 396.

‘_The question is_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 422.

146. ‘_It may at fist_,’ _etc._ _Ibid._ p. 398.

150. ‘_They lay heavy burthens_,’ _etc._ _St. Matthew_, xxiii. 4.

‘_Fared sumptuously_,’ _etc._ _St. Luke_, xvi. 19.

151. ‘_If instead_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 405.

153. ‘_Whose solid virtue_,’ _etc._ _Othello_, Act IV. Scene 1.

156. ‘_Independently of any considerations_,’ _etc._ Malthus, p. 409.

157. ‘_Alas from what height fallen._’ Cf.

‘——into what pit thou seest
From what highth fallen.’
_Paradise Lost_, I. 91–2.

And

‘Alas, from what high hope to what relapse
Unlooked for are we fallen!’
_Paradise Regained_, II. 30–1.

158. ‘_Comes to him_,’ _etc._ _Romeo and Juliet_, Act I. Scene 4.

‘_Shall no more impart_,’ _etc._ Goldsmith, _The Deserted
Village_, 239–40.

‘_Their drunkenness and dissipation._’ Malthus, p. 411.

‘_Their squalid appearance._’ See _Ibid._ p. 516.

159. ‘_The symmetry of person_,’ _etc._ This is a quotation of
Malthus’s (p. 488) from Godwin (_Political Justice_, Vol. I.,