Chapter XXV: The Gains of Fable (1)

It has been well for men that they have been citizens of two worlds--the traditional world and the world of reality. Whatever harm they have suffered in either has come from but two things. These things are fear and selfishness, wherein are all the frustrations and all the cruelties. The rest has been good.

The myths of fear kept men from sailing west and south. Until a few centuries ago the imaginary terrors of the Atlantic and of the tropics hid from them the knowledge that men like unto themselves lived in all parts of the earth, and that the winds would waft them to these along smooth pathways of the sea. The myths of selfishness--the tales that maritime nations told of evil things in waters and upon coasts which they would close to the enterprise of others--wrought the same mischiefs that greed and falsehood work anywhere. They retarded the advance of learning, restrained the intercourse of nations, and recoiled at last on the heads of those who invented them.

The gains of fable are writ large in the history of modern exploration. Error was the guiding star of discovery. A vain fancy was the most precious cargo of the caravels, as it was the keenest weapon of the conquistadors. The coasting voyages around Africa into the eastern world would have been longer deferred if men had known that the Dark Continent reached so far to the south. The discovery of America was due to three stupendous mistakes--the belief that Asia stretched thousands of miles farther eastward than it does; the belief that Japan was a thousand miles farther from Asia than it is; the belief that the circumference of the earth was three thousand miles less than its true dimension. The total of these mistakes was so great that the whole of the New World lay concealed within it. Had Columbus known that he must sail due west for nearly twelve thousand miles to reach Cathay, he would have foregone his enterprise.

Because the Spaniards made marvels the text for launching expeditions instead of telling or compiling stories, their delusions as to the Americas of the sixteenth century constitute the strangest chapter of travel tale. But “he that would bring home the wealth of the Indies must carry the wealth of the Indies with him”; the illusory expeditions of Spain had results that were denied to the more pedestrian adventuring of other nations. One of these led Cabeza de Vaca across the territory of the United States from Atlantic to Pacific, as early as 1539. It was not until 1805, in the Lewis and Clark expedition, that the cooler advance of the Anglo-Saxon matched this feat. In their search for illusive golden cities the countrymen of the Cid explored the mountains and savannas of South America, the American Southwest, and even the South Seas, and did it all so far ahead of the English and American penetration of the northern continent that the story of their adventures was an old tale before the Saxon had entered the Great Plains, or climbed the Great Divide, or dropped down to the Pacific.

Such is the service of dreams. They fire the mind and make the feet of young men restless. The province of wonder has been to rescue men from their heaviness. They settle down in one place, and their children and chattels tie them there, but the nomad in them droops within unchanging horizons and sickens down in dullness. No report of other lands like their own and other peoples like themselves will arouse them. They want to hear of marvels, and every tale of them is a pleasant tale even if it is of one-eyed cannibal giants, or malignant dwarfs, or headless men, or the storm-winged roc, or the Swallower of the West. At least it opens new vistas, and peoples them with creatures such as cannot be seen at home. So it was that William of Wykeham instructed the scholars of New College, Oxford, to occupy the long winter evenings in the Middle Ages with “singing, or reciting poetry, or with the chronicles of the different kingdoms, or with the wonders of the world.”

The spirit that leads men to seek distant markets, or dig for gold in mines, or search for raw materials on the other side of the earth, is modern, and still only a few have it. Through most of the story of man it has seemed a better thing to hunt for hidden treasure, to seek for the Golden Fleece or a golden city, to set out for the Terrestrial Paradise, to win to the back of the north wind. Even now, report that a prehistoric monster haunts a lake in Patagonia, or that an expedition will hunt pirate gold on an island of the Pacific, stirs pulses that would not respond to the news that a great coal field had been uncovered in Alaska or China.

Imagination and curiosity, whence have come most of the travel tales, have builded where building was needed to fill in empty places whereon men refused to rear the structures of reality, or to replace what they tore down. In their passages from age to age and in their long migrations, men have been constantly forgetting things, carrying over long stretches of the sea such memorials of the heliolithic culture as a particular process of mummification, but not the arts and sciences that had gone with it. They have discovered lands only to lose track of them. Authentic notes of distant countries and customs they would not credit; there has been ignorant incredulity as well as ignorant credulity. The true things in geography to which men have shut their eyes are no more than countervailed by the vain things they thought they saw. The tales of afternoon lands and the singular peoples of the mountains and deserts widen, if only with the shifting contours of legend, horizons which had been narrowed by forgetfulness and a perverse refusal to believe.

Nor have even these tales been enough to satisfy with their close likeness to realities. Men have played with the thought of other countries above the clouds or in far-off seas, imagining things which none was expected to believe, and yet which copyists repeated and literal-minded men accepted sometimes as having basis of fact. Such are Plato’s Republic, More’s Utopia, Campanella’s City of the Sun. Aristophanes pictured a Cloud-Cuckoo Town, which the birds built between earth and heaven to bring the gods to terms, and filled it with the trillings and pipings of feathered creatures. The satirist who wrote of Lilliput, Brobdingnag and Laputa had read Lucian’s _True History_. In Ariosto’s Limbo of the Moon were stored such treasures as time misspent in play, vain efforts, good intentions, unpaid vows, the promises of princes, and deathbed alms.

Three of these imaginary countries were sketched with such fidelity to detail, poetic or grotesque, that they lived in the thought of men with almost a sense of the actual. Scobellum was a fruitful land, the people of which went beyond the cannibals in cruelty, the Egyptians in luxury, the Persians in pride, the Cretans in falsehood, the Germans in drunken license. Whereupon the gods turned the drunkards into swine, the lecherers into goats, the gamblers into asses, the idle women into milch cows, and the misers into moles. The Land of Cockaigne was a country of luxury and high feeding where the houses were built of barley sugar and the streets were paved with pastry and goods were free in the shops. Fiddler’s Green is a place where always the fiddlers are fiddling and the pipers piping, and the dancers dancing; it lies on the other side of hell.

Travel tales that purport to be true have a way of rebuking unbelief with their half triumphs. Noting only the impossible items in a tradition, learned skepticism has opened itself to discomfiture by rejecting the whole. The two outstanding figures of fable, the pygmy and the Amazon, point the moral. In the more grotesque forms may be found notes on forgotten history and on palæontology. Those tales for which no basis of fact can be discerned are yet projections of the minds of primitive men on the clouds, seen after the men themselves have dropped below the horizon, like the red in the sky after sunset. At least their colors illumine the manuscript of antiquity and the rude scroll of savagery.

Though fantastic fables were bred thereof, it has been loss and not gain that the old sense of kinship with the fowls of the air and the beasts of the field is no more. There were compassions and tolerances in this imagined relation, with just a hint of deep insight. Before the brotherhood of man became so much as a phrase, the brotherhood of all created things was a fact. Killing for the mere stupid sake of killing had no place in a world in which men believed that the first men were ants; in which they made the hare, the coyote, and the raven heroic figures of their epics; in which they celebrated the piety of the oryx, the elephant, and the llama; in which they acclaimed the strength of the lion, the keen sight of the eagle, and the sagacity of the fox, and in which they spared the bear, the deer, and the parrot because it seemed to them that these were ancestral folk. Were these savages farther from the truth than men of the present day whose interest is not in the lives but in the deaths of beasts, and who rob the woods and fields of half their beauty and significance by their senseless pursuit of the pathetic, defenseless, and yet kindred beings that harbor there? “My sister the swallow” is the chant of St. Francis. In a better time when wild life will be cherished and not hunted, it will be remembered that the dawn-peoples had a vision which was not all vanity.

The world of reality wears a rich garb that was woven for it by the world of tradition ages ago. Shifting lands of legend have become solid ground. There was no island of Brasil, but the country of Brazil bears its name. There was perhaps no Antilia, domain of the Seven Bishops, but the Antilles stretch their veritable ramparts across the Caribbean. The Amazons are commemorated by the earth’s greatest river. There are beasts and birds which perpetuate the names of the dragon, the harpy, the sea horse, the unicorn, the satyr. The pity of the pelican lives in Christian symbolism. The wisdom of the brute runs through Æsopian fables and mediæval bestiaries. The creatures of classic prodigy--the griffins, the phœnix, the dragon--animate the blazons of heraldry. The ideal lands and marvelous peoples of ancient story lend a strange beauty to the romances of chivalry. Half of the appeal of cathedrals is in the monstrous figures--bestial, grotesque, devilish--which proclaim from their roofs and buttresses and sculptured walls a paradox which is no paradox at all, that the sanctuaries of the spirit are set among the perilous ways of the world. The old credulities are enshrined in the language of every people, in the imagery of the arts, and in the bedtime tales that follow the settings of the sun from station to station around the earth.

These things have spoken neither the last nor the greatest word they are to utter. The fruitful use of the collections of savage myth and peasant lore is yet to come, when classic legend will take its place as but a chapter in the volume of fantasy. What will be revealed therein is the mind of man in the presence of the spectacle of beauty and terror which is the world. Here the themes of poetry, painting, and the plastic arts await a new treatment. Not so much the councils of the gods, the myths of creation and of natural forces, as the simpler travel tales that are close to the soil will be drawn upon. Olympus towers afar with its divinities. Nearer to the earth, for example, is the mountain of San Francisco in Arizona, which the Navahos say was “bound with a sunbeam, decked with haliotis shell, clouds, he-rain, yellow maize, and animals, nested with eggs of the yellow warbler, spread with yellow cloud and made the home of White-Corn Boy and Yellow-Corn Girl.” However high their spirit soars, men’s feet are on the ground. If it is the limitation of their nature it is the liberation of their art that their interest is more in quests of the Terrestrial Paradise than in myths of things unearthly.

It was the first belief of man that with a thought he could change the outer world. What was it, indeed, but the projection of his own soul--the demons that were his evil thoughts, “the savage and voluptuous beasts that were the emblems of his folly,” the ideal lands that were the dawn and afterglow of his own days? The beginning of art was magic, alike in the chants of rainmakers, the cave paintings of the Dordogne, and the sculptures of Egypt; and magic is its end. Still may the artist soul of man fashion its own realities.

While he builds the pleasant marvels of his yesterdays into habitations of fancy, he will rear other structures of the like insubstantial stuff and deem them the abiding places of reality. The shows of nature are a pageant through which man moves in a dream of his own making. The piling and passing of the clouds, the fog’s oblivion, the sunset, the night and the stars, work their spells about him, masking, concealing, revealing. With the harmless revel of fireflies in the dew and dusk, fairy locks unbolt for him. He cannot look upon life save as a drama or an allegory, with the earth as the stage and the sky for its hangings. By the law of his being he must be maker of myths.

Only a divine animal could question what was behind the hills, win the vision of unconjectured oceans, hear the note of eternity in the sound of running water, and, flashing into a brief ecstasy, sink back again with the cry of Eheu Fugaces. The brute-gods of his myths, are they not man himself with his animal routine and his divine moments? When he crosses the barrier of dreams, when he sits at the gates of memory, when contemplation holds him motionless “like a flame in a windless spot,” in his Dionysian intoxications, in the very dances wherein he merges the god and the brute, he creates worlds that ensphere his every mood. The Iranian who calls the abode of the blest the House of Song, and the Mongol whose official scrolls speak of the continents as the Golden Surface have made a new heaven and a new earth.

It is not given man to envisage reality. His is the greater gift to brood over Chaos and shape it as he will.

Bibliography

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Index

A

Aaf Mountains, 207

Abarimon, 114

Abbadie, 130

Abchaz, 220

Abdallah of the Land, 3

Abdallah of the Sea, 3

Aberdeen Almanac, 102

Abodes of the Blest, 257-261, 262, 336-337

Abomey, 180, 183, 188

Absalom, 188

_Abu baraquish_, 60

Abul Abbas, 61

Abulfeda, 362

Abyssinia, 38, 54, 74, 75, 76, 130, 178, 239

_Academy of Armory_, 66

Acephalites, 109, 346, 349, 368, 372

Acheron River, 262

Achilles, 152, 153

Acoloro, island of, 158

Acoma, 323

“Acorn-eaters,” 247

Acridophagi, 198-199

Acroconopes, the, 103

Actæon, 28

Actium, 97

Adam assayed, 357

Adam of Bremen, 160, 268, 335

Adam’s footprint, 8

Adam’s Peak, 8

Addison, Launcelot, 42

Aden, 267;
Gulf of, 233

Adriatic Sea, 249

Ægean Sea, 186, 187

Ægipans, 206

Ælian, 39, 53, 55, 56, 81, 96, 123, 286, 350

Æneas, 76

_Æneid_, 75

Æschylus, 96, 194, 202, 207

Æsculapius, 84

Æsop’s fables, 375

Ætas, the, 137, 148

Æthicus of Istria, 138

_Æthiopica_ of Marcellus, 286

_Æthiopis_, 152

Afer, Dionysius, 8

Afghans, 353, 359

Africa, 2, 49, 78, 105, 122, 125, 134, 143, 145, 147, 153, 196, 199,
206, 207, 211, 263, 270, 351, 364

Africa’s warrior women, 178-184

Age of Fable, 348

Agate, 24

Agatharcides, 199, 353

Age of Ignorance, 362

Agira, 163

Agostina, 174

Agriophagi, 199

Aguirre, 304

Ahacus, 320

Aigamuxa, 115

Aigiarm, 170

Aikeambenanos, 166

Ajasson, 90

Akbar, 237

Akkas, the, 132, 144, 145, 147, 149

Alabama, 319

Aladdin, 72, 73, 218

Alani, the, 193

Alarcon, 321

Albany, land of, 194

Albatross, 74

Albertus Magnus, 140, 350

Albinos, 193-194

Alciphron, 60

Aldrovandi, 79, 140, 212

Aleutian Islands, 106, 255, 360

Alexander, 19, 63, 81, 91, 232, 235, 236, 237, 259, 353

Alexandria, 223, 353, 354

Algonquins, 81, 118, 119, 303, 369

Al Istakhri, 362

Aljahedh, 362

Allerion, 66

Alligator god, 338

Alps, the, 80, 191, 203

Altai Mountains, 55, 117

Alton, 80

Alvarado, 323, 324

Alvares, Father, 178

Amazons, 2, 84, 118, 151-189, 207, 237, 362, 365, 368, 369, 375

Amazon march, 177

Amazon stone, 24

Amazons, River of the, 161, 300, 304, 312

_Amazuni_, 167

Amber, 105, 201, 229, 264

Ambergris, 364

Ambrose, 350

America, dragon in, 85;
Lucian’s reference to, 275;
Plato’s reference to, 287;
claim that St. Brendan discovered it, 259;
Chinese Buddhists reached it, 360;
Norse discovery of, 267;
discovery of by Columbus, 272-3, 371

American Bureau of Ethnology, 323

American Indian myths, 65, 117-120, 368-370

American Museum of Natural History, 146

American southwest, Ararats in, 292

Amerigo Vespucci, 191, 315

Amethyst, 24

Amiens, cathedral at, 47

Ammon, Abbot, 45

Amoy, 244

Amycteres, the, 108

Anahuac, plateau of, 318

Anamba Islands, 129

_A’nasa_, 54

Ancient Mariner, 336

Andaman Islanders, 106, 147, 148, 365

Andari, 144

Andes Mountains, 139, 149, 192, 290, 300, 305, 316, 332

“Andromeda, a great giant,” 366

Angola, 102, 125, 179

Anguilla, 96

Animal kingdom, 27-48

Animals, Avenue of, 54

Animals, criminal trials of, 31

Animals, their names borne by men, 29;
taking human form, 29;
politics of, 42

Annam, 149, 199

Annwfir, 260

Ant, 42, 43, 217, 253, 303, 361;
gold-guarding, 62-64

_Antennarius marmoratus_, 279

Anthropology, 291, 353

Anthropophagi, 114, 117, 128, 196, 207, 237

Antichrist, 239

Antigon, 28

Antilia, 252, 345, 375

Antilles, the, 163, 292, 296, 375

Antiope, 153

Antipodes, 9-10, 346

Antoninus, 358

Antony, Mark, 97, 246

Anubis, 338

Anuradhapura, 214

Anutschin, 115

Ape, 48, 121, 356

Aphrodisiacs, 20, 22

Apollo, 201, 203

Apple Island, 345

Apples of Adam, 358

Apurimac, valley of the, 314

Arab geography, 269, 362-363

Arabia, 1, 2, 50, 69, 95, 104, 171, 195, 224, 229, 231, 234, 245,
358, 365

_Arabian Nights_, 3, 16, 63, 74, 110, 159, 251, 354

Arabian Sea, 261

Araby the Happy, 232

Arachne, 28

Arapahoes, the, 139

Arawaks, the, 292

Arcadia, 1, 77, 246-248

Arctic night, 221

Arctinus, 151, 152

Ardnainiq, the, 112

Aretias, island of, 77

Argensola, 206

Argonauts, 75, 77

Argos, 174

Ariana, 197

Arimaspians, 55, 107

Arinadillo, 218

Ariosto, 373

Aristeas of Proconesus, 107, 349

Aristophanes, 285, 373

Aristotle, 12, 16, 39, 50, 51, 59, 135, 334, 353, 354

Arjuna, Rajah, 156, 157

Ark, 87, 292

Arkansas River, 326

Armada, the, 306

Armenia, 60, 100, 113, 151, 171, 185, 195, 238, 258

Aromatic Cape, 10, 231

Arngrim, 92

Arrian, 154, 196, 197, 225

Artemidorus, 81, 195

Artemis Stymphalia, 77

Arthur, King, 64, 256, 259

Art’s beginning in magic, 376

Aryan culture, 357

Asafœtida, 94

Asesa, 143

Asia, 1, 2, 109, 135, 136, 148, 196, 211, 212, 213, 267, 351, 364

Asia Minor, 135, 153, 169, 186, 281, 283, 365

Ass, 46, 48, 122, 338, 361, 374;
Feast of the, 48;
Baalam’s, 370

Ass-bittern, 67

Assuan, 143

Assyria, 56, 66, 169

Astarte, 186, 187

Astolpho, home of, 76

Astomi, the, 107-108

Astrakhan, 237

Astronomy, Maya, 293, 294

Asuang, 111

Asuncion, 300, 311

Aswamedha quest, 156, 157

Atahnallpa, Inca, 313, 333

Atbara River, 199

Athenæus, 350

Athens, 83, 281, 286

Athos, Mount, 193

Atlantes, 194

Atlantic Ocean, 1, 104, 252, 256, 261, 262-273, 277, 278, 287,
289, 291

Atlantis, 1, 252, 254, 255, 266, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281-297, 369

_Atlantis: The Antediluvian World_, 288

Atlas Mountains, 140, 206, 264, 282, 290

Atrato River, 331

Attica, 122, 152, 153, 154

_Attic Nights_, 349

Augustus, 90, 96, 236

Aurochs, 55

Aurungzebe, 170

“Austin the monk,” 128

Australia, 11, 255, 328, 329

Autolycus, 249

Avalon, isle of, 259, 345

Avernus, lake of, 262

Ayamanes, 139

Azerbaijan, 337

Azores, the, 12-13, 255, 271, 275, 277, 280, 287, 288, 289, 290

Azov, Sea of, 154, 156, 358

Aztecs, 189, 204, 292, 338

B

Baalam, 53

Baalim, 185

Baboons, fear of, 126

Babylon, 122, 204, 238, 260, 358

Babylonia, 85, 87

Bacchus, 203

Bactrians, 55

Badger’s legs, 44

Bagdad, 362

Bagrada River, 37

Bahama Islands, 278, 314

Bailey, 128

Baker, Sir Samuel, 36, 135

Ba-Kwamba tribe, 130

Balasses, 244

Balboa, 76, 330, 331-332

Balm of Gilead, 230

Baltic Sea, 100, 114, 151, 160, 254

_Bamboo Books_, 71

Bancroft, 307

Banda, 206

Bandelier, 322, 326

Bangkok, 177

Banshee, 99

Bantam, 177, 184

Bantu, the, 149

Barbarism defined, 357

Barbarossa, Frederick, 220

Barcelona, 174

Barentz, 41

Barns of Joseph, 358

Basil, 20, 350

Basilisk, 2, 78

Bassorah, Hassan el, 159

Bastards of the Kalahari Desert, 146

Bat, 76, 77, 217, 245, 331, 340, 344

Bates, 75, 76, 126

Battalion of Death, 154, 156, 174-177

Batu, 106

Batwas, the, 145

Baurded, Treasurer, 143

Bears, 43, 65, 118, 128, 374;
as men bewitched, 29

Beasts, fabulous, 49-67

Beasts of Revelation, 65

Beazley, 363

Becket, Thomas à, 128

Bede, 6

Bedouins, 365

Bedtime stories, 370, 375

Bee, 44

Beelzebub, the fly god, 30

Beetle, 217, 218, 303

Beeton, 193

Behrs, the, 184

Belalcazar, 299, 301

Bellerophon, 152

Belloc, 216

Belzoni, 18

Benjamin of Tudela, 108, 238, 243, 358

Bennu, 70

Benzom, gum, 230

Berber rock-towns, 195

Bermuda Islands, 101, 278, 288

Bernier, 170

Bertinoro, 17

Beryl, 25

Bes, 150

Bestiaries, 46, 375

Bezoar, 24, 38

Bible, 83, 86, 122, 185, 192, 213, 338

Bibliography, 378-383

Bielovodye, 222

Big-footed men, 2

Billdad, 66

Bimini, 314, 315

Bird of paradise, 43

Birds, 373

Birthstone, 24

Bishop-fish, 100

Black River, 136

Black Sea, 135, 151, 153, 187, 268

Black Side of Cathedral, 204

“Black Virgin,” 171

Bladder as sky, 119

“Blameless” peoples, 203

Brazil, 95, 123, 126, 188, 193, 218, 299, 375

Blefkens, 133

Blemmyes, the, 109

Blessed Islands, 258-261, 262

Bloodstone, 24

Blue-land, 268

Boadicea, 169

Boccias Islands, 102

Bogaz Keni, 186

Bogota, 301, 304

Bohemia, 171, 248-250

Bokhara, 240

Bolivia, 294, 299, 311

Bongo tribe, 129

_Book of the Cities and Marvels of Countries_, 362

_Book of Climates_, 362

_Book of Diversities_, 363

_Book of Roads and Kingdoms_, 362

Books, virtue in all, 354

Borneo, 94, 129, 158, 159, 335

Bororo Indians, 27

Bosman, 179

Bossewell, 66

Boston Linnæan Society, 94

_Botanic Garden_, 58

Botchkareva, Maria, 156, 174-177

Bothnia, Gulf of, 93

Bo-tree, Sacred, 216

Bottle-imps, 22

Bouchey, Margaret, 23

Bougainville, 138, 329

Boundary between Old and New World, 277

Bounteous Isle, 253

Bourbourg, Abbé Brasseur de, 293

Bourgogne, Jean de, 365, 367

Boys, maiming of, 172

Bradamante, 172

Bragman, isle of, 260

Brahma, 205, 338

Bran, 89

Breadfruit, 260

Breezes, generative, 50

Brest, 289

Brhaspati, 338

Bridge of tortoises, 359

Bridinno, dwarf land of, 138

Britannus, 344

British Columbia, 360

British Isles, 9, 203, 254, 263, 264, 274, 290, 296, 351

Brittany, 256

Brobdingnag, 373

Bronze Age, 294

Browne, Sir Thomas, 23, 39, 44, 53, 69, 78, 99, 140, 334, 350

Bruce, 71

Brundusium, 349

Brushwood Town, 128

Brusilov, 175

Brynhild, 79

Buache, 369

Bucephali, 103

Buchanan, 125

Buddha, 215, 361

Buddhism, 188, 240, 261, 360

Buenos Aires, 311

Buffalo, 6, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325;
Caffrarian, 56

Buffon, 33, 35, 43, 77, 111, 140, 141, 192, 350

Bull, 81, 338, 342, 367

Bulotu, 260

Bunyan, 262, 367

Bunyan, Paul, 66

Bunyip, 95

Buried cities, 213-215

Burma, 269, 293, 364

Burrowing creatures, 218

Burton, Lady, 180

Burton, Sir Richard, 159, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183

Busbequins, 63

Bushmen, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 227

Bustard, 210

Butterfly, 344

Buzzard, 370

Byssus silk, 59

Byzantium, 361

C

Cabeza, de Vaca, 319, 372

Cabul, 62

Cadiz, 224, 306, 308

Cæsaristas, the, 317

Cæsars of South America, 317

Calabash, 159, 321, 361

Caldilhe, 58

Caliban, 104

California Indians, 8

California, island of, 158

California, State of, 127, 283, 360

Callao, 328

Calypso, 354

Cambodia, 195, 269

Cambyses, 15

Camel, 42, 50, 62, 63, 81, 210, 232, 361;
flying, 358

Cametennus, 361

Campanella, 373

Camulatz, the bird, 293

Canada, 290

Canary Islands, 258, 265, 270, 287, 290, 345, 359

Canelas, 300, 301

Cape Bojador, 272

Cape Cod, 289

Cape of Good Hope, 270, 278

Cape Guardafui, 10, 156, 231

Cape Hatteras, 288

Cape Santa Elena, 192

Cape of Spices, 231

Cape Verde Islands, 287, 289, 290

Cappadocia, 185, 186, 195

Capricorn, 67

Caqueta River, 302, 303

Carbuncle, 24

Carchemish, 185

Cardan, 140

Cardinal Points, 203-205

Caribbean Sea, 160, 290, 291, 296, 299, 300, 369

Carib, island of, 160

Caribs, the, 166, 217, 291, 292

Caribou, 29

Carlyle, 172

Caroline Islands, 158

Caroni River, 305, 311

Carp, 81

Carpini, 104, 106, 113, 194, 258

Cartagena, 330

Carteret, 329

Carthage, 123, 263, 264, 271, 274

Cartooning humanity, 103

Caspian Sea, 237

Cassia, 231, 233, 234, 243

Cassiquiare River, 304

Cassiterides, the, 263

Castaneda, 322

Castelnau, 125, 130

Castor, 94

Cat, 253, 338

Cataclysm in New World myth, 292, 294

Catalan map, 90, 160

Cat-fish, 6, 67

Cathay, 106, 113, 222, 240, 312, 365

Cathedrals, animal symbolism in, 46-48, 375

Catoblepas, 36

Caucasus Mountains, 72, 114, 153, 171, 193, 194, 195, 207, 235, 237

Cave drawings, 340

Celtic glamour, 256, 348

Celts, 83, 367

Central America, 77, 291-294, 297

Celebes, 242

Cellar strain in human nature, 217

Cellini, Benvenuto, 38

Centaur, 66, 114, 361

Central point of earth, 7

Cephalopod, 95

Cercopes, the, 125

Cerne, 275

Ceylon, 42, 157, 160, 258, 363

Chalcedony, 25

Chaldea, 98, 159, 366

Chambers’ _Journal_, 142

Chameleon, 366

Chamlakhu, 127

Chains of Indo-China, 31

Chao Fu-Kua, 137

Chaos, 86

Chardin, 171

Charia, Isle of, 366

Charlemagne cycle, 56, 75, 76, 95

Charles III of Spain, 318

Charles V of Spain, 317

Charlevoix, Father, 343

Charon’s ferry, 262

Chassenée as rat advocate, 31

Chatan, pygmy city of, 138

Chelonophagi, the, 96, 198

Chenoos, the, 119

Cherokees, the, 217

Chestnuts, 283

Chiau Yau, 136

Chibcha Indians, 301, 312

Chichen Itza, 291

Childbirth, a means of promoting, 24

Chilean mythology, 338

Chimæra, 66

China, 59, 60, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 113, 137, 147, 203, 218,
230, 259, 267, 269, 318, 335, 349, 359, 360, 364, 365

China seas, 74

Chinese discovery of North America, 360

_Chinese Encyclopedia_, 57, 107

Chinese wall, 139, 237

Chiquitos, the, 139

Chiriqui Indians, 338

Choquequirau, 314, 332

Choromandæ, the, 104

Chrism, devil’s, 78

Christ symbolized by unicorn, 53;
called the phœnix, 69

Christian fabulists, 356

Christian pilgrims, 356, 357-358

Christian symbolism, 375

_Chronicle of the Cid_, 177

Chrysolite, 25, 207

Chrysoprase, 24

Churchward, 149

Cibola, 303, 312, 314, 318-323

Ciconian coast, 228

Cilician pirates, 265

Cimarron republics, 165

Cimbri, the, 3

Cinnabar, 33

Cinnamon, 231, 233, 234, 243;
Land of, 301, 312

City of Brass, 110

City of God, 356

City of Hump-backed Women, 361

City of Mexico, 312, 321, 322

City of the Sun, 2, 69, 373

Classic myth, 375

Claudius, 69

Closet philosophers, 369

Clothing, origin of, 87

Cloud-centaurs, 103

Cloud-Cuckoo Town, 285, 373

Clouds of Magellan, 311

Cloves, 230, 243, 245

Coast Range, 283

Coata, 124

Cobra, 112

Cochin-China, 137, 243

Cock, 30, 44

Cockaigne, Land of, 374

Cockatrice, 66, 77-78

Cock’s egg, 78

Cocytus River, 262

Cod, 96

Colic, a cure for, 24

Coligny, 306

_Collecteanea_, 355, 356

Colombia, 207, 300, 301, 302, 311, 312

Colorado River, 318, 321

Columbus, 10, 12, 102, 130, 151, 160, 161, 167, 242, 258, 270, 271,
274, 277, 279, 368, 371

Comedy, Greek, 339

Commercial subtlety, 244

Communal houses, 303, 327

Comorin, Cape, 149

Compass, 7

Composite creatures, doctrine of, 341

Concepcion, 316

Condor, 74

“Conflict between Horus and Set,” 86

Confucius on jade, 24

Congo, 178, 179

Conquistadors, 299-333, 368, 369

Constantinople, 359

Constellations, animal forms of, 30

Conway, 206

Cook, Capt., 124

Cool Lake, 7

Coos Bay giants, 192

Copper, 327;
Age, 294;
Mountains, 207

Coptic Christians, 239

Cordilleras, 207, 273, 300, 301

Cordoba, 60, 362

Corentyne River, 167

Cornelius Nepos, 228

Corn spirit, 30

Cornwall, 255, 263, 309

Coromandel Coast, 196

Coronado, 320, 321-326, 368

Corsali, 74

Cortez, 188, 292, 329

Corvo, 271

Cosmas, 6, 34, 52, 362

Cossack colonel a woman, 177

Costa Rica, 127

Cotton-plant, 59

Cotzbalam, the bird, 293

Cougnantainsecouima, the, 164

Council of Virgins, 172

_Country of the Dwarfs_, 142

Country of Widows, 158

Country of Women, 156

Court of the Universe, 284

Cow, 257, 374

Cowry shell, 87

Coyote, 106, 118, 370, 374

Crab, 30, 43, 61, 97

Cradle of Gold, 312, 332

Cramps, a cure for, 24

Crane, 2, 42, 118, 350;
war with pygmies, 141

Crantor, 286

Crayfish, 245

Creative caricature, 340

Credulity of Greeks, 353

Crete, 287

Cricket, 81, 361

Crimean war, 171

Criminal courts of birds, 42

_Critias_, the, 281, 282, 285

Crocker Land, 255

Crocodile, 36-37, 45, 47, 338, 361

Cromagnons, the, 190

Crow Indians, 139

Crusaders, 186

Ctesias, characterized, 352-353;
cited, 18, 19, 25, 35, 37, 51, 52, 55, 57, 63, 105, 106, 109, 113,
133, 135, 191, 193, 335, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 366

Cuatas, the, 123

Cuba, 130

Cuchiviro, Rio, 166

Cuckoo, 44

Cundinamarca, plateau of, 298, 300, 301

Cupidity, a cure for, 24

Curupira, 126, 127

Cush, 17

Cushing, 323

“Customs” of Dahomey, 179

Cuttlefish, men mistaken for, 27

Cuvier, 36, 54, 140, 141, 142, 144, 350

Cuzco, 314, 316, 332

Cybele, 186

Cyclopes, 253, 361

Cyme, 153, 187

Cynocephali, 105, 351, 367

Cyrenaica, 212

Cyrene, 78, 134

Cyrne, 193

Cyrus the Great, 169

Czecho-Slovakia, 248

D

Da Gama, 242, 244

Dahomey, 179-183

Dahut, Princess, 256

Dalay River, 138

Damastes, 202

Dampier, 77, 198, 245

Dance macabre, 47

Dancing negresses, 182

Dandini, 25

Daniel, Abbott, 358

D’Annunzio, 341

Danube River, 153, 203

Dardæ, 63

Darkness, legends as to, 220-221

Darwin, Charles, 112, 316

Darwin, Erasmus, 58

David, 226

Davy, 102

De Acunha, Father, 163

Dead Sea, 358

Deadly upas tree, 20

De Arguello, 316

Death-watch, 44

De Berreo, 305, 306, 308

Deccan, 177

De Chaves, 311

Dee, River, 102

Deer, 81, 127, 327, 374

Deformed Folk, 352

De Gamboa, 328

De la Mare, 255

De Leon, Diego Flores, 317

De Leon, Ponce, 314, 315

Delicious Isle, 253

Delight-makers, 370

_Delight of Those Who Seek to Wander Through the Regions of the
World_, 362

Delisle, 369

Delos, 201

Delphi, 201

Deluded Folk, eight, 270

Deluge, 87, 292, 297

Delusive water, 312

De Maillet, 89

Demons, 376

De Ortribia, 315

De Proveda, 304

Derbent, 237

Derceto, 98, 186

Descouret, 130

_Description of Greece_, 353

Desert, 2, 199, 209-215

De Silva, 300, 304

“Destruction of Mankind,” 86

Deucalion, 292

De Urreta, 15

De Ursua, 304

Devil, cult of in Florida, 4

Devil-fish, 67

Devil-mask of the Jurupary, 163

De Weltheim, 64

Diable Borteux, 126

Diamond, 24, 87, 244

Diana of the Ephesians, 186

Diana in Autun, 215

Dicuil, 8

Digby, Sir Kenelm, 212

Dinosaur, 82

Diodorus Siculus, 25, 35, 43, 49, 77, 96, 153, 165, 185, 197, 198,
199, 202

Dionysus, 122

Disappearing Islands, 1, 256-257

Disraeli, 359

Ditter, island of, 251

Dobayba, temple of, 76

Dodona, oak of, 215

Dog, 30, 49, 56, 64, 89, 293, 340;
husbands, 29

Dogfish, 87

Dog-headed people, 105-107, 349, 351, 360, 367

Dog-ribs, the, 106

Dog Star, 14, 233

Dolmen, 343

Dolphin, 90-91, 103

Dondun, 109

Donnelly, Ignatius, 278, 294

Don steppes, 156

D’Orbigny, 139

Dordogne cave paintings, 376

Dos Santos, 35, 73

Doughty, 210

Doul-Karnain, 236

Dove, 47

Dowarnenez, Bay of, 256

Dragon, 2, 32, 45, 47, 53, 56, 58, 65, 66, 79-88, 98, 268, 331, 344,
360, 361, 367, 375

Dragonfly, 217, 344

Dragon-tyger, 67

Dragon-wolf, 67

Drake, 3, 245, 277, 306, 329

Dravidians, 146

Drawings, Primitive, 340

Dread of thick foliage, 216

Dream Quests of Spain, 312-333

Dreams, 339, 372

Dromedary, 361

Druids, 257, 265, 296

Drums, magic, 241

Drunkards, 374

Dryads, 216

Du Chaillu, 142

Duck, 30

Duff Islands, 329

Duirs, the, 129

Dumb-barter, 15, 104

Dunashki, 137

Du Pin, Jean, 365

Dutch East India Company, 245

Dwarf-gods of Egypt and Phœnicia, 150

Dwarfs, 268, 343, 363, 372

Dyaks, the, 36

E

Eagle, 47, 56, 81, 374

Eagle-stone, 24

Earth, size and shape of, 5-13

Earth-holders, 6, 30, 370

East, 204-205

East African islands, 96

Easter Island, 255

Eastern Roman Empire, 239, 265

East Indies, 79, 328

Ecbatana, 238

Ecclesiastical suits against vermin, 31-32

Echo, the, 339

Eclipses, 30

Ecuador, 13, 302

Edam, 100

Eden, 87, 257, 258, 357

Eden, Richard, 241

Edom, land of, 224, 226

Eel, 43, 96;
“eel-mother,” 96

Eel-like men, 112

Egede, Hans, 94

Egypt, 2, 69, 85, 142, 143, 144, 169, 186, 204, 210, 230, 281, 286,
340, 351, 365

Emmet valley, 63

Elbe River, 248

Elders, Animal, 65

El Dorado, 161, 298-310, 348, 369

Elephant, 32-34, 43, 46, 51, 57, 109, 284, 291, 343, 351, 361, 374;
tower, 33

Elephantine, 143

Elephantophagi, 199

Eleusinian mystery, 184

El Gran Moxo, 312, 333

El Gran Paititi, 312, 333

Elixir of life, 88

Elizabethan age, 305

Elizabeth, Queen, 306, 307, 369

Elm’s refreshing shadow, 19

El Turco, 324, 325, 326

Elysium, 217, 220, 257-261, 262

Emerald, 24, 318

Emerson, 342

Empedocles, 341

Enchanted City of the Cæsars, 312, 316-318

Enchanted Islands, 327

Enchantments, a defense against, 24

Enciso, Bachelor, 330

Encyclopædia Britannica, 79, 144, 242

Encyclopædists, 350, 351, 356

Engano, 158

English Channel a ferry of souls, 266

Englishmen, tailed, 128

Enmities of birds, 44

Enotocoitae, the, 109

_Enquiries of Browne_, 350

Ephesus, 153, 186, 187

Epilepsy, treatment of, 24, 56

Epiphany, 358

Equatorial Current, 278

Equestrian statues, Carthaginian, 271

Eratosthenes, 10, 263

Ericson, Thorwald, 113

Eriphia, 20

Error the guiding star of discovery, 371

Erythræ, 63

Erythræan Sea, 353

_Esdras_, books of, 11

Eskimos, 4, 106, 108, 110, 112, 141, 145, 338, 369

Essay-writing, a dragon diet for, 81

Estevanico, 319, 320, 321, 323

_Esther_, book of, 187

Estland, 345

Estotiland, 345

Etearchus, 134, 135

Ethnography, 291

Ethiopia, 68, 104, 108, 113, 178, 193, 203, 235, 364, 365

Etymology as source of myths, 344-347

Eudoxus, 113

Euphrates River, 7, 185, 358

Euripides, 263

Europe, 106, 202, 264

Evangelists as beast-headed men, 339

Evans, 47

Eve, 84, 87, 112

Evolution of divine beast-men, 338

Evolution of the Dragon, 84

Ewaipanoma, 110

Expedition Island, 255

_Ezekiel_, book of, 235, 236

Ezion-geber, 224, 227

F

Fabric of Illusion, 334-347

Fabulous winged creatures, 68-78

Fa-hien, 360

Fairies, 150;
queen of, 359

Falcon-fish, 67

Falcon-man, 159

Falconry, 133

Familiars, 99

Fang-chang, 82

Farissol, Abraham, 17

Faroes, the, 93

Fatephur Sikri, 33

Father John, bird called, 71

Faun, 122, 361

Fayal, 306

Fear, myths of, 371

Feast of Reason, 173

Feast of the Valiant Women, 174

Feathered men, 349

Febrifuge, a, 24

Federmann, 301, 303, 332

Felfel Mountain, 206

_Fen-shu_, 57

Female Crusade, 172

Female incense, 233

Fertility emblems, 30

Festus Avienus, 275

Fezzan, 195

Fiddlers’ Green, 374

Fiend fly, 344

Fijis, 335

Filipinos, 127

Finland, 240, 335

Finn-folk, 242

Finnish magic songs, 241;
riddles, 346

First People, Indian, 28, 118, 119, 339, 342

Fish, a polygamous, 43

Fish-eating races, 196-198

Flaccus, 351

_Flame of Life_, 341

Flavianus, 90

Fleurieu, 369

Flint people, 370

Florida, 53, 102, 315, 319

Flying Dutchman, 276

Foersch, 20

Folk of Tradition, 190-200

_Fonte perenni_, 315

Forest, beliefs as to, 215-217

Formosa, 129

Fortunate Isles, 257-261, 262, 354

Fossils as source of myths, 295, 343, 344

Fountain of the Sun, 18

Fountain of Youth, 15, 312, 314-315, 365

Fouqué, 99

Fox, 29, 47, 342, 374

Fragrant Mountains, 7

France, 249, 255

France, Anatole, 342

Frankincense, 231

Franks, the, 266

Frazer, 187, 346

French Amazons, 172-174

Friar-fish, 67

Friars, begging, 338

Friedemann, 139

Friendly Islanders, 260

Friendships of birds, 44

Friesland, West, 100

Frobisher, 52

Frog, 30, 118

Fu-lin, 61

_Fung-wang_, 70

Furies, the, 265

G

Gadarenes, country of the, 44

Gaditanian Sea, 92

Gains of Fable, 371-377

Galen, 24

Galvano, 129

Gambia River, 263

Gamblers, 374

Gamphasantes, the, 199

Ganges River, 7, 203, 267

Garcias ab Horto, 53

Garcilaso de la Vega, 212

Gargoyles, 337

Garnet, 24, 244

Garuda, 134

Gaul, 9, 90, 203, 265

Geese, wild, 41-42

Gélélé, King, 179

Gellius, 349

_Genesis_, book of, 7, 22, 83, 224, 235, 282

Genghis Khan, 237, 239

Geographers, ancient, 350

Geography of Scents, 230-231

Gerini, 17, 129, 136, 269

Germain, Louis, 289, 290, 291

German Hydrographic Office, 278

Germany, 83, 96, 97, 99, 156, 356, 374

Gesner, 79

Gessi, 275

Getæ, the, 3

Ghauts, the, 149

Ghosts, merriment of, 4

Ghouls, 363;
isle of, 251

Giants, 190-193, 257, 268, 343, 361, 367, 368, 372;
stone, 117, 119

Gibbon, 240

Gibraltar, 1;
Straits of, 265, 267, 287, 288

Gihon, 7

Gila Canyon, 139

Gilbert, 306

Gilboa, Mount, 358

Gilded Man, the, 298-310

Gindanes, land of the, 227

Ginger, 243

Ginseng, 22, 23

Giraldus Cambrensis, 217

Glistening Heath, 79

Glooskap, 91, 119

Glow-worms, 245

Gnomes, 150

Gnu, 36

Goat, 30, 43, 122, 235, 338, 374

Gobi, Desert of, 2, 214, 360

Goddess of Liberty, 173

God-man, 188

God’s land of the Celts, 217

Gog and Magog, 1, 9, 207, 235-238, 362

Gold, 229, 244, 284, 327;
origin of use as money, 87;
Spanish quest of, 298-333

Gold Coast, 272

Golden Age, 208, 287, 336

Golden Apalache, 319

_Golden Bough_, 187

Golden Chain, adventure of, 332

Golden Chersonese, 12, 224, 230

Golden Fleece, 372

Golden Surface, the, 377

Goliath, 192

Good intentions, 373

Goodwin Sands, 255

Goose, 30

Gonges, Olympede, 173

Gorgons, 153, 212, 213

Gorilla, 123

Goths, 169

Gould, Baring, 98, 130

Gould, Charles, 54, 82

Gradlon, King, 256

Grand Lama of Tibet, 187

Grapes, 284

Grasshoppers, 38, 348

Grasshopper-eaters, 198

“Grasshopper warriors,” 144

Gravelly Sea, 211

“Great China,” 359

Great Han Country, 360

Great Mother, 186, 188

Great Saracen Land, 268

Great Syrtis, 194

Great toe, peculiar formation of, 199

Great Year, 70

Greece, 90, 100, 246, 247, 262, 352

Greenland, 94, 106, 133, 290

Green Sea of Gloom, 1, 269

Grenada, island of, 245

Gribble, 80

Griffin, 2, 55-56, 63, 64, 66, 67, 152, 253, 337, 350, 361, 367, 375

Grimm Brothers, 22, 193, 369

Guacaris, the, 163

Guadeloupe, 160

Guatemala, 118, 127, 293

Guatavita, Lake, 298, 299

Guaviare River, 302, 304

Guiana, 3, 110, 163, 292, 309, 310, 311, 346

Guillim, 52, 66

Gulf of California, 320, 321

Gulf of Mexico, 315, 319

Gulf of Oraba, 331

Gulf of Paria, 13

Gulf Stream, 278

Gulfweed, 280

Gumberoo, 66

Gum camphor, 20

Gum-tree country, 260

Gunhild, 241

Gwenland, 160

Gwyn ab Nudd, 368

Gymnetæ, the, 193

Gypsies, 222, 248, 249

H

Hacus, 320

Hadam, Eldad, 17

Hahua-chumpi, island of, 327

Haida, 6

“Hairy ones,” 122

Haiti, 260

Hakluyt, 3, 20, 34, 37, 101, 251, 307, 369

Halcyon, 43

Half-men, 111-112

Halls of the Giants, 359

Hamam Meskouteen, 212

Haman, 187

Hand of Satan, 272

Hanno, 123, 263

Hannum, 187

Hanuman, 124, 338

Hanyson, 220

Happy hunting grounds, 217

Harald Hardrada, 268

Hardouin, 70

Hare, 81, 374

Harem of a queen, 179

Harpies, 2, 66, 75-77, 375

Hart, 47

Hathor, 85, 87

Hatusapur, 156

Havaika, 260

Hav-fruen, 101

Havilah, 1, 7, 9, 223, 224, 225, 226

Hav-manden, 101

Hawk, 78, 338

Hawkins, 52, 252

Hawks, Henry, 322

Hayton, King, 106

Headless People, 109, 346, 349, 368, 372

Hebrew the natural speech, 357

Hecatæus, 202

Hedgehog, 47

Hedin, 208, 214

Hedjaz, 138

Hegesias, 349

Heifer, 28

_Heimskringla_, 267

Heine, 314

Helicon, Island of, 251

Heliogabalus, 69

Heliolithic culture, 373

Heliopolis, 69, 70

Hellebore, 204

Hellespont, 352

Hell-way, 204

Helyon, 52

Hen, 27, 245, 293, 366

Henry VII, 99

Henry the Navigator, Prince, 199, 225, 270, 271, 367

Heraldry, 2, 66-67

Herbenstein, 102

Hercules, 38, 77, 132, 152, 153, 202, 205

Hercynian birds, 356

Herkhuf, 143

Hermes, 96, 246

Hermits, beasts of, 45

Herodotus, characterized, 352;
cited, 14, 26, 55, 62, 63, 71, 72, 77, 104, 107, 123, 132, 134,
151, 154, 155, 193, 194, 195, 196, 202, 207, 228, 230, 231,
233, 234, 335, 349, 350, 353, 354, 361

Heroes of beast epics, 29

Heron, 70

Herrera, 191

Hesiod, 75, 202, 263, 287

Hesperides, the, 345

Hibernating Samoyeds, 116-117

Hiddekel, 7

Hierro, island of, 20

_Hill and Sea Classic_, 136

Hill of Little Devils, 208

Himalayas, the, 135, 149, 336, 343

Himantopodes, the, 114

Himilco, 263, 274

Himyarites, the, 226

Hionen Thsang, 157, 219, 360, 361

Hippocampus, 67

Hippo Diarrhytus, 90

Hippogrif, 56

Hippogypi, the, 103

Hippolyte, 153

Hippopotamus, 34-35, 338

Hiram of Tyre, 223

_History of the Indies_, 369

Hittites, 185-187

Ho-lao-lo-kia, vanished city of, 214

Holland, 245

Holme, 66

Holstein coast, 254

Holy Roman Empire, 99, 220, 248

Homer, 5, 7, 22, 132, 133, 140, 141, 199, 202, 227, 252, 287, 349,
352, 354, 363

Homocane, 67

Homunculus, 22

Hopi towns, 323

Horizon Lands, 201-222

Horned hogs, 245

Horned men, 361

Horneman, 130

Horse, 30, 51, 56, 122, 156, 157, 324

Hörselberg, 219

Horus, 86

Hospitality, proverb on, 335

Hottentots, 131, 146, 225, 227;
“click” of, 105

House of Song, 377

Houses of the Sun, 161, 332

Huallaga River, 333

Huanacos, 316

Huc, 115, 349

Hudson Bay Company, 221

Hugag, 66

Hugo, Victor, 249, 337

Huguenots, 306

Humboldt, characterized, 369;
cited, 26, 42, 126, 165, 166, 207, 271, 278, 288, 311

Humming bird, 30, 370

Hungarian Plain, 156

Huns, 154, 239

Hurakan, 293

Hyderabad, 177

Hydra, 66

Hyena, 35-36, 361

Hyparkhos River, 105

Hyperboreans, 201-203, 261

I

Ibanez, 169

Iberia, 203, 286

Ibis, 43, 71

Ibn Batuta, 42, 95, 106, 196, 243, 269, 362

Ibn Haukal, 362

Ibn Khaldun, 269

Ibn Khordadbeh, 137, 206, 362, 363

Iceland, 101, 289, 345

Ichthyophagi, 196-198

Ideal lands, 2, 257-261, 336-337, 351

Ideal states, 251

Idrisi, 8, 137, 270

Ignatius, 81

Iguanodon, 81

Iliad, 81, 133, 152, 363

Illampu, peak of, 207

Imaus, Mount, 114

Immaculate Conception, 42

_Imrama_, 258, 367

Im Thurn, 207

Incas, fugitive, 305, 333

Incense Country, the, 1, 229-235;
Route, 233;
battles, 230

Incontinency, how discovered, 24

India, 9, 55, 57, 64, 85, 104, 105, 106, 109, 113, 122, 124, 128,
133, 136, 141, 148, 188, 193, 203, 216, 219, 230, 261, 269,
351, 353, 359, 361, 364, 365

Indian Archipelago, 364

Indian Ocean, 1, 89, 91, 93, 196, 226, 231, 255, 263, 363, 365

_Indika_, 349, 353

Indo-China, 106, 136, 267

Indonesia, 135

Indus River, 7, 224

Inis Fitæ, 255

Inishbofin, 257

Insanity, a cure for, 24

Institute of Oceanography, 288

_Insula de ben faminill_, 160

_Insula mulierum_, 160

_Insula virorum_, 160

Insurrection of Women, 172

Intoxication, a preventive of, 24

Io, 28

Iran, 214, 337, 377

Ireland, 95, 99, 254

Irijo River, 165

Irish sea epics, 65, 252-253, 258, 367

Iron city, 157

Iroquois, 119, 343

Irving, 26

Is, sunken city of, 255-256

_Isaiah_, book of, 30, 77, 122

Isidore, characterized, 356-357;
cited, 121, 350, 351, 356

Iskander’s wall, 237

_Isla de beimeni parte_, 315

_Isla de Mugeres_, 160

Islam, 171, 233, 269, 270

Island of Death, 261

Island of Females, 158

Island of Life, 261

Island of Males, 158

Island of the Seven Cities, or of the Seven Bishops, 252, 259, 271,
319, 375

Islands, number of, 8

Islands of Enchantment, 251-261

Islands of the Sun, 271

Islas Encantadas, 327

Isle of the Blessed, 91

Isle of the Double Towers, 253

Isle of Finn, 253

Isle of Fire, 252

Isle of Flowers, 252

Isle of Gems, 158

Isle of Laughter, 253

Isle of a Saint, 253

Isle of Sheep, 253

Isle of Shouting, 252

Isle of witches, 253

Isogonus, 193, 349

Israel, 207, 226

Issedones, the, 107, 196

Istakhri, 60

Ister, the, 26

Istria, 249

Italy, 9, 129

Itys, 28

Ivan the Terrible, 241

Ivory, 57, 364

Ivory, apes and peacocks, 224

Ivory Coast, 179

J

Jacinth, 244

Jackal, 29, 338, 351

Jade, 23-24, 87, 162, 164;
Gate, 24

Jaguar god, 338

Jaitwas, 124

Janaidar, 208

Japan, 12, 97, 148, 259, 363, 364, 371

Jasconius, 91

Jason, 75

Jasper, 24

Java, 106, 158, 230, 242, 244, 260

Jehovah, 125, 236

Jenkinson, Anthony, 212

Jerba, 229

Jerusalem, 125, 238, 267, 282, 328, 357;
center of the earth, 7

Jesuits, 102, 317

Jet, 351