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Chapter V: Act IV: TIME: The next day

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SCENE: Before the west front of Canterbury Cathedral,
gorgeously decorated with tapestries, hatchments, and cloth
of gold. Grouped nearby are temporary booths of venders,
gaily trimmed.

_Many pilgrims are assembled; others keep arriving from
different directions, talking, praying, and sight-seeing.
At the Cathedral door a Priest blesses, with a sprengel,
those who enter._

FIRST VENDER

Relics! Souvenirs!

SECOND VENDER

Blood of the blissful martyr!

A BLACK FRIAR

[_To Bailey, the Host._]

A guide, Sir Hosteler?

HOST

Be off!

SECOND VENDER

[_To the Guild-men._]

Ampulles?

WEAVER

What are they?

SECOND VENDER

Leaden bottles; look!

DYER

What’s in ’em?

SECOND VENDER

Drops from the holy well: St. Thomas’ well,
That turned four times to blood and once to milk;
Good for the humours, gout, and falling-sickness.

WEAVER

[_Buys some._]

Here.

SECOND VENDER

Eightpence.

[_The Guild-men buy, and arrange the leaden vials in their hats._]

FIRST VENDER

Vernicles! St. Peter’s keys!

CARPENTER

[_Examining a purchase._]

What’s written on this brooch, sir?

CLERK

“Caput Thomæ.”

PLOUGHMAN

[_Staring at a statue in a niche of the Cathedral._]

Is he alive?

FRANKLIN

Naw; he’s just petrified.

BLACK FRIAR

[_To Merchant._]

A guide, sir?

MERCHANT

No.

BLACK FRIAR

Show you the spot, sir, where
The four knights murdered Becket, in the year
Eleven hundred seventy, at dusk,
The twenty-ninth day of December--

A GREY FRIAR

Nay, sir,
I’ll show you the true statue of the Virgin
That talked to holy Thomas when he prayed.

BLACK FRIAR

St. George’s arm, sir! Come; I’ll let you kiss it.

GREY FRIAR

This way; the tomb of Edward the Black Prince.

[_Both seize Merchant and tug him._]

MERCHANT

[_Struggling._]

Mine host!

HOST

[_Coming up._]

Pack off!

PARSON

[_To Ploughman._]

What May-day queen comes here?

[_Outside, left, are heard girls’ voices singing; enter,
dressed richly and gaily_, CHAUCER, _surrounded by a bevy
of Canterbury brooch-girls, who have wreathed him with
flowers and long ribbons, by which they pull him; plying
him with their wares, while he attempts to talk aside with
the Man-of-Law, who accompanies him_.]

CANTERBURY GIRLS

[_Sing._]

High and low,
Low and high,
Be they merry,
Be they glum,
When they come
To Canterbury,
Canterbury,
Canterbury,
Some low,
Some high,
Canterbury brooches buy.

CHAUCER

Sweet ladies--nay, sweet Canterbury muses,
Not Hercules amid the Lydian nymphs
Was ravished by more dulcet harmonies.

[_To Man-of-Law._]

You sergeants-of-the-law are subtle men.

MAN-OF-LAW

We have a knack--a knack, sir.

A GIRL

Pull his sleeve.

ANOTHER

They say you are a bridegroom. Is it true, sir?

CHAUCER

Your Canterbury skies rain compliments.

[_To Man-of-Law._]

Pray!--

MAN-OF-LAW

[_Taking money from Chaucer._]

If you insist, my lord.

CHAUCER

Nay, not “my lord.”
How stands the case?

MAN-OF-LAW

You say this wife hath been
Some eight times wedded?

CHAUCER

Five times.

A GIRL

Stop their gossip,
He’s talking business.

ALL THE GIRLS

Brooches! Souvenirs!

CHAUCER

[_Examining their wares._]

How much?

A GIRL

This? Two-pence.

MAN-OF-LAW

Five times--five times. Well!

CHAUCER

[_To Man-of-Law, giving more money._]

Prithee--

MAN-OF-LAW

If you insist.

A GIRL

[_To Chaucer._]

Mine for a penny.

MAN-OF-LAW

Why, then, the case stands thus: By English law,
No woman may be wedded but five times.
By law, sir, a sixth husband is proscribed.

CHAUCER

You’ll vouch for that? By law?

MAN-OF-LAW

Sir, I will quote
You precedents from William Conqueror.

CHAUCER

Alas, my nuptials! And I would have made
So neat a bridegroom!

A GIRL

Come, sir, will you buy?

ANOTHER

Take mine!

ALL THE GIRLS

Mine! Mine! Mine!

CHAUCER

Nay, fresh goddesses,
Your graces are more heavenly souvenirs!

Sell to me your glances
For a poet’s fancies!

[_To a girl with yellow hair._]

You, Midas’ daughter, how much for this gold?

THE GIRL

’Tis not for sale, sir.

CHAUCER

[_To another._]

How much for that rose?

THE GIRL

What rose?

CHAUCER

Your smile.

THE GIRL

Gratis--for you, sir.

[_Enter Alisoun, attired gorgeously as a bride._]

ALL THE GIRLS

Oh-h!

CHAUCER

How much, Olympians, for your nectar’d lips?

ALL THE GIRLS

A kiss! A kiss!

ALISOUN

Hold! Give the bride first licks.

ALL THE GIRLS

The bride!

ALISOUN

[_After kissing Chaucer._]

Now, lasses, take your turns.

A GIRL

The shrew!

ALISOUN

Lo! what a pot of honey I have won
To lure the village butterflies. Come, pretties,
Sip, sip, and die o’ jealousy.

A GIRL

[_To Chaucer._]

Who is
This woman?

CHAUCER

Nymphs, this is the gentle Thisbe
That wooed and won me. Judge then, goddesses,
How I must weep to lose her.

ALISOUN

Lose me, love?
Nay, honey-pot, I am too stuck on thee.
Thy bosom is my hive, and I queen-bee.

A GIRL

I’d rather lose my heart to a ripe pumpkin.

ANOTHER

Or a green gourd.

[_They go off, in piqued laughter._]

ALISOUN

[_Calls after them._]

What devil doth it matter
Whether he be a pumpkin or a rose,
So be that he rings sound.--Give me the man
That keeps his old bark grafted with new buds
And lops away the dead wood from his trunk,
And I will hug him like the mistletoe.
Geoffrey, thou art the man.

CHAUCER

[_As Alisoun is about to embrace him, turns to the Man-of-Law._]

Cold-blooded knave!
The flower of women and the wit of wives--
Yet I must lose her!

MAN-OF-LAW

Blame not me, sir; blame
The law.

CHAUCER

O heartless knave!

MAN-OF-LAW

By English law,
No woman may be wedded but five times.

ALISOUN

What’s that?

CHAUCER

But is there no exception?

MAN-OF-LAW

None.
By law, sir, a sixth husband is proscribed.

ALISOUN

Hey, what! What devil? Say’t again. I’m deef.

MAN-OF-LAW

By law, dame, a sixth husband is proscribed.

ALISOUN

Prescribed? Ho, then, art thou a doctor?

MAN-OF-LAW

No,
I am a sergeant-of-the-law.--“Proscribed”
Is to say, dame, “inhibited,” “forbidden.”

ALISOUN

How! you forbid me to take Geoffrey here
For my sixth husband?

CHAUCER

Nay, the law forbids it.

ALISOUN

Pish! What’s the fine?

MAN-OF-LAW

To hang, dame, by the neck
Till thou art dead.

ALISOUN

Aye, man, by _Geoffrey’s_ neck.
Get out!

CHAUCER

Canst quote the law?

MAN-OF-LAW

The statute, sir,--
The forty-ninth doom of King Richard--saith:
“One woman to five men sufficeth,” or
“Quid tibi placet mihi placet,” sir.

ALISOUN

Hog-gibberish!

CHAUCER

[_Aside._]

Nay, ’tis a man-of-law.
But soft! we’ll bribe him.

ALISOUN

[_Aside._]

Do, duck.

CHAUCER

Sergeant--hist!

[_Whispers aside and gives him money, as if covertly. Then
aloud._]

This statute, is there no appeal from it?

MAN-OF-LAW

A special dispensation from the king;
That’s all, sir.

ALISOUN

Break his head!

CHAUCER

Nay, Alis, here’s
Good news. The king himself is here to-day
In Canterbury. I will beg him grant
This special dispensation for our marriage.

ALISOUN

Thou--ask the king?

CHAUCER

Why not?

ALISOUN

Give me a vintner
For cheek! Sweet duck, I do believe thou lov’st me.

[_Enter the Miller, with the other Swains._]

CHAUCER

I am unworthy, love, to match thy wit.

MILLER

Thou art unworthy, fool, to latch her shoe.

CHAUCER

Even so.

MILLER

Thou likes to play the gentleman;
Come, then; I’ll duel you.

CHAUCER

Good Bob, I love thee.

MILLER

Come: knives or fists?

CHAUCER

Kind Bob, thou shalt this day
Shed tears and vow I love thee.

MILLER

Wilt not fight?
Then--

ALISOUN

[_Intercepting a blow at Chaucer._]

Hold there, Robin Sweetheart, art thou jealous?

MILLER

Aye, dame.

ALISOUN

What for?

MILLER

[_To Swains._]

She axes me what for!
Axe her, who gagged the Knight?

SHIPMAN

Who tied the Squire?

MANCIPLE

Who watched in the wet cellar?

SUMMONER

Tied thy doublet?

FRIAR

Who stole thy scarlet cloak?

COOK

Who kissed thy toe?

MILLER

Axe her, what made us do all this? Mayhap
To get our backs flayed--what? Mayhap to make
Our wench a wedding with this vintner here?

SHIPMAN

Revenge!

FRIAR

Remember Peggy’s stall.

[_They surround Chaucer threateningly._]

COOK

Vile tub!

PRIORESS

[_Entering, left._]

O Roderigo, help him!

KNIGHT

Whom? That churl!

SQUIRE

Father, let me!

KNIGHT

You are deceived in him.

SQUIRE

But, sir, these are the rogues that bound you.

KNIGHT

He
Is one of them. They are beneath our notice.

MANCIPLE

Death to the vintner!

SUMMONER

Hit him!

ALISOUN

Stand away!

CHAUCER

[_As Alisoun, with her fists, keeps them at bay._]

Happy, bridegroom, be thy stars
When thy Venus turns to Mars!

[_Enter heralds._]

HERALDS

Make way! Room for King Richard! Way! The King!

CLERK

[_In the crowd._]

Shall we see Chaucer now?

PARSON

He’s sure to come.

[_The heralds force back all the pilgrims, except those of
high degree, showing, at the great door of the Cathedral, a
procession of priests and choir-boys about to emerge._]

PRIEST

Peace, folk! Stop wrangling. Kneel! His Reverence,
Archbishop of Canterbury, meets the King.

PRIORESS

[_To Squire._]

Chaucer, you say?

SQUIRE

A little patience more.

[_A silence falls on the pilgrims as, within the Cathedral,
choir-boys begin to chant a hymn. Issuing from the door
and forming against one side of the massed, kneeling
pilgrims, enters a procession, headed by splendid-vested
priests, carrying pictured banners of St. Thomas and
his shrine, followed by choir-boys, and lastly, by the
Archbishop of Canterbury with regalia._]

THE PROCESSION

[_Sings._]

“Tu, per Thomæ sanguinem
Quem pro te impendit,
Fac nos, Christe, scandere
Quo Thomas ascendit.

[_Chants._]

Gloria et honore coronasti eum Domine
Et constituisti eum supra opera manuum tuarum
Ut ejus meritis et precibus a Gehennæ incendiis liberemur.”

[_At the climax of the chant, as the Archbishop appears in
the doorway, the chimes of the Cathedral peal forth from
high above the kneeling crowd; cheers, beginning from the
right, swell to a tumult, and as the people rise, enter,
right, King Richard on horseback, the Dukes of Lancaster,
Gloucester, and Ireland on ponies, and their train, among
whom are Wycliffe and Johanna on foot. Six mules, laden
with offerings, bring up the rear. The shouts of “God save
the King!” “God save John Gaunt!” etc., continue till the
King and nobles descend from their steeds._]

PILGRIMS

God save King Richard!

KING RICHARD

Thanks, good gaffers, thanks!

[_To John of Gaunt._]

Sweet Uncle Jack, thou hast a spanking pony.
Take her to Spain with you, and all the Dons
Will kiss her fetlock. N’est ce pas, bel ami?

DE VERE

They will, my Dick. Par charity! Haha!

ARCHBISHOP

[_Saluting gravely._]

God save your Majesty!

KING RICHARD

God save you, too!
Your Reverence is looking in fine feather.
Here are some trinkets for the holy martyr.
These mules bear spices from Arabia;
These--tapers; and these--Persian tapestries.
Here’s a neat statue of myself in gold;
And so, and so, so.--

[_To the Duke of Gloucester._]

Pretty Uncle Tom,
I wish my ruffs were puckered like your brows.
Dost thou pick faults, eh? in my Paris gown?

GLOUCESTER

My liege, this is the shrine of holy Becket.

KING RICHARD

Lord, save our souls!

[_To De Vere._]

Lend me a looking-glass.

DE VERE

[_Takes one from his sleeve._]

Ha! Dick, par charity!

[_Richard and De Vere look in the glass and make faces in
imitation of Gloucester and the others._]

PARSON

[_In the crowd to the Clerk._]

Yonder’s the Duke
Of Lancaster: John Gaunt.

CHAUCER

[_Who has been held back with the crowd by the heralds,
pushes through, and hastening forward, kneels to Johanna,
who is talking with Wycliffe._]

A boon! a boon!

JOHANNA

[_To Wycliffe._]

Protect me, sir!

CHAUCER

[_Holds up Johanna’s love-knot._]

Lady, once more, your pledge!

JOHANNA

Unmannered loon!

A HERALD

[_Seizes Chaucer roughly by the shoulder._]

Get back!

JOHN OF GAUNT

What, brother Geoffrey!

CHAUCER

Well met, old friend!

[_They embrace._]

KING RICHARD

God’s eyes! Our laureate.
Halloa there, Chaucer!

JOHANNA

Chaucer!

ALISOUN

Chaucer!

PRIORESS

Chaucer!

[_Chaucer bows to the King._]

SQUIRE

[_To Knight._]

Father, I said so.

GAUNT

You are late, my poet
What make you here?

CHAUCER

Blunders, your Grace.

GAUNT

How, blunders?

CHAUCER

Taxing the memory of a gracious lady.

JOHANNA

Signor, the place of fool I should have sued
For you, hath been already filled--by me.
I crave your pardon.

CHAUCER

And I kiss your hand.

KING RICHARD

Ho, Chaucer!

ALISOUN

[_Struggling with a herald._]

Let me out!

CHAUCER

Your Majesty?

KING RICHARD

When April comes, there’s not a man in England
But thinks on thee and love. While thou art England’s
And England Richard’s, thou art Richard’s own.

[_As the King embraces Chaucer, Alisoun breaks away from
the herald._]

ALISOUN

Hold up, your Majesty! The man is mine.

KING RICHARD

What’s this?

CHAUCER

My liege--another blunder.

[_Chaucer whispers aside to the Man-of-Law._]

KING RICHARD

So?
The blunder was not God’s in making her.

ALISOUN

The man is mine.

KING RICHARD

What, Geoffrey, art thou tripped?
Have love and April overflowed thy verse
To fill thy veins?

CHAUCER

Your Majesty--

MAN-OF-LAW

[_Aside to John of Gaunt._]

Dan Chaucer
Bid me explain to you--

[_They talk aside._]

CHAUCER

Your Majesty,
This is that fair-reputed fay, Queen Mab,
Who, having met amid the woods of Kent,
Hath so enamoured me, as you have said,
With love and April, that--to speak it short--
We are betrothed.

KING RICHARD

Betrothed!

DE VERE

Par charity!

MILLER

[_To a herald, who restrains him._]

Leave go!

GAUNT

[_Aside to Man-of-Law._]

A miller?

MAN-OF-LAW

[_Aside._]

Yes, that fellow there.

ALISOUN

[_Nudging Chaucer._]

Speak on, sweet chuck.

CHAUCER

“Betrothed,” your Majesty:
’Tis a sweet word which lovers’ law hath hallow’d,
But which your law, King Richard, hath envenom’d.
“No woman may be wedded but five times:”
Thus saith the law.

KING RICHARD

What! Where?

GAUNT

[_Laughingly aside._]

My liege!

[_They whisper._]

CHAUCER

And so,
Because this queen of wives hath scarce been knit
Five times in wedlock, therefore--saith the law--
Our bosoms must be sundered.

MILLER

[_In the crowd._]

God be praised!

CHAUCER

But knowing, King, how nobly wit and mercy
Are mixed in your complexion, I presume
To ask your greatness to outleap your laws
And grant, by special dispensation, to
This woman--a sixth husband.

KING RICHARD

By my fay, sir,
You ask too much. My laws are sacred.

[_Aside to John of Gaunt, who whispers him._]

Hein?

ALISOUN

Dig him again there, Geoffrey.

CHAUCER

King, have grace!

KING RICHARD

The Duke of Lancaster advises me
There may be one exception.

[_Aside._]

What? What’s that?

[_Aloud._]

But only one. My law is sacred.--Woman,
I grant to thee the right to wed once more
On one condition. Mark it; thy sixth husband
Must be a miller.--Herald, sound the verdict.

[_As the herald blares his trumpet, Alisoun shakes her
fist at Chaucer, who eyes her slily; then both burst into
laughter._]

HERALD

If any miller here desire this woman,
Now let him claim her.

MILLER

[_Rushes up._]

Here, by Corpus bones!

ALISOUN

Thou sweet pig’s eye! I take thee.

[_Extending her hand to Chaucer._]

Geoffrey, quits!

CHAUCER

Quits, Alisoun!

FRIAR

[_Bobbing up between them._]

Et moi?

ALISOUN

Et toi.

[_Kisses him._]

MILLER

[_Grabbing him._]

Hold, friar!
That pays thee to perform the ceremony.

KING RICHARD

[_Seated, to Chaucer._]

Come now, our prodigal Ulysses! Tell us;
What dark adventures have befallen thee since
Thou settest forth from Priam-Bailey’s castle?
What inland Circe witched our laureate
To mask his Muse among this porkish rabble?

CHAUCER

My liege, may I have leave to tell you bluntly?

KING RICHARD

Carte blanche, carte blanche, mon cher. I’ll be as mute
As e’er King Alcinous i’ the Odyssey.

CHAUCER

My Muse went masked, King Richard, from your court
To learn a roadside rhyme. Shall I repeat it?

KING RICHARD

Carte blanche, j’ai dit. Say on!

CHAUCER

Your Majesty,
“When Adam delved and Eve span,
Who was then the gentleman?”

MILLER

By Corpus bones!

KING RICHARD

[_Starts up._]

Mort Dieu!

CHAUCER

“Carte blanche,” my liege!
Six years ago in London, when the mob
Roared round your stirrups, Wat the Tyler laid
His hand upon your bridle. “Sacrilege!”
Cried the Lord Mayor, and Wat Tyler fell
Dead.

[_The crowd murmurs._]

GLOUCESTER

[_To Richard, remonstratingly._]

Nephew!

[_The King, sitting again, motions Gloucester silence._]

CHAUCER

Whereat you, your Majesty--
God save you, a mere boy, a gallant boy--
Cried out: “Good fellows, have you lost your captain?
I am your King, and I will be your captain.”

[_The pilgrims cheer._]

Have you forgotten how they cheered? Then hark!
Once more that “porkish rabble” you shall hear
Make music sweeter than your laureate’s odes.

[_Turning to the crowd._]

Pilgrims and friends, deep-hearted Englishmen,
This is your King who called himself your captain.

PILGRIMS

[_Shout._]

God save the King!

CHAUCER

My liege, my dear young liege,
Are these the dull grunts of the swinish herd,
Or are they singing hearts of Englishmen?
Where is _the gentleman_, whose ermined throat
Shall strain a nobler shout? “When Adam delved”--
Sire, Adam’s sons are delving still, and he
Who scorns to set his boot-heel to the spade
Is but a bastard.

KING RICHARD

[_Jumps up again._]

’Swounds!

PILGRIMS

God save Dan Chaucer!

KING RICHARD

[_To Chaucer._]

Give me thy hand. God’s eyes! These knaves cheer you
Louder than me. Go tell the churls I love ’em.

CHAUCER

[_To the pilgrims._]

His Majesty bids me present you all
Before him, as his fellow Englishmen.

KING RICHARD

[_As the pilgrims approach._]

Fellows, God bless you!

[_To Chaucer._]

Thanks.

[_Snatching away his looking-glass from the hand of De
Vere, who is making a comic face at Chaucer, he smashes it
upon the ground._]

DE VERE

Sweet Dick!

ARCHBISHOP

My liege,
The holy canopy is being raised.

[_A medley of sweet bells is heard from within the Cathedral.
The pilgrims crowd about Chaucer._]

CHAUCER

Give me your hands, my friends. You hear the bells
Which call us to the holy martyr’s shrine.
Give me your hands, dear friends; and so farewell:
You, honest parson--sly Bob--testy Jack--
Gentle Sir Knight--bold Roger--Master Franklin--
All, all of you!--Call me your vintner still,
And I will brew you such a vintage as
Not all the saps that mount to nature’s sun
Can match in April magic. They who drink it--
Yes, though it be after a thousand years,
When this our shrine, which like the Pleiades
Now glitters, shall be bare and rasèd stone,
And this fresh pageant mildewed history--
Yet they who drink the vintage I will brew
Shall wake, and see a vision, in their wine,
Of Canterbury and our pilgrimage:
These very faces, with the blood in them,
Laughter and love and tang of life in them,
These moving limbs, this rout, this majesty!
For by that resurrection of the Muse,
Shall you, sweet friends, re-met in timeless Spring,
Pace on through time upon eternal lines
And ride with Chaucer in his pilgrimage.

[_A deep bell sounds._]

ARCHBISHOP

My liege, St. Thomas will receive his pilgrims.

[_The King, lords, and people, forming in procession, begin
to move toward the entrance of the Cathedral._]

CHAUCER

[_To Prioress._]

Madame, will you walk in with me?

PRIORESS

Monsieur,
If you will offer this at Thomas’ shrine.

CHAUCER

Your brooch!

PRIORESS

Our brooch.

CHAUCER

When shall we meet again?

PRIORESS

Do you forget our star?

CHAUCER

Forget our star!
Not while the memory of beauty pains
And _Amor vincit omnia_.

[_The heralds blare their trumpets; the priests swing their
censers; the choir-boys, slowly entering the Cathedral,
chant their hymn to St. Thomas, in which all the pilgrims
join. Just as Chaucer and the Prioress are about to enter,
the curtain falls._]

Explicit pars quarta.

FINIS.

Aña.

Granum cadit copiam germinat frumenti: alabastrum
frangitur fragrat vis unguenti. ps̅̅. Dñs regnavit

Aña.

Totus orbis martyris certat in amorem: cujus
signa singulos agunt in stuporem. ps̅̅. Jubilate.

Aña.

Aqua thome quinquies varians colorem
in lac semel transiitquater in cruorem. ps̅̅. De’ de’ me’

Aña

Ad thome memoriam quater lux descendit: et
in sancti gloriam cereos accendit. ps̅̅. Benedicite

Aña.

Tu per thome sanguinẽ quem pro te impendit: fac
nos christe scandere quo thomas ascendit. ps̅̅. Laudate
]

ADDENDA

1. The accompanying reproduction of the original Hymn to St. Thomas, of which the last verse only is sung by the pilgrims in Act IV, is authentic in words and music.

The author is sincerely indebted to Professor Kittredge, of Harvard University, for tracing and securing, through the various courtesies of Mr. Albert Matthews (of Boston), Mr. Frank Kidson (of Leeds), Mr. J. E. Matthew (of S. Hampstead, London), and Mr. Wilson (of the British Museum Library), a copy of this almost inaccessible document.

The words are taken from Vol. 13, p. 240, of Dreves’ “Collection of Sequences and Latin Hymns.” The music is copied from the “Sarum Antiphonal” of 1519.

In regard to the music, Mr. Wilson writes: “Each of these Antiphons (_i.e._ each verse of the hymn) is sung once before, and once after, each psalm. Here there are five; and at the end of each is the catchword of the psalm. The first is ‘_Dominus regnavit_’; the second, ‘_Jubilate_,’ and so on.”

Mr. J. E. Matthew writes: “The catchword is not sufficient, in every case, to identify the psalm, but I have indicated all the psalms having such beginnings.[1] The lines ‘Gloria et honore coronasti,’ etc. (part, of course, of the 8th Psalm: ‘Thou hast crowned him with glory and honour’), form no part of the service in the ‘Sarum Antiphonal.’”

2. For valuable information and advice regarding the chronology of the “Canterbury Tales” as affecting this play, the author also gives sincere thanks to his friend, Mr. John S. P. Tatlock, of the University of Michigan.

3. The following dates will reveal certain anachronisms in the text of his play, which the writer, for dramatic purposes, has ignored:--

Oct. 1, 1386: Chaucer was elected Knight of the Shire for
Kent, which office he still held in April, 1387.

Dec. 31, 1384: Wycliffe died.

1386: John of Gaunt left England for Castile.

4. According to Chaucer scholars, the third wife of John of Gaunt was probably a sister of Chaucer’s wife. Upon this probability, though it could not have been a fact until after 1387, the author bases his dramatic license of referring to Chaucer and the Duke of Lancaster as brothers-in-law.

PERCY MACKAYE.

NEW YORK, March, 1903.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The psalms, as indicated by Mr. Matthew, are as follows: Beginning _Deus regnavit_, xxiii, xcix; _Jubilate_, c, lxvi; _Deus, Deus, meus_, xxii, lxiii; _Benedicite_, The Song of the Three Children? (Apocrypha.) _Laudate_, cxiii, cxvii, cxxxiv, cxlvii, cxlviii.

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