Chapter XX: Conclusion (1)

We have now assisted at the birth of the Sword in the shape of a bit of wood, charred and sharpened. We have seen its several stages of youth and growth to bone and stone, to copper and bronze, to iron and steel. When it had sufficiently developed itself Egypt gave it a name, SFET; and this name, at least fifty centuries old, still clings to it and will cling to it. In the hands of the old Nilotes the Sword spread culture and civilisation throughout adjoining Africa and Western Asia. The Phœnicians carried it wide and side over the world then known to man. The Greeks won with it their liberty and developed with it their citizenship. Wielded by the Romans, it enthroned the Reign of Law, and laid the foundation for the Brotherhood of Mankind. Thus, though it soaked earth with the blood of her sons, the Sword has ever been true to its mission—the Progress of Society.

In Part II. we shall see the Sword attain the prime of life, when no genius, no work of art was too precious to adorn it; and when, from a weapon of offence, it developed exceptional defensive powers. Here begins the Romance of the Sword.

INDEX.

Abderites, 212

Abella, sword and shield of the people of, 264 _n_

Abraham and the Egyptians, 103;
his origin, 150 _n_

Abyssinia, native copper from, 63 _n_

Abyssinian lance, 270

— Sword, 163 _sq._, 237

_Acacia detinens_ (‘Wait-a-bit’), 6

_Acanthurus_ (‘surgeon’ or lancet-fish), 10

Accad inscription (Babylonia), 199

Accensi Velati (Roman soldiers), 245

Achæans of the Caucasus, 195 _n_

Achæmenes, 208

Achilles’ shield, 212, 223

— spear pointed with chalcos, 55 _n_

‘Acies instructa’ and ‘sinuata’ (Roman army), 245

Acies (of a weapon), 107 _n_

Acinaces, not a scymitar, 227 _n_

Acinaces, Persian, 210;
with golden ornaments, 212

Aclys (archaic weapon), 35 _n_

‘Adaga’ of mediæval writers, 12

Adam Kadmon, 2

Adam primus, 2 _n_

Adam, the Hebrew, 149

Adámas (steel), 221

Adargue (Moorish), 12 _n_

Adder-pike or sting-fish (_Trachinus vipera_), 11

Adonis (= Tammuz), 187

Adscriptii (Roman soldiers), 245 _n_

Adze, 20 _n_;
of copper, 67

— blades of shells and pinna, 47

Æs corinthiacum, 85 _n_;
ægineticum, 87;
demonnesium, _ib._;
nigrum, _ib._;
deliacum, _ib._;
caldarium, 88;
græcanicum, _ib._

Ægyptus (meaning of the word in Homer), 145 _n_

Æolipylæ (αἰόλου πύλαι), 31 _n_

Ærugo (or verdigris) from a spear (Achilles’), 60

_Æs_ and _Æris metalla_ (their meaning in Pliny), 58 _n_

Afghan Charay, 212

— language, 210 _n_

Africa (its mineral wealth unexplored), 63

— the Sword in, 162

African antelopes, 9

— bellows, 120 _sq._

— Telak (arm-knife), 162

Africo-Arab weapons, 163

‘Afterthought,’ 1

Afzal Khan (Moslem General of Aurangzeb), 8

Agate splinter (for wooden Swords), 47

Agave (American), 6;
used for paper-making, 50 _n_

‘Age of Wood’, 31

‘Ages’, 22 _n_

Agesilaus, army of, 241

Ἀγκύλη (Greek throw-stick), 34

‘Agmen pilatum’ and ‘quadratum’ (Roman army), 245

Agreutic (age of primitive Archæology), 5 _n_

Agriculture in Ancient Egypt, 148

Ahasuerus (= Xerxes), 210

Airain (derivation), 84

Aji (black stone), Japanese use of, for weapons, 52

Aka, Akhu (Ancient Egyptian axe), 89, 158

Akkad (= Upper Babylonia), 104 _n_

Ἀκινάκης, 90 _n_

Alabaster pommels at Mycenæ, 231, 233

Albanian castes, 241 _n_

— yataghan, 265

Alemanni (Germani), weapons of the, 270

Alexander the Great, 209

Alfânge (Iberian; El-Khanjar), 29

Algebra in Assyria, 202 _n_

Alipes (Mercury), 1

Alkinde (Ondanique), 110

Alle-barde (Teutonic weapon), 92

Allophyllian or Agglutinative Turanian, 146

Alloy (derivation of the word), 74 _n_

Alloys of copper, 53, 57

— proportions of, 83;
table of alloys in common use, 83 _sq._

Aloe (Socotrine), 6

Alorus, king of Babylonia, 199

Aluminium, 81 _n_

Alyattes, tomb of, 194

Alphabet (whence it came), 51 _n_, 147

— Hindú, 219 _n_

— of Troy, 193

Amber, 48, 87

Ambidexter Swordsmen, 185

Ambrum (= amber), 87

American broad-axe, 128

Amestris (= Esther), 210 _n_

Amphictyony of the Ionians, 194

Amukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Amun Ra, 149 _n_

Amygdaloid greenstone (‘toad-stone’), 103 _n_

Analysis of a copper knife-blade, 69;
of so-called ‘bronzes,’ 70;
of Assyrian bronze, 81

Anchor, the original, 119 _n_

Ancient Britain, centre of bronze industry, 276

— Britons, account of the, 277

— Cypriote characters, 225

— German method of warfare, 273

— Greece, extent of, 242 _n_

— Hellas, metallurgy of, 220

— Indians, 213

— Indian anthropology, 213

— Irish, character of the, 279

— Roman army (its constitution), 245

— Rome (her _rôle_ in history), 244

Ancile (sacred shield) of _æs_, 56

Andahualas valley (meaning of the name), 67 _n_

Andamanese (unable to kindle fire), 2 _n_

Andanicum (Ondanique), 110

Andena (ductile and malleable iron: Avicenna), 107

Andes (derivation of the name), 67

Andromeda legend, the, 180 _n_

Andro-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 _n_

Anelace, 263

Angels, the weapon of the, 237

Angle of cutting instruments, 131 _sq._

— of resistance, 132

Anglo-Saxon invasion of England, 275

‘Anguimanus’ (the elephant), 3 _n_

Animals in Assyrian bas-reliefs, 203

— (lower) born armed, 2

Anjan (iron-wood), 112

Anlas, 263

‘Annæus’ monument, 258 _n_

Annals of Babylon, 200

Anta (copper: Quichua), 67

Antelope (Indian) horns used for daggers, 11

Antelopes’ horns used in fishing, 27;
as lance-points, 28

Antepilani (Roman soldiers), 247 _sq._

Antesignani (Roman soldiers), 247

Anthropology, Ancient Indian, 213

— of the pagans, 21 _sq._

Antimonial bronze, 81 _n_

Antiquity of bronze in the Nile region, 275

— of iron and steel, 98

Antiseptic charcoal, 250 _n_

Antler of red deer as a thrusting-weapon, 28

Anvils, 120

Aor (= Sword, in Homer), 222;
etymology of the word, 224 _n_

Apes, 2

Aphrodite or Venus, account of, 187 _n_

Apis-tombs of Memphis, 190 _n_

Apollo and Python, 180

Apophis (serpent: Egypt), 183

Arabian weapons, 185

Arabic name for sabre, 123

Arab scymitar belonging to King of Kishakkha, 162

Arabs and Egyptians, contrast of, 144

Aram wine, 173 _n_

Ararat of Noah’s ark, the, 202

Arbotana, 14 _n_

Arblast (enlarged _arcus_), 19

Arch, Egyptian, 201

Archæology, primitive, 5 _n_

Archaic names of metals, table of, 122

— tools from Wari Gaon, 110

Archal (= _aurichalcum_), 85 _n_

Archangels (whence borrowed), 149

Archer (fish: _Toxotes_), 7

Archers (Ancient Egyptian army), 154

— Assyrian, 206

— in Homer, 222

Archery, Scythian, 19 _n_

Architects, Ancient Roman, 245

Architecture, Assyrian, 201

— in Ancient Egypt, 148

— in Hellas, 241

— origin of, 15

Arcubalista (crossbow), 19

Argentiferous copper (liquation of, in Japan), 83

— galena, 88

Argus-pheasant (Indian bird), 9

Aries (sea-ram; _Delphinus orca_), 7

Aries-shaped Sword, 141

Ariminium, coins cast in, 265

Arithmetic in Ancient Egypt, 148

Arjuna’s Sword, 217

Arka (_Calatropis gigantea_), 218

Arme blanche, 6

Armes d’hast, 6, 246 _n_

Armenia, 209 _n_

Armenian inscriptions, 200

Armidoctores, 249 _n_

Armilla of bronze, Etruscan, 196

Armlets of bronze (Etruscan), 30

Armorial badges (= rank), 141 _sq._

Armour (derivation of the word), 244

— made in Cyprus, 188

— of Ancient Egyptian soldiers, 152 _sqq._

Armour of elephants, 216

— of Goliath, 186

Arms among the Ancient Romans, 244 _sq._

— and Armour of Ancient Roman soldiers, 246 _sqq._

— manufactory in Etruria, 198

— of Hannibal and his troops, 268

— of the Keltic Gauls, 266 _sq._

— of Persian troops, 210

Army of the Ancient Egyptians, 152 _sqq._

Ἅρπη (sharp sickle), 180

Arrows, 11, 154

— made of reed, 28

Arrow-heads in Ancient Gallic and German graves, 274 _n_

— of deer-horn, 24;
of bone, 25;
of bamboo, 26;
of flint-flakes, _ib._;
of pinna and shells, 47

Arrow-piles of copper, 65

Arrow-throwers (epithet of the Argives), 222

Art and science in Ancient Egypt, 147

Art of the Hittites, 176

‘Artemis’ (Diana) of the Ephesians, 192 _n_

Articulate language (origin of), 74 _n_

Artificial calamine, 86

— malachite, 72

Aryan (language), 146 _n_

Aryans, 76

_Asclepias gigantea_, 111

Asclepius (Berytus), 75

Ashanti Sword-knife, 167

Ashur (Assyrian), 200, 207

Ashuth (fused or cast metal; Hebrew), 103

Asia, ancient mines of copper and lead in, 63

Asidhenu (dagger: Hindú), 215

Asidevatá (Sword-god produced by Brahma), 214

Askelon (site of), 186 _n_

Asp (Cobra di capello; _Coluber Haja_), 33 _n_

Ass (its method of defence), 7

Assegai used as a razor by the Amazulu, 14

Assyria (etymology of the word), 177

Assyrian architecture, 201

— bas-reliefs, 176, 201

— books, 201 _n_

— bronzes, 104 _n_

— daggers, 159, 205

— executioner, 207

— fashion of wearing the Sword, 206, 239

— fortifications, 203

— hand-daggers, 185

— inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 _n_

— invasion of Egypt, 200

— magic, 202 _n_

— metallurgy, 81, 202;
bronze, 81

— names for the Sword, 123

— robe, 175

— skill in arts, 202

— soldiers, 206

— Sphinx, 190 _n_

Assyrians of Xerxes’ army (their weapons), 105

Astrolabe in Assyria, 202 _n_

Astronomy in Ancient Egypt, 148

— of Mesopotamia, 200 _n_

Asuras (mighty demons: Hindú), 213

Atacamite (submuriate of copper), 68

Athenæus on the Sword, 242 _sq._

Athletics, Ancient Roman, 249

Athor or Hathor (‘goddess of copper’), 62, 69

Atlantis, 85 _n_

Attábo, King Blay of, 142

Auctoramentum (pay of the Bestiarii), 253

Augustin’s rendering of ‘framea,’ 271

Aurichalcum, 85

Aurochs, 30 _n_

Australian club (development), 39

Authentic annals of England, beginning of the, 275

Autochthones of Cyprus, 187

Avicenna’s description of iron, 106

Axe (as a weapon), 20, 90 _sq._;
of copper and stone, 67

— (derivation of the word), 91 _n_

Axe-heads of pure copper, 57

Ayri (cutting instruments; Peru), 67

‘Azagay’ (in Spanish and Portuguese), 42 _n_

Azure (in heraldry; derivation), 140 _n_

Baal Suteckh (Hittite War-god), 173

Baal-Zephon, site of, 175 _n_

Babanga (Sword; Gaboon), 165

Babel, Tower of, 55

Baboons, 2

Babylon, conquest of, 209

Babylonia, account of, 199 _sq._;
civilisation in, 200

Babylonian chronology, 199 _n_

Backsword, 123;
Chinese, 64

Bagpipe, origin of the, 120

Báhuyuddha (class of weapons, Hindú), 214

Baïonette Gras, 94, 134

_Balanitis Aegyptiaca_ (= Persea; Egyptian ‘Tree of Life’), 202 _n_

Balawat, bronze gates of, 202

Baldur the Beautiful, 178

Baleares (‘Slinging-Isles’), 19 _n_

Balestarius (= crossbow-man), 185

Balistæ (Roman artillery), 19, 249

_Batistes capriscus_ (‘file-fish’), 9

Ballistics, 16

Balloons, 31 _n_

Ball-steel (Chinese), 114

Bamboo (blades made of), 12, 14 _n_;
arrow-heads, 26

‘Bamboo-grass,’ 12

‘Bantu’ (Folk), 3 _n_

Ban Umha (white copper: Keltic), 65

‘Barbarian,’ history of the word, 261 _n_

Barbarism of the ancient Germans, 273

Bards of Greece, the age of the, 220

Barylithic (glacial Drift) age, 5 _n_

Barrows, Cimbrian (finds in), 274

Barzil (iron: Hebrew), 103

Basalt-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Basket-hilt of a Sword, 124, 126 _n_

Bas-reliefs of Assyria, 176, 201

— of Khorsabad, 209

— of Persepolis, 209

Baswa knife (Upper Congo), 170

Bâton ferré, 20

Battering-ram, Assyrian, 203

Battle-axe of pure copper, 70

Battle-gear of gold, 212

Battle-scene in sculpture (Cuttack), 216

Bauldric, 206

Beaked axe, 95

Bears, polar, 3

Bechwana club-axe, 93

Bedstead of iron (of Og, King of Bashan), 103

Beheading fallen foes (Gallic custom), 269

Beheading Sword, Cutch, 168

Behistun Inscription, the, 209 _n_, 226

Belagerungs-balister, 19

Belemnites (‘thunder-stone’), 21 _n_

Bel and the Dragon, 180, 183

‘Bell-metal,’ 84

Bellows, invention of, 119

Bellows of bullock’s hide, 111

Bellows-nozzles of copper, 68

Bells on a Sword-sheath, 169

Βέλος, 6

Benipe (meaning of the word), 99, 101

Bent Swords, Javanese, 218

_Beny Adam meshood_, 2

Bergbarthe (mine-picks; German), 91

Berytus (Asclepius), 75

Bestiarii (gladiators), 251, 253

Bhawáni (Sívají’s Sword), 8 _n_

Bibasis (gymnastic dance), 239

Bíchwa (weapon used by Sívají), 8 _n_

Bilbilis (river: Lusitania), 266 _n_

Bil-Kan (Assyrian god), 182

Bill (derivation of the word), 94 _n_

Bill-hooks of copper, 67

Birds (their methods of attack and defence), 9

Bird’s-head-shaped missiles, 37

Birth of literature in Greece, 202 _n_

Bisarme or Guisarme, 95

‘Biscayan’ shape (of Swords), 135

Bitumen used to fix flint-chips in wooden weapons, 49

‘Black chalcos,’ 77

Black Pagoda (Madras), wrought iron in, 109

Black sand, 102

Blade of a Sword, 124

Blasrohr (blow-tube), 14 _n_

Blende (sulphuret of zinc), 84;
derivation of the word, 84 _n_

Bloma ferri, 114 _n_

Bloom (of iron), 114 _n_

Bloomary (= bloomery), 114 _n_

Bloomeries (ancient furnaces), 114 _n_

Blow-pipe, 14;
of copper, 67

Blue basalt, 100

Blue-stone (sulphate of copper, blue copperas), 60

Boars’-hoofs used as armour, 29 _n_

Boar, wild (its method of attack), 12

Boians (Etruria), 196

Bolas (slings), 19

Bombola (birthplace of Martial), 266 _n_

‘Bone Age,’ 23

‘Bone-and-stone-using people,’ 23

Bone as a base to carry trenchant substances, 27

Bone-club of Nootka Sound Indians, 25

Bone-handles for Swords and daggers, 27

Bone-knives, 26;
-daggers, 26, 27

Bone-points to weapons, 23

Boomerang, 19;
derivation of the word, 33 _n_;
Indian specimens, 35;
its movement explained, 35 _sq._

Boomerang-sword, 39;
in Ancient Egypt, 155

Boot (derivation of the word), 175

Borax used for soldering, 85 _n_

Boundaries demarked by the axe, 91

Bouterolles of a Sword, 124 _n_

Bowie-knife bayonet, 134 _n_

Bow (derivation of the word), 19 _n_

— of a Sword, 125

— of Vishnu, the, 213

— the, in Ancient Gaul and Germany, 274 _n_

— and arrow among the Ancient Hindús, 215

Bows and arrows used by the Ancient Romans, 245

Bows, ancient Egyptian, 154

Boxing, 7

‘Boycotting’ St. Paul, 185

Bracchæ (breeches), 269 _n_

Bracelet of copper, 73 _n_

‘Brave Master Shoe-tye, the great traveller’ 3 _n_

Brande or Bronde (Sword), 123

Braquemart, 123

Brass early in Christian era, 84;
derivation of the word, 85

‘Brass’ guns, 56

‘Brass’ in the A. V. of the Bible, 56

Breast-belt, gladiatorial, 253

Breastplates of copper, 68

Breeches (etymology of the word), 269 _n_

Breitsachs (Ancient German weapon), 272

Brennus, 267

Bridal presents of Ancient Germans, 273

Bridle of gold, 212

Brise-épées, 138

Britain (‘Ynis Prydhain’ Island), 77 _n_

British Sword in the Tower, 263

Broad-axe (American squatters’), 128

Broadsword, various forms of, 96, 123

Bronze, 22 _n_, 74 _sqq._

‘Bronze Age,’ 22 _n_, 23 _n_

— Age in Britain, 275

— Age in Switzerland, 275

— Age of Scandinavian Goths, 274

— armlets, Etruscan, 30

— armour, 80

— armour-suit (Roman cavalry), 248

— arms of the Gauls, 267

— arrow-heads, Carthaginian, 181

— casting in, 80

— chisels, 79

— daggers, 78 _n_, 80

— defensive armour (Roman), 254

— derivation of the word, 77

— door-sockets, Assyrian, 202

— hardening of, 53

— hatchets in wooden handles, 154

— in Great Britain, source of, 275

— knives, 80

— lancehead at Mycenæ, 230

— nails, 82

— parazonium, 239

— quadriga, 80

— rapier in Ireland, 279 _n_

— sabres, 80

— socketed sickle (British), 276

— statues (Etruscan), 80

— Swords, 45, 78 _n_, 80;
found in Britain, 276 _sq._;
Gallic, 266;
found at Hallstadt, 262 _sq._;
of Italy, 264;
at Mycenæ, 229 _sq._

— Sword-hilt (Etruscan), 197

— supplied from Phœnicia to Europe, 78 _n_

— tablet, Hittite, 176

— work, Assyrian, 202

Buccinatores (musicians: Roman), 248

‘Buccularius clypeus’ (= buckler), 246 _n_

Buckler (etymology of the word), 246 _n_

— of ox-hide, Roman, 248

Bucklers of osier (for recruits: Roman), 249

Buckles of a Sword, 124 _n_

Buddhism, 213

Budil, King of Assyria, 208

Buffalo, its manner of attack, 9;
arrows made of buffalo-horn, 28

Bull-fights, Spanish, 253

Bull (wild), its manner of attack, 9

Bulwark (portable bridge for sieges), 154

Burbur inscriptions (Babylonia), 199

Burgwälle, 271

Burial as a method of making steel, 265

Burmese Dalwel (Sword), 219

Burying of iron, 107 _n_, 112

Buttons of gold in Troas, 193

Byzantine (?) finds at Mycenæ, 106

Cabiri (Kabeiroi), 74 _sq._

Cadmeian (old Phœnician) characters, 225

_Cadmia fossilis_ (natural calamine), 86

Cadmian stone, 86

Cadmus (_El-Kadim_, or _El-Kadmi_), 60

Cæsar’s treatment of his soldiers, 260

Caillouteurs (flint-knappers), 45 _n_

Calamine (carbonate of zinc), 71, 84;
derivation of the word, 84

Calasiri (Egyptian bowmen), 152

Caledonia (etymology of the word), 275

Calisthenics, Greek, 239

Callua (paddle), 42

Calones (camp-followers: Roman), 249

Caltrops (bamboo splints of Gaboon-land), 14

Camel (the kick of the), 7

Cambyses, 209, 211

Camp-followers (Roman), 249

Campidoctores, 249 _n_

Canaanite (meaning of the word), 175 _n_

Canaanites, 182

Cane bows and arrows, Ancient Indian, 211

Canes used as bellows, 68

Canna (κάννα; whence ‘cannon’), 14 _n_

Cannelure (of a Sword), 132

Cannon (derivation of the word), 14 _n_

— of iron first cast, 117 _n_

Cannons of gold (Baroda), 162 _n_

Canticles of Solomon, the, 147

Capoeira (Brazilian fashion of fighting), 254

Capulus (Sword-pommel: Roman), 257 _n_

‘Carbad scarrda’ (Irish war-car), 277

_Carcharias vulpes_ (fox-shark), 7;
derivation of _Carcharias_, 7 _n_

Carchemish inscription, 177

Carian weapons, 211;
(?) at Mycenæ, 231 _n_

— words, 231 _n_

Carpenter’s tools of copper, 67

Carpentras Inscription, the, 209 _n_

Carpentry in Ancient Egypt, 148

Carpentum (war-chariot), 269

Carpicanna, 14 _n_

Carthaginian mining operations, 107

— names, 181

— Sword-blades, 181

_Caryota urens_ (_Nibong_; sago-wood), 6, 23

Cartouche (_cartuccia_; meaning of the word), 40 _n_

Cast-copper axe, 69

Caspians, 210

_Cassia auriculata_, 111

Cassiterides, 78 _sq._

Cassowary (its method of attack), 12

Casting (of metal) among the Ancient Greeks, 221

Cast-iron slab in Sussex (14th century), 117 _n_

— steel, 114 _n_

Catalan forge, 102 _n_, 111;
furnace, 107

Catamaran (Tasmania), 40

Catapults (of Roman army), 248 _sq._

Cateia (boomerang club), 35, 269

— meaning of the word, 35 _n_

_Catoblepas Gnu_, 9

Cats (domestic, among the Nile-dwellers), 3 _n_

Cavalier and Roundhead, 277 _n_

Cavalry, Hittite, 176

— in Ancient Egypt, 154

— Roman, 246 _n_, 248

Caverns (as dwellings, storehouses, sepulchres), 15 _n_

— French and Belgian, 1 _n_

Cave-temples (Indian), the Sword in, 216

Celestial Empire, the annals of the, 112 _sq._ _n_

Celt, of gold, 212;
expanding, 270;
transition from, to paddle-spear and Sword forms, 41

Celte (in Job), 20 _n_

Celtiberian iron Swords, 107;
weapons, 265

Celtis (or _celtes_ = a chisel), 20 _n_

Celts (the proper orthography), 20 _n_;
celts of copper, 57;
of stone, 154

Census, Hebrew, 185

Centre of percussion, 129

Centurion’s cuirass, 248

Ceramics in Ancient Egypt, 148

Cerbotana, 14 _n_

Ceretolo, sepulchre at, 196

Cestus (knuckle-duster of the classics), 7

Cestus-play, 254

Cetian or Keteian (in Homer), 172

Cetra (Roman shield), 246

Chætodon (archer fish of Japan), 7

Chakarini (war-quoit), 39 _n_

Chakrá (war-quoit), 39

Chalcitic (copper and bronze) Age, 5 _n_

Chalcedony dagger-blade, 46;
splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Chalcolibanon, 85

Chalcos (= Sword, in Homer), 222

Chaldæan gods, 207

Χαλκός (meaning of the word), 58

Χάλκεος οὐδός (‘copper threshold’), 55

Chalybes (iron-workers), 76

‘Chalybian stranger’ (= the Sword), 97

Chalybs (river), 97 _n_

Chalyps (steel), 221

Character of Ancient Gauls, 269 _sq._

Charay (Afghan Sword), 212

Charms (Chinese) of copper, 64

Chape of a Sword, 124;
of a dagger, 124 _n_

Charay (one-edged knife: Afghan), 161 _n_

Charcoal in iron-smelting, 107

Chariot-corps (Ancient Egypt), 154

Chariots of iron, 103

Chairs in Ancient Egypt, 148

Charonion of Antioch, 241 _n_

Chasing (of metals), 81

Chayantanka (tin: Peruvian), 83

Chelidonian sabre (χελιδόνιος ξίφος), 141

Chemosh (Moabite god), 192 _n_

Chereb (Hebrew weapon), 180, 183, 184

Chert arrow-heads, 25

Chert-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Cherubim (etymology of the word), 183

Cherusci (ancient German tribe), 271

Chess (showing Hindú form of attack), 218, 273 _n_

Chess in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Chevaucher,’ meaning of, and Greek equivalents, 242 _n_

Chevaux-de-frise, 14

Chile copper the toughest, 68

Chinese (ancient) arms of metal, 63

— form of Sword-staff, 273

— iron-works, 115

— language, 113

— methods of working iron, 114

— sabre-knife, 139

— steel for Swords and knives, 115

— Sword of copper (afterwards of iron), 64

— words for iron, 112 _sq._

Chisels of chalcos, 63;
of stone and copper, 67

— of iron (Etruscan), 197

Chittim (= Cyprus: Hebrew), 187

Chlorite splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Chonta wood (_Guilielma speciosa_), 42

Chopper-blade (Roman), 257

— knife, Hittite, 176

Choppers, Egyptian, 161

Chopper-shaped blade at Mycenæ, 229

Christianity in the Indian Peninsula, 219 _n_

Chrysaor, 180

Chrysochalcos (‘the king of metals’), 86 _n_

Chrysocolla (derivation of the word), 85 _n_

Cidaris or tiara, Persian, 209

Cimbri, a Keltic people, 273

Cinctorium (Roman general’s Sword), 257

Cingulum (waist-belt: Roman), 258

Cinyras (legendary Tyrio-Cyprian king), 188

Circumcision an African practice, 150

— stone knives used in, 46, 69

City of Priam (Troas), 190

Cladibas (claidab), 266 _n_

Claidab (= Spatha), 196

Classes of Hindú weapons, 214

Claymore, 123, 130

Cleaver of the Habshi people, 170

‘Close-Sword,’ Roman, 258

Clothes-pins in the Troas, 191

Club, 20, 32

— development into the Sword, 39 _sq._

Club-Swords, 32 _n_;
Queensland, 44

Clubs of copper, 67

Cluden (juggler’s Sword), 258

Clypeus (Roman shield), 246 _n_

Cobalt (in Ireland), 65

Cock-fighting in the Canary Islands, 254 _n_

Codicilli (tablets), 225

Coffins of granite, 81

Cohorts (of Roman army), 246 _n_

Coin of copper and zinc, 84

Colchians, 210

Cold-wrought (hammered) copper weapons, 65

Colichemarde blade, 135

‘Collery’ (throwing-stick), 38

Colophonium (resin used for soldering), 85 _n_

Colossal Greek statues, 241 _n_

_Coluber Haja_ (Cobra di Capello; asp), 33 _n_

Combats of various animals, 9

Comb found in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Combinations (earliest) of metals, 74 _sqq._

Comitialis morbus, 260 _n_

Comparison of Man and the lower animals, 5

Confederacy of Etruscan cities, 194

Cong copper mines, 169

Congo Sword, 165

Contus (Roman cavalry spear), 246, 248

Contus (wooden pike), Gallic, 269

_Convolvulus lanifolius_, 111

Coot (its method of attack), 12

Copenhagen scramsahs, 272 _n_

Copper, 22 _n_, 30;
alloys, 53, 57;
the art of hardening it, 53 _sq._;
cutting instruments of, 54 _n_;
copper prior to iron, 55

Copper Age (of weapons), 53;
anterior to bronze, 72

— and brass (alloy), 84

— and gold (alloy), 83

— and tin (alloy), 81

— arms and armour, Ancient Hellenic, 222

— arrow-piles, 65

— bracelet, 72 _n_

— celts, 57, 72

— coinage (Chinese), 64;
of the Hindus, 70

— hatchets, 65;
rakes and hammers, _ib._;
vases, 68

— in Europe, 64;
in America, 65 _sqq._

— knives, Trojan, 191

— mines, Chile, 68;
Midian, 102;
of South-Eastern Africa, 170 _n_

— nails (Greenland, &c.), 65

— placed in a corpse’s mouth, 68

— sheets for flooring (ancient), 55

— statuettes (coated with precious metals), 67

— Swords, 70;
in Troas, 192

— tools in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69

— trumpets, 221

Copper-trade of Cyprus, 188

‘Cops’ (of metal), 111

Coptic language, 146

Coquimbite (Pampua or white copperas), 68

Core-casting (of metal), 221

Cornicines, 248

Cornu (musical instrument: Roman), 248

Cornwall, mineral fields of, 275

Coronarium (copper coated with ox-gall), 87

Corrugated iron blades, 119 _n_

Corrugated Sword of Africa, 171

Corsican forge, 102 _n_

Corundum in Midian, 171 _n_

Corybantes, 74 _sq._

Cosmogony, Hebrew, 148 _sq._

Cotton dresses, Ancient Indian, 211

_Cottus diceraus_, 10

Counterfeit pearls in Ancient Egypt, 148

Counterguard of a Sword, 125, 138

Coupe-choux Sword, 134, 164

Coustilliers, 185

Coustrils or Custrils, 185

Couteau-de-chasse, 210

Covinus (war-chariot), 269

Cow (its method of defence), 7

Crane, white (American bird), 9

Crannog (its derivation), 27

Crease (= Krís, Malay weapon), 137, 166

Creation, Hebrew idea of, 148 _sq._

Cremation in the Early Bronze Age, 96

— (of bodies) at Mycenæ, 234

Crepitaculum (sacred rattle), 151

Crests (in heraldry), 40 _n_

Cretans (ἀεὶ ψεῦσται), 97 _n_

Crickets (_cicadæ_) as ornaments at Mycenæ, 233

Crimea, Scythian graves in the, 227

Cross of the Coptic Christians, 192 _n_

Crossbow, 19 _n_, 165

— rat-trap, 37 _n_

Cross guard of a Sword, 125

Crucibles (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82

— four-footed, in the Troas, 191

Crucifixion (Assyrian punishment), 203

Cruelties of the Assyrians, 203

Cruithing (= Picts; origin of the name), 279 _n_

Crusade, the First, 218

Crutch and dagger (combined) of antelope horn, 12

Crux ansata (Egyptian Cross), 192 _n_

Crystal chips on spears, 51

— lens (Nineveh), 202

Crystal-cutting in Cyprus, 188

Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife), 39

Cuirass, Roman centurion’s, 248

Cultellarii, 185

Culture in Troy, 193

Cuneiform inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 _n_

— syllabarium, 200 _n_

— symbol for iron, 104

Cuneus (tactical formation), 273 _n_

Cupel (crucible; derivation of the word), 111 _n_

Cupriferous sandstones, 67

Cup-sling, 19

Curetes, 74 _sq._

Curium treasure, the, 189

Currus falcatus (scythe war-car: Ancient Britain), 276

Curtle-axe (= cutlass), 140

Curved broadsword, 96

— type of Sword, 127 _sq._

‘Curved thrust,’ 133 _sq._

Cushito-Asiatic (Ethiopian) tribes, 188

Cuspis (point of a Sword: Roman), 255 _n_

Customs of the Ancient Germans, 273

Cut-and-thrust weapons, 123

Cutlass, 123, 140, 211

Cutting edge of a Sword, 129

— or trenchant weapons (origin of), 12

Cyanus (steel), 221;
Dr. Schliemann’s translation of, 222 _n_;
of Pliny (lapis lazuli), _ib._

Cybele (Dea Multimamma), 192 _n_

Cyclopes, 75 _sq._

‘Cyclopean Wall’ (in the Argolid), 76

Cylinder of gold at Mycenæ, 229

Cymbals at the feast of Rhea (in Varro), 58

Cymbals of tin and copper, 81 _n_

Cynocephali, 2

Cyprian dagger, 173

— Venus (worship of), 188 _n_

Cypriote (Ancient) characters, 225

— art, 187

— contingent of Xerxes’ army, 188

— manufacture of arms and armour, 188

— names of places, 188

— syllabary, 188 _sq._

Cyprus, its epithet _ærosa_, 58;
derivation of the name, 59;
account of, 186 _sq._

Cyrus, 209

Dacians on Trajan’s column, 262

Dacian Sword, 262

Dagger (derivation of the word), 215 _n_

Dagger-formed knives, 169 _n_

Dagger-forms from Persepolis, 211

Dagger-Swords, 166;
Assyrian, 204

Daggers, Assyrian, 205

— of bone, 26

— of bronze, 78 _n_

— of copper, 79

— of iron (Egyptian), 100

— used by the Persians, 210

— with rapier-blade (Theban), 195 _n_

Dagon (etymology of the word), 181

Dah (= Dáo: Burmah), 140

Dahome, Swords of the King of, 167

Dalwel (Burmese Sword), 219

Damascened steel, Cypriote, 188

Damask-work (on weapons), 83, 110 _n_, 112, 151 _n_

‘Damascus blade,’ 132, 142

Damascus (Persian) scymitar, 265

Damnameneus, 75

Danish Scramasax, 263

— Swords, 236

‘Danisko’ (African weapon), 163, 237

Dankali Sword, 165

Dáo (weapon of the Nága tribe, Assam), 140

Darius the Mede, 209

Dark Continent, chief weapons of the, 162

Darts and stones (ancient Lybian weapons), 16

David’s sling, 19;
his copper helmet, 70

Deadbook, the, 147

Dearg Umha (red copper; Keltic), 65

Decalogue derived from the Dead-book, 150

Decimal and duodecimal systems in Assyria, 202 _n_

Deer-horn arrow-heads, 24

Defensive armour of bronze, Roman, 254

Defensive weapons (of Animals and Savages), 6

— of the Cimbri, 274

Degan (dagger: Cimbrian), 274

Degen (kind of dagger: German), 215 _n_

Degeneration of Roman soldiers, 261

Deinotherium, 4

Deities standing on animals, 176

Denderah Zodiac, 155 _n_

Densare (meaning of the term), 107

Description of bronze Swords of Ancient Britons, 277 _sq._

— of the Ancient Britons, 275, 277

Devanagari alphabet, 189

Development of Man, 5 _sq._

— of the celt, 88 _n_

Devil, the, 181

Dha or Dhow (Indian knife), 219

Dhanu (personification of the bow: Hindú), 214

Dhanurvidya (Bow-Science: Indian), 213

Dies Alliensis, 267

Dimacheri (gladiators), 252

_Diodon_, 44

Diorite axe bored by means of a bow, 191 _n_

Diorite (? basalt) implements at Mycenæ, 53 _n_

— in Ancient Egypt, 171 _n_

Dioscuri, 75

‘Distaff-side’ relationship, 188 _n_

Divination in Assyria, 202

‘Doctored’ bullets, 26 _n_

Dolche (daggers), 30, 273

Dolls in Ancient Egypt, 148

Dolphins in the Nile, 9

Door-hinges in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Door-sockets of bronze, Assyrian, 202

Double balteus (Roman), 258 _n_

Double-edged Sword blades (Wahumla tribe), 169

Double-headed eagle (at Eyub), 176

Double-sided comb in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Dowris bronze, 87

— copper, 53

‘Dowris metal,’ 181, 276

Dragon’s blood, 87 _n_

Dress-pins (women’s) of copper, 67

Draughts (game of) in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Drawing-cut,’ 131

Duel of Manlius Torquatus and the Gaul, 267

— origin of, 267 _n_

Duelling weapons, 135

Dumb-bells, 250

‘Dunner-Saxen’ (Lower Saxony), 272 _n_

Düsack (weapon), 123

Eagle, imperial, 246 _n_

Early Iron Age in Britain, 276

— — — of weapons, 97

Ears of a Sword, 124

Eastern heraldry, 140

Edge of a Sword, 124

EGYPT (Ancient), geography of, 145

— architecture in, 148

— art and science in, 147 _sq._

— heraldry in, 147 _sq._

— its military system, 152 _sqq._

— its monotheism, 149

— law code of, 147

— music, painting, and sculpture in, 148

— the cradle land of language, 146

— the fountain head of knowledge, 147

Egyptian arch, 201

— choppers, 161

— cutlasses, 211

— daggers, 157

— flag (five-rayed star on), 147 _n_

— gilding (on bronze), 81

— metallurgy, 80

— names for the Sword, 123, 155 _sq._

— phalanx, 155

— Sphinx, 190 _n_

— Swords, 157;
in Cyprus, 189

— word-roots, 146 _n_

Egyptians (Ancient), their origin, 143 _sq._

El-darakah (Arabic shield), 12 _n_

Electricity, the marvellous displays of in Central Africa, 119

Electrum (derivation of the word), 86 _n_

Elephants armed with Swords, 216

— Indian and African, 3 _n_

Elephant-Sword, 216

Elephant-trunk ornaments, 67 _n_

Elephant (use of a weapon by), 3;
its stroke or blow, 7

El-Khauf maksum, 6

El-Khizr (the Green Prophet), 179

Emblems of the Egyptian nomes, 147

Emu, 4

Enamel, Assyrian, 202

Enfield Sword-bayonet, 134 _n_

‘Englishmen of Antiquity,’ 275

English gladiatorism, 253

Engraving on copper plates, 55 _n_

Ensigns in Ancient Roman army, 246 _n_

Ensis, 247;
etymology of the word, 254

Entering angle, 132

Enthytonon, 19

Epitaph of Eshmunazar, 179

‘Epos of Peutaur,’ 101, 147

Erin (etymology of the name), 192 _n_

Ἐριόκομοι, 144 _n_

‘Erythræans,’ the original, 182 _n_

Escrime (fencing: derivation of the word), 272 _n_

Essedum (war chariot), 269, 277 _n_

Eshmunazar (King of the Sidonians), 179

Eskimos, 3

Espadon, 123, 161

‘Esquimaux’ (origin of the word), 3 _n_

Estain (= stannum: Gall.), 65

Esther (= Amestris), 210 _n_

Ἑστία, 1 _n_

Ethiopian stone-tipped arrows, 154 _n_

Etruscan and Latin affinities with Lydian, 194

— armilla of bronze, 196

‘Etruscan Bologna,’ 196

Etruscan commerce, 197

— inscriptions, 197

— iron lance-point, 196

— œnochoe, 196

— razors, 202 _n_

Etruscans (account of the people), 195

Eucalyptus-wood sabres, 44

Eunuchs, 206, 207 _n_

Exchange of war-prisoners, Roman, 241

Executioner, Assyrian, 207

Executioner’s Sword, 139

Exodus of tribes from Ancient Germany, 270

Expanding celt, 270

Experiments in alloys, 83

Fabri (Sappers: Roman army), 249

Face-guard of iron, 258

Facon or Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife, as a missile), 18

Falchion of Ashanti, &c., 139;
of Ancient Egypt, 155 _sq._

— of Cilicia, 182

— of gold, 212

Falchion-shaped weapons, 32

Falconry in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Falling on the Sword,’ 184 _sq._

Falx (origin of the falchion), 253 _n_

Famagosta (etymology of the name), 190

Famous Swordsmen of old, 240 _n_

Fancy Swords, Roman, 258;
weapons, 204

‘Fans’ (= Mpangwe negros, Gaboon River), 37 _n_

Feathers as military decorations, 247 _n_

Fecial College, the, 244 _sq._

Felidæ (their strokes or blows), 7

Fencing-foil, 123

Fencing-schools, Roman, 249, 251

Fenni (Finns), 274

Ferentarii (Roman soldiers), 245

Ferro-manganese, 108

Ferrum (= Sword; Roman), 254

— candidum, 108

— indicum, 107, 109, 110

— sericum, 109

Fenekh (= Phœnicians), 178

Fibrolite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Fibulæ of copper, 72

Field-marshal’s bâton, 33

Figg (English prize-fighter), 253

Fighting-cocks in Ancient Greece, 254 _n_

Fil (of a Sword), 137

Fil et pointe (cut-and-thrust weapons), 123

Finds in Cimbrian barrows, 274

— in old tumuli, 271

— of Cyprian weapons, 188 _sqq._

— of Dr. Schliemann in the Troas, 190 _sq._

Fingal’s war-cars (Ossian), 277 _n_

Fir-bolgs (bag-men, Belgæ?), 64

Fir-cone, the, as an architectural ornament, 201

Fire, 1, 2 _n_, 20

Firearms among the Ancient Hindus (?), 214 _n_

‘First Highlander,’ the, 217

Fist-sword (stiletto), 215

First lesson in iron, 99

Fishes (their means of attack or defence), 9 _sq._

Five-rayed star (on Egyptian flag), 147 _n_

Flagellum (gladiatorial scourge), 253

Flail, 20

Flails used as weapons, 95

Flamberg, Flammberg, Flamberge, 123, 136

‘Flaming Sword’ (of the Cherubim: Eden), 183

‘Fleam-money’ (among the Fans), 118

Flint-ateliers (ancient), 102

Flint-flakes, 13;
knives, 20;
‘Swords,’ 45

Flint-knappers (_caillouteurs_), 45

Flint poniards, 46;
hatchet-sabre, _ib._

Flissa (weapon: North Africa), 123, 163, 237, 265

‘Flood,’ the, 149

Fluxing (method of treating ores), 65

Foil with French guard, 133

Foining weapon, 123

‘Fonderia di Bologna,’ 196 _n_

‘Forethought,’ 1

Forges, 102

Forked blade, 141

Forked Sword (Assyria), 141

Fortifications, Assyrian, 203

Fox-shark (Thresher; _Carcharias vulpes_), 7

Framea (derivation of the word), 270 _n_

Framée, the oldest, 270

Francisque or taper axe, 94

Frankish Italians, 270 _n_

— spear-blade, 171

Franks (meaning of the name), 271

French fencing-foil, 124

Fronstetten scramsahs, 272 _n_

Fuel used in iron-smelting, 121

Funda (sling of the Etruscans), 245

Funeral urns of copper, 69

Fur-coats, Gallic, 269

Furnace-calamine (impure oxide of zinc), 86

Furnaces (Indian) for iron-smelting, 111 _n_

Fuscina (gladiatorial weapon), 253

Fusil Gras, 134

Fussängel, 1

Fustanella (kilt), 247 _n_

‘Fustibale’ (fustibulus), 19

Future state, Egyptian ideas of a, 150

Fylfot (crutched cross: North of Europe), 202 _n_

Gabbro-Splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Gæsum (Roman weapon), 246 _n_, 268

Gæsatæ (= hastati), 268 _n_

Galatæ (= Roman term _Galli_), 238 _n_

Γαλάται (etymology of the word), 266 _n_

Galla Sword, 163

Gallia Comata, 269;
Bracchata, _ib._;
Togata, 270

Gallic daggers, 267

— Italians, 270 _n_

— javelins, 268

— machairæ-blades, 266

— manner of battle, 269

‘Gallic Sword,’ 254, 266

Gallic women in battle, 269

Gallo-Greek (= Galatians, Keltic Gauls), 238 _n_

— Swords, 238

Ga-ne-u-ga-o-dus-ha (Iroquois deer-horn war-club), 28

Gardening in Ancient Egypt, 148

Gasterosteus (‘stickleback’), 10

Gastrapheta, 19

Gath (its site), 186

Gaulish element in Etruria (?), 196 _sq._

Gaza (site of), 186

Gem-engraving, Assyrian, 202

— in Cyprus, 188

General ‘No Importa’ (Spanish), 261

Generals, first duty of, 260 _n_

Genii of Death (Egyptian), 149

Geography of Ancient Egypt, 145

Geometry in Ancient Egypt, 148

— in Assyria, 202 _n_

Georgic (age of primitive Archæology), 5 _n_

German Empire, 270

— main-gauche, 136

— silver (_packfong_; of China), 64 _n_

Germani (Alemanni), weapons of the, 270

Germania, Ancient (its land and people), 270

Germanism, 270

Gessum (meaning of the word), 268 _n_

Getæ (Scandinavian Goths), 274

Gharapuri (cave-town; Bay of Bombay), 217

Gilding bronze, 81

Giraffe (its kick), 7

Girding on the Sword, 185

‘Giving point,’ 127

Gizzin (Assyrian weapon), 204 _n_

Glacial Drift Age, 5 _n_

Gladius, 247;
etymology of the word, 254

— Hispanus, 256, 268

Gladiatorial shows, 249, 251 _sq._

Gladiatorism, 249 _sq._

Glaive (origin of the weapon), 89 _n_, 123;
leaf-shaped, 165

Glaives edged with sharks’ teeth, 49

Glass (derivation of the word), 48 _n_;
used on spears, 48;
the fable of its discovery by the Sidonians, 54

Glass-cutting in Cyprus, 188

Glass-making in Ancient Egypt, 148

Gleditschia, 6

Globe-fish, spines of, 24

Glove, Hittite, 176

Gnu (its method of defence), 9

Goat standing on the top of a pin (figure at Mycenæ), 233

Goat’s horns as volutes, 201

Goddesses with mural crowns, 176

God kings (= ‘Dynasty of the Gods’: Egypt), 145

‘God save the King,’ of Egyptian origin, 149 _n_

Goidels (Gauls), 275

Gold and silver ornaments in Cyprus, 188

Gold Coast Swords, 167

— coined by the Lydians, 194

— dust at Mycenæ, 229

— Egyptian words for, 151

— esteemed (by the ancients) less valuable than copper, 56

— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69

‘Golden axe’ of Ashanti, 167 _n_

Golden bridle, 212

— calf, the, 183

— cannons (Baroda), 162

— celt, 212

— falchion, 212

— hatchet, 89

— plated wooden Sword-handle (Mycenæ), 228

— scymitar, 212

— shoulder-belts (Mycenæ), 228, 231

— Sword-belt, 212

— tiara, 212

Goldsmith’s work at Mycenæ, 233

Goliath of Gath (his armour of copper), 70

Golîyo (weapon: Baghirmi), 163, 237

Gonfanon (its etymology), 246 _n_

Gorillas, 2

Goths, Scandinavian, 274

‘Græcia mendax,’ 226

Græco-Italic race, the, 186, 270 _n_

Granite coffins, 81

Γράφειν (its original meaning), 225

Graver (pick?) in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61

Graving-points, 171 _n_

‘Great Armenia,’ 209 _n_

Great Pyramid, the, 147

Greaves, 247;
of copper, 70

Grecian Sphinx, 190 _n_

Greek accents, 220 _n_

— bronzes (analysis of), 82

— cavalry Swords, 248

— combatants, 240

— epigraphs at Mycenæ, 225

— fashion of carrying the Sword, 239, 248

— infantry Sword, 237

— metallurgy came from Egypt, 105

— statues, colossal, 241 _n_

— tactics, 241

— warfare, 241

Greeks, the, as soldiers, 242

‘Green copper’ (= bronze: Chinese), 64

Greenstone- (diorite-) splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Greenwood fuel used in iron-smelting, 112

Grey copper ore (in Ireland), 65

Grip of a Sword, 124

Γροσφὸς (= throw-stick), 34

Guanaco, 7

Guanches (Wánshi; origin of the word), 16 _n_

Guard plates (Sword), in Gaul, 257 _n_

Guards of a Sword, 124

_Guilielma speciosa_ (chonta-wood), 42

Guilloche-scroll (architectural ornament), 202

Guillons, 51

Guisarme (Gisarme or Bisarme), 95

Guitar (etymology of the word), 187 _n_

Gules (in heraldry; derivation), 140 _n_

Gunnar’s bill, 95

Gunpowder age (of weapons), 20 _n_;
use of gunpowder, 31 _n_

Gymnasia, Hellenic, 239

Gymnastics of the Spartans, 240

Gyno-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 _n_

Hâches votives, 89

Hades (derivation of the word), 221

Hæmatite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Haft-Júsh (‘seven boilings’ of metal: Persian), 221

Hair-dyes in Ancient Egypt, 148

Hairpins of bronze, 30

Hair-shears (Roman) of _æs_, 56

Halberts of copper, 67

Hall-bard (Icelandic weapon), 91

Hallstadt, finds of ancient weapons at, 262

Halteres (dumb-bells: Roman), 250

Hamasti (Sword-blade: Assyrian), 204 _n_

Hamata (Roman armour), 248 _n_

Hamathite Inscriptions, the, 177

Hamatum (barb-head spear), 181

Hammered iron-work in Mesopotamia, 104

Hammers of copper, 67

Hammer-wrought plating, 81

_Hamus ferreus_, 14 _n_

Hand-celts, 20

Hand-hatchet, 88

Hand-stones, 2;
among the Hottentots, 17;
among modern Syrians and Arab Bedawin, _ib._

Hand-thrusting instruments, 133

Hanger, 123

Hankow-steel, 115

Harbah (a dart: Arabic), 184

Harness (derivation of the word),] 97

Harpé (Ἅρπη: etymology of the word), 180

— of Cronos (Perseus’ weapon), 180

Harpoon-heads of reindeer-horn, 29 _n_

Hastarii (Roman soldiers), 246

Hastati (Roman soldiers), 246

Hastile (Roman javelin: Virgil), 246 _n_

Hatchet-boomerang, 38;
-sabre, 46

Hatchet of gold, 89

Hatchets of iron in the ‘Odyssey,’ 225

‘Hathi’ (‘the handed’: Hindoo epithet for the elephant), 3

Hauberks, Assyrian, 203

Hauranic stone doors, 264 _n_

Hawk-beaded Horus, 181

Haye (military term), 245

Heads of fallen foes kept as trophies (Gallic custom), 269

Headsman’s weapon, 139

Hebrew arms and armour, 183

— Iron Age, 103

— lepers in Ancient Egypt, 174 _n_

— metallurgy, 183

— tenets borrowed from Egypt, 148 _sq._

Heft of a Sword, 124

Hegesias or Stasinus: his ‘Kypria,’ 221 _n_

Held (champion: German), 271

Heliolatry of the Andes, 67 _n_

Hellenes, their character, manners and customs, 239 _sq._

Hellenic gymnasia and palæstræ, 239

— reading of the Bards, 220 _n_

Helmet of iron, in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Helmets, Roman, 246

Henna-shrub (of Cyprus; _Lawsonia inermis_), 49

Hephæstus (derivation of the word), 62 _n_

Heraldry, Eastern, 140 _n_

— in Ancient Egypt, 147

Hercules, 75

Hercules’ shield and Sword, 222

Hereba (Phœnician weapon: = Harpé), 180

Hermotybians (Egyptian soldiers), 152

Hern (its method of defence), 9

Herodotus (character of his work), 225 _sq._

— on the age of Homer and Hesiod, 220

Heroes of Greece, the age of the, 220

‘Hero’s arm,’ the (Virgil), 254

Herse (military term), 245

Hesiod, age of, 220

Hide-scabbard, 160

Hierarchy, Jewish (whence borrowed), 150

Hieroglyphic signs for iron, 99

Hilt of a Sword, 124

Hilts of Ancient German Swords, 272

Hilt-guards of a Sword, 124

Hilt-plate of a Sword, 124

Hindiah or Hindiyáneh (= ferrum indicum), 107

Hindú alphabet, 219 _n_

— copper coinage, 70

— metaphysics, 214

— mythology, 219 _n_

— names for steel, 110 _n_

— sabre, 215

— trial of Sword-metal, 110 _n_

— warriors, 215

Hippopotamus, its method of attack, 9;
home of the, 205 _n_

Hiram of Tyre, 182

Hisárlik, the finds at, 106, 190 _sqq._, 227

History of Ancient Egypt, 144 _sq._

Hithism, 176

Hittites, 172 _sqq._

Hittite boots, 176

— bronze tablet, 176

— hieroglyphs, 176 _sq._

— language, 177 _n_

— phalanx, 175

— representation of the human figure, 176

— seals, 176

— syllabary, 176

Hoang-ta-tie (the Chinese ‘literary blacksmith’), 115

Holosphyraton (hammer-work), 221

‘Holy City’ of Miletus, 242 _n_

‘Holy-water sprinkler,’ 20

Homa (Assyrian ‘Tree of Life’), 202

Homer, age of, 220

Homeric names for the Sword, 222

Homo Darwiniensis, 5

— sapiens, 5

Honeysuckle as an architectural ornament, 202

Hoofs of animals used as armour, 29 _n_

Hooked-edge (of a Sword), 138

Hoplites (heavy-armed Greek soldier), 240

Hoplology, 1;
orders of, 6

Hoplomachi (gladiators), 252

Hoplotherium, 4

Hor-Apollo (= Harpocrates), 191 _n_

Hormuzd and Ahriman, 180

Horn-helmet, 29 _n_

Horn war-clubs, 24;
other instruments, 27;
horn-arm in Homer, 27;
various implements, 29

Horse, its method of defence, 7;
known to the Ancient Egyptians, 152 _n_

Horse-hoofs used as armour, 29 _n_

Horus (Egyptian god), 178

Hottentots, 3 _n_;
origin of the word, 17

House-furniture in Ancient Egypt, 148

Human-headed bull, Assyrian, 203 _n_

Human sacrifices in Ancient Egypt, 156 _n_

‘Hunga munga’ (weapon: Lake Chad), 37

Hünnenringe, 271

Hunting among the Ancient Germans, 273

— Assyrian, 203

Hunting-dresses in Ancient Egypt, 148

Hurud (iron; Chaldæan), 104

Hydraulic pressure (an ancient form of), 54

— — for hardening bronze, 81

Hydraulics in Ancient Egypt, 148

Hyksos (Shepherd-kings), 103, 173, 186 _n_

Iapetus, legend of, 1

Iberian Alfânge (El-Khanjar), 29

— blade (Spatha), 256

Iberic blade in Rome, 197

Icelandic Hall-bard, 91

Ida (derivation of), 106 _n_

Idæi Dactyli, 74 _sq._, 106

‘Iliad,’ metal-working tools in the, 221

Ili (hand-sword: Hindú), 215

Imbricated armour, Assyrian, 203

Imitation and Progress, 5

Impedimenta (baggage: Roman army), 249

Indian architecture, 219 _n_

— gold coinage (?), 214 _n_

— legendary myths, 213

— sabres, 137

— steel, 109, 218 _sq._

— weapons, 185

‘Indo-European’ (applied to a language), 193 _n_

‘Ineffable Name,’ the (its origin), 149

Infantry ‘regulation’ sword, 129

Inflated skins (as floats for soldiers: Assyrian), 203

Ingots of tin (Mexican), 82

Inlaid iron saucer, 106 _n_

‘Inner Sea,’ 179

Innuit, 3 _n_

Inscription (Assyrian) on a Sword at Nardin, 207

Inscriptions (rock) traced with flint flakes, 49 _n_

‘Inside-edge’ weapons, 235, 237

Intaglio’d gold at Mycenæ, 229 _sqq._

Invasion of England by Anglo-Saxons, 275

Iphicrates’ improvement of Greek arms and armour, 237

Iranian (language), 146 _n_

Irish copper swords, 57

Irish race (their origin), 65 _n_

‘Iron Age,’ 22 _n_, 23 _n_

Iron among the Aryans, 108

Iron among the Romans, 107

‘Iron-built’ cities of the Ancient Hindús, 219 _n_

Iron cannon first cast, 117 _n_

— chain-armour, Assyrian, 203

— chisels (Etruscan), 197

— dirk worshipped by the Scythians, 226

— face-guard, 258

Iron-flakes, surface (Cape of Good Hope), 119

Iron glance (specular iron, oligiste), 107

— hasps and nails, 100

— in Africa, 117

— in Assyria, 105

— in China, 112 _sq._

— in Egypt, 100

— in German myths, 271

— in Homer, 108

— in India, 108 _sq._

— in Madagascar, 116

— in the Pentateuch, 103

— in Tacitus, 225

— introduction of in Greece, 69, 97;
derivation of the word, 97 _n_

— keys at Mycenæ, 106

— knives, 100, 106

— known to Homer and Hesiod, 221

— on the American continent, 116

— rare in ancient Germany, 271

— sheaths for Swords, 222

— sickle, 100

— sling-bullet, 191

Iron-smelting on the Libanus, 103

Ironstone in ancient Bashan, 103

— weapons, 52

Iron Swords, Etruscan, 195

— — of Italian tribes, 265

— treated of by Aristotle, 106

Iron-wood, 40

Iron-working Age of India, 109

— in Japan, 115 _sq._

Italian foil, 124

— poison daggers, 51

Italy (modern), its two races, 270 _n_

Iverapema (‘Iwarapema’), 42

Ivernii (Irish non-Celts: Ptolemy), 279

Ivory-carving, Assyrian, 202

Jacaná (_Parra_; American bird), 9

Jaculum (Roman javelin), 246 _n_

Jade Pattu-Pattus, 25, 47;
derivation of ‘jade,’ 47 _n_

Jadite (and jade) splinters for wooden swords, 47

Janghiz Khan, 227

Japanese blade, 139

— copper, 64

— ingots, 64

— iron, 116

— liquation of argentiferous copper, 83

— stone-chopper, 52

Jauhar (‘jewel’ or ribboning of a ‘Damascus’ blade), 112

Javanese blade, 215

— sculptures, 218

Javelineers, Roman, 248

Javelins, 20, 66, 90;
Ancient Roman, 246 _n_

— for recruits, Roman, 249

Javelin of the Samnites, 266 _n_

Jáyá (mother of all weapons: Hindú), 214

Jeanne d’Arc’s Sword, 184 _n_

Jehovah (Yahveh), its etymology and mystic meaning, 149 _n_

Jewish coinage of copper, 70

‘Jewish face,’ the, 150 _n_

Jewish manner of wearing the Sword, 184

Jízeh Pyramid, 100

Joseph’s position in Egypt, 103

Judgment after death, Egyptian ideas of, 150

Julian the Apostate (his armour), 258

Julius Cæsar as a general, 260

Jumbiyah (crooked dagger of the Arabs), 29

Jumbul-wood, 112

Jutland, celts, &c., of, 274 _n_

Kabeiroi (Cabiri), 74 _sq._

Kabyle Flissa, 265

Kachhá (pig-iron), 111

Kadesh, site of, 174 _n_

Kakhi (brass), 87

Kakku (Assyrian weapon), 204 _n_

Káma-Shastra (_Ars amoris_: Hindú), 215

Kanaruc, Temple of, 109

Kangaroo (its method of defence), 12

Κάννα (Lat. _canna_; whence ‘cannon’), 14 _n_

Kan-top, Indian, 204

Kasabet (brass), 87

Kasios (Zeus), 1 _n_

Kaskara (Swords: Baghirmi), 162

‘Kassiteros,’ in Homer, 227

Katuriyeh (? = Cateia: Gujarát), 38

‘Kawas’ (hand-stone), 18

Keil (wedge: cuneus) form of attack, 273

Kelan (Hittite slingers), 175

Kelmis, 75

Κέλται (etymology of the word), 266 _n_

Keltic aborigines of the British Isles, 275

— (?) finds at Mycenæ, 106

— Gauls, weapons of, 266

— miners’ tools, 107 _n_

Κελτικὸν θράσος, 266 _n_

Kelto-Scandinavian swords (miscalled Anglo-Saxon), 139

Kemi (meaning of the word), 145 _n_

Kemite copper mines (in Midian), 102

Keteian or Cetian (in Homer), 172

Ketos (_Canis Carcharias_), 180

Kettles of copper, 69

Key-pattern (architectural ornament), 202

Keys of iron at Mycenæ, 106

Khadga (Hindú Sword), 214 _sqq._

Khanjar, 266

Khanjar-dagger, 212

Khanjar (Georgian weapon), 159

— of Persia and India, 29

Khesbet (metal connected with tin), 87

Kheten (war-axes; Egyptian), 154, 158

Khita (Hittites), 200

— people, description of, 175;
their armour, weapons, &c., _ib._

Khita-land, the Sword in, 172 _sq._

Khoi-Khoi, 3 _n_, 17

Khnemu (gnomes), 75

Khopsh (kopis; Egyptian Sword), 156, 266

Khorasáni blades, 114 _n_

Kilt, ancient, 247 _n_

King Blay of Attábo, Sword made by, 142 _n_, 168

King-crab (_Limulus_), 24

King Koffee’s umbrella, 167 _n_

Kinnúr (Hebrew lyre), 187 _n_

Kinyá (arm-knife: Baghirmi), 162

Kirab-sar (Hittite writer of books), 173

Kiry (Kerry: Kafir weapon), 28

Kitár (Hindú weapon), 140

Kleydv (Welsh Sword), 279

Klingenthal Sword-manufactory, 132

Κνήστεις (Athenian weapons), 237

Knief (ancient German weapon), 272

Knife-Sword (Ancient Egyptian), 155

Knife, the (preceded the saw), 13;
as a missile, 18

Knights of Malta: their Swords, 162

Knives edged with sharks’ teeth, 49

— of iron at Mycenæ, 106

Knobkerries, 32 _n_

Knob-stick (development into the Sword), 44

Knuckle-duster (cestus of the classics), 7

Kobongs (Australian tribal ‘crests’), 40 _n_

Κοπίς, not mentioned in Homer, 224;
= Egyptian ‘Khopsh,’ 235;
the weapon of the Giants, and of the Amazons, 235 _sq._;
peculiarity of the weapon, 236

Kopis of the Gauls, 266 _n_

— Spanish, 265

Korah (Nepaul weapon), 265

Koran-reading, 220 _n_

Kordofan, rude kind of bellows in, 120

Krís (= crease: Malay weapon), 137, 166, 212

Kukkri blade of Ghurkas, 236

Kukkri or Gurkha Sword-knife, 39, 217 _n_, 265

Kulbeda (weapon of the Nyam-Nyams), 37

Κύων, 1 _n_

Κύπρος (meaning of the word), 58

‘Kurs’ (bloom: of metal), 112

Kurush (= Κῦρος, Cyrus), 209 _n_

‘Kypria’ of Stasinus, the, 221 _n_

Labarum (Roman standard), 246 _n_

Λάβρα (= πέλεκυς: Lydian), 89

Labrandian Jove, 89

‘La boxe Française,’ 254

Lacquer or varnish (on metals), 84

Lance, Assyrian, 202

Lances of sago-wood, 23

Lancehead of bronze at Mycenæ, 230

— of fish-bone, 23

— of pure copper, 57

Language, articulate (three periods of), 74 _n_

Lanista (Roman _maître d’armes_), 249

Lapis lazuli (= cyanus in Pliny), 222 _n_

Laqueatores (Roman gladiators), 210 _n_

Larissa (lance, Middle Ages), 182

Larnaca (etymology of the name), 187

Lasso, the, in Ancient Egypt, 210 _n_

— of the Roman gladiators, 210 _n_

— South American, 210 _n_

Lassos of plaited thongs (Persian), 210

Lát (iron pillar of Delhi), 109

‘Latchen’-blade, 135

Lateral blades (of a Sword) moved by a spring, 136

Laterite, 118

Latin blood in English race, 277

Latrunculi (Roman game), 218

Latten (derivation of the word), 85

Laufi or Laf (Sword), 123

Lava-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

_Lawsonia inermis_ (‘kopher,’ henna-shrub), 59

Laws of the Visigoths, weapons in the, 272 _n_

Lead, scoriæ of, 82

— and silver in Spain, 107

Lead-bronze in Ireland, 276

Leaf-shaped dagger and the rapier, connection of, 278

Leather sheath (for Swords), 160

Lebes-chauldron, 192

Legion of the ancient Roman army, 245 _sq._

Leiste (guard-plate: German), 272

Lemovii (Pomerania), 274

Length of Ancient Greek Swords, 238

— of Ancient Indian Sword, 216 _n_

— of Egyptian Swords, 159

— of Roman spear (Tacitus), 271

Leowel (pick), 37

Lepers, Hebrew, in Ancient Egypt, 174 _n_

Leptolithic age, 5 _n_

Libyan (Ancient) weapons, 162

‘Life,’ 261 _n_

Ligaunians (Etruria), 196

Lignarii (Sappers: Roman army), 249

Limulus (king-crab), 24

Linen at Mycenæ, 232

‘Line of direction’ in a Sword, 129

Lingua di bove (Sword shape: Italian), 166, 239

Lion (its stroke or blow), 7

Liquation of argentiferous copper (in Japan), 83

Lisán (‘tongue’-weapon), 32, 154

Λισσότριχοι, 144 _n_

Litholatry, 1 _n_

‘Live iron’ (= loadstone), 102

Livy’s Phalanx, 246 _n_;
Legion, _ib._

Lixæ (camp-followers: Roman), 249

Llama, 7

Loadstone in the Troas, 191

Long-handed Danish Sword, 274

Long-hefted axe (Norman), 90

Longobards, 271

Long-straight Sword, 158

Long-Sword, 161

Lord High Treasurer’s white rod, 33 _n_

— Marshal of England’s gold truncheon, 33 _n_

— Steward of the Household’s white staff, 33 _n_

‘Lords of Asia’ (the Persians), 209

‘Lost Tribes,’ the, 151 _n_

Lotus, the, as an architectural ornament, 201

Lucky and unlucky marks on Eastern horses, 216

Ludus gladiatorius, 249

Lusitania, abundance of metal in, 265 _sq._

Lusitanian weapons, 266

Lycian weapons, 182, 211

— tongue, the, 187 _n_

Lydians, account of the, 194

Lydian stone splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Macaná, 42

Macedonian phalanx, weapons of the, 237

Mace in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61

Machabees (etymology of the word), 185 _n_

Machæra (= Sword, in Homer), 224

Machairæ-blades, Gallic, 266, 268

Μάχαιραι (Angl. Sax. Meche), 161

_Machairodus latidens_ (sabre-toothed tiger), 9

Madagascar iron, 116

Mádu or Máru (horn dagger), 11

Mahquahuith set with obsidian teeth, 67

Magic in Assyria, 202 _n_

— mirror of Perseus, 180

Magnet (loadstone), 102

Mail-coat on the Trajan column, 258

Mail-coats of iron in the Rig Veda, 108

Main-gauche, German, 136

Malachite (derivation of the word), 62 _n_

Malay krís (weapon), 137

Malga war pick, 37, 38

Mall (weapon), 88

Mallet in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61

Malleable bronze, 57;
copper, 66;
iron, 98

Maltese cross, 192 _n_

Manchette, 12 _n_

Maniples (of Roman army), 246 _n_

Mantis (the fights of), 13

Mantramukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Manufacture of arms and armour in Cyprus, 188

Manyuema Swordlet, 169

Maracá (sacred rattle: Brazilian Tupis), 151

Marave iron-smelting furnace, 118

‘Mar Jiryús’ (Cappadocian saint), 181

Mars worshipped by the Scythians, 227

Martel-de-fer, 28

_Martinezia ciliata_, 42

Máru or Mádu (horn dagger), 11

Maruduk (= Mars: Assyrian God), 207

Marzabotto blade, the (Etruscan), 195

Masks (papier-mâché) in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Master Shoe-tye,’ 3 _n_

Materialism, 261 _n_

Mathematics in Ancient Egypt, 148

Maushtika (fist-sword; stiletto: Hindú), 215

Mawingo-wings (_Pennisetum Benthami_), 12

Mayence blade, 238

Media, 209 _n_

Mediæval sabres, 136

— split Swords, 142

Medicine in Ancient Egypt, 148

Medinah Habu, temple of, 175

_Melaleuca_ (swamp tea-tree), 40

Melkarth (Phœnician god), 179

Μελίη (ash-tree = a bow), 254 _n_

Memnonium, the, 175

Meri (New Zealand weapon), 26, 47

Merodach (Babylonian god), 183

Mesopotamia, iron work in, 104

Mesopotamian astronomy, 200 _n_

Metal in the Hissarlik remains, 106

— replaces bone and stone in weapons, 50

— scabbards, 222 _n_

Metal-workers, a wandering race of, 275

Metal-working (discovery of), 51

— in China, 115

Metallic value of Dr. Schliemann’s finds, 233

Metallo-lithic Age, 22 _n_

Metallurgic δαίμονες, 74

Metallurgy, Assyrian, 202

— developed by ancient Egyptians, 151

— extension of from Egypt, 63

— of the Exodists, 56 _n_;
origin of, 74

Metals, archaic names of, 122

— in Ancient Cyprus, 186

— in Ancient Hellas, 220

— in the Troas finds, 191

Metamorphosis, 2

Meteoric-iron chips for wooden weapons, 51

Meteoric iron, 99

Meteorolites, 99 _n_

Method of warfare, Ancient German, 273

Mica-schist dagger (natural formation), 47

Mica-schist, mould of, 82, 191

Midas-myth, the, 187 _n_

Midian copper mines, 102

Mihhili Mezzir (= Sahs), 272 _n_

Milanese (modern), 270 _n_

Milesians (origin of the name), 65 _n_

Miletus, ‘Holy City’ of, 242 _n_

Militarism of the Ancient Romans, 252

Military discipline under the Roman Empire, 249

— mining (Ancient Egypt), 154

— tactics of Ancient Hindús, 218

Milites (etymology of the word), 245

Mimosa, 6, 32

Mineral fields of Cornwall, 275

‘Miners’ hammers (= stone-pounders; Ireland), 65

Miölner (hammer of Thor), 35

Mirmillones, 251

Mirrors (polished) of copper, 67

Missile fishes, 7

— weapons, 2, 6

Missiles in the _Iliad_, 222

‘Mixing bloods,’ 227 _n_

Modern Irish, character of, 279 _n_

Mohammed’s Sword, 141

Mokume (ornamental alloys), 83

‘Money swords’ (Chinese talismans), 64

Mongol, a special race, 227 _n_

Monkeys, (use of missiles by), 2

Monomachia (intaglio of gold) at Mycenæ, 234

_Monodon monoceros_ (Narwhal or sea-unicorn), 11

Monotheism of Egypt, 149

‘Morning star,’ 20

Morra (the game) in Ancient Egypt, 148

Moses’ cradle, 149

Moslem two-headed eagle (heraldry), 176 _n_

Mosul (the original Ararat), 202

‘Mound-builders,’ 66, 116

‘Mountain copper’ (ὀρειχάλκον), 85

Movable tower (for sieges), 154

Mucro (edge of a Sword: Roman), 255 _n_

Mud bricks, Assyrian, 201

Muffle (crucible), 111 _n_

Muktámukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Muktasandhárita (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Mulciber (= Malik Kabir: Phœnician), 179

Multibarbed or serrated weapons, 13

Mummies, Quichuan, 67 _n_

Mummy bodies at Mycenæ, 228

— skulls, 144

Music connected with Lydia, 194

— origin of, 15

— in Ancient Egypt, 148

Mussel-shell (the original spoon), 47 _n_;
and as a tip to a (thrusting) wooden Sword, 48

Muzak (wrought metal: Hebrew), 103

Mycenæ, the discoveries at, 73, 82, 106, 227 _sq._

‘Mycenæ spiral,’ 233 _sq._

Mycenian goldsmiths, 85 _n_

Mythological degradation on of Egyptian mysteries, 151

Naharayn (Mesopotamia), 104, 172

Nails of copper, 65

‘Naki-ka-kausti’ (a _spectaculum_ at Baroda), 8 _n_

Names become by-words, 65 _n_

Napoleon Buonparte and the Arabs, 186 _n_

Naphtuhim (Thuhi = ‘the fair people’), 102 _n_

Narwhal or sea-unicorn (_Monodon monoceros_), 11

_Naseus fronticornis_, 10

National weapon of ancient Germans, 270

‘Native brass’ opposed to ‘yellow copper’ (English) 56

Native iron, 99;
steel, _ib._

Natural alloys, 66, 69

Náyin (Mpangwe crossbow), 37 _n_

Nebo (Mercury), 207