Chapter II: Main Instructions for Columns

(_a_) Resting columns, location, and nature of halting-places.
The most important thing is that the halting-places be
of irregular form.

1. It is best to distribute the columns irregularly under
trees of gardens, avenues, roads, and courtyards, even
if not very dense.

2. The camouflage of wagons or artillery pieces by means
of branches does not secure them from reconnaissance by
airplanes, when the column is in the open on light-colored
ground, as, for example, on dry roads. Shadows enlarge in
a surprising manner.

3. In villages, keep close to the houses, walls, enclosures
of gardens and hedges, but, if possible, with irregular
distribution. The best side is always the north side of
houses, walls, etc., on account of the shadow.

4. In small courtyards the wagons are lined up one beside
the other and the tarpaulins joined in order to make a
roof. This appears as a smooth and very natural surface
on the photograph, which does not attract the enemy’s
attention.

5. Lessen the tracks, if possible. Do not widen the
roads of approach uselessly. Follow the track. Mark out
footpaths, staking them out, if necessary, by wire.

(_b_) Troops on foot, wagons, and artillery columns on the
march.

1. Even at night make more use of tracks which are
generally dark; the columns can then with difficulty
be observed by airplanes; on the other hand, columns
on roads which appear light can be seen even at night.

2. Infantry columns will be divided into small groups
distributed in depth and advance along the shady side of
roads.

3. When airplanes use light projectors at night keep in the
shade of trees or buildings.