Chapter I: Front Matter

THE
AMERICAN JUDICIARY

BY

SIMEON E. BALDWIN, LL.D.

CONTENTS

PART

CASES CITED.

I. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE JUDICIAL POWER IN THE UNITED
STATES.

II. THE ORGANIZATION AND PRACTICAL WORKING OF AMERICAN COURTS.

_PART I_

CHAPTER

I. ENGLISH ORIGIN AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN
JUDICIARY.

II. THE SEPARATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER FROM THE LEGISLATIVE
AND EXECUTIVE IN AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONS.

III. THE RELATIONS OF THE JUDICIARY TO THE POLITICAL
DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT.

IV. THE FORCE OF JUDICIAL PRECEDENTS.

V. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF DEVELOPING UNWRITTEN LAW.

VI. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF INTERPRETING AND DEVELOPING WRITTEN
LAW.

VII. THE JUDICIAL POWER OF DECLARING WHAT HAS THE FORM OF LAW
NOT TO BE LAW.

_PART II_

VIII. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS OF THE STATES.

IX. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

X. RELATIONS OF THE STATE JUDICIARY TO THE UNITED STATES,
AND OF THE UNITED STATES JUDICIARY TO THE STATES.

XI. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COURTS OF DIFFERENT STATES.

XII. TRIAL BY JURY.

XIII. FORMALITIES IN JUDICIAL PROCEDURE.

XIV. TRIAL COURTS FOR CIVIL CAUSES.

XV. PROBATE COURTS.

XVI. BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY COURTS.

XVII. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.

XVIII. THE EXERCISE OF JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS OUT OF COURT.

XIX. APPELLATE COURTS.

XX. THE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS AND PUNISHMENT OF CONTEMPTS
OF COURT.

XXI. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN TERRITORIES SUBJECT TO MARTIAL
LAW.

XXII. APPOINTMENT, TENURE OF OFFICE AND COMPENSATION OF JUDGES.

XXIII. THE CHARACTER OF THE BAR AND ITS RELATIONS TO THE BENCH.

XXIV. THE LAW'S DELAYS.

XXV. THE ATTITUDE OF THE PEOPLE TOWARDS THE JUDICIARY.

INDEX.

* * * * *

TABLE OF CASES

Ableman _v._ Booth
Allinson, Hale _v._
American Insurance Co. _v._ Canter
Ames _v._ Kansas
Ames, Smyth _v._
Andrews, _Ex parte_
Anthes, Commonwealth _v._

Bachert _v._ Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co.
Baldwin, Robertson _v._
Bank, Bardes _v._
Bank of Kentucky, Briscoe _v._
Bank of Mississippi _v._ Duncan
Bank of the U. S., Osborn _v._
Bardes _v._ Bank
Barrows _v._ Bell
Batchelder _v._ Moore
Baxter _v._ Brooks
Baxter, State _v._
Bean _v._ Beckwith
Bean, Beckwith _v._
Beckham, Taylor _v._
Beckwith _v._ Bean
Beckwith, Bean _v._
Bell, Barrows _v._
Bell's Gap R. R. Co., McCloskey _v._
Bernard, Coggs _v._
Biddle, Green _v._
Bidwell, Downes _v._
Bissell _v._ Dickerson
Blacker, Board of Supervisors _v._
Blair _v._ Williams
Blake _v._ McClung
Board of Supervisors _v._ Blacker
Bodley _v._ Gaither
Boffman, Hickman _v._
Bonham's case
Booth _v._ Clark
Booth, Ableman _v._
Borden, Luther _v._
Bowman _v._ Middleton
Boyd _v._ Thayer
Boyd _v._ U. S.
Bradburn, Mincey _v._
Bradley _v._ Fisher
Bradley _v._ New Haven
Bradley, _Ex parte_
Brainerd, Fitch _v._
Branch, _In re_
Brashears, Lapsley _v._
Briggs _v._ Garrett
Brine _v._ Insurance Co.
Briscoe _v._ Bank of Kentucky
Brooks _v._ State
Brooks, Baxter _v._
Brown, Kellogg _v._
Brown, Parkersburg _v._
Bulkley, State _v._
Bull, Calder _v._
Burgess _v._ Seligman
Burr's Trial
Burrows, Nudd _v._
Bush, Perry _v._
Bushnell, _Ex parte_

Calder _v._ Bull
California, Hurtado _v._
Call Publishing Co., Western Union Telegraph Co. _v._
Calvin _v._ Huntley
Canfield _v._ Mitchell
Canter, American Insurance Co. _v._
Carriere, Tua _v._
Cherokee Nation _v._ Georgia,
Chisholm _v._ Georgia
Christmas _v._ Russell
Church _v._ Pearne
City of South Bend _v._ Turner
Claflin _v._ Houseman
Clark, Booth _v._
Clarke's Appeal
Cleveland, Painesville and Eastern R. R. Co., _v._
Pritschau
Clymer, Norris _v._
Cochran, Gernon _v._
Coffin _v._ United States
Coggs _v._ Bernard
Cohens _v._ Virginia
Coleman _v._ Tennessee
Coler _v._ Tacoma Railway and Power Co.
Colt, Stanley _v._
Commonwealth _v._ Anthes
Conn. Pipe Mfg. Co., Ward _v._
Consul of Spain _v._ Consul of Great Britain
Cooper, Application of
Cooper, _In re_
Cooper, In the matter of
Copass, Hall-Moody Institute _v._
Croswell, People _v._
Cunningham, State _v._

Danbury, Hoyt _v._
Dartmouth College _v._ Woodward
Debs, U. S. _v._
Debs, _In re_
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Co., Forepaugh _v._
Demorest, Hutkoff, _v._
Dennison, Kentucky _v._
Deposit Bank _v._ Frankfort
Dickerson, Bissell _v._
Diggs _v._ Wolcott
Donoghue, Hanley _v._
Dorr _v._ United States
Dorrance, Vanhorne's Lessee, _v._
Dougherty, Lanark _v._
Dow _v._ Johnson
Downes _v._ Bidwell
Dred Scott _v._ Sandford
Drehman _v._ Stifle
Duncan, Bank of Mississippi _v._
Duncan, Johnson _v._
Dyson _v._ Rhode Island Co.

Eakin _v._ Raub
Eckrich _v._ St. Louis Transit Co.
Ellington, Miel _v._
Erdman _v._ Mitchell
Exchange Bank _v._ Rice

Farmers' Loan and Trust Co., Pollock _v._
Faulkner _v._ Hart
Finney _v._ Guy
Fish _v._ Smith
Fisher, Bradley _v._
Fitch _v._ Brainerd
Fletcher _v._ Peck
Flynn _v._ Morgan
Forepaugh _v._ Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Co.
Frankfort, Deposit Bank _v._
French _v._ Waterbury
Frost _v._ Leighton

Gaither, Bodley _v._
Garland, _Ex parte_
Garrett, Briggs _v._
Genesee Chief, The
Georgia _v._ Stanton
Georgia, Cherokee Nation _v._
Georgia, Chisholm _v._
Georgia, Worcester _v._
Gernon _v._ Cochran
Gibbons _v._ Ogden
Goshen _v._ Stonington
Gould _v._ Hudson River R. R. Co.
Grady's case
Grapeshot, The
Gray, James _v._
Green _v._ Biddle
Griffin _v._ Wilcox
Griswold, Hepburn _v._
Griswold, United States _v._
Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. _v._ Radcliffe
Groves _v._ Slaughter
Guy, Finney _v._

Hale _v._ Allinson
Hall-Moody Institute _v._ Co-pass
Ham _v._ McClaws
Hanley _v._ Donoghue
Hanover National Bank _v._ Moyses
Hans _v._ Louisiana
Harris, Norris _v._
Hart, Faulkner _v._
Hawes _v._ Oakland
Hayburn's Case
Hepburn _v._ Griswold
Heywood, Wilcox _v._
Hickman _v._ Boffman
Hildreth's Heirs _v._ McIntire's Devisee
Hill _v._ Smith
Hill, Koehler _v._
Hoffman, People _v._
Holmes _v._ Walton
Houseman, Claflin _v._
Houser, State _v._
Howle, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. _v._
Hoyt _v._ Danbury
Hudson River R. R. Co., Gould _v._
Huntley, Calvin _v._
Hurtado, _v._ California
Hutkoff _v._ Demorest

Insurance Co., Brine _v._
International Distillery, Pearson _v._
Irvine _v._ Stone

James _v._ Gray
Jecker _v._ Montgomery
Johnson _v._ Duncan
Johnson _v._ People
Johnson, Dow _v._
Johnson, Mississippi _v._
Johnson, State _v._
Joint Traffic Association, United States _v._
Judges, State _v._

Kansas, Ames _v._
Katz _v._ Walkinshaw
Kellogg _v._ Brown
Kellogg _v._ Warmoth
Kentucky _v._ Dennison
Kentucky, Louisville Ferry Co. _v._
Kepner _v._ U. S.
Ketcham _v._ McNamara
Kilbourn _v._ Thompson
Klein, U. S. _v._
Kneedler _v._ Lane
Koehler _v._ Hill

Lachenmeyer, Pepin _v._
Lanark _v._ Dougherty
La Ninfa, The
Lane, Kneedler _v._
Lapsley _v._ Brashears
Lee, State _v._
Legal Tender Cases, The
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co., Bachert _v._
Leighton, Frost _v._,
Lennon _v._ Rawitzer,
Letson, Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston R. R. Co. _v._,
Little Charles, The schooner, U. S. _v._,
Loan Association _v._ Topeka,
Loomis _v._ Newhali,
Lottawanna, The,
Louisiana, Hans, _v._,
Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston R. R. Co. _v._ Letson,
Louisville Ferry Co. _v._ Kentucky,
Luke _v._ Lyde,
Luther _v._ Borden,
Lyde, Luke _v._

McCardle, _Ex parte_,
McClaws, Ham _v._,
McCloskey _v._ Bell's Gap R. R. Co.,
McClung, Blake _v._,
McConnaughy, Pennoyer _v._,
McCulloch _v._ Maryland,
McDaniel, Terry _v._,
McDowell _v._ Oyer,
McFarland _v._ People,
McIntire's Devisee, Hildreth's Heirs _v._,
M'Kim _v._ Voorhies,
McLeod's Case,
McNamara, Ketcham _v._,
McVeigh _v._ Ripley

Madison, Marbury _v._,
Main, State _v._,
Marbury _v._ Madison,
Maryland, McCulloch _v._,
Mather, Rand _v._,
Merriman _v._ Social Mfg. Co.,
Merryman, _Ex parte_,
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. _v._ Howle,
Mial _v._ Ellington,
Middleton, Bowman _v._,
Milligan, _Ex parte_,
Miln, New York _v._,
Mincey _v._ Bradburn,
Mississippi _v._ Johnson,
Mitchell, Canfield _v._,
Mitchell, Erdman _v._,
Montgomery, Jecker _v._,
Moore, _Ex parte_,
Moore, Batchelder _v._,
Morgan, Flynn _v._,
Mormon Church _v._ United States,
Morrill, State _v._,
Moses Taylor, The,
Moyses, Hanover National Bank _v._,
Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, Vincent _v._,
Myers _v._ South Bethlehem

Nash, United States _v._,
Neagle, _In re_,
Neff, Pennoyer _v._,
Newhall, Loomis _v._,
New Haven, Bradley _v._,
New Jersey _v._ New York,
Newman, _Ex parte_,
New York _v._ Miln,
New York, New Jersey _v._,
New York and New England R. R. Co., Rumsey _v._,
New York, New Haven and Hartford R. R. Co., Stack _v._,
Noble _v._ Union River Logging Co.,
Norris _v._ Clymer,
Norris _v._ Harris,
Northern Securities Co. _v._ United States,
Norwalk Street Railway Co.'s Appeal
Nudd _v._ Burrows

Oakland, Hawes _v._
Ogden _v._ Saunders
Ogden, Gibbons _v._
Ohio and Mississippi R. R. Co. _v._ Wheeler
Olcott, People _v._
Osborn _v._ Bank of the U. 8.
Oyer, McDowell _v._

Parkersburg _v._ Brown
Patterson, William
Paul _v._ Virginia
Pearne, Church _v._
Pearson _v._ International Distillery
Pease, Starr _v._
Peck, Fletcher _v._
Pennoyer _v._ McConnaughy
Pennoyer _v._ Neff
Pennsylvania, Prigg _v._
Pennsylvania Coal Co., Sanderson _v._
People _v._ Croswell
People _v._ Hoffman
People _v._ Olcott
People _v._ Webb
People, Johnson _v._
People, McFarland _v._
Pepin _v._ Lachenmeyer
Perkins, United States _v._
Perry _v._ Bush,
Peters, Wheaton _v._
Pollock _v._ Farmers' Loan and Trust Co.
Prigg _v._ Pennsylvania
Pritschau, Cleveland, Painesville and Eastern R. R. Co. _v._

Radcliffe, Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. _v._
Rand _v._ Mather
Raub, Eakin _v._
Rawitzer, Lennon _v._
Reese, United States _v._
Regents _v._ Williams
Rhode Island Co., Dyson _v._
Rice, Exchange Bank _v._
Rich, Upshur County _v._
Ripley, McVeigh _v._
Robbins' Case
Robertson _v._ Baldwin
Robinson, _Ex parte_
Royall, _Ex parte_
Rumsey _v._ New York and New England R. R. Co.
Russell, Christmas _v._
Rutgers _v._ Waddington

Sanderson _v._ Penn. Coal Co.
Sandford, Dred Scott _v._
Saunders, Ogden _v._
Scott _v._ Sandford
Seligman, Burgess _v._
Shepherd, State _v._
Sheve, U. S. _v._
Siebold, _Ex parte_
Sims' Case
Slaughter, Groves _v._
Smith, Fish _v._
Smith, Hill _v._
Smith, U. S. _v._
Smyth _v._ Ames
Social Mfg. Co., Merriman _v._
South Bethlehem, Myers _v._
Sparf _v._ U. S.
St. Louis Transit Co., Eckrich _v._
Stack _v._ New York, New Haven and Hartford R. R. Co.
Stanley _v._ Colt
Stanley, U. S. _v._
Stanton, Georgia _v._
Starr _v._ Pease
State _v._ Baxter
State _v._ Bulkley
State _v._ Cunningham
State _v._ Houser
State _v._ Johnson
State _v._ Judges
State _v._ Lee
State _v._ Main
State _v._ Morrill
State _v._ Shepherd
State _v._ Travelers' Insurance Co.
State _v._ Ward
State _v._ Worden
State, Brooks _v._
Stephens, petitioner
Stifle, Drehman _v._
Stone, Irvine _v._
Stonington, Goshen _v._
Swift _v._ Tyson

Tacoma Railway and Power Co., Coler _v._
Tassel's Case
Taylor _v._ Beckham
Tennessee, Coleman _v._
Terry _v._ McDaniel
Thayer, Boyd _v._
The Genesee Chief
The Grapeshot
The La Ninfa
The Lottawanna
The Moses Taylor
The Schooner Little Charles, U. S. _v._
The Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson, The
Thompson, Kilbourn _v._
Topeka, Loan Association _v._
Trademark Cases
Travelers' Insurance Co., State _v._
Trevett _v._ Weeden
Tua _v._ Carriere
Turner, City of South Bend _v._
Tyson, Swift _v._

Union River Logging Co., Noble, _v._
United States _v._ Debs
United States _v._ Griswold
United States _v._ Joint Traffic Association
United States _v._ Klein
United States _v._ Nash
United States _v._ Perkins
United States _v._ The Schooner Little Charles
United States _v._ Reese
United States _v._ Robbins
United States _v._ Sheve
United States _v._ Smith
United States _v._ Sparf
United States _v._ Stanley
United States _v._ Wilson
United States _v._ Worrall
United States, Boyd _v._
United States, Coffin _v._
United States, Dorr _v._
United States, Kepner _v._
United States, Mormon Church _v._
United States, Northern Securities Co. _v._
Upshur County _v._ Rich

Vanhorne's lessee _v._ Dorrance
Vincent _v._ Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association
Virginia, Cohens _v._
Virginia, Paul _v._
Voorhies, M'Kim _v._

Waddington, Rutgers _v._
Walkinshaw, Katz _v._
Walton, Holmes _v._
Ward _v._ Conn. Pipe Mfg. Co.,
Ward, State _v._,
Warmoth, Kellogg _v._,
Waterbury, French _v._,
Webb, People _v._,
Weeden, Trevett _v._,
Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Call Publishing Co.,
Wheaton v. Peters,
Wheeler, Ohio and Mississippi R. R. Co., _v._,
Wheeler's Appeal,
Wilcox v. Heywood,
Wilcox, Griffin _v._,
Williams, Blair _v._,
Williams, Regents _v._,
Wilson, U. S. _v._,
Wolcott, Diggs _v._,
Woodward, Dartmouth College, _v._,
Worcester v. Georgia,
Worden, State _v._,
Worrall, U. S. _v._

Additional cases cited in Second edition.

Janvrin v. Revere Water Co.,
Revere Water Co., Janvrin, _v._,
O'Brien's Petition,
Seery v. Waterbury,
Waterbury, Seery _v._

* * * * *