Chapter I: Front Matter

_SOCIAL QUESTIONS OF TO-DAY_

EDITED BY H. DE B. GIBBINS, M.A.

THE ALIEN INVASION

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SOCIAL QUESTIONS OF TO-DAY.

_Edited by H. de B. GIBBINS, M.A._

Crown 8vo, 2_s._ 6_d._

MESSRS. METHUEN announce the publication of a series of volumes upon those topics of social, economic and industrial interest that are at the present moment foremost in the public mind. Each volume of the series is written by an author who is an acknowledged authority upon the subject with which he deals, and who treats his question in a thoroughly sympathetic but impartial manner, with special reference to the historic aspect of the subject.

_The following form the earlier Volumes of the Series_:--

=1. TRADE UNIONISM--NEW AND OLD.= G. HOWELL, M.P., Author of
_The Conflicts of Capital and Labour_. [_Ready._

=2. PROBLEMS OF POVERTY:= An Inquiry into the Industrial Condition of
the Poor. By J. A. HOBSON, M.A. [_Ready._

=3. THE CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT TO-DAY.= G. J. HOLYOAKE,
Author of _The History of Co-operation_. [_Ready._

=4. MUTUAL THRIFT.= Rev. J. FROME WILKINSON, M.A., Author of
_The Friendly Society Movement_. [_Ready._

=5. THE COMMERCE OF NATIONS.= C. F. BASTABLE, LL.D.,
Professor of Political Economy in the University of Dublin.
[_Ready._

=6. THE ALIEN INVASION.= W. H. WILKINS, B.A., Secretary to
the Association for Preventing the Immigration of Destitute Aliens.
(With an Introductory Note by the Right Reverend the Bishop of
Bedford.) [_Ready._

=7. THE RURAL EXODUS:= Problems of Village Life. P. ANDERSON
GRAHAM. [_In the Press._

=8. LAND NATIONALIZATION.= HAROLD COX, B.A. [_In the Press._

_The following are in preparation_:--

=9. MODERN LABOUR AND OLD ECONOMICS.= H. DE B. GIBBINS, M.A.
(Editor), Author of _The Industrial History of England_.

=10. ENGLISH SOCIALISM OF TO-DAY.= HUBERT BLAND, one of the
Authors of _Fabian Essays_.

=11. ENGLISH LAND AND ENGLISH MEN.= Rev. C. W. STUBBS, M.A.,
Author of _The Labourers and the Land_.

=12. CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM IN ENGLAND.= Rev. J. CARTER, M.A.,
of Pusey House, Oxford.

=13. THE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE.= J. R. DIGGLE, M.A.,
Chairman of the London School Board.

=14. POVERTY AND PAUPERISM.= Rev. L. R. PHELPS, M.A., Fellow
of Oriel College, Oxford.

=15. CONTINENTAL LABOUR.= W. MAXWELL.

=16. WOMEN'S WORK.= LADY DILKE.

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THE ALIEN INVASION

BY

W. H. WILKINS, B.A.

(_Clare College, Cambridge_)

AUTHOR OF A MONOGRAPH UPON "THE TRAFFIC IN ITALIAN CHILDREN"

WITH AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE

BY THE

RIGHT REVEREND THE BISHOP OF BEDFORD

Methuen & Co.

18, BURY STREET, LONDON, W.C.

1892

[_All Rights reserved_]

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RICHARD CLAY & SONS, LIMITED,
LONDON & BUNGAY.

* * * * *

TO

The Right Honourable the Earl of Dunraven, K.G.,

THE LEADER OF

THE MOVEMENT FOR PROTECTING OUR PEOPLE

AGAINST THE INVASION OF THE DESTITUTE

AND WORTHLESS OF OTHER LANDS,

This Little Volume is Dedicated,

IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT

OF MUCH ENCOURAGEMENT, AND MANY KINDNESSES.

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AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

My object in writing this little book has been to collect together in a popular and readable form the main facts connected with the question of destitute immigration. I have endeavoured to set forth as concisely as possible the evils consequent upon our present system, and to place before the public the leading arguments in favour of some moderate and judicious restriction of the influx of the destitute and worthless of other countries. In doing so, I have studiously avoided identifying this important question with any particular party, or any particular creed. It is a matter which concerns the nation as a whole, and it is one in which men of all creeds and parties--Jew or Christian, Liberal or Conservative--may unite together for good. The advisability of restricting our present system of unchecked destitute immigration is a matter upon which there exists considerable difference of opinion. In giving expression to my earnest convictions, I ask for that same indulgence which I willingly extend to those who may differ from my conclusions.

W. H. WILKINS.

15B, ARLINGTON STREET, S.W.
_January 1892._

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

I have been asked to write a short preface to a work in which the author proposes to afford the public information with respect to the immigration of destitute aliens into this country. He will discuss the evil incident to an immigration that is practically uncontrolled; and he will suggest the lines in which, in his opinion, remedial legislation should be promoted.

The subject is one of very great importance, and I am confident it will be approached by the writer in a dispassionate spirit. He must know that he will fail of his object unless it is perfectly clear he is not influenced by any prejudice against the race to which the greater part of the destitute immigrants are known to belong. He will make it abundantly clear there is no desire or intention to forbid the man who is persecuted, either for his religious creed or his political opinions, from finding an asylum among us.

It is the opinion of many who have given to this subject much consideration, that the destitute foreigners who come to England in such numbers exchange into a condition that is hardly less tolerable, than that from which they have fled in the lands of their birth. It is said they exercise an influence that is morally and socially to the hurt of those among whom they come to dwell. It is contended that they injuriously compete with our own people in the labour market. It is often urged that they compel our people to seek a home and employment in other lands, because of the glut they cause in the labour market, and because of their readiness to accept wages and to be content with conditions of living which are unacceptable, and something more than merely unacceptable, to the Englishman.

These allegations require to be investigated. It is important to ascertain what the number of foreign immigrants really is, and what is their condition when they land among us. It is desirable we should know what provision is made, if any, for their reception, and what becomes of the men, women, and children, who are said to arrive in London in large numbers, and for the most part absolutely destitute. Is overcrowding, with its consequent miseries and ills, appreciably increased in the East End of London? These are questions on which the public ought to be informed, and the guardians of the health, and morals, and general well-being of the people must desire to be enlightened on these matters. If the evils that are said to be the results of the immigration of destitute aliens are found to exist, it will be for our legislators to devise in their wisdom the appropriate remedy. I will only venture to express one opinion with reference to this difficult and intricate subject.

I am of opinion it is not safe to allow things to remain as they are without thorough investigation. On the part of the immigrants there is a widespread feeling that they are the victims of unjust aspersions; on the part of the native population there is a disquieting feeling that the authorities are indifferent to their interests, and careless of their sufferings. The antipathy of race to race is consequently and injuriously fomented. It is not to the good of the whole community that this state of things should be allowed to continue. If this book shall help to throw light upon the matters in dispute, and influence public opinion to move the authorities to investigation, and, if the evils said to follow upon unrestricted immigration are found to exist, to endeavour to remove them by legislation--it will not have been written in vain.

R. C. BEDFORD.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. PAGE

I. THE GENERAL ASPECT 1

II. INCREASE AND EXTENT 17

III. JEWISH IMMIGRATION 35

IV. ITALIAN IMMIGRATION 54

V. ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS 68

VI. WOMAN'S BITTER CRY 85

VII. THE SANITARY DANGER 95

VIII. THE SOCIAL EVIL 104

IX. LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 115

X. THE EXAMPLE OF THE UNITED STATES 127

XI. THE COLONIAL ASPECT 136

XII. THE REMEDIES 147

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APPENDIX A. SOME OBSOLETE ALIEN ACTS 157

" B. THE ALIEN ACT OF WILLIAM IV. 161

" C. ITALIAN LAW AS TO VAGRANTS 167

" D. THE DANISH ALIEN LAW 169

" E. SUMMARY OF THE LAWS OF THE
UNITED STATES 176

" F. SOME COLONIAL IMMIGRANT ACTS 179

" G. LIST OF TRADES UNIONS WHICH
HAVE CONDEMNED PAUPER IMMIGRATION 186

INDEX 189

THE ALIEN INVASION.