Chapter II: The Spy Through the Ages 29

Spies and the Bible—The Jew as Spy—Polyænus and his Work—Mithridates his own Spy—Frontinus and _Stratagems_—Ruses of Lelius—Tarquin's Son—Military "Psychologising"—Alexander's Black Cabinet—Histiæus and Ionia—Carrier-Pigeons used by Ancients—Hannibal and his Spies—Cæsar's Use of Spies—Rome and Church Spies—Continental School Spies—Frederick the Great real Founder of Modern Espionage—His Ambition for Prussia—Napoleon and Spies