Chapter VII: Across the Andes

The Andean Range 248

The Uspallata Pass from Chile into Argentina 250

Construction of the Transandine Railway 251

Scenery on the Chilean Side 253

The Tunnel under the Summit of the Cordillera 256

Scenery on the Argentine Side 256

Aconcagua and Tupungato 257

The City of Mendoza 260

Argentines and Chileans 264

Return across the Mountains and Ascent to the Cumbre 267

The Christ of the Andes 269

Observations on the Scenery of the Andes in General 271

Comparison with the Himalayas 276

[Note on the Passage of the Andes, in 1817, by the Army of
General San Martin] 280

CHAPTER VIII

THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN

Discovery of the Straits, and Circumnavigation of the Globe,
by Magellan 284

Voyage of Sir Francis Drake 286

The Coast of Southern Chile: The Sea-birds 286

Approach to, and Entrance of, the Straits 290

The Scenery of the Western Half of the Straits 291

Punta Arenas and Tierra del Fuego 300

The Eastern Half of the Straits 304

General Observations on the Character of the Straits 305

Their Historical Importance 307

The Falkland Isles, their Character and Products 308

Their History 311

Their Scenery 313

CHAPTER IX

ARGENTINA

The Approach to Buenos Aires 315

Aspect of the City 316

Society in Buenos Aires 318

Physical Character of Argentina 324

Inhabitants of Argentina: The Gaucho 327

Agriculture and Ranching 329

The Process of Settlement: Labour 330

The Scenery of the Pampas 334

Economic Prospects of Argentina 336

The European Immigrants 338

Character and Tendencies of Society in Argentina 341

Argentina the Most Modern of South American Countries 346

CHAPTER X

URUGUAY

How Uruguay became an Independent Republic 349

Resources of the Country 350

The City of Montevideo 351

Population of Uruguay: Immigrants and Natives 355

A Revolution in Uruguay 356

The Whites and the Reds 357

Causes of the Revolutionary Habit 358

Prosperity of Uruguay 362