Chapter XIII: Part 13

He did not wait longer than necessary, and on the following day he left the palace, walking with a stick, but otherwise unaided. His brother Marco went with him, and proposed that they should go to their boat by the private and covered entrance, but the old man refused. ‘I will go down,’ he said, ‘by that staircase up which I came to be Doge.’

The last legend concerning him is that he died of a broken heart on hearing the great bell announce the election of his successor. He died three days later, on All Saints’ Day, and the new Doge was at mass when the news was brought to the church. Doubtless Foscari’s end was hastened by the painful emotions of the last few days, however, and there was a strong feeling in Venice against the Council of Ten for some time afterwards.

As usual, there was also an attempt to make amends by giving the dead man a magnificent funeral. This his widow proudly refused, saying that she was rich enough to give her husband a king’s funeral without aid from the State; nevertheless, his body was taken by order of the Signory and was laid out in state, arrayed in the ducal garments with all the insignia; and Malipieri, the new Doge, followed the bier to the Frari dressed as a simple senator, as if Foscari’s successor had not yet been elected.

Returning for a moment to the list of the condottieri who served Venice in the fifteenth century, it is time to say that Carmagnola was succeeded as general of the Venetian armies by the Duke of Mantua, who before long went over to the enemy with his men, his weapons, and his baggage. The next commander was one of his lieutenants, a certain Erasmo da Narni, famous under the nickname of ‘Gattamelata,’ or Honey-Cat.

[Sidenote: _Eroli, Erasmo Gattamelata._]

Erasmo Gattamelata of Narni was the son of a baker in that town, and is said to have got his nickname from his soft and cat-like ways, ‘and for his speech, which was cautious and also sweet and suave as honey.’ As there are still families of the name in northern Italy who were never connected with his, I cannot see why we need assume that in his case it was a nickname at all. Such appellations are common in Italy, and it is probably only because he was such a distinguished condottiero that his has attracted so much attention. He began his fighting

career when he was young, and Braccio made him commander of his cavalry. He served many employers, amongst others Martin V., the Colonna Pope, and he

[Sidenote: _1434._]

found himself opposed in the field ‘both to Casa Braccio and Piccinino, and also to Stella, his old friends and leaders.’ He was sixty years of age when he entered the service of the Venetian Republic. He had a sworn brother in arms, like many fighters of that day, a certain Count Brandolini who was included in the agreement with Venice, which is given in full in the Marchese Eroli’s book. It begins:--

Gattamelata and Count Brandolini are engaged as leaders of four
hundred lances with three horses to each lance, as is customary,
and also of four hundred footmen. And after six months they shall
have, besides what is above agreed, fifty lances more for their two
sons under them.

For the use of these four hundred lances there shall be given them
60 ducats for each lance.... Over and above this they shall have a
loan (an advance) on their personal security, of 2000 ducats, and
further, they shall soon have, on account of what the Sovereign
Pontiff owes them for their service, 10,000 ducats.

But Gattamelata and Count Brandolini shall produce for the
aforesaid money, and for the performance of their promise, suitable
sureties, having received which the Doge and the government will
provide the money....

As regards the booty which the said Gattamelata and Brandolini and
their band may collect in time of war, the custom of the tenth
shall be observed.

It was customary for condottieri to pay a tribute called Saint Mark’s Fee, Onoranza di San Marco, to the Republic, which was a sort of income-tax on loot. War was a matter of business.

Lack of space prevents me from giving the agreement in full. It is very curious. Among other provisions is one forbidding the condottiero to present, for the roll call, the same charger or man ‘more than once or under more than one lance,’ a clause which gives an idea of the usual methods of cheating. All unimportant prisoners were their property as part of the booty; the important objects and persons, ‘cities, lands, fortresses and their munitions, ruling princes and their brothers or sons, and rebels and traitors,’ were to be handed over to Venice; but other condottieri and military commanders, if taken, were to be paid for by the Venetian government, if it chose to pay half their ransoms.

At the end of the campaign Gattamelata and his friend received in ‘noble and gentle fee’ the castle and lands of Valmarino, on condition that the population should continue to buy its salt from the Venetian Republic, and that the two feudal holders should pay the Republic a yearly tribute of ten pounds of wax at the feast of Saint Mark. Gattamelata bought out his friend’s share, and was inscribed in the Golden Book.

He and Sforza fought together against Piccinino and amongst other things took back Verona.

[Sidenote: _1439. Verona retaken by the Venetians, Giovanni Contarini; Sala delle Quattro Porte, ducal palace._]

Gattamelata died of apoplexy not long after the end of that campaign, and was magnificently buried, in the presence of the Doge and the Signory. A picture representing his obsequies was painted by Mantegna, but his biographer, Marchese Eroli, writing in 1876, had not learned where it was, if it still existed, nor can I obtain any information on the subject.

The great Francesco Sforza was also during some time in the service of the Republic, but left it to marry Bianca Visconti with the prospect of succeeding to the Duchy, and he fought against Venice as bravely as he had lately fought under her standard. War was purely a matter of business with the condottieri, and so long as they fulfilled the conditions of each successive contract they undertook, no one ever blamed them for changing sides as often as was profitable. It was not even proper or customary to poison them for it, and in an age when political murder was as common as mere political calumny is now, the acts of Filippo-Maria Visconti were really looked on with disapproval by his fellow-scoundrels in power. It was considered that he went too far.

[Sidenote: _Rom. iv. 196._]

[Sidenote: _Battle of Lake Garda, Tintorettto; ceiling, Hall of Great Council._]

Astonishing things were done by the soldiers of that age. In the war with Milan, for instance, Venice at one time judged it necessary to get a small fleet into the Lake of Garda; and as the approaches by water were guarded by the Milanese, it was actually found possible to haul six galleys and twenty-five long-boats by means of oxen and capstans from the river Adige up the steep slope of the Monte Baldo and down to Torbole, where the vessels were launched into the lake--and promptly blockaded by the enemy.

In the same war Brescia successfully withstood a siege of no less than three years. It would take long to give even a slight idea of the feats of arms performed on both sides by hired troops, at a time when all Italy was on fire, and war was more or less continuous because the condottieri, who lived by it, were obliged to make it so or starve. The country was in a bad state; if the strong anywhere protected the weak, it was in order to enslave them more effectually, and the weak often revolted against the enforced protection they received.

Visconti died in 1447, leaving four wills, on the third of which Sforza founded those pretensions to the dukedom which he soon succeeded in establishing, though the Milanese declared that they would be a Republic, like Venice and Genoa. We smile at the futility of such a simple popular aspiration, in an age when soldiers were rulers and rulers were tyrants. The Milanese were obliged to employ Sforza to fight for them; he did so, routed the Venetians, forced them to a peace, and then entered into an alliance with them which gave them all the Cremasco, with Bergamo and Brescia, but landed him safely on the throne of Milan.

He had in him the stuff of a good prince, and he is said to have indulged dreams of uniting all Italy in a sort of federation to defend the country from foreign invasion.

But greater events were happening in the East, where the Byzantine Empire was at the last gasp of its existence. Even if Venice had thrown all her strength into opposing the Turks and protecting her Eastern commerce, instead of quarrelling with Milan, she

[Sidenote: _Smyrna taken by the Venetians, Paolo Veronese; Hall of the Great Council._]

could not have retarded the fall of Constantinople by any long time. As it was, she sent but little help to the last of the emperors. The Byzantines had never been good fighters, and the tremendous fortifications of the city alone checked Mohammed’s army of one hundred and sixty thousand fanatics.

Constantinople was taken in 1453, and in the wild massacre of Christians that followed, many Venetians were butchered. The Republic is said to have lost property worth three hundred thousand ducats. Fifteen Venetian ships succeeded in escaping, with eight Genoese vessels. But the mere loss of money and valuables was nothing compared with that which must have followed if the commerce of Venice in the East had been altogether destroyed. There was much to overlook and forgive, it is true, if an agreement were to be reached with Mohammed the Conqueror. He had impaled a Venetian captain and beheaded thirty of his crew before the siege; he had decapitated the Venetian Bailo and his son in cold blood afterwards, a great number of Venetians had perished in the massacre, and twenty-nine nobles had been held for ransom; and in return for these injuries and insults, the Republic had not struck a blow. The exigencies of commerce were great.

Venice played a double part in what followed, making a show of rousing the Pope to preach a crusade on the one hand, and, on the other, quietly drawing up a treaty with the Sultan, by which the Republic was to pay tribute for her Eastern settlements, the slave-trade was to be allowed to continue in the

Black Sea, provided that only Christians, and not Mussulmans, were bought and sold, and the Sultan was to force the Genoese of Pera to pay what they owed the Venetians. The latter clause was, no doubt, a good stroke of business, and the treaty contained many others which proved that its end was sordidly commercial.

Two hundred and fifty years had passed since blind Enrico Dandolo had led the Venetians to the conquest of Constantinople. What they did then cannot be justified, it is true, but no man who has fighting blood in his veins can help admiring the magnificent courage that performed such a feat of arms. In the same way, I suppose that no one in whom the true commercial spirit is alive will withhold his admiration from a people who could forgive insult and forget injury so completely as those later Venetians did in 1454, for the sake of making money. It avails not to reflect that it was probably too late to stem the westward movement of the Turks; the man of heart will always feel that the richest nation in Europe might have done something to save Constantinople from her fate.

Pope Nicholas V. thought so, and expressed his disgust to the Senate through his legate, but the Venetian government answered him in one of those sanctimonious speeches which it knew so well how to frame on occasion, and advised the Pope to turn his attention towards pacifying and uniting all Christian princes in a general league against the common enemy, well knowing that no such attempt could succeed.

In spite of the treaty, however, the Venetians never did well in the East after that, and their old enemies the Genoese got the better of them in the trade of the Black Sea, for the Turks were by no means satisfied yet with what they had taken, and Venice was more or less engaged during the next twenty years in trying to protect her Mediterranean colonies.

She had suffered considerably in her fortunes, though her credit appeared inexhaustible. Romanin has unearthed some curious figures. He estimates the loss of property by the fall of Constantinople at three hundred thousand ducats, and says that there were a number of bad commercial failures in Venice in consequence, notably that of Andrea Priuli, for twenty-four thousand ducats. The aggregate estimated value of the houses in Venice diminished between 1425 and 1445 by thirteen thousand ducats, which does not seem very disastrous where the whole reached three hundred and sixty thousand; but the war with Milan alone cost seven million ducats in ten years, in 1428 the Venetian Chamber of Commerce owed nine millions, and Romanin adds that in 1440 the bonds of the public debt were only worth eighteen and a half per cent of their nominal value, a statement in which there seems to be some mistake, unless that extreme depression was merely momentary. There can be no doubt but that the acquisition of extensive territory by warfare, and the reckless extravagance which became only too common in Foscari’s brilliant reign, had led to a serious diminution of wealth and population, and had burdened the Republic with a debt from which she was never to free herself again.

An attempt was made by Pope Pius II. to send a crusade against the Turks, and as such an expedition, if it had resulted in the expulsion of the Turks, would have been much to the advantage of Venice, she lent her support readily. The Pope, however, died suddenly when he was about to bless the united fleet on its departure from Ancona, and the result was that the whole alliance broke up at once, and those who had composed it departed for their homes without delay.

In Italy itself there was constant war, useless to those who paid for it, and profitable only to the soldiers they employed. The command of the Venetian troops had now passed to the great condottiero Bartolommeo Colleoni, a man quite as brave and devoted to the Republic as Gattamelata had been, and for employing whom the other Italian states envied her. When his contract with Venice had been executed, the Florentines succeeded in engaging him; but the incredible rivalry amongst the divers Italian states to obtain his services at last led to a treaty by which it was agreed that he should be sent against the Turks at the joint expense of them all. Of course this was not carried out, and perhaps no one ever expected that it could be. Moreover, Colleoni did not live long, and dying at a comparatively early age, he left all his fortune to the Republic on condition that it should be used for a campaign against the Turks, and that a statue should be set up to himself in the Square of Saint Mark’s.

[Sidenote: _Statue of Bartolommeo Colleoni, attributed to Verrocchio, Piazza SS. Giovanni e Paolo._]

With amazing dishonesty and admirable indifference to his wishes, Venice used his money for a war against the Duke of Ferrara; and the monument, which must indeed be admitted to be one of the finest equestrian statues in existence, was placed m the little square of San Giovanni e Paolo.

In spite of the treaty with the Sultan, Venice was obliged to spend no less than twelve hundred thousand ducats in defending her possessions against the Turks during five years; and the Mussulmans crossed Dalmatia and appeared in Friuli, to the general consternation of Europe. It is said that at this time the only ally upon which Venice could count was the King of Persia, whose interest it was to check the progress of Turanian invasion. Every one knows that although the Persians are Mohammedans, they belong to a sect which entertains a profound aversion for that of the Turks.

One of the principal episodes in this somewhat desultory warfare was the siege of Scutari in Albania, to possess which the Conqueror was willing to sacrifice any number of men. The place itself was very strong, but contained only about two thousand and five hundred persons, between mercenaries, citizens, and women. The Sultan brought eighty thousand men against them, whom he divided into four watches, each of twenty thousand, and each under orders to fight during six hours out of the twenty-four. The assault upon the breach, which was soon made, was therefore continuous; yet the heroic Antonio da Lezze, by dividing his little force in a similar manner, succeeded in resisting the enemy during thirty-six hours, and the slaughter was so terrific that Mohammed determined to give up the attempt and to starve the town till it surrendered. He had lost over twenty-five thousand men.

[Sidenote: _Smedley, II. chap. xiii._]

[Sidenote: _1478._]

Smedley, quoting Sabellico, says that the continued storm of arrows discharged by the assailants during two days and a night was something almost indescribable; a wretched cat that tried to steal across an exposed roof was shot through by eleven arrows at once; in many places three and four arrows had struck in precisely the same spot, splitting one another in succession, and during several months after the Turks had withdrawn, the shafts they had shot supplied kitchens, baths, and ovens with firewood.

[Sidenote: _Rom. iv. 382._]

The heroic little city held out against famine and artillery during eleven months, and when at last Venice had made peace with the Sultan on condition that the garrison should be allowed to leave the town with its arms and baggage, Antonio da Lezze marched out with four hundred and fifty men and one hundred and fifty women, all that was left of the little force which had successfully resisted the greatest conqueror of the age during the greater part of a year.

It is almost needless to say that the Republic treated the hero with her usual vile ingratitude, and that Da Lezze was imprisoned for a year and banished for ten because certain of the surviving inhabitants of Scutari accused him of having written to Venice that the town

was short of provisions when there was still a considerable store.

The impulse of conquest which had led the Turks so far was now almost exhausted, and when Mohammed the Conqueror died, the moment would have been favourable for driving the Turks out of the Archipelago, especially as the throne of the

[Sidenote: _1483. Defence of Brescia, Tintoretto; Hall of Great Council._]

Osmanlis was disputed by a number of claimants. But Venice was exhausted by her many struggles, and the sovereigns of other European states were only too ready to sacrifice the interests of Christianity at large to

[Sidenote: _1484. Taking of Gallipoli, Tintoretto; ceiling, Hall of Great Council._]

their private ends. The result was that the Republic, finding herself alone, made another ignominious peace with the Turks. But even now she had no rest, for she was at war with the Duke of Ferrara, who enjoyed the protection of the Pope. The latter exhausted every diplomatic means to induce Venice to withdraw; but the only result was that the Republic recalled its ambassador from Rome. Sixtus IV. now excommunicated Venice, and attempted to send notice of

[Sidenote: _1484. Victory of Vittor Soranzo over the men of Este, Tintoretto; Hall of Great Council._]

the excommunication by the political agent whom the Venetian ambassador had left in Rome. That official, however, declined to take the message, and the pope sent a special envoy, who was to present himself at the palace of the Patriarch. But the prelate succeeded in avoiding him by feigning illness, so that official notice

[Sidenote: _1484. Defeat of the Duke of Ferrara, Francesco Bassano; ceiling, Hall of Great Council._]

of the interdict never reached the Signory, a result which delighted the Venetians and proportionally scandalised all other Catholics. Venice gave formal notice to the Emperor, the King of France, the King of England, the Duke of Burgundy, and the Duke of Austria, that she appealed against the excommunication to a future council, and meanwhile no further attention was paid to the interdict. It was, in fact, removed by the next Pope, Innocent VIII., who had no especial reason for maintaining it.

The Republic had to deal at this time with internal troubles as well as external difficulties. It happened that two men of the same name and family were successively elected to be doges, and that the house in question was one of those known as ‘the new.’ For the aristocracy divided itself into two classes, of which ‘the old’ included only the families of tribunitian descent, who considered themselves vastly superior to all the rest. Nevertheless, the younger houses succeeded in keeping the ducal honour to themselves for more than two hundred years. In 1450 sixteen of these families had solemnly sworn never to allow the election of any doge from amongst the elder houses, and sixty-eight years had already passed since one of the latter had been chosen. On the death of Marco Barbarigo it was noised abroad that the old houses were about to make a determined effort to recover the desired dignity. Agostino Barbarigo was elected with some difficulty, and it was quite clear that there were now two hostile factions in the Venetian government which were more occupied with their party spites than with what concerned the welfare of the Republic.

It was a period of contradictions in Venetian history, for while the State seemed to be often gaining territory it was frequently losing influence and undermining the sources of its own wealth; and, on the whole, the loss during the fifteenth century considerably exceeded the profit.

It was at this time that Venice accomplished that remarkable piece of juggling which ended in the annexation of Cyprus.

[Sidenote: _b. 1454, d. 1510. Smedley, II. chap. xiv._]

[Sidenote: _1489._]

[Sidenote: _Finding of the relic of the Cross in the Grand Canal, said to contain the portrait of Caterina Corner, crowned, by Gentile Bellini; Accademia, Room XV._]

Caterina Corner, or Catharine Cornaro, as we are accustomed to call her, was the niece of a Venetian noble who lived in Cyprus, and she had married Jacques de Lusignan, an illegitimate son of the last king of the island. Less than two years after her marriage, when she was about to become a mother, her husband suddenly died, bequeathing his kingdom to the child that should be born. The infant that came into the world was a son indeed, but only lived a few months, and as Catharine’s husband had grasped the throne by driving out his half-sister, who was legitimate, his widow now had great difficulty in maintaining her position against the rightful heir, whose name was Charlotte, and who was married to the powerful Duke of Savoy. Catharine had no choice but to place herself under the protection of Venice, and the Republic, as usual when it undertook to help a friend in distress, began by hoisting its own flag on the citadel. With great skill the queen was gradually forced, in the course of fifteen years, into the position of resigning her little kingdom altogether into the hands of the Republic. In exchange she was to receive a considerable income and an estate at Asolo, where she could keep up the forms of a small court, still retaining her royal title. She was brought to Venice, and was received with the utmost pomp and display, and she retired quietly to Asolo, to spend the rest of her life in the society of the most distinguished philosophers and men of letters of the century.

Venice laid hands on all possible aspirants to the throne of Cyprus, men and boys, women and girls; the latter were consigned to convents, from which they were only allowed to go out occasionally with an escort. The young men were closely watched and their expenses defrayed by the Republic, and the boys were educated to be good Venetians.

So Venice got Cyprus, and for the sake of that little possession the Republic appears to have sacrificed the opportunity of helping Columbus to discover America. The fact has been denied, discussed, and asserted again by historians, but a document has been discovered by M. Urbain de Gheltof which, if genuine, puts an end to all doubt. That scholar has found in a private archive in Venice the copy of a letter to a Venetian noble written by Christopher Columbus from Palos, just before sailing to discover America. I translate the short document, in which the simple character of the Genoese explorer finds full expression:--

Very magnificent Sir--As your Republic did not think it was to its
interest to accept my offers, and as all the hatred of enemies
conspired to thwart me everywhere, I threw

[Sidenote: _Urbain de Gheltof, Letter of Christ. Col._]

myself into the arms of the Lord my God. And He, by the
intercession of His Saints, brought it about that the most clement
King of Castile, in his generosity, should help me to carry out my
plan of conquering a new world.

Thus, praise be to the Lord my God, I obtained command of vessels
and men, and I am presently going to sail towards this yet unknown
land which God inspires me to seek. I thank you for all your
kindness to me, and beg you to pray for me.

COLUMBO CRIST.

Written from PALOS, _August 1, 1492_.

The Venetians may not have very deeply regretted their refusal to help the Genoese navigator, but they were made to suffer acutely by the Portuguese discovery of the route to India by the Cape of Good Hope. For Portugal now imported by sea direct to Lisbon the rich merchandise of the East, of which the Venetians had hitherto enjoyed a monopoly, but for the passage of which they paid heavy duties to the Sultan. The supremacy of Venetian navigation was over, and a more daring race of seamen ventured voyages in distant and unknown oceans whither they were not followed by the old-fashioned mariners of the Mediterranean. It was in vain that the Republic proposed to the Sultan Bajazet a commercial alliance by which both powers might have profited; the Turk could not understand that the ruin of Venetian trade must impoverish the whole Archipelago and Constantinople itself. Instead of an alliance, a renewal of hostilities ensued, in the course of which Lepanto fell into the hands of the Turks, either because the garrison was insufficient or because the Venetian admiral,

Grimani, was not equal to the service required of him.

[Sidenote: _Marin Sanudo, III. chap. iii. 105._]

He shared the fate of almost all native-born Venetian commanders, and was brought home laden with chains so heavy that he could not have walked across the Piazzetta from the landing-place to his prison if he had not been held up by his son, who was a Cardinal. He was confined in one of the worst cells, surnamed ‘Forte,’ the Strong, and his sufferings were such, according to Sanudo, who kept his journal at the time, that the Cardinal appeared before the Signory one day to beg, as a favour, that his father might be executed rather than made to die by inches in his dungeon.

The people, as often happened, were quite of the opinion of their masters, that to be beaten in fight was a shameful crime, and a savage song about the unlucky Grimani was bawled in the streets--

Antonio Grimani, ruin of Christians, rebel of Venice!
May you be eaten by dogs,
By dogs and their pups,
You and your sons,
Antonio Grimani, ruin of Christians!

But it was of small use to torment the poor man and to make songs upon him. Venice was forced to make a commercial treaty with the Portuguese, to save herself from ruin.

Then came Charles VIII. of France and descended into Italy with fire and the sword, and Venice was drawn into new and disastrous Italian wars. So ended the fifteenth century.

THE DOGES OF VENICE

(ACCORDING TO ROMANIN)

NOTE.--_The Venetian year began on March first, whence the frequent
discrepancies between the dates given by different writers. In this
work every effort has been made to bring all dates under the usual
reckoning._

I. Paolo Lucio Anafesto elected 697 d. 717
Seat in Heraclea.
II. Marcello Tegaliano “ 717 “ 726
III. Orso Ipato “ 726 “ 737
(murdered). Seat in Malamocco.
(From 737 to 742, military governors called ‘Magistri Militum.’)
IV. Teodato Orso elected 742-755
(blinded and deposed).
V. Galla Gaulo “ 755-756
(blinded and exiled).
VI. Domenico Monegario “ 756-764
(blinded and deposed).
VII. Maurizio Galbaio “ 764 d. 787
VIII. Giovanni Galbaio and his son Maurizio “ 787-804
(both deposed).
IX. Obelerio with his sons Beato and Costantino “ 804 d. 811
(the father put to death as a traitor).
X. Agnello Partecipazio “ 811 “ 827
Seat henceforth in Rialto.
XI. Giustiniano Partecipazio “ 827 “ 829
XII. Giovanni Partecipazio I. “ 829-836
(deposed).
XIII. Pietro Tradonico “ 836 d. 864
(murdered).
XIV. Orso Partecipazio I. “ 864 “ 881
XV. Giovanni Partecipazio II. “ 881-888
(abdicated).
XVI. Pietro Candiano I. “ 888 d. 888
(killed in battle with pirates).
XVII. Pietro Tribuno “ 888 “ 912
XVIII. Orso Partecipazio II. (Badoer) “ 912-932
(abdicated and died a monk).
XIX. Pietro Candiano II. “ 932 d. 939
XX. Pietro Partecipazio (Badoer) “ 939 “ 942
XXI. Pietro Candiano III. “ 942 “ 959
XXII. Pietro Candiano IV. “ 959 “ 976
(murdered).
XXIII. Pietro Orseolo I. “ 976-978
(abdicated and died a monk, with the reputation of a saint).
XXIV. Vital Candiano “ 978-979
(abdicated and became a monk).
XXV. Tribuno Memmo “ 979 d. 991
XXVI. Pietro Orseolo II. “ 991 “ 1008
XXVII. Ottone Orseolo “ 1008-1026
(exiled to Constantinople).
XXVIII. Pietro Centranigo “ 1026-1032
(driven out).
XXIX. Domenico Flabianico “ 1032 d. 1043
XXX. Domenico Contarini “ 1043 “ 1071
XXXI. Domenico Selvo “ 1071 “ 1085
XXXII. Vital Falier “ 1085 “ 1096
XXXIII. Vital Michiel I. “ 1096 “ 1102
XXXIV. Ordelafo Falier “ 1102 “ 1118
(died in the Hungarian war).
XXXV. Domenico Michiel “ 1118 “ 1130
XXXVI. Pietro Polani “ 1130 “ 1148
XXXVII. Domenico Morosini “ 1148 “ 1156
XXXVIII. Vital Michiel II. “ 1156 “ 1172
(killed).
XXXIX. Sebastian Ziani “ 1172 “ 1178
XL. Orio Mastropiero “ 1178-1192
(abdicated and became a monk).
XLI. Enrico Dandolo “ 1192 d. 1205
(died in Constantinople).
XLII. Pietro Ziani “ 1205-1229
(abdicated).
XLIII. Jacopo Tiepolo “ 1229-1249
(abdicated).
XLIV. Marin Morosini “ 1249 d. 1253
XLV. Renier Zeno “ 1253 “ 1268
XLVI. Lorenzo Tiepolo “ 1268 “ 1275
XLVII. Jacopo Contarini “ 1275-1280
(abdicated).
XLVIII. Giovanni Dandolo “ 1280 d. 1289
XLIX. Pietro Gradenigo “ 1289 “ 1311
L. Marin Zorzi “ 1311 “ 1312
LI. Giovanni Soranzo “ 1312 “ 1329
LII. Francesco Dandolo “ 1329 “ 1339
LIII. Bartolommeo Gradenigo “ 1339 “ 1343
LIV. Andrea Dandolo “ 1343 “ 1354
LV. Marin Falier “ 1354 d. 1355
(beheaded April 17).
LVI. Giovanni Gradenigo “ 1355 “ 1356
LVII. Giovanni Dolfin “ 1356 “ 1361
LVIII. Lorenzo Celsi “ 1361 “ 1365
LIX. Marco Corner “ 1365 “ 1368
LX. Andrea Contarini “ 1368 “ 1383
LXI. Michel Morosini “ 1383 “ 1384
LXII. Antonio Venier “ 1384 “ 1400
LXIII. Michel Steno “ 1400 “ 1413
LXIV. Tommaso Mocenigo “ 1413 “ 1423
LXV. Francesco Foscari “ 1423-1457
(deposed, and died a few days later).
LXVI. Pasquale Malipiero “ 1457 d. 1462
LXVII. Cristoforo Moro “ 1462 “ 1471
LXVIII. Niccolò Tron “ 1471 “ 1474
LXIX. Niccolò Marcello “ 1474 “ 1474
LXX. Pietro Mocenigo “ 1474 “ 1476
LXXI. Andrea Vendramin “ 1476 “ 1478
LXXII. Giovanni Mocenigo “ 1478 “ 1485
LXXIII. Marco Barbarigo “ 1485 “ 1486
LXXIV. Agostino Barbarigo “ 1486 “ 1501
LXXV. Leonardo Loredan “ 1501 “ 1521
LXXVI. Antonio Grimani “ 1521 “ 1523
LXXVII. Andrea Gritti “ 1523 “ 1538
LXXVIII. Pietro Lando “ 1538 “ 1545
LXXIX. Francesco Donato “ 1545 “ 1553
LXXX. Marcantonio Trevisan “ 1553 “ 1554
LXXXI. Francesco Venier “ 1554 “ 1556
LXXXII. Lorenzo Priuli “ 1556 “ 1559
LXXXIII. Girolamo Priuli “ 1559 “ 1567
LXXXIV. Pietro Loredan “ 1567 “ 1570
LXXXV. Aloise (Luigi) Mocenigo “ 1570 “ 1577
LXXXVI. Sebastian Venier “ 1577 “ 1578
LXXXVII. Niccolò Da Ponte “ 1578 “ 1585
LXXXVIII. Pasquale Cicogna “ 1585 “ 1595
LXXXIX. Marin Grimani “ 1595 “ 1606
XC. Leonardo Donà “ 1606 “ 1612
XCI. Marcantonio Memmo “ 1612 “ 1615
XCII. Giovanni Bembo “ 1615 “ 1618
XCIII. Niccolò Donà “ 1618 “ 1618
XCIV. Antonio Priuli “ 1618 “ 1623
XCV. Francesco Contarini “ 1623 “ 1624
XCVI. Giovanni Corner “ 1624 “ 1630
XCVII. Niccolò Contarini “ 1630 “ 1631
XCVIII. Francesco Erizzo “ 1631 d. 1646
XCIX. Francesco Molin “ 1646 “ 1655
C. Carlo Contarini “ 1655 “ 1656
CI. Francesco Corner “ 1656 “ 1656
CII. Bertuccio Valier “ 1656 “ 1658
CIII. Giovanni Pesaro “ 1658 “ 1659
CIV. Domenico Contarini “ 1659 “ 1674
CV. Niccolò Sagredo “ 1674 “ 1676
CVI. Aloise Contarini “ 1676 “ 1683
CVII. Marcantonio Giustiniani “ 1683 “ 1688
CVIII. Francesco Morosini “ 1688 “ 1694
CIX. Silvestro Valier “ 1694 “ 1700
CX. Aloise Mocenigo “ 1700 “ 1709
CXI. Giovanni Corner “ 1709 “ 1722
CXII. Aloise Sebastian Mocenigo “ 1722 “ 1732
CXIII. Carlo Ruzzini “ 1732 “ 1735
CXIV. Luigi Pisani “ 1735 “ 1741
CXV. Pietro Grimani “ 1741 “ 1752
CXVI. Francesco Loredan “ 1752 “ 1762
CXVII. Marco Foscarini “ 1762 “ 1763
CXVIII. Aloise Mocenigo “ 1763 “ 1779
CXIX. Paolo Renier “ 1779 “ 1788
CXX. Ludovico Manin “ 1788-1797
(abdicated with the aristocratic government).

TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL DATES IN VENETIAN HISTORY

A.D. 421 (about) Venice founded by fugitives from Aquileia, Altinum, and Padua. (According to tradition on March 25, 421, at noon.) 697 Paulus Lucas Anafestus of Heraclea chosen as first Doge. 809 Pepin, son of Charlemagne, attempts to take Venice and is defeated. 828 (about) The body of Saint Mark is brought to Venice, and he is proclaimed protector of the Republic in place of Saint Theodore. 959 (about) The brides of Venice and their dowries are carried off by Istrian pirates. 975 The first basilica of Saint Mark is destroyed by fire. 998 Pietro Orseolo is acclaimed as Doge of Venice and Dalmatia. 998 The Emperor Otho III. visits Venice secretly. 1009 Venice is ravaged by the plague. 1099 Venetians defeat the Pisans off Rhodes. 1123 Defeat of the Turks at Jaffa. 1123 The Doge Domenico Michiel takes Tyre. 1167 Venice joins the Lombard League, with Verona, Padua, Milan, Bologna, and other cities. 1172 Institution of the Great Council, in which membership is open and elective. 1177 The Emperor Frederick Barbarossa makes submission to Pope Alexander III. at Venice. 1177 The ceremony of the Espousal of the Sea by the Doge instituted. 1202 (Oct. 8) The Venetian fleet sets out for the Fourth Crusade under the Doge Enrico Dandolo. 1204 (April 12) Constantinople taken by the Venetian and French forces. 1277 Membership in the Great Council limited to those of legitimate birth. 1297 Closure of the Great Council, in which membership becomes a privilege of the nobles. 1300 Conspiracy of Marino Bocconio. 1310 Conspiracy of Marco Quirini and Bajamonte Tiepolo. 1335 Permanent institution of the Council of Ten. 1348 Venice loses half her population by the plague. 1354 Conspiracy of Marino Faliero. 1379-80 War of Chioggia. 1404-54 During this time Venice possesses herself, on the mainland, of Padua, Ravenna, Verona, Treviso, Vicenza, Brescia, Bergamo, Feltre, Belluno, Crema, and Friuli. 1405 Carlo Zeno takes Padua from Carrara. 1426 League with Florence concluded. Brescia surrenders to the allied forces, the Venetian troops being commanded by Carmagnola. 1428 Bergamo surrenders to Carmagnola. 1432 (May 5) Carmagnola executed as a traitor to the Republic. 1437 Erasmo da Narni, nicknamed Gattamelata, is made commander of the Venetian army. 1449 Bartolommeo Colleoni is commander of the Venetian forces. 1453 (May 29) Constantinople taken by the Turks. Many Venetians are massacred and much Venetian property destroyed. 1477 Scutari, besieged by the Turks, is successfully defended by Antonio da Lezze. 1489 Venice annexes Cyprus, leaving Catharine Cornaro the empty title of its Queen. 1508 League of Cambrai, between the Emperor Maximilian, Pope Julius II., Louis XII. of France, and Ferdinand of Aragon. 1571 (Oct. 7) Battle of Lepanto won by the allied fleets of Venice, Genoa, the Holy See, and Spain, commanded respectively by Sebastiano Venier, Andrea Doria, and Marcantonio Colonna, under Don John of Austria as commander-in-chief. 1574 Visit of Henry III. of France. 1575-7 Venice, swept by the plague, loses one-fourth of her population, Titian among them. Church of the Redentore built to commemorate its cessation. 1577 (Dec. 20) Fire destroys the Hall of the Great Council, with many magnificent works of art. 1630 Another visitation of the plague, commemorated by the Church of the Salute.

1715-18 The Turks wrest from Venice Crete and the Peloponnesus.
1784 Angelo Emo, the last Venetian leader,
humbles the Bey of Tunis.
1788 Election of the 120th and last Doge, Ludovico Manin.
1796 The ceremony of the Espousal of the Sea by the Doge takes
place for the last time.
1797 (April 18) General Bonaparte, by the treaty of Campo-Formio, cedes
to Austria the Venetian provinces
between the Po, the Oglio,
and the Adriatic, in exchange for Romagna,
with Ferrara and Bologna.
1797 (May 12) The Doge Ludovico Manin abdicates, and the Great Council
accepts the Provisional Government required by General
Bonaparte.
1798 (Jan. 18) The Austrian garrison takes possession of Venice.
1866 (Oct. 19) Austria cedes Venice to Napoleon III., who transfers it to
Victor Emanuel II., King of Italy.

BOOKS CONSULTED

ALBERI, E. Relazioni degli ambasciatori Veneti. 15 vols.

ANONYMOUS. Monumenti artistici e storici delle Provincie venete descritti all’ Arciduca Ferdinando Massimiliano d’Austria da una commissione.

Archivio storico italiano, serie i. vol. viii.

Archivio Veneto, part i. voi. xi. 1871.

Ateneo Veneto (1865) (see below, CARRER).

BASCHET, ARMAND. Les Archives de Venise. Souvenirs d’une mission. Les Archives de Venise. Histoire de la Chancellerie secrète.

BEMBO. Delle istituzioni di beneficenza nella città e provincia di Venezia.

BONNAL. Chute d’une République. Venise d’après les archives secrètes de la République.

BROWN, H. F. Life on the Lagoons.

Venetian Studies. Venice. An historical Sketch of the Republic.

BROWN, RAWDON. Venetian Archives, with special reference to English History.

CARRER. Anello di sette gemme o Venezia e la sua storia.

CECCHETTI. Sull’ istituzione dei magistrati della R. Veneta fino al secolo XIII. (Ateneo Veneto for 1865).

Di alcuni dubbi nella storia di Venezia.

La R. di Venezia e la Corte di Roma nei rapporti della Religione. 2 vols.

Di alcuni appunti per la storia della medicina.

Il mercato delle erbe e del pesce a Venezia.

CICOGNA, EMANUELE. Iscrizioni Veneziane.

Della bibliografia Veneziana.

Cronaca Altinate (published by the Abbé Rossi in the Archivio storico Ital. vol. viii. series i.).

DA CANAL, MARTIN. Ibid.

DALMEDICO. Canti del popolo Veneziano.

D’ANCONA. Studi di critica e storia letteraria. Bologna, 1880.

DANDOLO. Appendice agli ultimi 50 anni della R. Veneta.

DARU. Histoire de la République de Venise. 7 vols.

DE GUBERNATIS E BERNONI. Usi nuziali.

EROLI, GIOVANNI. Erasmo Gattamelata da Narni, suoi monumenti e sua famiglia. Roma, 1876.

FIRMIN-DIDOT, AMBROISE. Alde Manuce et l’hellénisme à Venise. 1875.

FULIN. Soranza Soranzo e le sue compagne. Arch. Veneto, i., 1871.

Studi sugl’ Inquisitori di Stato (incomplete). Arch. Ven., i., 1871.

GALLICCIOLI. Delle memorie Venete antiche profane ed ecclesiastiche. 6 vols. Venezia, 1795.

GIRALDI, CINTIO. Hecatomithii.

GOLDONI, CARLO. Memorie per l’istoria della sua vita e del suo teatro.

HAZLITT. The Venetian Republic. 2 vols. 1900.

LAZZARINI. Il dialetto Veneziano fino alla morte di Dante.

Il doge Marin Faliero (from the Arch. Veneto).

MALAMANI, V. Giustina Renier Michiel, i suoi amici, il suo tempo. 1890.

MICHIEL, GIUSTINA RENIER. Della origine delle feste Veneziane. 3 vols.

MOLMENTI. I Banditi e i bravi della R. di Venezia. I calli e i canali di Venezia.

Il Carpaccio e il Tiepolo.

Le congiure del secolo XIII. a Venezia.

La Dogaressa di Venezia.

Storia di Venezia nella Vita privata.

Studi e ricerche.

Nuovi studi di storia e d’arte.

Vecchie storie.

Sebastian Veniero.

MUTINELLI, FABIO. Annali urbani.

Gli ultimi cinquant’ anni della R. di Venezia.

Il commercio Veneziano.

Il costume Veneziano.

Lessico Veneto.

NIEVO, IPPOLITO. Confessioni di un ottuagenario.

PETRARCH. Lettere Senili, Basle, vol. i.

PREVITI. Vita di Giordano Bruno.

QUADRI. Compendio della storia di Venezia.

Raccolta di leggi criminali veneziane, Pinelli.

ROMANIN. Storia documentata di Venezia. 10 vols.

SAGREDO. Delle consorterie delle arti edificatrici in Venezia.

SANSOVINO. Venetia città nobilissima e singolare descritta dal Sansovino, con nove e copiose aggiunte di D. Giustinian Martinoni. 1663.

SANUDO, MARIN. Diarii, voi. iii. e iv.

SCHUPFER. Manuale della storia del diritto.

SELVATICO E LAZZARI. Guida storica ed artistica di Venezia.

SISMONDI, SISMONDE DE. Histoire das Républiques Italiennes.

SMEDLEY, E. W. Sketches from Venetian History (Murray’s Family Library).

TASSINI. Le condanne capitali piu celebri della R. di Venezia.

Curiosità Veneziane.

Veronica Franco, cortigiana e poetessa.

THODE, HEINRICH. Der Ring des Frangipane.

URBAIN DE GHELTOF. Una lettera di Cristoforo Colombo ai Veneziani.

Technical History of Venetian Laces.

VECELLIO. Degli habiti antichi et moderni dei Veneziani (a rare copy coloured by himself).

VIVIANI. Vita di Galileo Galilei.

YRIARTE. Venise.

Vie d’un patricien de Venise au 16ᵉ siècle.

ZANETTI. Siti pittoreschi delle lagune Venete.

ZENO, JACOPO. Vita di Carlo Zeno, in Muratori Scriptores Rer. It. vol. xix.

INDEX

Abydos, 138

Achaia, Duke of, 358

Acre, 104

Adda, the, 450

Adelaide, Empress, 78, 79, 86

Adige, the, 406, 478

Adriatic, 121, 143, 163, 371, 372, 375, 377, 412, 439
campaign against pirates of the, 86-88

Agnello, Leonardo dall’, 414

Alaric, 13, 14

Albania, 485

Alessandria, 114

Alexandria, 40, 41

Alexis (Angelos), Emperor, 133, 134, 139
the Younger, 133-139

Altinum, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 25
Chronicle of, 19, 21

Amadeus of Savoy, 448

Amalfi, 94, 95, 96, 99

America, 470, 491, 492

Amiano, 108

Anafestus, Paulus Lucas. _See under_ Doges

Anagni, 116

Anapolis, 350

Ancona, 58, 378, 484

Ancona, Professor d’, 18

Andromachos, 307

Andronicus, 360-364

Andros, 138

Antiochus, 16

Antipope Victor IV., 112, 116, 117

Anzio, battle of, 375, 379

Apulia, 378, 405, 412

_Aquila_, the, 132

Aquileia, 11, 12, 15-17, 19, 25, 112
patriarch of, 113

Aquitaine, 83

Arator, 21

Arbo, 87

Arbo, Count of, 110

‘Archimicidium.’ _See_ Canal Orfano

Arengo, the, 31, 316

Aristocracy, development of Venetian, 164-184

Arius, 21

Arno, the, 97, 99

Arnold of Brescia, 110

Arrow manufactory, 207

Arsenal, the, 70, 213, 235, 236, 293, 338, 413

Asti, 114

Attila, 14-18

Austria, Duke of, 221, 222, 343, 344, 489

Autolinus, 22

Avignon, 317, 319, 355

Avogadori, the, 173, 174, 176, 185, 335, 437, 438

Azov, Sea of, 369

Azzone, Marquis, 189, 231

Babylonians, 59

Badoer, the, 38, 228
Alban, 442
Badoero, 235-239

Bajazet, Sultan, 492

Baldwin of Flanders, 136, 142

Baldwin II., 145

Bandinelli, Cardinal. _See_ Pope Alexander III.

Barattiere, Nicola, 181

Barbarella, the, 173, 179, 311

Barbarigo. _See under_ Doges

Baschet, M. Armand, 253

Basilica of Saint Mark, 106, 130, 242, 374, 381

Bavaria, Duke of, 428, 429

Beg, Zani, 370

Belegno, Filippo, 239
Vittor, 80

Bellini, 216

Belluno, 189

Bembo, Angelo, 246
Francesco, 442, 450
Marchesina, 377

Benevento, 116

Bergamo, 114, 479

Black Sea, 481, 483

Blacks and Whites, wars of the, 125

Boccaccio, 223, 306

Bocconio, Marino, 161-163, 202, 224, 241, 288
conspiracy of, 161, 226-228, 309

Bollani, Piero, 322, 323

Bologna, 114

Bordone, Paris, 266

Borgia, Cæsar, 429

Bosphorus, 138, 371

Bossone, Francesco. _See_ Carmagnola

Bows and arrows, 206-207

Braccio, 475, 476

Bragadin, Francesca, 377

Brandolini, Count, 476

Brazza, 87

Brenta, the, 9, 386, 401

Brescia, 114, 450, 453, 478, 479

Bridge. _See_ Ponte
dei Dai, 235, 237
of Saint Barnabas, 200

British Constitution, 419
Empire, 94

Brondolo, 384, 387, 400, 401, 405-409, 414

Brown, Horatio, 453
Rawdon, 339

Bucentaur, 202, 221, 286, 298, 318, 412

Buda, 382

Buddha, 419

Building, early methods of, 42

Bulgarians, 143

Bull of Excommunication, 232

Burgundy, Duke of, 488

Byron, Lord, 310, 338

Byzantine Empire, 104, 106, 479-480

Ca’ di Dio, the, 259-260

Cæsars, the Roman, 56

Caffa, port of, 292

Calabria, 98

Calendario, Filippo, 328, 332-334

Calle del Cappello, 242
dei Fabbri, 235

Callencerio, Niccoletto, 322

Calojohannes, Emperor, 360-364

Caloprini, the, 85, 86, 100

Camino, lords of, 189

Campanile, 47, 178, 179, 180

Canal, Martin da, 281

Canal Orfano, 32, 196, 256

Candia. _See_ Crete

Candiano, the, 73-82, 85, 90, 91, 100, 169.
_See also under_ Doges

Cane, Facino, 444-445

Cannaruoli, the, 196, 198, 199

Caorle lagoon, 72

Cape Corso, 369
of Good Hope, 492
d’Istria, 87, 319, 412
Malea, 138

Caravaggio, 162

Caravello, Marino, 442

Caresini, the chronicler, 315

Carmagnola, 423, 446-462, 474
trial and execution of, 456-458

Caroldo, 370

Carpaccio, 216

Carrara, the, 301-303, 314, 317, 354, 381-415, 424-436
Albertino, 301
Francesco, 381-415, 424-427, 431, 436
Francesco the Younger, 427-434, 436
Jacopo, 301
Marsilio di, 301-303
Taddea, 427-429
Ubertino, 303

Casoni, Giovanni, 338, 339

Castellani, the, 165, 194, 196, 198, 199, 201, 205
and Niccolotti, 190-218

Castracane, Castruccio, 189

Cavallarin, the, 209

Cavalli, Jacopo, 381

Cecchetti, 217

Celsi, Lorenzo. _See under_ Doges

Chamber of Commerce, Venetian, 483

Charities, public, 258-262

Charlemagne, 35, 50, 225

Charles II. of England, 181

Charles II. of Naples, 231

Charles IV. of Bohemia, 221, 319, 354, 357

Charles VIII. of France, 494

Chief of Militia, 32

Chinazzo, 398

Chioggia, 11, 117, 119, 224, 334
War of, 73, 308, 352, 369-415

Chronicle of Altinum, 19, 21

Church, Greek, 134, 139
Latin, 134

Church buildings, features of early Venetian, 46

Churches of--
the Frari, 425, 457, 458, 459, 474, 475
Saint Gemignano, 178
Saint John Chrysostom, 190
Saint Nicolas, 197, 204
Saint Sophia, 140
San Francesco della Vigna, 458
San Giacomo, 123
San Giovanni e Paolo, 338
San Maurizio, 263, 264
San Pietro d’Olivolo, 60
San Salvatore, 123
San Vito, 265
Sant’ Antonio, 413
Sant’ Apollinare, 122, 123
Santa Maria della Celestia, 436
Santa Maria Formosa, 287
Santa Sofia, 123

Cicero, 223

Clock Tower, the, 107, 177

Colleoni, Bartolommeo, 423, 484
monument of, 485

Columbus, Christopher, 402, 491
letter of, quoted, 491-492

Column of Saint Mark, 176, 183
of Saint Theodore, 182, 183

Comnenos, Emperor Manuel, 106, 109, 130

Competitions, popular, 194, 200

Condottieri, rise of the, 420-423

Conrad, Emperor, 110

Conspiracies in Venice--
of Marino Bocconio, 161, 226-228, 309
of Marino Faliero, 161, 309-341, 378
of the Tiepolo-Quirini, 228-242, 288, 309

Constantinople, 12, 13, 33, 35, 104-106, 109, 364, 470, 471, 482, 483, 492
Latins of, 143
taken by Turks, 480
taken by Venetians and French, 129-144
Venice and, 124-146

Contarini, the, 332
Andrea. _See under_ Doges
Antonio, 442
Cristina, 316
Leonardo, 465
Lucrezia, 465
Tommasina, 315

Convents of--
Saint Hilary, 78
Saint Lawrence, 340
Saint Zacharias, 74, 85
Santa Maria di Valverde, 246
Sta. Maria delle Vergini, 243, 244, 293, 459

Corfu, 138, 439

Cornaro, Catharine, 490-491
Federico, 401

Corner, Caterina, 352
Giorgio, 462-465
Marco. _See under_ Doges

Coronation of the Dogess, 297-300

Coronota, 87

‘Correctors,’ 151

Corso, Zuan da, 333

Corsola, 87

Council, the Great. _See_ Great Council

Council of Forty, 150, 169, 171, 172, 175, 235, 308, 316, 317, 321-323

Council of Ten, 245-254, 293, 311, 333-340, 350,
434, 437, 456, 458, 460, 465-474
permanent institution of, 248

Crema, 111

Cremona, 114

Crete (Candia), 143, 304, 343
revolts in, 344-350, 374

Crimea, the, 370

Croatia, King of, 90

Cross-bow, 206

Crusade, the Fourth, 126-144

Crusades, Venice and the first, 93-109

Currency, leather, 105

Cyclades, the, 143

Cyprus, annexation of, by Venice, 490-491
King of, 344, 357

Dalmatia, 36, 87, 88, 109, 116, 133, 292, 374, 377, 412, 439, 485
Duke of, 88

Dandolo, Agnese, 354
Donato, 345
Federigo, 247
Giovanni, 325, 326
Leonardo, 381
Regina, 325
_See also under_ Doges

Dante, 189, 260

Dardanelles, 367

Daru, 184, 370, 392, 424, 434, 465, 471

Districts in Venice, 196

Doge, the, laws reforming election of, 148-153
palace of, 46
titles of, 143, 146
unlimited power of, 148
fishermen’s, 202-205

Doges--
Anafestus, Paulus Lucas, 31, 195
Barbarigo, Agostino, 489
Marco, 489
Candiano, Pietro III., 70, 73, 278
Pietro IV., 74-78, 85, 90, 275
Vitale, 85
Celsi, Lorenzo, 343-351
Contarini, Andrea, 224, 352, 374-414
Corner, Marco, 351-352, 464
Dandolo, Andrea, 304-308, 316, 371
Chronicle of, 74, 91, 308
Enrico, 5, 126-142, 153, 224, 482
Francesco, 296-304
Giovanni, 169, 170
Dolfin, Giovanni, 342
Faliero, Marino, 161-163, 202, 308-342, 350, 371, 373
conspiracy of, 161, 309-341, 378
trial and execution of, 334-338
Ordelafo, 109
Flabianico, Domenico, 91, 148
Foscari, Francesco, 442, 443-474
Gradenigo, Bartolommeo, 304
Giovanni, 335, 336, 342
Gradenigo, Pietro, 170, 171, 288, 289, 301, 310
conspiracy against, 228-242
Malipieri, Pasquale, 473
Mastropiero, Orio, 153-156
Michel, Domenico, 105, 181
Vital II., 108
Mocenigo, Tomaso, 436, 438-442, 444, 445, 448
speech of, quoted, 440-442
Morosini, Michele, 415
Obelerio, 36-37
Orseolo, Ottone, 90, 91
Pietro I., 47, 78, 79, 82-85, 157
Pietro II., 86-91, 118
Orso, 33
Partecipazio, Agnello, 38
Soranzo, Giovanni, 238-240, 242, 243, 291-295
captivity of the daughter of, 242-245, 293-294
Steno, Michel, 364, 436, 438, 439
Tiepolo, Jacopo, 153, 156-159, 170, 228
Lorenzo, 228, 298
Zeno, Ranier, 281
Ziani, Pietro, 243
Sebastian, 118, 122, 152, 153
Zorzi, Marin, 291, 292

Dolfin, Giovanni. _See under_ Doges

Donà, Marco, 235, 241

Donato, Ermolao, 469

Doria, Luciano, 371, 372, 379, 380
Pietro, 380, 381, 390, 406, 407

Doro, the, 228

Dress in early Venice, 28, 51-52

‘Ducal promise,’ 151, 296, 298, 319

Dumas the elder, 354

Durazzo, 138, 143

Dwelling-houses, features of early Venetian, 44-46

Edward III. of England, 304

Egbert, 44

Election of the Doge, 148-153

Elena, love-story of, 80-82

Emo, Pietro, 387

Empire of Constantinople, 129-144
German, 230
Greek, 134, 145

Eneti, the, 4

England, 94, 124, 304, 470, 488

Equilio, tribune of, 31, 32, 196
war between Heraclea and, 32, 196

Eroli, Marchese, 476, 477

‘Espousal of the Sea,’ ceremony of the, 118-119, 202, 208

Este, the, 231, 301

Exarch Paul, 32

Faliero, Anna, 377
Lucia, 315
Marco, 311
Niccolò, 333, 335
Piero, 321, 322
Santino, 325
Saray, 321
_See also under_ Doges

Famine, 91

Feasts of--
All Saints, 265
the Ascension, 110
the Maries, 73, 273, 278-287
Martin da Canal’s description of, 281-285
the Purification, 73
Saint Barbara, 173

Feltre, bishop of, 356

Ferrara, 76, 109, 114, 116, 289, 292
Duke of, 406, 485, 488
war between Venice and, 230-232, 488

Feuds, family, 100, 196, 321

Fieschi, admiral, 375

Fishermen’s Doge, 202-205

Flabianico Domenico. _See under_ Doges

Florence, 97, 100, 210, 258, 260, 301, 306, 444, 445, 448, 449

Forum, 61

‘Forze d’Ercole,’ 200

Foscari, Francesco. _See under_ Doges
Jacopo, 444, 465-472
Marco, 473

Fourrier, 419

France, 113, 120, 126, 188, 488

Franks, 35, 37, 51

Frederick Barbarossa, 110-122

French Crusaders, Venice and, 126-144
Revolutionaries, 472

Frezzeria, the, 207

Friuli, 50, 439, 453, 485

Fulk of Neuilly, 126

Funerals, 274-275

Gabaro, 303

Games, public, 205

Gaming establishments, 181-184

Garda, Lake of, 478

Gattamelata, Erasmo, 423, 474, 476, 477, 484

Geminianus, 21, 47

General Assembly, 150

Genoa, 94, 95, 97, 100, 101, 103, 114, 121, 144, 145,
146, 228, 286, 306, 317, 319, 413, 424
in the War of Chioggia, 369-415

Genoese, the, 292, 304, 305, 313, 314, 325, 329, 342,
346, 364-367

Germanic influence in Venetia, 110-123

Germany, 111, 114, 134, 293

Gheltof, M. Urbain de, 491

Ghibelline party, 99, 233

‘Giants’ Staircase,’ 296, 310, 319

Gibbon, 139

Gioia, Flavio, 95

Giudecca, the, 50, 398, 399

Giustiniani, the, 108, 360, 443
Chronicle, the, 315
Federigo, 341
Stefano, 289-290
Taddeo, 317, 382-384, 391, 394, 410

Glass-making, 188, 211, 212

Gold, William, 406, 412

‘Golden Book,’ the, 185, 241, 395, 477

Gondola, 48-49

Gonzaga, the, 301
Ludovico, 189

Goths’ invasion, 13-14

Gradenigo, Engoldisia, 340
Fiordalise, 340
Giovanni, 78
Ludovica, 315, 324, 340-341
_See also under_ Doges

Grado, 11, 21, 41
patriarch of, 117, 120, 196

Grand Canal, 39, 93, 180, 207, 210, 221, 223, 466, 467

Great Council, the, 125, 149-153, 155, 211,
217, 227, 229, 239, 241, 251, 280, 308,
311, 316, 324, 414, 437, 438, 447, 473

Great Council, the, closure of, 164-175
membership limited to those of legitimate birth, 169
origin of, 149

Grebe-shooting, 52

Greece, 87, 106-109, 377
Emperor of, 113

Greeks, influence of the, 29, 33, 35

Grimaldi, Napoleone, 407, 408

Grimani, Antonio, ambassador, 78, 79
Antonio, admiral, 493-494

Grossis, Gaspare de, 462, 463

Gualdrada, Dogess, 75, 78-80

Guilds of arts and trades, 210-218, 298-300

Guoro, Gherardo, 80

‘Hall of the fireplace,’ 44

Hapsburg family, 56

Hawkwood, John, 407, 428

Hazlitt, Mr., _The Venetian Republic_, 83, 432-434

Heraclea, 28, 32, 33, 196

Heraldry, 208-210

Hermes of Olympia, the, 7

High Chancellor, 176, 177, 184-186, 202, 249, 252, 297, 335, 443

Hildebrand. _See_ Pope Gregory VII.

Holy Land, the, 100, 104, 132, 133, 134
Roman Empire, 56, 78, 85
War, 132

Homer, 7, 223

‘Hose Club,’ the, 436

Hospice of the Pietà, 262

‘House of the Miracle of the Mortar,’ 242

Hugh the Count of Saint Paul, 136

Hughes, Thomas, 419

Hugo, Victor, 86, 354

Hungary, 133
King of, 90, 109, 221, 304, 377, 381, 382