Chapter XV: Section II: Inorganic Matter

1. Solid Matter

#321. Density..—N. density, solidity; solidness &c. adj.; impenetrability, impermeability; incompressibility; imporosity[obs3]; cohesion &c. 46; constipation, consistence, spissitude|. specific gravity; hydrometer, areometer[obs3]. condensation; caseation[obs3]; solidation[obs3], solidification; consolidation; concretion, coagulation; petrification &c. (hardening) 323; crystallization, precipitation; deposit, precipitate; inspissation[obs3]; gelation, thickening &c. v. indivisibility, indiscerptibility[obs3], insolubility, indissolvableness. solid body, mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum|; legumin[obs3]. superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star. V. be dense &c. adj.; become solid, render solid &c. adj.; solidify, solidate[obs3]; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize; petrify &c. (harden) 323. condense, thicken, gel, inspissate[obs3], incrassate[obs3]; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate. Adj. dense, solid; solidified &c. v.; caseous; pukka[obs3]; coherent, cohesive &c. 46; compact, close, serried, thickset; substantial, massive, lumpish[obs3]; impenetrable, impermeable, nonporous, imporous[obs3]; incompressible; constipated; concrete &c. (hard) 323; knotted, knotty; gnarled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous|, stuffy. undissolved, unmelted[obs3], unliquefied[obs3], unthawed[obs3]. indivisible, indiscerptible[obs3], infrangible[obs3], indissolvable[obs3], indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.

#322. Rarity.—N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c. 321;
#
subtility[obs3]; subtilty[obs3], subtlety; sponginess, compressibility.
rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation,
subtilization[obs3].
vaporization, evaporation, diffusion, gassification[obs3].
ether &c. (gas) 334.
V. rarefy, expand, dilate, subtilize[obs3].
Adj. rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy,
slight;
light &c. 320; cavernous, spongy &c. (hollow) 252.
rarefied &c. v.; unsubstantial; uncompact[obs3],
incompressed[obs3];
rarefiable[obs3].

#323. Hardness.—N. hardness &c. adj.; rigidity; renitence[obs3], renitency; inflexibility, temper, callosity, durity [obs3]. induration, petrifaction; lapidification[obs3], lapidescence[obs3]; vitrification, ossification; crystallization. stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. V. render hard &c. adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitrify; accrust[obs3]. Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, starched; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated; gritty, proof. adamant, adamantine, adamantean[obs3]; concrete, stony, granitic, calculous, lithic[obs3], vitreous; horny, corneous[obs3]; bony; osseous, ossific[obs3]; cartilaginous; hard as a rock &c. n.; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker; stiff as starch, stiff as a board.

#324. Softness.—N. softness, pliableness &c. adj.; flexibility;
#
pliancy, pliability; sequacity[obs3], malleability; ductility,
tractility[obs3]; extendibility, extensibility; plasticity;
inelasticity,
flaccidity, laxity.
penetrability.
clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding; alumina, argil; cushion,
pillow,
feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam.
mollification; softening &c.v.
V. render -soft &c. adj.; soften, mollify, mellow, relax, temper;
mash, knead, squash.
bend, yield, relent, relax, give.
plasticize'.
Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile;
lithe,
lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile[obs3], tractable;
malleable, extensile, sequacious[obs3], inelastic; aluminous[obs3];
remollient[obs3].
yielding &c. v.; flabby, limp, flimsy.
doughy, spongy, penetrable, foamy, cushiony[obs3].
flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous[obs3],
medullary[Anat], argillaceous, mellow.
soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax,
tender as
chicken.

#325. Elasticity.—N. elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience,
#
renitency, buoyancy.
rubber, India(n) rubber, latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum
elastic,
baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna-S, plastic.
flexibility, Young's modulus.
V. stretch, flex, extend, distend, be elastic &c. adj.; bounce,
spring
back &c. (recoil) 277.
Adj. elastic, flexible, tensile, spring, resilient, renitent,
buoyant;
ductile, stretchable, extendable.
Phr. the stress is proportional to the strain.

#326. Inelasticity.—N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity # &c. 325; inelasticity &c. (softness) 324, Adj. unyielding, inelastic, inflexible &c. (soft) 324; irresilient[obs3].

#327. Tenacity.—N. {ant. 328} tenacity, toughness, strength; # (cohesion) 46; grip, grasp, stickiness, (cohesion) 46; sequacity[obs3]; stubbornness &c. (obstinacy); glue, cement, glutinousness[obs3], sequaciousness[obs3], viscidity, (semiliquidity) 352. leather; white leather, whitleather[obs3]; gristle, cartilage. unbreakability, tensile strength. V. be tenacious &c. adj.; resist fracture. grip, grasp, stick (cohesion) 46. Adj. tenacious, tough, strong, resisting, sequacious[obs3], stringy, gristly cartilaginous, leathery, coriaceous[obs3], tough as whitleather[obs3]; stubborn &c. (obstinate) 606. unbreakable, indivisible; atomic.

#328. Brittleness.—N. {ant. 327} brittleness &c. adj.; fragility, friability, frangibility, fissibility[obs3]; house of cards, house of glass. V. be brittle &c. adj.; live in a glass house. break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splinter, crumble, break short, burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces; crumble to, crumble into dust. Adj. brittle, brash [U.S.], breakable, weak, frangible, fragile, frail, gimcrack|, shivery, fissile; splitting &c. v.; lacerable[obs3], splintery, crisp, crimp, short, brittle as glass.

#329. [Structure.] Texture.—N. structure (form) 240, organization, # anatomy, frame, mold, fabric, construction; framework, carcass, architecture; stratification, cleavage. substance, stuff, compages[obs3], parenchyma[Biol]; constitution, staple, organism. [Science of structures] organography[obs3], osteology, myology, splanchnology[obs3], neurology, angiography[obs3], adeology[obs3]; angiography[obs3], adenography[obs3]. texture, surface texture; intertexture[obs3], contexture[obs3]; tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and weft; tooth, nap &c. (roughness) 256; flatness (smoothness) 255; fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods. silk, satin; muslin, burlap. [Science of textures] histology. Adj. structural, organic; anatomic, anatomical. textural, textile; fine grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate, subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse; homespun. rough, gritty; smooth. smooth as silk, smooth as satin.

#330. Pulverulence.—N. powderiness[obs3][State of powder.], pulverulence[obs3]; sandiness &c. adj.; efflorescence; friability. powder, dust, sand, shingle; sawdust; grit; meal, bran, flour, farina, rice, paddy, spore, sporule[obs3]; crumb, seed, grain; particle &c. (smallness) 32; limature|, filings, debris, detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs[obs3], magistery[obs3], fine powder; flocculi[Lat]. smoke; cloud of dust, cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke, volume of smoke; sand storm, dust storm. [Reduction to powder] pulverization, comminution[obs3], attenuation, granulation, disintegration, subaction[obs3], contusion, trituration[Chem], levigation[obs3], abrasion, detrition, multure[obs3]; limitation; tripsis[obs3]; filing &c.v.. [Instruments for pulverization] mill, arrastra[obs3], gristmill, grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater, teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern[obs3], quern[obs3], koniology[obs3]. V. come to dust; be disintegrated, be reduced to powder &c. reduce to powder, grind to powder; pulverize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate[obs3]; scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund[obs3]; beat, crush, cranch[obs3], craunch[obs3], crunch, scranch[obs3], crumble, disintegrate; attenuate &c. 195. Adj. powdery, pulverulent[obs3], granular, mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny[obs3], furfuraceous[obs3], flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous[obs3], psammous[obs3]; arenose[obs3], arenarious[obs3], arenaceous[obs3]; gritty, efflorescent, impalpable; lentiginous[obs3], lepidote[obs3], sabuline[obs3]; sporaceous[obs3], sporous[obs3]. pulverizable; friable, crumbly, shivery; pulverized &c. v.; attrite[obs3]; in pieces.

#331. Friction.—N. friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion, scraping # &c. v.; confrication|, detrition, contrition|, affriction[obs3], abrasion, arrosion|, limature|, frication[obs3], rub; elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness &c. 256. rolling friction, sliding friction, starting friction. V. rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind &c. (reduce to powder) 330. set one's teeth on edge; rosin. Adj. anatriptic[obs3]; attrite[obs3].

#332. [Absence of friction. Prevention of friction.] Lubrication.—
#
N. smoothness &c. 255; unctuousness &c. 355.
lubrication, lubrification[obs3]; anointment; oiling &c. v.
synovia[Anat]; glycerine, oil, lubricating oil, grease &c. 356;
saliva; lather.
teflon.
V. lubricate, lubricitate|; oil, grease, lather, soap; wax.
Adj. lubricated &c. v.; lubricous.

2. FLUID MATTER

_1. Fluids in General_

#333. Fluidity.—N. fluidity, liquidity; liquidness &c. adj[obs3].;
#
gaseity &c. 334[obs3].
fluid, inelastic fluid; liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap,
serum, blood, serosity[obs3], gravy, rheum, ichor[obs3], sanies[obs3];
chyle[Med].
solubility, solubleness[obs3].
[Science of liquids at rest] hydrology, hydrostatics,
hydrodynamics.
V. be fluid &c. adj.; flow &c. (water in motion) 348; liquefy,
melt,
condense &c. 335.
Adj. liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, succulent, sappy;
ichorous[obs3];
fluent &c. (flowing) 348.
liquefied &c. 335; uncongealed; soluble.

#334. Gaseity.—N. gaseity[obs3]; vaporousness &c. adj.; flatulence, # flatulency; volatility; aeration, aerification. elastic fluid, gas, air, vapor, ether, steam, essence, fume, reek, effluvium, flatus; cloud &c. 353; ammonia, ammoniacal gas[obs3]; volatile alkali; vacuum, partial vacuum. [Science of elastic fluids] pneumatics, pneumatostatics[obs3]; aerostatics[obs3], aerodynamics. gasmeter[obs3], gasometer[obs3]; air bladder, swimming bladder, sound (of a fish). V. vaporize, evaporate, evanesce, gasify, emit vapor &c. 336; diffuse. Adj. gaseous, aeriform[obs3], ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous, volatile, evaporable[obs3], flatulent.

#335. Liquefaction.—N. liquefaction; liquescence[obs3], liquescency[obs3]; melting &c. (heat) 384; colliquation|, colliquefaction|; thaw; liquation|, deliquation|, deliquescence; lixiviation[obs3], dissolution. solution, apozem[obs3], lixivium[obs3], infusion, flux. solvent, menstruum, alkahest[obs3]. V. render liquid &c. 333; liquefy, run; deliquesce; melt &c. (heat) 384; solve; dissolve, resolve; liquate|; hold in solution; condense, precipitate, rain. Adj. liquefied &c. v., liquescent, liquefiable; deliquescent, soluble, colliquative[obs3].

#336. Vaporization.—N. vaporization, volatilization; gasification,
#
evaporation, vaporation[obs3]; distillation, cupellation[Chem],
cohobation,
sublimination[obs3], exhalation; volatility.
vaporizer, still, retort; fumigation, steaming; bay salt, chloride
of
sodium|!.
mister, spray.
bubble, effervescence.
V. render -gaseous &c. 334; vaporize, volatilize; distill,
sublime;
evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapor, fume, reek, steam,
fumigate; cohobate[obs3]; finestill[obs3].
bubble, sparge, effervesce, boil.
Adj. volatilized &c. v.; reeking &c. v.; volatile;
evaporable[obs3],
vaporizable.
bubbly, effervescent, boiling.

_2. Specific Fluids_

#337. Water.—N. water; serum, serosity[obs3]; lymph; rheum; diluent; agua[Sp], aqua, pani[obs3]. dilution, maceration, lotion; washing &c. v.; immersion|, humectation[obs3], infiltration, spargefaction|, affusion[obs3], irrigation, douche, balneation[obs3], bath. deluge &c. (water in motion) 348; high water, flood tide. V. be watery &c. adj.; reek. add water, water, wet; moisten &c. 339; dilute, dip, immerse; merge; immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; soak, steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe, affuse[obs3], splash, swash, douse, drench; dabble, slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge; syringe, inject, gargle. Adj. watery, aqueous, aquatic, hydrous, lymphatic; balneal[obs3], diluent; drenching &c. v.; diluted &c. v.; weak; wet &c. (moist) 339. Phr. the waters are out.

#338. Air.—N. air &c. (gas) 334; common air, atmospheric air; # atmosphere; aerosphere[obs3]. open air; sky, welkin; blue sky; cloud &c. 353. weather, climate, rise and fall of the barometer, isobar. [Science of air] aerology, aerometry[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3], aerography[obs3]; meteorology, climatology; pneumatics; eudioscope[obs3], baroscope[obs3], aeroscope[obs3], eudiometer[obs3], barometer, aerometer[obs3]; aneroid, baroscope[obs3]; weather gauge, weather glass, weather cock. exposure to the air, exposure to the weather; ventilation; aerostation[obs3], aeronautics, aeronaut. V. air, ventilate, fan &c. (wind) 349. Adj. containing air, flatulent, effervescent; windy &c. 349. atmospheric, airy; aerial, aeriform[obs3]; meteorological; weatherwise[obs3]. Adv. in the open air, a la belle etoile[Fr], al fresco; sub jove dio[Lat].

#339. Moisture.—N. moisture; moistness &c. adj.; humidity,
#
humectation[obs3]; madefaction|, dew; serein[obs3]; marsh &c. 345;
hygrometry, hygrometer.
V. moisten, wet; humect[obs3], humectate[obs3]; sponge, damp,
bedew;
imbue, imbrue, infiltrate, saturate; soak, drench &c. (water) 337.
be moist &c. adj.; not have a dry thread; perspire &c. (exude)
295.
Adj. moist, damp; watery &c. 337; madid[obs3], roric[obs3];
undried[obs3], humid, sultry, wet, dank, luggy[obs3], dewy; roral|,
rorid|;
roscid[obs3]; juicy.
wringing wet, soaking wet; wet through to the skin; saturated &c.
v.
swashy[obs3], soggy, dabbled; reeking, dripping, soaking, soft,
sodden,
sloppy, muddy; swampy &c. (marshy) 345; irriguous[obs3].

#340. Dryness.—N. dryness &c. adj.; siccity[obs3], aridity,
#
drought, ebb tide, low water.
exsiccation|, desiccation; arefaction|, dephlegmation|, drainage;
drier.
[CHEMSUB which renders dry] desiccative, dessicator.
[device to render dry] dessicator; hair drier, clothes drier, gas
drier, electric drier; vacuum oven, drying oven, kiln; lyophilizer.
clothesline.
V. be dry &c. adj..
[transitive] render dry &c. adj.; dry; dry up, soak up; sponge,
swab,
wipe; drain.
desiccate, dehydrate, exsiccate[obs3]; parch.
kiln dry; vacuum dry, blow dry, oven dry; hang out to dry.
mummify.
be fine, hold up.
Adj. dry, anhydrous, arid; adust[obs3], arescent|; dried &c. v.;
undamped; juiceless[obs3], sapless; sear; husky; rainless, without
rain,
fine; dry as a bone, dry as dust, dry as a stick, dry as a mummy, dry
as a
biscuit.
water proof, water tight.
dehydrated, dessicated.

#341. Ocean—N. sea, ocean, main, deep, brine, salt water, waves, # billows, high seas, offing, great waters, watery waste, "vasty deep"; wave, tide, &c. (water in motion) 348. hydrography, hydrographer; Neptune, Poseidon, Thetis, Triton, Naiad, Nereid; sea nymph, Siren; trident, dolphin. Adj. oceanic; marine, maritime; pelagic, pelagian; seagoing; hydrographic; bathybic[obs3], cotidal[obs3]. Adv. at sea, on sea; afloat.

#342. Land.—N. land, earth, ground, dry land, terra firma. # continent, mainland, peninsula, chersonese[Fr], delta; tongue of land, neck of land; isthmus, oasis; promontory &c. (projection) 250; highland &c. (height) 206. coast, shore, scar, strand, beach; playa; bank, lea; seaboard, seaside, seabank[obs3], seacoast, seabeach[obs3]; ironbound coast; loom of the land; derelict; innings; alluvium, alluvion[obs3]; ancon. riverbank, river bank, levee. soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, cledge[obs3], chalk, gravel, mold, subsoil, clod, clot; rock, crag. acres; real estate &c. (property) 780; landsman[obs3]. V. land, come to land, set foot on the soil, set foot on dry land; come ashore, go ashore, debark. Adj. earthy, continental, midland, coastal, littoral, riparian; alluvial; terrene &c. (world) 318; landed, predial[obs3], territorial; geophilous[obs3]; ripicolous. Adv. ashore; on shore, on land.

#343. Gulf. Lake—N. land covered with water, gulf, gulph[obs3], bay, inlet, bight, estuary, arm of the sea, bayou [U.S.], fiord, armlet; frith[obs3], firth, ostiary|, mouth; lagune[obs3], lagoon; indraught[obs3]; cove, creek; natural harbor; roads; strait; narrows; Euripus; sound, belt, gut, kyles[obs3]; continental slope, continental shelf. lake, loch, lough[obs3], mere, tarn, plash, broad, pond, pool, lin[obs3], puddle, slab, well, artesian well; standing water, dead water, sheet of water; fish pond, mill pond; ditch, dike, dyke, dam; reservoir &c. (store) 636; alberca[obs3], barachois[obs3], hog wallow [U.S.]. Adj. lacustrine[obs3].

#344. Plain.—N. plain, table-land, face of the country; open country, champaign country[obs3]; basin, downs, waste, weary waste, desert, wild, steppe, pampas, savanna, prairie, heath, common, wold[obs3], veldt; moor, moorland; bush; plateau &c. (level) 213; campagna[obs3]; alkali flat, llano; mesa, mesilla [obs3][U.S.], playa; shaking prairie, trembling prairie; vega[Sp]. meadow, mead, haugh[obs3], pasturage, park, field, lawn, green, plat, plot, grassplat[obs3], greensward, sward, turf, sod, heather; lea, ley, lay; grounds; maidan[obs3], agostadero[obs3]. Adj. champaign[obs3], alluvial; campestral[obs3], campestrial[obs3], campestrian[obs3], campestrine[obs3].

#345. Marsh.—N. marsh, swamp, morass, marish[obs3], moss, fen, bog, quagmire, slough, sump, wash; mud, squash, slush; baygall [obs3][U.S.], cienaga[obs3], jhil[obs3], vlei[obs3]. Adj. marsh, marshy; swampy, boggy, plashy[obs3], poachy[obs3], quaggy[obs3], soft; muddy, sloppy, squashy; paludal[obs3]; moorish, moory; fenny.

#346. Island.—N. island, isle, islet, eyot[obs3], ait[obs3], # holf[obs3], reef, atoll, breaker; archipelago; islander. Adj. insular, seagirt; archipelagic[obs3].

_3. Fluids in Motion_

#347. [Fluid in motion.] Stream.—N. stream &c. (of water) 348, (of # air) 349. flowmeter. V. flow &c. 348; blow &c. 349.

#348. [Water in motion.] River.—N. running water.
jet, spirt[obs3], spurt, squirt, spout, spray, splash, rush, gush,
jet d'eau[Fr]; sluice. water spout, water fall; cascade, force,
foss[obs3]; lin[obs3], linn[obs3]; ghyll[obs3], Niagara; cataract,
rapids, white water, catadupe|, cataclysm; debacle, inundation,
deluge; chute, washout. rain, rainfall; serein[obs3]; shower,
scud; downpour; driving rain, drenching rain, cloudburst;
hyetology[obs3], hyetography[obs3]; predominance of
Aquarius[obs3], reign of St. Swithin; mizzle[obs3], drizzle,
stillicidum[obs3], plash; dropping &c. v.; falling weather;
northeaster, hurricane, typhoon. stream, course, flux, flow,
profluence[obs3]; effluence &c. (egress) 295; defluxion[obs3];
flowing &c. v.; current, tide, race, coulee. spring, artesian
well, fount, fountain; rill, rivulet, gill, gullet, rillet[obs3];
streamlet, brooklet; branch [U.S.]; runnel, sike[obs3], burn,
beck, creek, brook, bayou, stream, river; reach, tributary.
geyser, spout, waterspout. body of water, torrent, rapids, flush,
flood, swash; spring tide, high tide, full tide; bore, tidal bore,
eagre[obs3], hygre[obs3]; fresh, freshet; indraught[obs3], reflux,
undercurrent, eddy, vortex, gurge[obs3], whirlpool, Maelstrom,
regurgitation, overflow; confluence, corrivation|. wave, billow,
surge, swell, ripple; ἀνήριθμον γέλασμα[obs3][Grk]; beach comber,
riffle [U.S.], rollers, ground swell, surf, breakers, white
horses, whitecaps; rough sea, heavy sea, high seas, cross sea,
long sea, short sea, chopping sea. [Science of fluids in motion]
hydrodynamics; hydraulics, hydraulicostatics[obs3]; rain gauge,
flowmeter; pegology[obs3]. irrigation &c. (water) 337; pump;
watering pot, watering cart; hydrant, syringe; garden hose, lawn
spray; bhisti[obs3], mussuk[obs3]. V. flow, run; meander; gush,
pour, spout, roll, jet, well, issue; drop, drip, dribble, plash,
spirtle[obs3], trill, trickle, distill, percolate; stream,
overflow, inundate, deluge, flow over, splash, swash;
guggle[obs3], murmur, babble, bubble, purl, gurgle, sputter,
spurt, spray, regurgitate; ooze, flow out &c. (egress) 295. rain
hard, rain in torrents, rain cats and dogs, rain pitchforks; pour
with rain, drizzle, spit, set in; mizzle[obs3]. flow into, fall
into, open into, drain into; discharge itself, disembogue[obs3].
[Cause a flow] pour; pour out &c. (discharge) 297; shower down,
irrigate, drench &c. (wet) 337; spill, splash. [Stop a flow]
stanch; dam, up &c. (close) 261; obstruct &c. 706. Adj. fluent;
diffluent[obs3], profluent[obs3], affluent; tidal; flowing &c. v.;
meandering, meandry[obs3], meandrous[obs3]; fluvial, fluviatile;
streamy[obs3], showery, rainy, pluvial, stillicidous|;
stillatitious[obs3]. Phr. "for men may come and men may go but I
go on forever" [Tennyson]; "that old man river, he just keeps
rolling along" [Showboat].

#349. [Air in motion] Wind.—N.. wind, draught, flatus, afflatus, efflation[obs3], eluvium[obs3]; air; breath, breath of air; puff, whiff, zephyr; blow, breeze, drift; aura; stream, current, jet stream; undercurrent. gust, blast, squall, gale, half a gale, storm, tempest, hurricane, whirlwind, tornado, samiel, cyclone, anticyclone, typhoon; simoon[obs3], simoom; harmattan[obs3], monsoon, trade wind, sirocco, mistral, bise[obs3], tramontane, levanter; capful of wind; fresh breeze, stiff breeze; keen blast; blizzard, barber [Can.], candelia[obs3], chinook, foehn, khamsin[obs3], norther, vendaval[obs3], wuther[obs3]. windiness &c. adj.; ventosity|; rough weather, dirty weather, ugly weather, stress of weather; dirty sky, mare's tail; thick squall, black squall, white squall. anemography[obs3], aerodynamics; wind gauge, weathercock, vane, weather-vane, wind sock; anemometer, anemoscope[obs3]. sufflation[obs3], insufflation[obs3], perflation[obs3], inflation, afflation[obs3]; blowing, fanning &c. v.; ventilation. sneezing &c.v.: errhine[obs3]; sternutative[obs3], sternutatory[obs3]; sternutation; hiccup, hiccough; catching of the breath. Eolus, Boreas, Zephyr, cave of Eolus. air pump, air blower, lungs, bellows, blowpipe, fan, ventilator, punkah[obs3]; branchiae[obs3], gills, flabellum[obs3], vertilabrum[obs3]. whiffle ball. V. blow, waft; blow hard, blow great guns, blow a hurricane &c. n.; wuther[obs3]; stream, issue. respire, breathe, puff; whiff, whiffle; gasp, wheeze; snuff, snuffle; sniff, sniffle; sneeze, cough. fan, ventilate; inflate, perflate|; blow up. Adj. blowing &c. v.; windy, flatulent; breezy, gusty, squally; stormy, tempestuous, blustering; boisterous &c. (violent) 173. pulmonic[Med], pulmonary. Phr. "lull'd by soft zephyrs" [Pope]; "the storm is up and all is on the hazard" [Julius Caesar]; "the winds were wither'd in the stagnant air" [Byron]; "while mocking winds are piping loud" [Milton]; "winged with red lightning and tempestuous rage" [Paradise Lost].

#350. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit.—N. conduit, channel, duct, watercourse, race; head race, tail race; abito[obs3], aboideau[obs3], aboiteau[Fr], bito[obs3]; acequia[obs3], acequiador[obs3], acequiamadre[obs3]; arroyo; adit[obs3], aqueduct, canal, trough, gutter, pantile; flume, ingate[obs3], runner; lock-weir, tedge[obs3]; vena[obs3]; dike, main, gully, moat, ditch, drain, sewer, culvert, cloaca, sough, kennel, siphon; piscina[obs3]; pipe &c. (tube) 260; funnel; tunnel &c. (passage) 627; water pipe, waste pipe; emunctory[obs3], gully hole, artery, aorta, pore, spout, scupper; adjutage[obs3], ajutage[obs3]; hose; gargoyle; gurgoyle[obs3]; penstock, weir; flood gate, water gate; sluice, lock, valve; rose; waterworks. pipeline. Adj. vascular &c. (with holes) 260.

#351. [Channel for the passage of air.] Airpipe.—N. air pipe, air tube; airhole[obs3], blowhole, breathinghole[obs3], venthole; shaft, flue, chimney, funnel, vent, nostril, nozzle, throat, weasand[obs3], trachea; bronchus, bronchia[Med]; larynx, tonsils, windpipe, spiracle; ventiduct[obs3], ventilator; louvre, jalousie, Venetian blinds; blowpipe &c. (wind) 349; pipe &c. (tube) 260; jhilmil[obs3]; smokestack. screen, window screen. artificial lung, iron lung, heart and lung machine.

3. IMPERFECT FLUIDS

#352. Semiliquidity.—N. semiliquidity; stickiness &c. adj.; viscidity, viscosity; gummosity[obs3], glutinosity[obs3], mucosity[obs3]; spissitude[obs3], crassitude[obs3]; lentor[obs3]; adhesiveness &c. (cohesion) 46. inspissation[obs3], incrassation[obs3]; thickening. jelly, mucilage, gelatin, gluten; carlock[obs3], fish glue; ichthyocol[obs3], ichthycolla[obs3]; isinglass; mucus, phlegm, goo; pituite[obs3], lava; glair[obs3], starch, gluten, albumen, milk, cream, protein|!; treacle; gum, size, glue (tenacity) 327; wax, beeswax. emulsion, soup; squash, mud, slush, slime, ooze; moisture &c. 339; marsh &c. 345. V. inspissate[obs3], incrassate[obs3]; thicken, mash, squash, churn, beat up. sinter. Adj. semifluid, semiliquid; tremellose[obs3]; half melted, half frozen; milky, muddy &c. n.; lacteal, lactean[obs3], lacteous[obs3], lactescent[obs3], lactiferous[obs3]; emulsive, curdled, thick, succulent, uliginous[obs3]. gelatinous, albuminous, mucilaginous, glutinous; glutenous, gelatin, mastic, amylaceous[obs3], ropy, clammy, clotted; viscid, viscous; sticky, tacky, gooey; slab, slabby[obs3]; lentous|, pituitous[obs3]; mucid[obs3], muculent[obs3], mucous; gummy.

#353. [Mixture of air and water.] Bubble. [Cloud.]—N. bubble, foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast, barm[obs3], spindrift. cloud, vapor, fog, mist, haze, steam, geyser; scud, messenger, rack, nimbus; cumulus, woolpack[obs3], cirrus, stratus; cirrostratus, cumulostratus; cirrocumulus; mackerel sky, mare's tale, dirty sky; curl cloud; frost smoke; thunderhead. [Science of clouds] nephelognosy[obs3]; nephograph[obs3], nephology[obs3]. effervescence, fermentation; bubbling &c. v. nebula; cloudliness &c. (opacity) 426[obs3]; nebulosity &c. (dimness) 422. V. bubble, boil, foam, froth, mantle, sparkle, guggle[obs3], gurgle; effervesce, ferment, fizzle. Adj. bubbling &c. v.; frothy, nappy[obs3], effervescent, sparkling, mousseux[French: frothy], up. cloudy &c. n.; thunderheaded[obs3]; vaporous, nebulous, overcast. Phr. "the lowring element scowls o'er the darkened landscip" [Paradise Lost].

#354. Pulpiness.—N. pulpiness &c. adj.; pulp, taste, dough, curd, # pap, rob, jam, pudding, poultice, grume[obs3]. mush, oatmeal, baby food. Adj. pulpy &c. n.; pultaceous[obs3], grumous[obs3]; baccate[obs3].

#355. Unctuousness.—N. unctuousness &c. adj.; unctuosity[obs3], # lubricity; ointment &c. (oil) 356; anointment; lubrication &c. 332. V. oil &c. (lubricate) 332. Adj. unctuous, oily, oleaginous, adipose, sebaceous; unguinous[obs3]; fat, fatty, greasy; waxy, butyraceous, soapy, saponaceous[obs3], pinguid, lardaceous[obs3]; slippery.

#356. Oil.—N. oil, fat, butter, cream, grease, tallow, suet, lard, dripping exunge|, blubber; glycerin, stearin, elaine[Chem], oleagine[obs3]; soap; soft soap, wax, cerement; paraffin, spermaceti, adipocere[obs3]; petroleum, mineral, mineral rock, mineral crystal, mineral oil; vegetable oil, colza oil[obs3], olive oil, salad oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, nut oil; animal oil, neat's foot oil, train oil; ointment, unguent, liniment; aceite[obs3], amole[obs3], Barbados tar[obs3]; fusel oil, grain oil, rape oil, seneca oil; hydrate of amyl, ghee[obs3]; heating oil, "#2 oil", No. 2 oil, distillate, residual oils, kerosene, jet fuel, gasoline, naphtha; stearin.

#356a. Resin.—N. resin, rosin; gum; lac, sealing wax; amber, # ambergris; bitumen, pitch, tar; asphalt, asphaltum; camphor; varnish, copal[obs3], mastic, magilp[obs3], lacquer, japan. artificial resin, polymer; ion-exchange resin, cation-exchange resin, anion exchange resin, water softener, Amberlite[obs3], Dowex[Chem], Diaion. V. varnish &c. (overlay) 223. Adj. resiny[obs3], resinous; bituminous, pitchy, tarry; asphaltic, asphaltite.