Chapter XVI: Appendix: A

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

The literature of psychoanalysis from its inception to 1926 is conveniently available in John Rickman’s _Index Psychoanalyticus, 1893-1926_. The _Gesammelte Schriften_ of Sigmund Freud have been published by the Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Vienna, in eleven volumes. This publishing house puts out most of the literature of the circle around Freud. Of Freud’s books the beginner may be referred to his _General Introduction to Psychoanalysis, The Interpretation of Dreams_, and _Three Contributions to Sexual Theory_. An English edition of Freud’s collected papers is in process of publication. The most important technical journal is the _Internationale Zeitschrift für arztliche Psychoanalyse_. There is an English journal, _The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis_, and an American one, _The Psychoanalytic Review_. (A French periodical has recently appeared.)

Among the “orthodox” psychoanalytical treatises the following are of particular importance:

Ferenczi, S. _Bausteine zur Psychoanalyse_. Leipzig, 1926.

----. _Versuch einer Genitaltheorie_. Leipzig, 1924.

Ferenczi, S., and Hollos, S. _Psychoanalysis and the Psychic
Disorder of General Paresis_, “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph
Series,” No. 42. New York and Washington, 1925.

The psychological manifestations of a physical disease are
predicted on the basis of the psychoanalytical theory of
personality development. Of great methodological importance.

Abraham, K. _Klinische Beitrage zur Psychoanalyse aus den Jahren
1907-20_. Leipzig, etc., 1921.

----. _Psychoanalytische Studien zur Charakterbildung_. Leipzig,
etc., 1925.

The most influential approach to the problem of character
formation. Amplified in many directions by Jones, Glover, etc.

Alexander, S. _Psychoanalyse der Gesamtpersönlichkeit_. Leipzig,
etc., 1927.

A notably lucid presentation of the general theory. Recently
translated as _The Psychoanalysis of the Total Personality_ and
published in the “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series.”

Hartmann, H. _Die Grundlagen der Psychoanalyse._ Leipzig, 1927.

A very important book which views analytical concepts in relation
to the data of experimental psychology.

Deutsch, Felix. “Experimentelle Studien zur Psychoanalyse,”
_Internationale Zeitschrift_, IX (1923), 484-96.

Reports the demonstration of the mechanism of repression by the
use of post-hypnotic suggestion.

Kempf, E. _Psychopathology_. St. Louis, 1921.

Stresses the function of the autonomic functions, and undertakes
to amplify psychoanalytical theory in this direction.

Among those who have broken off from Freud, after having been associated with him, are Stekel, Jung, and Adler. Stekel has published ten volumes of case histories which are valuable for the beginner who needs to acquire a sense of what sort of thing the human mind is capable. The other two are of more theoretical importance. Jung’s _Psychological Types_ is of the most immediate interest to social scientists, although his speculations about the “racial unconscious” are suggestive. Alfred Adler’s standpoint is set out in his _Individual Psychology_. His circle in Vienna publishes a journal.

An excellent manual is _The Structure and Meaning of Psychoanalysis_ (New York, 1930), by William Healy, Augusta F. Bronner, and Anna Mae Bowers.

The psychoanalytical movement can be placed in the general perspective of medical psychology by referring to such a manual as William A. White’s _Outlines of Psychiatry_ or Bernard Hart’s _Psychopathology_. There are excellent books in German on medical psychology by Kronfeld, Birnbaum, Schilder, Kretschmer, and many others. The general movements in the field can be followed in the _American Journal of Psychiatry_ or the _Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases_, the latter of which is edited by William A. White and Smith Ely Jelliffe, who also supervise the well-known series of books, usually translations, called the “Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series.” Pierre Janet’s _Psychological Healing_ reviews the general history of psychopathology. Among the innumerable articles and books which undertake to appraise the clinical and normal implications of psychoanalysis, the symposium edited by Hans Prinzhorn may be chosen, _Krisis der Psychoanalyse_ (Leipzig, 1928), Band I (the projected second volume will not appear). Otto Rank, who has likewise broken with Freud, is publishing a series of books on the psychoanalytical interview which promises to serve as a bridge between the general theory and the objective studies of the interview situation which are in progress in America.

On the special problem of personality and character types, the volume by A. A. Roback, _The Psychology of Character_, may be instanced as a very comprehensive guide to the literature. His _A Bibliography on Personality_ is also available. An acute analysis of typologies was offered by O. Selz before the German experimental psychologists in 1923. See the following:

Selz, O. “Über die Personlichkeitstypen und die Methoden ihrer
Bestimmung,” _Bericht über den VIII. Kongress für experimentelle
Psychologie_. Jena, 1924.

Klüver, H. “An Analysis of Recent Work on the Problem of
Psychological Types,” _Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases_,
LXII, No. 6 (December, 1925).

The current output is reviewed from time to time in relation
to tests by Mark A. May, Gordon W. Allport, and certain other
psychologists who are especially interested in the field. The
_Psychological Index_ can be consulted for the purpose of keeping
abreast of the large quantity of published material.

The most influential recent book is Kretschmer’s _Physique and Character_. The somatic factors in personality are stated with charm and brevity by E. Miller, _Types of Mind and Body_. Useful summary and critical volumes are by William I. Thomas and Dorothy S. Thomas, _The Child in America_ (New York, 1928), chapters viii-xiii inclusive, and by R. G. Gordon, _Personality_ (New York, 1926).

The psychoanalytical literature which has undertaken to deal with politics or politicians explicitly may be appended here:

Pfister, Oskar. “Analytische Untersuchungen über die Psychologie
des Hasses und der Versöhnung,” _Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse_, II
(1910), 134-78.

----. “Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse für die Staats- und
Gesellschaftslehre” (Vortrag an VI. Int. Psa. Kong., Hague,
September 8-11, 1920), abstract in _Internationale Zeitschrift_,
VI, 400.

----. “Die menschlichen Einigungsbestrebungen im Lichte der
Psychoanalyse,” _Imago_, XII (1926), 126-35.

The _Imago_ is the psychoanalytical journal which is devoted to
applications of psychoanalytical theory to the interpretation of
culture.

Sachs, Hanns. “Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse für Probleme
der Soziologie” (Vortrag), abstract in _Centralblatt für
Psychoanalyse_, II (1911), 464-69.

----. “Ein Traum Bismarcks,” _Internationale Zeitschrift_, I
(1913), 80-83.

Sachs, Hanns, and Rank, Otto. _Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse für
die Geisteswissenschaften._ Wiesbaden, 1913.

This was published in the “Grenzfragen des Nerven und
Seelenlebens,” No. 93, a series which contains many volumes
of great interest to social scientists. Kretschmer now is the
responsible editor. The book also appears as No. 23 in the
“Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph Series.”

Rank, Otto. “Der ‘Familienroman’ in der Psychologie des
Attentäters,” _Der Künstler_ (virte vermehrte Auflage; Leipzig,
etc., 1925), pp. 142-48.

This fragment first appeared in 1911.

Storfer, A. J. “Zur Sonderstellung des Vatermordes.” Leipzig, etc.,
1911.

Parricide and regicide are punished with unusual severity in
different legal systems.

Abraham, Karl. “Amenhotep IV (Echnaton),” _Imago_, I (1912), 334-60.

One of the earliest applications of analytical concepts to a
historical personage.

Freud, Sigmund. _Totem und Taboo_. Leipzig, etc., 1913.

Outlines his hypothesis of the origin of culture in an original
parricide by a band of revolting brothers, who resented the
monopoly of the females by the old man of the tribe, and who
undertook to repress memories of the crime. See the discussion by
Malinowski of this hypothesis in _Sex and Repression in Savage
Society_ (New York, 1927).

----. “Zeitgemässes über Krieg und Tod,” _Imago_, IV (1915-16),
1-21.

----. _Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse_. Leipzig, etc., 1921.

An application of Freud’s theories to the psychology of crowds
and social institutions. See William McDougall, “Professor
Freud’s Group Psychology and His Theory of Suggestion,” chapter
xvii of _Problems of Personality_ (ed. Campbell and others; New
York, 1925).

----. _Unbehagen der Kultur_. Leipzig, etc., 1929.

Jekels, Ludwig. “Der Wendepunkt im Leben Napoleons I,” _Imago_, III
(1914), 313-81.

Kaplan, Leo. “Der tragische Held und der Verbrecher,” _ibid._, IV
(1915), 96-124.

Jones, Ernest. “War and Sublimation.” Read before the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, Section of Physiology,
September 10, 1915; published in _Reports_ of the Association,
LXXXV, 699 ff.

----. (ed.). _The Social Aspects of Psychoanalysis_. London, 1923.

Tausk, Viktor. “Zur Psychologie des Deserteurs,” _Zeitschrift_, IV
(1916-17), 193-204, 228-40.

Blüher, Hans. _Die Rolle der Erotik in der männlichen
Gesellschaft_. 2 vols. Jena, 1917.

Bernfeld, Siegfried. “Die Psychoanalyse in der Jugendbewegung,”
_Imago_, V (1919), 283-89.

----. “Über eine typische Form der männlichen Pubertät,” _ibid._,
IX (1923), 169-188.

Federn, Paul. _Die Vaterlose Gesellschaft_. Leipzig, etc., 1919.

Clark, L. Pierce. “A Psychologic Study of Abraham Lincoln,”
_ibid._, VIII (1921), 1-21.

----. “A Psycho-historical Study of the Epileptic Personality in
the Genius,” _ibid._, IX (1922), 367-401.

----. “The Narcism of Alexander the Great,” _Ibid._, X (1923),
156-69.

----. _Napoleon: Self-Destroyed_. New York, 1929.

Kolnai, Aurel. _Psychoanalyse und Soziologie_. Leipzig, etc., 1920.

Lazell, Edward W. “Psychology of War and Schizophrenia,”
_Psychoanalytic Review_, VII (1920), 224-45.

Rinaldo, Joel. _The Psychoanalysis of the Reformer_. New York, 1921.

White, William A. _Thoughts of a Psychiatrist on the War and
After_. New York, 1919.

Low, Barbara. “Civic Ideals: Some Psycho-analytical
Considerations,” _Sociological Review_, 1922.

Boven, William. “Alexander der Grosse,” _Imago_, VIII (1922),
418-39.

Berger, G. “Zur Theorie der menschlichen Feindseligkeit,” _ibid._,
IX (1923), 344-67.

Lorenz, Emil. _Der politische mythus, Beitrage zur mythologie der
Kultur_. Leipzig, etc., 1923.

Illustrates the state-father relationship from the lore and
literature of many cultures.

Reik, Theodor. _Geständniszwang und Strafbedürfnis: Probleme der
Psychoanalyse und der Kriminologie_. Leipzig, etc., 1925.

Outlines in masterly fashion the implications of the need for
punishment and the compulsion to confess for criminology.
Reik has also published extensively on religion from the
psychoanalytical standpoint.

Kohn, Erwin, _Lasalle der Führer_. Leipzig, etc., 1926.

Alexander, Franz, and Staub, Hugo. _Der Verbrecher und seine
Richter_. Vienna, 1929.

A sketch of criminology from the psychoanalytical standpoint,
drawing heavily on Alexander’s conception of the neurotic
character, as distinguished from the neurotics who show hysteric
or compulsive symptoms.

Friedjung, Josef K. “Zur Psychologie des kleinen Politikers,”
_Imago_, XIV (1928), 498-501.

Among those who have undertaken from allied fields to apply psychoanalytic viewpoints may be mentioned William F. Ogburn, who read a paper before the economists in 1918; Thomas D. Eliot, sociologist; Harry Elmer Barnes, historical sociologist; E. D. Martin, social psychologist; Preserved Smith, historian; R. V. Harlow, historian; W. H. R. Rivers, ethnologist; and Theodore Schroeder, lawyer. See especially:

Barnes, Harry Elmer. _The New History and the Social Studies_,
chap. iii. New York, 1925.

Discusses the bibliography in English.

Swoboda, Hermann. “Zur Psychologie des Parlamentarismus,”
_Oesterreichische Rundschau_, Band XIV, Heft 1, January 1, 1908.

----. “Die Kunst des Regierens,” _ibid._, Band XVII, December 15,
1908.

----. “Der Volksvertreter,” _ibid._, Band XXXII, Heft 3, August 1,
1912.

These articles of Swoboda are the first well-considered
applications of psychoanalysis to politics by a non-specialist.
The first article treats the rôle of parliamentarism as
“catharsis,” and specifically refers to the work of Breuer and
Freud.

Aside from specifically psychoanalytical efforts to interpret individuals and collective trends, there have been many efforts on the part of other psychiatrists and physicians, or their followers, to offer such interpretations. The whole literature of “pathography” is abstracted and discussed here:

Lange-Eichbaum, Wilhelm. _Genie-Irrsinn, und Ruhm._ Leipzig, 1928.

Students of politics will be most interested in the references and abstracts concerning Rousseau, Alexander the Great, Amenhotep IV, Bismarck, Blücher, emperors and princes, Frederick the Great, Lincoln, Loyola, Ludwig II of Bavaria, Napoleon, and Robespierre. Möbius put “pathography” on a scientific basis. The following is one of the best of the “pathographies,” since it stresses the diseased aspects of the personality in the perspective of the total development of the subject’s career:

Heidenhain, Adolf, _J.-J. Rousseau, Persönlichkeit, Philosophie and
Psychose_, “Grenzfragen des Nerven-und Seelenlebens,” Heft 117.
Munich, 1924.

The study of the effect of individual pathology on culture, and of culture upon individual pathology, is envisaged as a program in the following:

Birnbaum, Karl. _Grundzüge der Kulturpsychopathologie_,
“Grenzfragen des Nerven- und Seelenlebens,” Heft 116. Munich, 1924.

The reckless extension of individual pathological terms to the state of society as a whole has caused much confusion, but a case can be made out for a valid use of the concept of the pathological. Thus:

Schneersohn, F. “Zur Grundlegung einer Völker- und
Massenpsychopathologie (Soziopsychopathologie),” _Ethos_, I
(1925-26), 81-120.

This includes an exhaustive bibliography of the efforts of
psychiatrists to extend their conceptions to society, and a
detailed consideration of the methodological issues involved.

Special attention should be called to the forthcoming volume by Harry Stack Sullivan on _Personal Psychopathology_ in which a systematic treatment of the whole field of psychiatry and sociology is presented. Dr. Sullivan has vastly stimulated a _rapprochement_ between physician and social scientist in the United States. See the _Proceedings_ of the two colloquiums on personality investigation, held under the auspices of the American Psychiatric Association, first published in the _American Journal of Psychiatry_ for May, 1929, and May, 1930, and separately obtainable.