Chapter XVI: ANIMISM (continued) (3)

Brebeuf in ‘Rel. des Jés.,’ 1636, p. 107; Lafitau, ‘Mœurs des Sauvages
Amériquains,’ vol. i. p. 132. Schoolcraft, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 36, &c. 237.
Brinton, ‘Myths of New World,’ pp. 48, 172. J. G. Müller, ‘Amer.
Urrelig.’ p. 119.

Footnote 606:

Callaway, ‘Zulu Tales,’ vol. i. p. 203.

Footnote 607:

Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. ii. p. 168, &c.; Burton, ‘W. & W. fr. W.
Afr.’ p. 76.

Footnote 608:

Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 7, &c.

Footnote 609:

Plath, ‘Religion und Cultus der alten Chinesen,’ part i. p. 18, &c.;
part ii. p. 32; Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. ii. p. 396. See Max Müller,
‘Lectures,’ 2nd S. p. 437; Legge, ‘Confucius,’ p. 100. For further
evidence as to savage and barbaric worship of the Heaven as Supreme
Deity, see chap. xvii.

Footnote 610:

Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’ 2nd Series, p. 425; Grimm, ‘D. M.’ ch. ix.;
Cicero, De Natura Deorum, iii. 4. Connexion of the Sanskrit Dyu with
the Scandinavian Tyr and the Anglo Saxon Tiw is perhaps rather of
etymology than definition.

Footnote 611:

Duff Macdonald, ‘Africana,’ vol. i. p. 60 (E. Centr. Afr.). Waitz,
‘Anthropologie,’ vol. ii. p. 169 (W. Afr.) p. 416 (Damaras).

Footnote 612:

Markham, ‘Quichua Gr. and Dic.’ p. 9; J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ pp.
318, 368.

Footnote 613:

Ibid. pp. 496-9; Oviedo, ‘Nicaragua,’ pp. 40, 72.

Footnote 614:

Macpherson, ‘India,’ pp. 89, 355.

Footnote 615:

Dalton, ‘Kols,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. vi. p. 34. Compare 1 Kings
xviii.

Footnote 616:

Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 36; Kalewala, Rune ii. 317.

Footnote 617:

Marc. Antonin. v. 7. ‘Ἐὐχὴ Ἀθηναίων, ὖσον, ὖσον, ὦ φίλε Ζεῦ, κατὰ τῆς
ἀρούρας τῶν Ἀθηναίων καὶ τῶν πεδίων.’

Footnote 618:

Petron. Arbiter. Sat. xliv. ‘Antea stolatæ ibant nudis pedibus in
clivum, passis capillis, mentibus puris, et Jovem aquam exorabant.
Itaque statim urceatim pluebat: aut tunc aut nunquam; et omnes
redibant udi tanquam mures.’ See Grimm, ‘D. M.’ p. 160.

Footnote 619:

Pr. Max v. Wied, ‘N. Amer.’ vol. ii. pp. 152, 223; J. G. Müller, p.
120; Waitz, vol. iii. p. 179.

Footnote 620:

Keating, ‘Narr.’ vol. i. p. 407; Eastman, ‘Dahcotah,’ p. 71; Brinton,
p. 150, &c.; see M’Coy, ‘Baptist Indian Missions,’ p. 363.

Footnote 621:

De la Borde, ‘Caraïbes,’ p. 530; Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ p. 431.

Footnote 622:

De Laet, ‘Novus Orbis,’ xv. 2. Waitz, vol. iii. p. 417; J. G. Müller,
p. 270; also 421 (thunderstorms by anger of Sun, in Cumana, &c.).

Footnote 623:

Brinton, p. 153; Herrera, ‘Indias Occidentales,’ Dec., v. 4. J. G.
Müller p. 327. ‘Rites and Laws of the Yncas,’ tr. & ed. by C. R.
Markham, p. 16, see 81; Prescott, ‘Peru,’ vol. i. p. 86.

Footnote 624:

Bowen, ‘Yoruba Lang.’ p. xvi. in ‘Smithsonian Contr.’ vol. i. See
Burton, ‘Dahome,’ vol. ii. p. 142. Details as to thunder-axes, &c., in
‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’ ch. viii.

Footnote 625:

Steller, ‘Kamtschatka,’ p. 266.

Footnote 626:

Klemm, ‘C. G.’ vol. iv. p. 85. (Ossetes, &c.) See Welcker, vol. i. p.
170; Grimm, ‘D. M.’ p. 158. Bastian, ‘Mensch.’ vol. ii. p. 423
(Ali-sect.).

Footnote 627:

Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 39, &c.

Footnote 628:

‘Rig-Veda,’ i. 32. 1, 55. 5, 130. 8, 165; iii. 34. 9; vi. 20; x. 44.
9, 89. 9. Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’ 2nd S. p. 427; ‘Chips,’ vol. i. p.
42, vol. ii. p. 323. See Muir, ‘Sanskrit Texts.’

Footnote 629:

Homer. Il. viii. 170, xvii. 595. Ovid. Fast. ii. 69. See Welcker,
‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol. ii. p. 194.

Footnote 630:

Hanusch, ‘Slaw. Myth.’ p. 257.

Footnote 631:

Grimm, ‘Deutsche Myth.’ ch. viii. Edda; Gylfaginning, 21, 44.

Footnote 632:

Schoolcraft, ‘Algic Res.’ vol. i. p. 139, vol. ii. p. 214; Loskiel,
part i. p. 43; Waitz, vol. iii. p. 190. Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 157; J.
G. Müller, p. 56. Further American evidence in Brinton, ‘Myths of New
World,’ pp. 50, 74; Cranz, ‘Grönland,’ p. 267 (Sillagiksartok,
Weather-spirit); De la Borde, ‘Caraïbes,’ p. 530 (Carib Star Curumon,
makes the billows and upsets canoes).

Footnote 633:

Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 329 (compare with the Maori
Tempest-god Tawhirimatea, Grey, ‘Polyn. Myth.’ p. 5); Schirren,
‘Wandersage der Neuseeländer,’ &c. p. 85; Yate, ‘New Zealand,’ p. 144.
See also Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’ vol. ii. p. 115.

Footnote 634:

Steller, ‘Kamschatka,’ p. 266.

Footnote 635:

Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ pp. 37, 68.

Footnote 636:

Boecler, pp. 106, 147.

Footnote 637:

See also Klemm, ‘Cultur-Gesch.’ vol. iv. p. 85 (Circassian Water-god
and Wind-god).

Footnote 638:

Muir, ‘Sanskrit Texts,’ vol. v. p. 150.

Footnote 639:

Homer. Il. xxiii. 192, Odyss. xx. 66, 77; Apollon. Rhod. Argonautica;
Apollodor. i. 9. 21; Virg. Æn. i. 56; Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol.
i. p. 707, vol. iii. p. 67.

Footnote 640:

Grimm, ‘Deutsche Myth.’ pp. 121, 871.

Footnote 641:

Wuttke, ‘Deutsche Volksabergl.’ p. 86.

Footnote 642:

Tanner’s ‘Narrative,’ p. 193; Loskiel, l.c. See also Rochefort, ‘Iles
Antilles,’ p. 414; J. G. Müller, p. 178 (Antilles).

Footnote 643:

Garcilaso de la Vega, ‘Commentarios Reales,’ i. 10; Rivero & Tschudi,
p. 161; J. G. Müller, p. 369.

Footnote 644:

Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. ii. p. 170.

Footnote 645:

‘Report of Ethnological Committee, Jubbulpore Exhibition,’ 1866-7.
Nagpore, 1868, part ii. p. 54.

Footnote 646:

Macpherson, ‘India,’ chap. vi.

Footnote 647:

Georgi, ‘Reise im Russ. Reich,’ vol. i. pp. 275, 317. Castrén, ‘Finn.
Myth,’ p. 86, &c.

Footnote 648:

Plath, ‘Religion der alten Chinesen,’ part i. pp. 36, 73, part ii. p.
32. Doolittle, ‘Chinese,’ vol. i. pp. 86, 354, 413, vol. ii. pp. 67,
380, 455.

Footnote 649:

‘Rig-Veda,’ i. 89. 4, &c., &c.

Footnote 650:

Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol. i. p. 385, &c.

Footnote 651:

Varro de Ling. Lat. iv.

Footnote 652:

Tacit. Germania, 40. Grimm, ‘Deutsche Myth.’ p. 229, &c.

Footnote 653:

Wuttke, ‘Deutsche Volksabergl.’ p. 87.

Footnote 654:

Liebich, ‘Die Zigeuner,’ pp. 30, 84.

Footnote 655:

Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ part iii. p. 485; Eastman, ‘Dahcotah,’
pp. i. 118, 161.

Footnote 656:

Clavigero, vol. ii. p. 14.

Footnote 657:

Marsden, ‘Sumatra,’ p. 301; see also 303 (Tagals).

Footnote 658:

Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’ vol. i. p. 328.

Footnote 659:

Bosman, ‘Guinea,’ letter xix.; in Pinkerton, vol. xvi. p. 494. Burton,
‘Dahome,’ vol. ii. p. 141. See also below, chap. xviii. (sacrifice).

Footnote 660:

Schlegel, ‘Ewe Sprache,’ p. xiv.

Footnote 661:

Garcilaso de la Vega, ‘Commentarios Reales,’ i. 10, vi. 17; Rivero &
Tschudi, ‘Peru,’ p. 161.

Footnote 662:

Steller, ‘Kamtschatka,’ p. 265.

Footnote 663:

Siebold, ‘Nippon,’ part v. p. 9.

Footnote 664:

Herod. vi. 76.

Footnote 665:

Cicero, De Natura Deorum, iii. 20.

Footnote 666:

Homer, Il. i. 538, xiii. 18, xx. 13. Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol.
i. p. 616 (Nereus), p. 622 (Poseidon). Cox, ‘Mythology of Aryan
Nations,’ vol. ii. ch. vi.

Footnote 667:

Loskiel, ‘Ind. of N. A.’ part i. pp. 41, 45. See also J. G. Müller, p.
55.

Footnote 668:

Irving, ‘Astoria,’ vol. ii. ch. xxii.

Footnote 669:

Torquemada, ‘Monarquia Indiana,’ vi. c. 28, x. c. 22, 30; Brasseur,
‘Mexique,’ vol. iii. pp. 492, 522, 536.

Footnote 670:

Schirren, ‘Wandersage der Neuseeländer,’ &c., p. 32; Turner,
‘Polynesia,’ pp. 252, 527.

Footnote 671:

Burton, ‘Dahome,’ vol. ii. p. 148; Schlegel, ‘Ewe Sprache,’ p. xv.

Footnote 672:

Steller, ‘Kamtschatka,’ p. 276.

Footnote 673:

Batchelor in ‘Tr. As. Soc. Japan,’ vols. x. xvi.

Footnote 674:

Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ p. 57; Billings, ‘N. Russia,’ p. 123 (Yakuts);
Bastian, ‘Vorstellungen von Wasser und Feuer,’ in ‘Zeitschr. für
Ethnologie,’ vol. i. p. 383 (Mongols).

Footnote 675:

Klemm, ‘Cultur-Gesch.’ vol. vi. p. 85 (Circassia). Welcker, vol. i. p.
663.

Footnote 676:

See ‘Records of the Past,’ vol. iii. p. 137, vol. ix. p. 143; Sayce,
‘Lectures on Rel. of Ancient Babylonians,’ p. 170. For accounts of
Semitic fire-worship, see Movers, ‘Phönizier,’ vol. i. p. 327, &c.,
337, &c., 401.

Footnote 677:

‘Rig-Veda,’ i. 1. 1, 19. 2, iii. 1. 18, &c.; Max Müller, vol. i. p.
39; Ward, ‘Hindoos,’ vol. ii. p. 53. Haug, ‘Essays on Parsis,’ iv.;
‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’ p. 255.

Footnote 678:

Hanway, ‘Journal of Travels,’ London, 1753, vol. i. ch. lvii.

Footnote 679:

Diog. Lært. Proœm. ii. 6. Sextus Empiricus adv. Physicos, ix.; Strabo,
xv. 3, 13.

Footnote 680:

John Wilson, ‘The Parsi Religion,’ ch. iv.; ‘Avesta,’ tr. by Spiegel,
Yacna, i. lxi.

Footnote 681:

Max Müller, ‘Chips,’ vol. i. p. 169. Haug, ‘Essays on Parsis,’ p. 281.

Footnote 682:

Hanusch, ‘Slaw. Myth.’ pp. 88, 98.

Footnote 683:

Homer. Hymn. Aphrod. 29, Hestia 1. Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol.
ii. pp. 686, 691.

Footnote 684:

Ovid. Fast. vi. 295.

Footnote 685:

Boecler, ‘Ehsten Abergl.’ p. 29, &c.

Footnote 686:

Wuttke, ‘Volksabergl.’ p. 86. Grohmann, ‘Aberglauben aus Böhmen,’ p.
41.

Footnote 687:

D’Orbigny, ‘L’Homme Américain,’ vol. i. p. 242.

Footnote 688:

Herod, i. 216, iv. 184. Baker, ‘Albert Nyanza,’ vol. i. p. 144.

Footnote 689:

Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’ vol. iii. p. 181 (Hudson’s B., Pottawatomies),
205 (Virginians). J. G. Müller, ‘Amer. Urrel.’ p. 117 (Delawares,
Sioux, Mingos, &c.). Sproat, ‘Ind. of Vancouver’s I.’ in ‘Tr. Eth.
Soc.’ vol. v. p. 253. Loskiel, ‘Ind. of N. A.’ part i. p. 43
(Delawares). Hennepin, ‘Voyage dans l’Amérique,’ p. 302 (Sioux), &c.
Bartram, ‘Creek and Cherokee Ind.’ in ‘Tr. Amer. Eth. Soc.’ vol. iii.
part i. pp. 20, 26; see also Schoolcraft, ‘Ind. Tribes,’ part ii. p.
127 (Comanches, &c.); Morgan, ‘Iroquois,’ p. 164; Gregg, vol. ii. p.
238 (Shawnees); but compare the remarks of Brinton, ‘Myths of New
World,’ p. 141.

Footnote 690:

Martius, ‘Ethnog. Amer.’ vol. i. p. 327 (Botocudos). Waitz, vol. iii.
p. 518 (Araucanians). Dobrizhoffer, vol. ii. p. 89 (Puelches).
Charlevoix, ‘Hist. du Paraguay,’ vol. i. p. 331 (Diaguitas). J. G.
Müller, p. 255 (Botocudos, Aucas, Diaguitas).

Footnote 691:

Charlevoix, ‘Nouvelle France,’ vol. vi. p. 172; Waitz, vol. iii. p.
217.

Footnote 692:

Rochefort, ‘Iles Antilles,’ book ii. ch. viii.

Footnote 693:

Torquemada, ‘Monarquia Indiana,’ ix. c. 34; Sahagun, ‘Hist. de Nueva
España,’ ii. App. in Kingsborough, ‘Antiquities of Mexico;’ Waitz,
vol. iv. p. 138; J. G. Müller, p. 474, &c.; Brasseur, ‘Mexique,’ vol.
iii. p. 487; Tylor, ‘Mexico,’ p. 141.

Footnote 694:

Piedrahita, ‘Hist. Gen. de las Conquistas del Nuevo Reyno de Granada,’
Antwerp, 1688: part i. book i. c. iii. iv.; Humboldt, ‘Vues des
Cordillères;’ Waitz, vol. iv. p. 352, &c.; J. G. Müller, p. 432, &c.

Footnote 695:

Garcilaso de la Vega, ‘Commentarios Reales,’ lib. i. c. 15, &c., iii.
c. 20; v. c. 2, 6; ‘Rites and Laws of the Yncas,’ tr. & ed. by C. R.
Markham, (Hakluyt Soc., 1873) p. 84; Prescott, ‘Peru,’ book i. ch.
iii.; Waitz, vol. iv. p. 447, &c.; J. G. Müller, p. 362, &c.

Footnote 696:

Meiners, ‘Gesch. der Rel.’ vol. i. p. 383. Burton, ‘Central Afr.’ vol.
ii. p. 346; ‘Dahome,’ vol. ii. p. 147.

Footnote 697:

Hodgson, ‘Abor. of India,’ pp. 167, 175 (Bodos, &c.).

Footnote 698:

Dalton, ‘Kols,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. vi. p. 33 (Oraons, &c.);
Hunter, ‘Annals of Rural Bengal,’ p. 184 (Santals).

Footnote 699:

Macpherson, ‘India,’ p. 84, &c. (Khonds).

Footnote 700:

Castrén, ‘Finn. Myth.’ pp. 16, 51, &c. Meiners, l.c. Georgi, ‘Reise im
Russ. Reich.’ vol. i. pp. 275, 317. Klemm, ‘Cultur-Geschichte,’ vol.
iii. p. 87. Sun-Worship in Japan, Siebold, ‘Nippon,’ part v. p. 9. For
further evidence as to savage and barbaric worship of the Sun as
Supreme Deity, see chap. xvii.

Footnote 701:

‘Rig-Veda,’ i. 35, 50; iii. 62, 10. Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’ 2nd Ser.
pp. 378, 411; ‘Chips,’ vol. i. p. 19. Colebrooke, ‘Essays,’ vol. i.
pp. 30, 133. Ward, ‘Hindoos,’ vol. ii. p. 42.

Footnote 702:

‘Khordah-Avesta,’ xxvi. in Avesta tr. by Spiegel, vol. iii.; M. Haug,
‘Essays on Parsis.’ Strabo, xv. 3, 13. Nonnus, xl. 400. Movers,
‘Phönizier,’ vol. i. p. 180: ‘Ἡλίῳ Μίθρᾳ ἀνικήτῳ’; ‘Διὸς ἀνικήτον
Ἡλίου.’

Footnote 703:

Plat. Sympos. xxxvi. See Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterlehre,’ vol. i. pp.
400, 412.

Footnote 704:

Cæsar de Bello Gallico, vi. 21: ‘Deorum numero eos solos ducunt, quos
cernunt et quorum aperte opibus juvantur, Solem et Vulcanum et Lunam,
reliquos ne fama quidem acceperunt.’

Footnote 705:

Cicero de Natura Deorum, iii. 21.

Footnote 706:

See Wilkinson, ‘Ancient Egyptians’; Renouf, ‘Religion of Ancient
Egypt.’

Footnote 707:

Deut. iv. 19, xvii. 3; 2 Kings xxiii. 11.

Footnote 708:

Movers, ‘Phönizier,’ vol. i. pp. 162, 180, &c. Lamprid. Heliogabal. i.

Footnote 709:

Euseb. Præparat. Evang. i. 6.

Footnote 710:

Neander, ‘Church History,’ vol. vi. p. 341. Carsten Niebuhr,
‘Reisebeschr.’ vol. ii. p. 396.

Footnote 711:

Palgrave, ‘Arabia,’ vol. i. p. 9; vol. ii. p. 258. See Koran, xli. 37.

Footnote 712:

Tertullian. Apolog. adv. Gentes, xvi. See Lucian. de Saltat. xvii.;
compare Job. xxxi. 26.

Footnote 713:

Leo. I. Serm. viii. in Natal. Dom.

Footnote 714:

Wuttke, ‘Volksaberglaube,’ p. 150.

Footnote 715:

Grimm, ‘Deutsche Myth.’ p. 581, &c. Wuttke, pp. 17, 93. Brand, ‘Pop.
Ant.’ vol. i. p. 157, &c. ‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’ p. 260. Murray’s
‘Handbook for Syria and Palestine,’ 1868, p. 162.

Footnote 716:

See Pauly, ‘Real-Encyclop.’ s.v. ‘Sol;’ Petavius, ‘Juliani Imp.
Opera,’ 290-2, 277. Bingham, ‘Antiquities of Christian Church,’ book
xx. ch. iv.; Neander, ‘Church Hist.’ vol. iii. p. 437; Beausobre,
‘Hist. de Manichée,’ vol. ii. p. 691; Gibbon, ch. xxii.; Creuzer,
‘Symbolik,’ vol. i. p. 761, &c.

Footnote 717:

Grimm, ‘D. M.’ pp. 593, 1223. Brand, ‘Popular Antiquities,’ vol. i. p.
467. Monnier, ‘Traditions Populaires,’ p. 188.

Footnote 718:

Grimm, ‘D. M.’ p. 583; Brand, vol. i. p. 298; Wuttke, pp. 14, 140.
Beausobre, l.c.

Footnote 719:

Spix and Martius, ‘Reise in Brasilien,’ vol. i. pp. 377, 381; Martius,
‘Ethnog. Amer.’ vol. i. p. 327; Pr. Max. v. Wied, vol. ii. p. 58; J.
G. Müller, pp. 218, 254; also Musters, ‘Patagonians,’ pp. 58, 179.

Footnote 720:

De la Borde, ‘Caraibes,’ p. 525.

Footnote 721:

Sproat, ‘Savage Life,’ p. 206; ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. v. p. 253.

Footnote 722:

Brebeuf in ‘Rel. des Jés.’ 1635, p. 34.

Footnote 723:

Livingstone, ‘S. Afr.’ p. 235; Waitz, vol. ii. pp. 175, 342.

Footnote 724:

Römer, ‘Guinea,’ p. 84; Du Chaillu, ‘Ashango-land,’ p. 428; see
Purchas, vol. v. p. 766. Müller, ‘Fetu,’ p. 47.

Footnote 725:

Merolla, ‘Congo,’ in Pinkerton, vol. xvi. p. 273.

Footnote 726:

Kolbe, ‘Beschryving van de Kaap de Goede Hoop,’ part i. xxix. See
ante, vol. i. p. 355.

Footnote 727:

Loskiel, ‘Ind. of N. A.’ part i. p. 43.

Footnote 728:

Bickmore, ‘Ainos,’ in ‘Tr. Eth. Soc.’ vol. vii. p. 20.

Footnote 729:

Hodgson, ‘Abor. of India,’ p. 167.

Footnote 730:

Georgi, ‘Reise im Russ. R.’ vol. i. p. 275.

Footnote 731:

Clavigero, ‘Messico,’ vol. ii. pp. 9, 35; Tylor, ‘Mexico,’ l.c.

Footnote 732:

Waitz, vol. iv. p. 362.

Footnote 733:

Garcilaso de la Vega, ‘Commentarios Reales,’ iii. 21.

Footnote 734:

Siebold, ‘Nippon,’ part v. p. 9.

Footnote 735:

Deuteron. xvii. 3; Polyb. vii. 9; see Movers, ‘Phönizier,’ pp. 159,
536, 605.

Footnote 736:

Lucian. de Syria Dea, iv. 34.

Footnote 737:

Wilkinson, ‘Ancient Egyptians,’ ed. by Birch, vol. iii. p. 174. See
Plutarch. Is. et Osir.

Footnote 738:

Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’ vol. i. p. 550, &c.

Footnote 739:

Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 27.

Footnote 740:

Grimm, ‘D. M.’ ch. xxii.

Footnote 741:

Akerblad, ‘Lettre à Italinsky.’ Burton, ‘Central Afr.’ vol. ii. p.
346. Mungo Park, ‘Travels,’ in ‘Pinkerton,’ vol. xvi. p. 875.

Footnote 742:

Grimm, ‘D. M.’ pp. 29, 667; Brand, vol. iii. p. 146; Forbes Leslie,
‘Early Races of Scotland,’ vol. i. p. 136.