Chapter XXVII: Part 27

Treachery at home, enmity abroad, and misconduct in its own leaders, made the French Revolution result in anarchy, and then in a tyranny. The Civil Wars of Rome resulted in a monarchy, and there was nothing else in which they could end. The Roman monarchy or the Empire was a natural birth. The French Empire was an abortion. The Roman Empire was the proper growth of the ages that had preceded it: they could produce nothing better. In a few years after the battle of Philippi, Cæsar Octavianus got rid of his partner Antonius; and under the administration of Augustus the world enjoyed comparative peace, and the Roman Empire was established and consolidated. The genius of Augustus, often ill appreciated, is demonstrated by the results of his policy. He restored order to a distracted state and transmitted his power to his successors. The huge fabric of Roman greatness resting on its ancient foundations, only crumbled beneath the assaults that time and new circumstances make against all political institutions.

[576] Velleius (ii. 71, quoted by Kaltwasser) states that some of the partisans of Brutus and Cassius wished Messala to put himself at the head of their party, but he declined to try the fortune of another contest.

[577] Compare the Life of Antonius, c. 22. Appian (_Civil Wars_, iv. 135) makes the same statement as Plutarch about the body of Brutus. It is not inconsistent with this that his head was cut off in order to be sent to Rome and thrown at the feet of Cæsar's statue, as Suetonius says (Sueton. _August._ 13). Dion Cassius adds (xlvii. 49) that in the passage from Dyrrachium a storm came on and the head was thrown into the sea.

[578] Nikolaus of Damascus, a Peripatetic philosopher, and a friend of Augustus, wrote a universal history in Greek, in one hundred and forty-four books, of which a few fragments remain. There is also a fragment of his Life of Augustus. The best edition is that of J.C. Orelli, Leipzig, 1804, 8vo.; to which a supplement was published in 1811.

[579] The work of Valerius Maximus is dedicated to the Emperor Tiberius. The death of Porcia is mentioned in lib. iv. c. 6, 5. Appian (_Civil Wars_, iv. 136) and Dion Cassius (xlvii. 49) give the same account of Porcia's death.

[580] Plutarch here evidently doubts the genuineness of the letter attributed to Brutus. The life of Brutus offered good materials for the falsifiers of history, who worked with them after rhetorical fashion. There are a few letters in the collection of Cicero which are genuine, but the single book of letters to Brutus (M. Tullii Ciceronis Epistolorum ad Brutum Liber Singularis) is condemned as a forgery by the best critics. It contains letters of Cicero to Brutus, and of Brutus to Cicero; and a letter of Brutus to Atticus. Genuine letters of Brutus, written day by day, like those of Cicero, would have formed the best materials from which we might judge him.

[581] A despatch rolled in a peculiar manner. See vol. ii. Life of Lysander, ch. 19.

[582] The battle of Kunaxa was fought on the 7th of September 401 B.C.

[583] The title of a great Persian officer of State.

[584] Egypt revolted from Persia B.C. 358. See vol. iii. Life of Agesilaus, ad. fin.

[585] A people of Media on the Caspian Sea.

[586] See Grote on Epameinondas. "The muscularity, purchased by excessive nutriment, of the Boeotian pugilist." (_Hist. of Greece_, part ii. ch. lxxvii.)

[587] See vol. iii. Life of Agesilaus, c. 13, note.

[588] Ptolemy, King of Egypt.

[589] The reading Adria is obviously wrong. Droysen suggests Andros; but Thirlwall much more reasonably conjectures that the word should be Hydrea, observing that the geographical position of Andros does not suit the account given in the text. Clough prefers to read Andros, saying that "Aratus would hardly be thought to have gone from Hydrea to Euboea, which is near enough to Andros to make the supposition in this case not unnatural." But I think that this argument makes just the other way, for the object of Aratus's slaves was to tell the Macedonian officer that their master was gone to a place so far away that it would be useless to attempt to follow him.

[590] The word which I have here translated "portraits" generally means statues, but not necessarily. Probably most of the despots were commemorated by statues.

[591] Philip of Macedon, the father of Alexander, I suppose is meant.

[592] This Alexander was the son of Kraterus, and grandson of Alexander the Great's general of that name.

[593] A common precaution against surprise. See above, ch. viii.

[594] This was Demetrius II., the son of Antigonus Gonatas, who succeeded his father on the throne of Macedonia, B.C. 239.

[595] Apparently the great seal of the league is meant, which we must suppose was entrusted to the general for the time being.

[596] I., ii. 607.

[597] Philip's object in this expedition was to make himself master of Apollonia and Oricum.

[598] "He was forced to burn his ships and retreat overland, leaving his baggage, ammunition, and a great part of the arms of his troops in the enemy's hands." (_Thirlwall's History_, ch. lxiv).

[599] See Merivale's 'History of the Romans under the Empire,' ch. liii. vol. vi. page 142, note.

[600] Quintus Catulus Capitolinus.

[601] Nero set a price upon the head of Vindex, whose designs were speedily revealed to him, and though the forces of the Gaulish province were disposed to follow their chief, the more powerful legions of Lower Germany, under Virginius Rufus, were in full march against them. The armies met at Vesontio, and there Virginius and Vindex at a private interview agreed to conspire together, but their troops could come to no such understanding; the Virginians attacked the soldiers of Vindex, and almost cut them to pieces. Vindex thereupon, with the haste and levity of his race, threw himself upon his sword, and the rebellion seemed for a moment to be crushed. Merivale's 'History of the Romans under the Empire,' vol. vi. ch. lv.

[602] Nero died on the 9th of June, A.D. 68.

[603] The gold ring was presented by the Roman emperors in much the same way as the insignia of an order of chivalry is given by modern sovereigns. Under the republic it had been the distinguishing mark of the equestrian order, and its possession still continued to raise its recipients to the rank of 'eques,' cf. Plin. H.N. 33, 2, and Paulus i. 5, de jure anul.

[604] Clough well remarks that here we may observe the beginning of a state-post, which still exists on the continent of Europe, by which all government couriers, &c., were forwarded free of expense. The modern terms of "diplomacy," "diplomatist," &c., is derived from the "_diplomata_," or folded and sealed dispatches carried by such persons.

[605] Narbonne.

[606] Tacitus sums up the characters of these two men after his manner. "Titus Vinius and Cornelius Laco, the one the worst, the other the laziest of men, &c." Tac. Hist. i. 6.

[607] No doubt Galba's personal appearance offered a striking contrast to that of "the implacable, beautiful tyrant" Nero. See infra, ch. 15, and Tac. Hist. i. 7

[608] 'Tanquam innocentes,' Tac. Hist. i. 6.

[609] More properly "rowers," men employed to row in ships of war, who regarded it as promotion to become legionary soldiers.

[610] Vinius had engaged to marry the daughter of Tigellinus, who was a widow with a large dower.

[611] 'Hordeonius Flaccus,' Tac. Hist. i. 12, 53, etc.

[612] Tigellinus, we have learned from the last chapter but one, was living at Rome. Moreover he was never in command of any legions; and evidently some legions in the provinces are meant. Clough conjectures that we should read Vitellius instead of Tigellinus; and this I think very reasonable.

[613] This seems to be a mistake, as Asiaticus was a freedman of Vitellius. See Tac. (_Hist._ ii. 57)

[614] Of sesterces.

[615] A.D. 69.

[616] The First Legion, in Lower Germany.

[617] At Cologne.

[618] Tac. (_Hist._ i. 62).

[619] Suetonius (_Otho_, 4) calls him Seleukus.

[620] So I have ventured to translate "speculator." The speculatores under the empire were employed as special adjutants, messengers, and bodyguards of a general.

[621] Counting inclusively in the Roman fashion.

[622] The Miliarium Aureum, or Golden Milestone. London Stone was established by the Romans in Britain for the same purpose.

[623] This habit of the ancient Romans, of being carried about Rome in litters, survives to the present day in the Pope's "sedia gestatoria."

[624] We learn from Tacitus that this man was the standard-bearer (vexillarius) of a cohort which still accompanied Galba. Tac. (_Hist._ i. 41).

[625] Galba before leaving the palace had put on a light, quilted tunic. Suet. (_Galba_, ch. 19).

[626] She was obliged to pay for it. Tac. (_Hist._ i. 47).

[627] Patrobius was a freedman of Nero who had been punished by Galba. The words "and Vitellius" are probably corrupt.

[628] Argius was Galba's house-steward. He buried his master's body in his own private garden. Tac. (_Hist._ i. 49).

[629] This life must be read as the sequel to that of Galba.

[630] See Life of Galba, ch. viii., note.

[631] Tac. (_Hist._ i. 80, 82, s. 99).

[632] A body of troops, consisting of two centuriae (Polyb. ii. 23, 1), and consequently commanded by two centurions.

[633] Tacitus (_Hist._ i. 83, 84) gives Otho's speech at length.

[634] Almost literally translated by Plutarch from Tacitus (_Hist._ i. 71)

[635] Tac. (_Hist._ i. 86).

[636] Caius Julius Cæsar.

[637] Tac. (_Hist._ i. 86).

[638] These are more particularly described in Tac. (_Hist._ ii. 21).

[639] I imagine that Cæcina made himself disliked by using signs instead of speaking, not that he had forgotten his language, but because he did not choose to speak to the provincial magistrates. Tacitus (_Hist._ ii. 20) says that he conducted himself modestly while in Italy.

[640] We learn from Tacitus (_Hist._ ii. 20) that her name was Salonina. He adds that she did no one any harm, but that people were offended with her because she rode upon a fine horse and dressed in scarlet.

[641] "At every place where he halted his devouring legions, and at every place which he was induced to pass without halting, this rapacious chief required to be gratified with money, under threats of plunder and conflagration." Merivale (_History of the Romans_, ch. lvi.)

[642] Tacitus (_Hist._ i. 87) describes Julius Proculus as active in the discharge of his duties at Rome, but ignorant of real war. He was, Tacitus adds, a knave and a villain, who got himself preferred before honest men by the unscrupulous accusations which he brought against them.

[643] Tac. _Hist._ ii. 30.

[644] Tacitus, (_Hist._ ii. 39) says that Otho was not present, but sent letters to the generals urging them to make haste. He adds that it is not so easy to decide what ought to have been done as to condemn what was actually done.

[645] Tac. (_Hist._ ii. 37).

[646] Tac. (_Hist._ ii. 43). The legions were the 21st "Rapax," and the 1st "Adjutrix."

[647] Their journey was, no doubt, back to Rome.

INDEX.

Abantes, i. Theseus, ch. 5.

Abantidas of Sikyon, iv. Aratus, ch. 2.

Abas, river, iii. Pompeius, ch. 35.

Abdera, iii. Alexander, ch. 52.

Aboeokritus, iv. Aratus, ch. 16.

Abolus, river in Sicily, i. Timoleon, ch. 34.

Abra, iv. Cicero, ch. 28.

Abriorix the Gaul, iii. Cæsar, ch. 24.

Abrotonon, i. Themistokles, ch. 1.

Abouletes, iii. Alexander, ch. 68.

Abydos, i. Alkibiades, chs. 27, 29; iii. Cæsar, ch. 69.

Academia, a garden at Athens, i. Theseus, ch. 32; Solon, ch. 1;
ii. Sulla, ch. 12; Kimon, ch. 13.

----, a school of philosophy, ii. Philopoemen, ch. 1; Lucullus,
ch. 42; Comparison of Kimon and Lucullus, ch. 1; iii. Phokion,
ch. 4; iv. Cicero, ch. 4; Dion, chs. 14, 20, 22, 47, 52;
Brutus, ch. 2.

Academus, i. Theseus, ch. 32.

Acerræ, ii. Marcellus, ch. 6.

Achæans of Phthiotis, i. Perikles, ch. 17; ii. Pelopidas, ch.
31; Flamininus, ch. 10.

Achæan harbour, ii. Lucullus, ch. 12.

Achæa and Achæans, i. Perikles, chs. 17, 19; Cato Major, ch. 9;
Philopoemen, chs. 9, 12, 14, 16, and after; Flamininus, chs. 13,
17; Agesilaus, ch. 22; iv. Agis, chs. 13, 15; Kleomenes, ch. 3,
and after; Demosthenes, ch. 17; Dion, ch. 23; Aratus, chs. 9,
11, and after.

Achaicus, surname of Mummius, ii. Marius, ch. 1.

Acharnæ, i. Themistokles, ch. 24; Perikles, ch. 33.

'Acharnians,' play of Aristophanes, i. Perikles, ch. 30.

Achelous, i. Perikles, ch. 19.

Achillas, an Egyptian, iii. Pompeius, chs. 77-80; Cæsar, ch.
49.

Achilles, i. Theseus, ch. 34; Camillus, ch. 13; Alkibiades, ch.
23; ii. Aristeides, ch. 7; Philopoemen, ch. 1; Pyrrhus, chs. 1,
13, 22; Comparison of Lysander and Sulla, ch. 4; iii. Pompeius,
ch. 29; Alexander, chs. 5, 15, 24.

----, a Macedonian, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 2.

Achradina, in Syracuse, i. Timoleon, ch. 21; ii. Marcellus, ch.
18; iv. Dion, chs. 29, 30, 35, 42.

Acilius, a historian, i. Romulus, ch. 21; ii. Cato Major, ch.
22.

----, Glabrio, Manius, ii. Sulla, ch. 12; Cato Major, chs. 12,
14.

----, a friend of Brutus, iv. Brutus, ch. 23.

----, a soldier of Cæsar, iii. Cæsar, ch. 16.

Aciris, river in Lucania, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 16.

Acrillæ, ii. Marcellus, ch. 18.

Acrocorinthus, the citadel of Corinth, iv. Kleomenes, chs. 16,
19; Aratus, ch. 16, and after.

Acron, king of the Ceninetes, killed by Romulus, i. Romulus,
ch. 16; Comparison, ch. 1.

Actium, iv. Antonius, chs. 62, 63, 71.

Ada, queen of Caria, iii. Alexander, ch. 22.

Adeimantus, an Archon, i. Themistokles, ch. 5; an Athenian
general, i. Alkibiades, ch. 36.

Adiabeni, ii. Lucullus, chs. 26, 27.

Admetus, king of the Molossians, i. Themistokles, ch. 24; king
of Pheræ, i. Numa, ch 4.

Adonis, festival of, i. Alkibiades, ch. 18; iii. Nikias, ch.
13.

Adramyttium, iv. Cicero, ch. 4.

Adranum, i. Timoleon, chs. 12, 16.

Adranus, i. Timoleon, ch. 12.

Adrastean hills, ii. Lucullus, ch. 9.

Adrastus, i. Theseus, ch. 29.

Adria, a town of the Tyrrhenians, i. Camillus, ch. 16.

----, a corrupt reading in Aratus, iv. Aratus, ch. 12.

Adrianus, ii. Lucullus, ch. 17.

Adrumetum, iii. Cato Minor, ch. 59.

Æakides, son of Arybas, father of Pyrrhus, king of the
Molossians, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 1.

----, ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 1, 2.

Æakus, i. Theseus, ch. 10.

Ædepsus, ii. Sulla, ch. 26.

Ædui, iii. Cæsar, ch. 26.

Ægæ, i. Themistokles, ch. 26.

Ægeis, Attic tribe, i. Alkibiades, ch. 21.

Ægeste, town in Sicily. _See_ Egesta.

Ægeus, father of Theseus, i. Theseus, chs. 3, 4, 12, 13, 17,
22; Comparison, ch. 6.

Ægialia, iv. Kleomenes, chs. 31, 32.

Ægias, banker at Sikyon, iv. Aratus, chs. 18, 19.

Ægikoreis, Attic tribe, i. Solon, ch. 23. _See_ Aigikoreis.

Ægina, i. Themistokles, chs. 4, 15, 17, 19; Perikles, chs. 8,
34; ii. Aristeides, ch. 8; Lysander, chs. 9, 14; iii.
Comparison of Nikias and Crassus, ch. 4; iv. Demosthenes, ch.
26.

Ægium, ii. Cato Major, ch. 12; iv. Kleomenes, chs. 17, 25;
Aratus, ch. 42.

Ægle, daughter of Panopeus, i. Theseus, chs. 20, 29.

Ægospotami, i. Alkibiades, ch. 36; ii. Lysander, chs. 9-12; iv.
Artaxerxes, ch. 21.

Ælia, wife of Sulla, ii. Sulla, ch. 6.

Ælii, i. Æmilius, ch. 5.

Ælius, Sextus, ii. Flamininus, ch. 2.

Ælius Tubero, i. Æmilius, chs. 5, 27, 28.

Æmilia, daughter of Æneas, i. Romulus, ch. 2.

----, wife of Africanus, i. Æmilius, ch. 1.

----, stepdaughter of Sulla and wife of Pompeius, ii. Sulla, ch.
33; iii. Pompeius, ch. 9.

Æmilii, i. Numa, ch. 8; Æmilius, ch. 1.

Æmilius, son of Pythagoras, _ibidem_.

----, Quintus, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 21.

----, Lucius. _See_ Paulus.

----, Marcus (Lucius Æmilius Mamercinus), i. Camillus, ch. 42.

----, Marcus Lepidus, i. Æmilius, ch. 38.

----, a crier, i. Æmilius, ch, 38.

----, quæstor (censor?), i. Numa, ch. 9.

Ænaria (now Ischia), off the coast of Campania, ii. Marius,
chs. 37, 40.

Æneas, i. Romulus, ch. 2; Comparison, ch. 5; Camillus, ch. 20.

Ænus, in Thrace, iii. Cato Minor, ch. 11.

Æolus, islands of, i. Camillus, ch. 8.

Æquians, i. Camillus, chs. 2, 33, 35; Coriolanus, ch. 39.

Æropus, a friend of Pyrrhus, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 8; a king of
Macedonia, iv. Demetrius, ch. 20.

Æschines, orator, iv. Demosthenes, chs. 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, 22,
24.

Æschines of Lampra, ii. Aristeides, ch. 13.

----, scholar of Sokrates, i. Perikles, chs. 24, 32; ii.
Aristeides, ch. 25.

Æschylus, an Argive, iv. Aratus, ch. 25.

----, kinsman of Timoleon, i. Timoleon, ch. 4.

----, the poet, i. Theseus, ch. 1; Romulus, ch. 9; Themistokles,
ch. 14; ii. Aristeides, ch. 3; Kimon, ch. 8; iii. Pompeius, ch.
1; Alexander, ch. 8; iv. Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero,
ch. 2; Demetrius, ch. 35.

Æsculapius, i. Numa, ch. 4; iii. Pompeius, ch. 24.

Æsion, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 11.

Æson, a river, i. Æmilius, ch. 16.

Æsopus, tragic poet, iv. Cicero, ch. 5.

----, the fabulist, i. Solon, chs. 6, 28; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 34;
iii. Crassus, ch. 32; iv. Aratus, chs. 30, 38.

Æsuvian meadow, i. Poplicola, ch. 9.

Æthra, i. Theseus, chs. 3, 4, 6, 7, 34.

Ætolia and Ætolians, ii. Cato Major, ch. 13; Philopoemen, chs.
7, 15; Flamininus, chs. 7-10, 15; iii. Alexander, ch. 49; iv.
Agis, ch. 13; Kleomenes, chs. 10, 18, 34; Demetrius, ch. 40;
Aratus, frequent.

Afidius, ii. Sulla, ch. 31.

Afranius, consul B.C. 60, iii. Sertorius, ch. 19; Pompeius,
chs. 34, 36, 44, 67; Cæsar, chs. 36, 41, 53.

Agamemnon, i. Perikles, ch. 28; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 21;
Lysander, ch. 15; iii. Nikias, ch. 5; Sertorius ch. 1;
Agesilaus, chs. 6, 9; Pompeius, ch. 67; Cæsar, ch. 41;
Comparison, ch. 4.

Agariste, mother of Perikles, i. Perikles, ch. 3.

Agatharchus, a painter, i. Perikles, ch. 13.

Agathoklea, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 33.

Agathokles, son of Lysimachus, iv. Demetrius, chs. 31, 46, 47.
Of Syracuse, ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 9, 14; iv. Demetrius, ch. 25.

Agave, iii. Crassus, ch. 33, note.

Agesias of Acharnæ, ii. Aristeides, ch. 13.

Agesilaus I., king of Sparta, iii.; Life and Comparison with
Pompeius, i. Lykurgus, chs. 12, 29; Timoleon, ch. 36; ii.
Pelopidas, chs. 16, 21, 30; Flamininus, ch. 11; Lysander, chs.
22-27, 30; Kimon, chs. 10, 19; iii. Phokion, ch. 3; iv. Agis,
chs. 3, 4, 14; Artaxerxes, ch. 20.

----, uncle of Agis IV., iv. Agis, chs. 6, 9, 12, 13, 16, 19;
Comparison, ch. 4.

Agesipolis I., king of Sparta, son of Pausanias, ii. Pelopidas,
ch. 4; iii. Agesilaus, chs. 20, 24; iv. Agis, ch. 3.

----, II., king of Sparta, son of Kleombrotus, iv. Agis, ch. 3.

Agesistrata, mother of Agis IV., iv. Agis, chs. 4, 20.

Agiadæ, ii. Lysander, chs. 24, 30.

Agias, at Argos, iv. Aratus, ch. 29.

Agiatis, daughter of Gylippus, iv., Kleomenes, chs. 1, 22.

Agis I., king of Sparta, ii. Lysander, chs. 24, 30; iv. Agis.
ch. 3.

----, II., king of Sparta, son of Archidamus II., i. Lykurgus,
chs. 11, 18, 19, 28, 29; Alkibiades, chs. 24, 25, 34, 38; ii.
Lysander, chs. 9, 14, 22; iii. Agesilaus, chs. 1-4.

----, III., king of Sparta, son of Archidamus III., iii.
Agesilaus, ch. 15; iv. Agis, ch. 3; Demosthenes, ch. 24.

----, IV., king of Sparta, son of Eudamidas, iv. Life and
Comparison with the Gracchi; iii. Agesilaus, ch. 40; iv.
Kleomenes, ch. 1; Aratus, ch. 31.

Agnus, Attic township, i. Theseus, ch. 13.

Agraulai, i. Themistokles, ch. 23.

Agraulos, i. Alkibiades, ch. 15.

Agrigentum, i. Timoleon, ch. 35; ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 22; iv. Dion,
ch. 26.

Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, iv. Comparison of Demosthenes and
Cicero, ch. 3; Antonius, chs. 35, 65, 66, 73, 87; Brutus, ch.
27; Galba, ch. 25.

----, Menenius, i. Coriolanus, ch. 6.

Agrippina, iv. Antonius, ch. 87; Galba, ch. 14.

Agylæus, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 8.

Ahala, Servilius, iv. Brutus, ch. 1.

Ahenobarbus, the first of the name, i. Æmilius, ch. 26. _See_
Domitius.

Ajax, i. Theseus, ch. 29; Solon, ch. 10; Alkibiades, ch. 1;
iii. Pompeius, ch. 72.

Aidoneus, king of the Molossians, i. Theseus, chs. 31, 35.

Aiantis, Attic tribe, ii. Aristeides, ch. 19.

Aipeia, i. Solon, ch. 26.

Aithra. _See_ Æthra.

Aius Locutius, i. Camillus, ch. 30.

Akademus, i. Theseus, ch. 32. _See_ Academia.

Akamantis, Athenian tribe, i. Perikles, ch. 3.

Akanthians, ii. Lysander, chs. 1, 18.

Akestodorus, i. Themistokles, ch. 13.

Akontium, iii. Sulla, chs. 17, 19.

Akræ, iv. Dion, ch. 27.

Akrillæ. _See_ Acrillæ.

Akrotatus I., king of Sparta, iv. Agis, ch. 3.

----, II., king of Sparta, grandson of Akrotatus I., ii. Pyrrhus,
chs. 26, 28; iv. Agis, ch. 3.

Akrourian mountain, iii. Phokion, ch. 33.

Akte, iv. Aratus, ch. 40.

Alba, in Latium, i. Romulus, chs. 3, 7, 9, 27, 28; Comparison
of Theseus and Romulus, ch. 1; Pompeius, chs. 53, 80; Cæsar,
ch. 60; iv. Antonius, ch. 60.

Albans, i. Romulus, ch. 2; Camillus, ch. 17. Alban farm, ii.
Sulla, ch. 31. Alban hills, iv. Cicero, ch. 31. Alban mount,
ii. Marcellus, ch. 22.

Albani of the Caucasus, ii. Lucullus, ch. 26; iii. Pompeius,
chs. 34, 35, 38, 45; iv. Antonius, ch. 34.

Albinus, Decimus Brutus. _See_ under Brutus.

----, or Albinius, Lucius, i. Camillus, ch. 21.

----, Spurius Postumius, consul B.C. 110, ii. Marius, ch. 9.

Aleas, ii. Lysander, ch. 28.

Alesia, iii. Cæsar, ch. 27.

Alexander of Antioch, iv. Antonius, ch. 46.

----, son of Antony and Cleopatra, iv. Antonius, ch. 54.

----, son of Kassander, ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 6, 7; iv. Demetrius,
ch. 36; Comparison of Demetrius and Antonius, 5.

----, an Aristotelian philosopher, a teacher of Crassus, iii.
Crassus, ch. 3.

----, grandson of Kraterus, iv. Aratus, ch. 17.

----, son of Demetrius, iv. Demetrius, ch. 53.

----, a freedman, iii. Pompeius, ch. 4.

----, a young Macedonian, iii. Alexander, ch. 58.

----, I., king of Macedon, ii. Aristeides, ch. 15; Kimon, ch. 14.

----, II., king of Macedon, ii. Pelopidas, chs. 26-28.

----, the Great, iii. Life; i. Theseus, ch. 5; Camillus, ch. 19;
Æmilius, ch. 23; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 34; Aristeides, ch. 11;
Philopoemen, ch. 4; Flamininus, chs. 7, 21; Pyrrhus, chs. 8, 11,
19; iii. Comparison of Nikias and Crassus, ch. 4; Eumenes, chs.
1, 6, 7; Agesilaus, ch. 15; Pompeius, chs. 2, 34, 45;
Comparison of Pompeius and Agesilaus, ch. 2; Cæsar, ch. 11;
Phokion, chs. 9, 17, 18, 22; iv. Demosthenes, chs. 9, 20, 23,
24, 25, 27, &c.; Demetrius, chs. 10, 25, 27, 29, 37; Antonius,
chs. 6, 80; Comparison of Demetrius and Antonius, ch. 4;
Kleomenes, ch. 31.

Alexander, son of Priam, iv. Galba, ch. 19.

----, the Myndian, ii. Marius, ch. 17.

----, son of Perseus, i. Æmilius, ch. 37.

----, of Pheræ, ii. Pelopidas, chs. 26, 31, 32.

----, son of Polysperchon, iii. Phokion, ch. 33; iv. Demetrius,
ch. 9.

----, son of Pyrrhus, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 9.

----, son of Roxana, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 4.

----, general of the Thracians, i. Æmilius, ch. 18.

Alexandria and Alexandrians, ii. Lucullus, ch. 2; iii.
Pompeius, ch. 49; Alexander, ch. 26; Cæsar, ch. 48; Cato Minor,
ch. 35; iv. Kleomenes, chs. 37, 39; Antonius, chs. 69, 71, and
after.

Alexandropolis, iii. Alexander, ch. 9.

Alexandristes, ii. Alexander, ch. 24.

Alexas of Laodicea, iv. Antonius, ch. 72.

----, a Syrian, perhaps, same as preceding, iv. Antonius, ch. 66.

Alexikrates, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 5.

Alexippus, iii. Alexander, ch. 41.

Alfenus Varus, general of Vitellius, iv. Otho, ch. 12. _See_
Alphenus.

Alkæus, an epigrammatist, ii. Flamininus, ch. 9.

----, of Sardis, iii. Pompeius, ch. 37.

Alkander, a Spartan, i. Lykurgus, ch. 10.

Alketas, king of the Molossians, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 1.

----, iii. Eumenes, chs. 5, 8; Alexander, ch. 55.

Alkibiades, i. Life and Comparison with Coriolanus; Lykurgus,
ch. 15; Numa, ch. 8; Perikles, chs. 20, 37; ii. Pelopidas, ch.
4; Aristeides, ch. 7; Flamininus, ch. 11; Lysander, chs. 3, 4,
10, 11; Comparison of Lysander and Sulla ch. 4; iii. Nikias,
chs. 9-15; Comparison of Nikias and Crassus, chs. 2, 3;
Agesilaus, ch. 3; iv. Demosthenes, chs. 1, 27; Comparison of
Demosthenes and Cicero, ch. 4; Antonius, ch. 70.

Alkidamas, an orator, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 5.

Alkimenes, an Achæan, iv. Dion, ch. 23.

Alkimus, a promontory in Attica, i. Themistokles, ch. 32.

Alkimus, an Epirot, iv. Demetrius, ch. 21.

Alkmæon, in command of the Athenians, i. Solon, chs. 11, 30.

----, of Agraulæ, i. Themistokles, ch. 23; ii. Aristeides, ch.
25.

----, son of Amphiaraus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 1; iv. Aratus, ch. 3.

Alkmæonidæ, i. Perikles, ch. 33.

Alkman, a Lacedæmonian poet, i. Lykurgus, ch. 27; ii. Sulla,
ch. 36.

Alkmena, mother of Herakles, i. Theseus, ch. 7; Romulus, ch.
28; ii. Lysander, ch. 28.

Allia, river, i. Camillus, chs. 18, 19.

Allobroges, iv. Cicero, ch. 18.

Alopekæ, township in Attica, i. Themistokles, ch. 32; Perikles,
ch. 11; ii. Aristeides, ch. 1.

Alopekus, or Fox-hill, ii. Lysander, ch. 29.

Alphenus Varus, iv. Otho, ch. 12.

Alsæa, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 7.

Alykus, son of Skeiron, i. Theseus, ch. 32.

Amantius (Matius?), friend of Cæsar, iii. Cæsar, ch. 50.

Amanus, iii. Pompeius, ch. 39; iv. Cicero, ch. 36; Demetrius,
ch. 48.

Amarsyas, i. Theseus, ch. 17.

Amathus, i. Theseus, ch. 20.

Amazons, i. Theseus, chs. 26-28; Comparison of Theseus and
Romulus, ch. 1; Perikles, ch. 31; ii. Lucullus, ch. 23; iii.
Pompeius, ch. 35; Alexander, ch. 46; iv. Demosthenes, ch. 19.

Amazoneum, at Athens, i. Theseus, ch. 27; at Chalkis, i.
Theseus, ch. 27.

Ambiorix, or Abriorix, iii. Cæsar, ch. 24.

Ambrakia in Acarnania, i. Perikles, ch. 16; ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 6.

Ambrones, a Celtic tribe, ii. Marius, chs. 15, 19, 20.

Ambustus, Q. Fabius, i. Numa, ch. 12; Camillus, ch. 4.

Ameinias, of Dekeleia, i. Themistokles, ch. 14; Comparison of
Aristeides and Cato, ch. 2.

----, a Phokian, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 29.

Ameria, in Umbria, ii. Marius, ch. 17.

Amestris, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 2, 3, 27.

Amisus, a town in Pontus, i. Lucullus, chs. 14, 15, 19, 32, 33;
iii. Pompeius, ch. 38.

Ammon, ii. Lysander, chs. 20, 25; Kimon, ch. 8; iii. Nikias,
ch. 13; Alexander, chs. 26, 27, 47, 50.

----, son of Zeus and Pasiphæ, iv. Agis, ch. 9.

Ammonius, i. Themistokles, ch. 32.

Amnæus, iii. Cato Minor, ch. 19.

Amoebeus, iv. Aratus, ch. 17.

Amompharetus, i. Solon, ch. 10; ii. Aristeides, ch. 17.

Amorgos, iv. Demetrius, ch. 11.

Amphares, iv. Agis, chs. 18-21.

Amphiaraus, i. Aristeides, chs. 3, 19; iv. Aratus, ch. 3.

Amphikrates, ii. Lucullus, ch. 22.

Amphiktyons, i. Solon, ch. 11; Themistokles, ch. 20; ii. Cato
Major, ch. 12; Sulla, ch. 12; Kimon, ch. 8.

Amphilochia, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 6.

Amphipolis, i. Lykurgus, ch. 24; Æmilius, chs. 23, 24; ii.
Kimon, ch. 8; iii. Nikias, chs. 9, 10; Pompeius, ch. 74.

Amphissa, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 18; Antonius, ch. 28.

Amphitheus, ii. Lysander, ch. 27.

Amphitrope, i. Aristeides, ch. 26.

Amphitryon, ii. Lysander, ch. 28.

Amulius, i. Romulus, chs. 3, 6-9, 21; Comparison of Theseus and
Romulus, ch. 1.

Amykla, i. Alkibiades, ch. 1; Lykurgus, ch. 15.

Amyklas, iv. Agis, ch. 9.

Amyntas, a Macedonian, iii. Alexander, ch. 20.

----, envoy of Philip, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 18.

----, king of Lycaonia and Galatia, iv. Antonius, chs. 61, 63.

Anaitis (Artemis), iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 27.

Anakes, i. Theseus, ch. 33; Numa, ch. 13.

Anacharsis, i. Solon, ch. 5.

Anakreon, i. Perikles, ch. 27.

Analius, Lucius, iii. Comparison of Nikias and Crassus, ch. 2.

Anaphlystus, ii. Kimon, ch. 17.

Anapus, i. Timoleon, ch. 21; ii. Nikias, 16; iv. Dion, ch. 27.

Anaxagorus, a philosopher, i. Themistokles, ch. 2; Perikles,
chs. 4, 5, 6, 8, 16, 32; ii. Lysander, ch. 12; iii. Nikias, ch.
23.

Anaxandrides, of Delphi, ii. Lysander, ch. 18.

Anaxarchus, a philosopher, iii. Alexander, chs. 8, 28, 32.

Anaxenor, iv. Antonius, ch. 24.

Anaxidamus, of Chæronea, ii. Sulla, chs. 17, 19.

Anaxilas, i. Solon, ch. 10.

Anaxilaus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 31.

Anaximenes, i. Poplicola, ch. 9; iv. Demosthenes, ch. 28;
Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero, ch. 2.

Anaxo, i. Theseus, ch. 29; Comparison of Theseus and Romulus,
ch. 6.

Ancharia, iv. Antonius, ch. 31.

Ancharius, ii. Marius, ch. 43.

Ancus Marcius, i. Coriolanus, ch. 1.

Andokides, i. Themistokles, ch. 32; Alkibiades, ch. 21; Nikias,
ch. 31.

Androgeus, i. Theseus, ch. 15, 16; Comparison of Theseus and
Romulus, ch. 1.

Androkleon, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 2.

Androkles, i. Alkibiades, ch. 19.

Androkleides, an Epirot, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 2.

----, an author, ii. Lysander, ch. 8.

----, a Boeotian, ii. Lysander, ch. 27.

Androkottus, iii. Alexander, ch. 62.

Androkrates, i. Aristeides, ch. 11.

Androkydes, ii. Pelopidas, ch. 25.

Andromache, ii. Pelopidas, ch. 29; iii. Alexander, ch. 51; iv.
Brutus, ch. 23.

Andromachus, of Carrhæ, iii. Crassus, ch. 29.

----, of Tauromenium, i. Timoleon, ch. 10.

Andron, i. Theseus, ch. 25.

Andronikus, ii. Sulla, ch. 26.

Andros, i. Themistokles, ch. 21; Perikles, ch. 11; Alkibiades,
ch. 35; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 2, and (?) iv. Aratus, ch. 12.

Androtion, a writer, i. Solon, ch. 15.

----, an Athenian, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 15.

Angelus, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 2.

Anicius, Lucius, i. Æmilius, ch. 13.

Anienus, iii. Cæsar, ch. 58.

Anio, i. Poplicola, ch. 21; Camillus, ch. 41; Coriolanus, ch.
6.

Annalius. _See_ Analius.

Anius, a river in Epirus, iii. Cæsar, ch. 38.

Annius, Caius, iii. Sertorius, ch. 7.

----, who killed Antonius the orator, ii. Marius, ch. 44.

----, Milo. _See_ Milo.

----, Titus, iv. Tib. Gracchus, ch. 14.

Annius Gallus, iv. Otho, chs. 7, 8, 13.

Antæus, i. Theseus, ch. 11; iii. Sertorius, ch. 9.

Antagoras, i. Aristeides, ch. 23.

Antalkidas, i. Lykurgus, ch. 12; ii. Pelopidas, chs. 15, 30;
iii. Agesilaus, chs. 23, 26, 32; iv. Artaxerxes, chs. 21, 22.

Antemna, or Antemnæ, i. Romulus, ch. 17; ii. Sulla, ch. 30.

Antenor, i. Numa, ch. 8.

Anthedon, ii. Sulla, ch. 26.

Anthemion, i. Alkibiades, ch. 4; Coriolanus, ch. 14.

Anthemokritus, i. Perikles, ch. 30.

Antho, i. Romulus, ch. 3.

Anticato, iii. Cæsar, ch. 54; iv. Cicero, ch. 39.

Antikleides, iii. Alexander, ch. 46.

Antikrates, iii. Agesilaus, ch. 35.

Antikyra, iv. Demetrius, ch. 24.

----, a town in Phokis, iv. Antonius, ch. 68.

Antigenes, chief of the Asgyraspids, iii. Eumenes, chs. 13, 16;
Alexander, ch. 70.

----, a writer, iv. Alexander, ch. 46.

Antigenidas, iv. Demetrius, ch. 1.

Antigone, daughter of Philip and Berenike, ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 4,
5, 9.

----, of Pydna, iii. Alexander, ch. 48.

Antigonea, iv. Aratus, ch. 45.

Antigonis, Attic tribe, iv. Demetrius, ch. 10.

Antigonus, father of Demetrius Poliorketes, i. Romulus, ch. 17;
Æmilius, chs. 8, 33; ii. Pelopidas, chs. 1, 2; Pyrrhus, chs. 4,
8; iii. Sertorius, ch. 1; Eumenes, chs. 3, 8, and following;
Comparison of Eumenes and Sertorius, ch. 2; Alexander, ch. 77;
Phokion, chs. 29, 30; iv. Demetrius throughout; Comparison of
Demetrius and Antonius, ch. 1; Aratus, ch. 54.

----, Gonatas, son of Demetrius, i. Æmilius, ch. 8; ii. Pyrrhus,
chs. 26, 29, 30, and following; iv. Demetrius, chs. 39, 40, 51,
53; Aratus, chs. 4, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 23-25, 34, 43.

----, Doson, king of Macedonia, i. Coriolanus, ch. 11; Æmilius,
ch. 8; ii. Philopoemen, chs. 6, 7; iv. Kleomenes, chs. 16, 20,
and following; Aratus, ch. 38, and following.

Antigonus, king of the Jews, iv. Antonius, ch. 36.

Antilibanus, iii. Alexander, ch. 24.

Antimachus, poet of Kolophon, i. Timoleon, ch 36; ii. Lysander,
ch. 18.

----, poet of Teos, i. Romulus, ch. 12.

Antioch on the Orontes, near Daphne, capital of Syria, ii.
Lucullus, ch. 21, and note; iii. Pompeius ch. 40; Cato Minor,
ch. 13; iv. Demetrius, ch. 32; Galba, ch. 13.

----, of Mygdonia, ii. Lucullus, ch. 32.

Antiochis, an Athenian tribe, i. Aristeides, chs. 1, 5.

Antiochus of Askalon, ii. Lucullus, chs. 28, 42; iv. Cicero,
ch. 4; Brutus, ch. 2.

----, Athenian pilot, i. Alkibiades, chs. 10, 35; ii. Lysander,
ch. 5; Comparison of Lysander and Sulla, ch. 4.

----, of Commagene, iv. Antonius, ch. 34.

----, I., Soter, son of Seleukus, iv. Demetrius, chs. 20, 31, 38,
51.

----, III., the Great, i. Æmilius, chs. 4, 7; ii. Cato Major,
chs. 12, 13, 14; Comparison of Aristeides and Cato, chs. 2, 5;
Philopoemen, ch. 17; Flamininus, chs. 9, 15, 16, 17, 20; Sulla,
ch. 12; Lucullus, chs. 11, 31; iii. Crassus, ch. 26.

Antiope, i. Theseus, chs. 26, 27; Comparison of Theseus and
Romulus, ch. 6.

Antiorus, i. Lykurgus, ch. 31.

Antipater, governor of Macedonia, i. Camillus, ch. 19;
Comparison of Alkibiades and Coriolanus, ch. 3; Comparison of
Aristeides and Cato, ch. 2; iii. Eumenes, chs. 3, 4, 6, 8, 12;
Agesilaus, ch. 15; Alexander, chs. 11, 39, 46, 47, 74, 77;
Phokion, chs. 1, 17, 23, 25-31; iv. Agis, ch. 2; Demosthenes,
chs. 27-29; Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero, ch. 5;
Demetrius, chs. 14, 47; Comparison of Antonius and Demetrius,
ch. 1.

Antipater, son of Kassander, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 6; Demetrius,
chs. 36, 37.

----, of Tarsus, ii. Marius, ch. 46; iv. Tib. Gracchus, ch. 8.

----, of Tyre, iii. Cato Minor, ch. 4.

Antiphanes, comic poet, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 9.

Antiphates, i. Themistokles, ch. 18.

Antiphilus, iii. Phokion, chs. 24, 25.

Antiphon, an orator, i. Alkibiades, ch. 3; iii. Nikias, ch. 6;
iv. Antonius, ch. 28.

----, a criminal, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 14.

Antisthenes, i. Lykurgus, ch. 30; Perikles, ch. 1; Alkibiades,
ch. 1.

Antistia, wife of Appius Claudius, iv. Tib. Gracchus, ch. 4.

----, wife of Pompeius, iii. Pompeius, chs. 4, 9.

Antistius (Appuleius?), in command of ships, iv. Brutus, ch.
25.

----, father-in-law of Pompeius, iii. Pompeius, chs. 4, 9.

Antium, i. Romulus, ch. 14; Fabius, ch. 2; Coriolanus, chs. 9,
13, 39; iv. Brutus, ch. 21.

Anton, son of Hercules, iv. Antonius, ch. 4.

Antonia, iv. Antonius, ch. 87.

Antonias, flagship of Cleopatra, iv. Antonius, ch. 60.

Antonius, Marcus, the orator, ii. Marius, ch. 44; iii.
Pompeius, ch. 24; iv. Antonius, ch. 1.

----, Creticus, father of the triumvir, iv. Antonius, ch. 1.

----, Caius, son of the orator, iii. Cicero, chs. 11, 12, 16; iv.
Antonius, ch. 1.

----, Caius, brother of the triumvir, iv. Antonius, chs. 15, 22;
Brutus, ch. 26, and after.

----, Lucius, brother of the triumvir, iv. Antonius, ch. 15.

----, Iulus, son of Marcus Antonius and Fulvia, iv. Antonius, ch.
87.

Antonius, Publius, more properly Caius, iii. Cæsar, ch. 4.

----, Lucius Antonius Saturninus, who rebelled against Domitian,
i. Æmilius, ch. 25.

----, murderer of Sertorius, iii. Sertorius, ch. 26.

----, Marcus, the triumvir, iv. Life and Comparison; i. Numa, ch.
20; Æmilius, ch. 38; iii. Pompeius, chs. 58, 59; Cæsar, ch. 30,
and after; Cato Minor, ch. 73; iv. Cicero, ch. 41, and after;
Demetrius, ch. 1; Brutus, chs. 18-24, 38, 41, and after;
Comparison of Brutus and Dion, ch. 5.

----, Honoratus, iv. Galba, ch. 14.

Antyllius, Q., iv. C. Gracchus, chs. 13, 14; Comparison, ch. 5.

Antyllus, iv. Antonius, chs. 71, 81, 87.

Anytus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 3; Coriolanus, ch. 14.

Aollius, or Avillius. _See_ Avillius.

Aous. _See_ Anius.

Apama, wife of Seleukus, iv. Demetrius, ch. 31.

----, daughter of Artaxerxes, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 27.

----, daughter of Artabazus, wife of Ptolemy, iii. Eumenes, ch.
1.

Apellas, a Macedonian, iv. Aratus, ch. 48.

Apelles, the painter, iii. Alexander, ch. 4; iv. Demetrius, ch.
22; Aratus, ch. 13.

Apellikon, of Teos, ii. Sulla, ch. 26.

Apemantes, iv. Antonius, ch. 70.

Aperantians, ii. Flamininus, ch. 15.

Aphetai, i. Themistokles, ch. 7.

Aphidnæ, i. Theseus, chs. 31-33; comparison, ch. 6.

Aphidnus, i. Theseus, ch. 33.

Aphytæ, ii. Lysander, ch. 20.

Aphrodite, i. Numa, ch. 19.

Aphepsion, an Archon, ii. Kimon, ch. 8.

Apis, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 34.

Apollodorus, governor of Babylon, iii. Alexander, ch. 73.

----, the Phalerian, iii. Cato Minor, ch. 46.

----, a Sicilian, iii. Cæsar, ch. 49.

----, a writer, i. Lykurgus, ch. 1.

----, an Athenian, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 15; comparison of
Demosthenes and Cicero, ch. 3.

Apollokrates, iv. Dion, chs. 37, 40, 41, 51, 56.

Apollonia, in Mysia, ii. Lucullus, ch. 11.

----, in Sicily, i. Timoleon, ch. 24.

----, in Epirus, ii. Sulla, ch. 27; iii. Cæsar, chs. 37, 38; iv.
Cicero, ch. 43; Antonius, ch. 16; Brutus, chs. 22, 25, 26.

Apollonides, iv. Demetrius, ch. 50.

----, a philosopher, iii. Cato Minor, chs. 65, 66, 69, 70.

Apollonius, son of Molon, iii. Cæsar, ch. 3; iv. Cicero, ch. 4.

----, despot of Zenodotia, iii. Crassus, ch. 17.

Apollophanes, iii. Agesilaus, ch. 12.

Apollothemis, i. Lykurgus, ch. 31.

Aponius, iv. Galba, ch. 8.

Apothetæ, or the "Exposure," a chasm under Mount Taygetus, i.
Lykurgus, ch. 15.

Appian Road, iii. Cæsar, ch. 5.

Appius Claudius (Cæcus), ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 18, 19.

----, Claudius, consul B.C. 212, i. Comparison of Fabius and
Perikles, ch. 2; ii. Marcellus, chs. 13, 14.

----, Claudius, consul B.C. 177, i. Poplicola, ch. 7.

----, Claudius, consul B.C. 143, i. Æmilius ch. 38; Tib.
Gracchus, chs. 4, 9, 13.

----, Claudius, consul B.C. 54, iii. Pompeius, ch. 57.

----, Claudius, ii. Sulla, ch. 29.

----, Clodius, sent by Lucullus to Tigranes, ii. Lucullus, chs.
19, 21, 29.

----, Clausus, i. Poplicola, chs. 21, 22, same as Appius
Claudius; Coriolanus, ch. 19.

Appius, governor of Sardinia, iii. Cæsar, ch. 21.

----, Marcus, iv. Cicero, ch. 26.

Apsephion, in text Aphepsion, Archon at Athens, ii. Kimon, ch.
8.

Apsus, ii. Flamininus, ch. 3.

Aptera, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 30.

Apuleius, Lucius, i. Camillus, ch. 12.

Apulia, ii. Marcellus, ch. 24.

Aquæ Sextiæ, ii. Marius, ch. 18.

Aquillii, i. Poplicola, chs. 3, 4, and after.

Aquillius, Manius, ii. Marius, ch. 14.

----, Gallus, P., tribune of the people, iii. Cato Minor, ch. 43.

Aquinius, Marcus, iv. Cicero, ch. 27.

Aquinum, iv. Otho, ch. 5.

Aquinus, iii. Sertorius, ch. 13.

Arabia and Arabians, i. Theseus, ch. 5; ii. Lucullus, ch. 21,
and after; iii. Crassus, chs. 28, 29, and after; Pompeius, ch.
44, and after; Alexander, ch. 24; iv. Antonius, ch. 37, and
after; Arabia Nabathea, iv. Antonius ch. 30.

Arachosia, iii, Eumenes, ch. 19.

Arakus, ii. Lysander, ch. 7.

Arar, iii. Cæsar, ch. 18.

Araterion, i. Theseus, ch. 35.

Arateum, iv. Aratus, ch. 53.

Aratus of Sikyon, iv. Life and Comparison; ii. Philopoemen, chs.
1, 8; iv. Agis, ch. 15; Kleomenes, chs. 3, 4, 6, 15-17, 20, 25.

----, son of the preceding, iv. Aratus, chs. 49-54.

Araxes, ii. Lucullus, ch. 26; iii. Pompeius, chs. 33, 34; iv.
Antonius, chs. 49, 52.

Arbakes, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 14.

Arbela, i. Camillus, ch. 19; iii. Pompeius, ch. 36; Alexander,
ch. 31.

Arcadia and Arcadians, i. Theseus, ch. 32; Numa, ch. 18; the
Arcadian months, Coriolanus, ch. 3; ii. Pelopidas, chs. 4, 20,
and after; Philopoemen, ch. 13; Agesilaus, chs. 15, 22, 30, 32;
iv. Kleomenes, ch. 3, and after; Demosthenes, ch. 27;
Demetrius, ch. 25; Aratus, ch. 34.

Archedamus, an Ætolian, i. Æmilius, ch. 23.

Archedemus, an Ætolian, ii. Comparison of Titus and Philopoemen,
ch. 2.

----, a friend of Archytas, iv. Dion, ch. 18.

Archelaus, general of Antigonus Gonatas, iv. Aratus, ch. 22.

----, of Delos, ii. Sulla, ch. 22.

----, general of Mithridates, ii. Marius, ch. 34; Sulla, chs. 11,
15-17, 19-24; Comparison, ch. 4; Lucullus, chs. 3, 8, 9, 11.

----, king of Cappadocia, iv. Antonius, ch. 61.

----, an Egyptian general, son of the preceding, iv. Antonius,
ch. 3.

----, a writer, ii. Kimon, ch. 4.

----, a poet, ii. Kimon, ch. 4.

----, king of Sparta, i. Lykurgus, ch. 5.

----, in Phokis, ii. Sulla, ch. 17.

Archeptolis, half-brother of Themistokles, i. Themistokles, ch.
32.

----, son of Themistokles, i. Themistokles, ch. 32.

Archestratus, an Athenian, i. Alkibiades, ch. 16; ii. Lysander,
ch. 19.

----, an Athenian, iii. Phokion, ch. 33.

----, a dramatic poet, i. Aristeides, ch. 1.

Archias, an Athenian, ii. Pelopidas, ch. 10.

----, a Theban, ii. Pelopidas, chs. 5, 7-11; iii. Agesilaus, ch.
23.

----, a Thurian, iv. Demosthenes, chs. 28, 29.

Archibiades, iii. Phokion, ch. 10.

Archibius, iv. Antonius, ch. 86.

Archidamia, grandmother of Agis, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 27; iv. Agis,
chs. 4, 20; perhaps not both the same.

Archidamidas, i. Lykurgus, ch. 19.

Archidamus II., king of Sparta, i. Lykurgus, ch. 19; Perikles,
chs. 8, 29, 33; ii. Kimon, ch. 16; iii. Crassus, ch. 2;
Agesilaus, chs. 1, 2; iv. Kleomenes, ch. 27.

----, III., king of Sparta, i. Camillus, ch. 19; iii. Agesilaus,
ch. 25, 33, 39, 40; iv. Agis, chs. 3.

----, IV., king of Sparta, iv. Agis, ch. 3; Demetrius, ch. 35.

----, V., king of Sparta, iv. Kleomenes, chs. 1, 5; comparison,
ch. 5.

'Archilochi,' play by Kratinus, ii. Kimon, ch. 10.

Archilochus, i. Theseus, ch. 5; Numa, ch. 4; Perikles, chs. 2,
27; ii. Marius, ch. 21; iii. Phokion, ch. 7; Cato minor, ch. 7;
Demetrius, ch. 35; Galba, ch. 27.

Archimedes, ii. Marcellus, chs. 14-19.

Archippe, i. Themistokles, ch. 32.

Archippus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 1.

Architeles, i. Themistokles, ch. 7.

Archonides, iv. Dion, ch. 42.

Archytas, ii. Marcellus, ch. 14; iv. Dion, chs. 18, 20.

Ardea, i. Camillus, chs. 17, 23, 24.

Ardettus, i. Theseus, ch. 27.

Areius or Arius, iv. Antonius, ch. 80.

Areopagus, i. Solon, chs. 19, 31; Themistokles, ch. 10;
Perikles, chs. 7, 9; ii. Kimon, chs. 10, 15; iii. Phokion, ch.
16; iv. Demosthenes, chs. 14, 26; Cicero, ch. 24.

Aretæus, iv. Dion, ch. 31.

Arete, i. Timoleon, ch. 33; iv. Dion, chs. 6, 31, 51, 58.

Arethusa in Macedonia, i. Lykurgus, ch. 31.

----, iv. Antonius, ch. 37.

Areus I., king of Sparta, ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 26, 27, 29, 30, 32;
iv. Agis, ch. 3.

Areus II., king of Sparta, iv. Agis, ch. 3.

Argas, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 4.

Argileonis, i. Lykurgus, ch. 24.

Arginusæ, i. Perikles, ch. 37; ii. Lysander, ch. 7.

Argo, i. Theseus, ch. 19.

Argos and Argives, i. Lykurgus, ch. 7; Alkibiades, chs. 14, 15;
ii. Pelopidas, ch. 24; Philopoemen, chs. 12, 18; Pyrrhus, ch.
29, and after; iii. Nikias, ch. 10; Agesilaus, ch. 31;
Pompeius, ch. 24; iv. Kleomenes, ch. 17, and after; Demetrius,
ch. 25; Aratus throughout.

Argius, Galba's freedman, iv. Galba, 28.

Argyraspids, iii. Eumenes, chs. 13, 16, 17, 19.

Ariadne, i. Theseus, chs. 19-21; Comparison, ch. 1.

Ariæus, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 11.

Ariamenes, i. Themistokles, ch. 14.

Ariamnes, iii. Crassus, ch. 21.

Ariarathes II., king of Cappadocia, iii. Eumenes, ch. 3.

----, son of Mithridates, ii. Sulla, ch. 11; Pompeius, ch. 37.

----, iii. Pompeius, ch. 42.

Ariaspes, iv. Artaxerxes, chs. 29, 30.

Arimanius, i. Themistokles, ch. 28.

Ariminum, ii. Marcellus, ch, 4; iii. Pompeius, ch. 60; Cæsar,
chs. 32, 33; Cato Minor, ch. 52.

Arimnestus, a Platæan, ii. Aristeides, ch. 11.

----, a Spartan, ii. Aristeides, ch. 19.

Ariobarzanes, ii. Sulla, chs. 5, 22, 24; iv. Cicero, ch. 36;
Demetrius, ch. 4.

Ariomandes, ii. Kimon, ch. 12.

Ariovistus, iii. Cæsar, ch. 19.

Ariphron, i. Alkibiades, chs. 1, 3.

Aristænetus, Aristæus, or Aristænus, ii. Philopoemen, ch. 17.

Aristagoras, ii. Lucullus, ch. 10.

Aristander, iii. Alexander, chs. 2, 25, 33, 50, &c.

Aristeas of Argos, ii. Pyrrhus, chs. 30, 32.

----, of Prokonnesus, i. Romulus, ch. 28.

Aristeides, i. Life and Comparison; i. Themistokles, chs. 3, 5,
11, 12, 16, 20; Perikles, ch. 7; Comparison of Alkibiades and
Coriolanus, chs. 1, 3; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 4; Kimon, chs. 5, 6,
10; iii. Nikias, ch. 11; Comparison, ch. 1; Phokion, chs. 3, 7;
iv. Demosthenes, ch. 14.

----, a Lokrian, i. Timoleon, ch. 6.

----, author of Milesian Tales, iii. Crassus, ch. 32.

----, son of Xenophilus, i. Aristeides, ch. 1.

Aristion, i. Numa, ch. 9; ii. Sulla, chs. 12-14, 23; Lucullus,
ch. 19.

----, Corinthian pilot, iii. Nikias, chs. 20, 25.

Aristippus of Argos, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 30; iv. Aratus, chs. 25,
30.

----, of Cyrene, iv. Dion, ch. 19.

Aristobulus, Alexander's historian, iii. Alexander, chs. 15,
18, 46, 74; iv. Demosthenes, ch. 23.

----, king of Judæa, ii. Pompeius, chs. 39, 44; iv. Antonius, ch.
3.

Aristodemus, of Miletus, iv. Demetrius, chs. 8, 17.

----, despot of Megalopolis, ii. Philopoemen, ch. 1; iv. Agis, ch.
3.

----, founder of the royal houses of Sparta, i. Lykurgus, ch. 1,
and note; iii. Agesilaus, ch. 19.

Aristodikus, i. Perikles, ch. 10.

Aristogeiton, companion of Harmodius, i. Aristeides, ch. 27.

----, an Athenian sycophant, iii. Phokion, ch. 10; iv.
Demosthenes, ch. 15.

Aristokleitus, ii. Lysander, ch. 2.

Aristokrates, an Athenian, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 15.

----, son of Hipparchus, a Spartan writer, i. Lykurgus, chs. 4,
31; ii. Philopoemen, ch. 16.

Aristokrates, a rhetorician, iv. Antonius, ch. 69.

Aristokritus, iii. Alexander, ch. 10.

Aristomache, i. Timoleon, ch. 33; iv. Dion, chs. 6, 7, 14, 34,
51, 58.

Aristomachus, Achæan general, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 4.

----, despot of Argos, iv. Aratus, chs. 25, 35, 44.

----, of Sikyon, iv. Aratus, ch. 5.

Aristomenes, i. Romulus, ch. 25; iv. Agis, ch. 21.

Ariston of Keos, i. Themistokles, ch. 3; Aristeides, ch. 2.

----, of Chios, ii. Cato Major, ch. 18; iv. Demosthenes, ch. 10.

----, a Corinthian pilot, iii. Nikias, chs. 20, 25.

----, captain of the Pæonians, iii. Alexander, ch. 39.

----, friend of Peisistratus, i. Solon, ch. 30.

Aristonikus, admiral of Mithridates, ii. Lucullus, ch. 11.

----, of Marathon, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 28.

Aristonikus of Pergamus, iv. Flamininus, ch. 21; Tib. Gracchus,
ch. 20.

Aristonous, ii. Lysander, ch. 18.

Aristophanes, the comic poet, i. Themistokles, ch. 19;
Perikles, ch. 30, the verses; Alkibiades, ch. 16; ii. Kimon,
ch. 16; iii. Nikias, chs. 4, 8; iv. Demetrius, ch. 12;
Antonius, ch. 70.

----, a Macedonian, iii. Alexander, ch. 51.

Aristophon, archon at Athens, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 24.

----, an Athenian, iii. Phokion, ch. 7.

----, a painter, i. Alkibiades, ch. 16.

Aristoteles, of Argos, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 20; Aratus, ch. 44.

----, a logician, iv. Aratus, ch. 3.

----, of Sikyon, iv. Aratus, 3.

Aristotle, i. Theseus, chs. 3, 16, 25; Lykurgus, chs. 5, 6;
Solon, chs. 11, 31; Themistokles, ch. 10; Camillus, ch. 22;
Perikles, chs. 9, 10, 25; Comparison of Alkibiades and
Coriolanus, ch. 3; ii. Pelopidas, chs. 3, 18; Aristeides, ch.
27; Comparison, ch. 2; Lysander, ch. 2; Sulla, ch. 26; Kimon,
ch. 10; iii. Nikias, chs. 1, 2; Crassus, ch. 3; Alexander, chs.
7, 8, 17, 52, 54, 55, 74, 77; iv. Kleomenes, ch. 9; Cicero, ch.
24; Dion, ch. 22.

Aristoxenus, i. Lykurgus, ch. 31; Timoleon, ch. 15; ii.
Aristeides, ch. 27; iii. Alexander, ch. 4.

Aristratus, iv. Aratus, ch. 13.

Aristus, iv. Brutus, ch. 2.

Arkesilaus, philosopher, ii. Philopoemen, ch. 1; iv. Aratus, ch.
5.

----, a Spartan, iv. Agis, ch. 18.

Arkissus, ii. Pelopidas, ch. 13.

Armenia, and Armenians, i. Camillus, ch. 19; ii. Sulla, ch. 5;
Kimon, ch. 3; Lucullus, chs. 9, 21, 24, 25, 27, 31, and after;
Eumenes, chs. 4, 5, 16; Crassus, chs. 18, 22, 32; iii.
Pompeius, chs. 31-34, 39, 44; Cæsar, ch. 50; iv. Cicero, ch.
10; Demetrius, ch. 46; Antonius, chs. 34, 37-39, 41, 49, 50,
54, 56.

Armenian Carthage, ii. Lucullus, ch. 32.

Armilustrum, i. Romulus, ch. 23.

Arnakes, i. Themistokles, ch. 16; ii. Aristeides, ch. 9.

Arpates, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 30.

Arpinum, ii. Marius, ch. 3; iv. Cicero, ch. 8.

Arrhenides, iv. Demosthenes, ch. 25.

Arrhidæus, son of Philip, and himself called Philip, iii.
Alexander, chs. 10, 77; compare iii. Eumenes, ch, 12; and
Phokion, ch. 33.

Arrius, Quintus, iv. Cicero, ch. 15.

Arruntius, iv. Antonius, ch. 66.

Arsakes, ii. Sulla, ch. 5; iii. Crassus, chs. 18, 27; Pompeius,
ch. 76; iv. Comparison of Demetrius and Antonius, ch. 1.

Arsakidæ, iii. Crassus, ch. 32.

Arsames, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 30.

Arsanias, ii. Lucullus, ch. 31.

Arsian Grove, i. Poplicola, ch. 9.

Arsikas, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 1.

Arsis, iii. Pompeius, ch. 7.

Artabanus, i. Themistokles, ch. 27.

Artabazes. _See_ Artavasdes.

Artabazus, father of Barsine, iii. Eumenes, ch. 1; Alexander,
ch. 21.

----, a Persian, ii. Aristeides, ch. 19.

Artagerses, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 9.

Artasyras, iv. Artaxerxes, ch. 12.

Artauktes, i. Themistokles, ch. 13.

Artavasdes, king of Armenia, same as Artabazes, iii. Crassus,
chs. 19, 22, 23; iv. Antonius, chs. 37, 39, 50; Comparison, ch.
5.

Artaxas, ii. Lucullus, ch. 31.

Artaxata, ii. Lucullus, ch. 31.

Artaxerxes I., Longimanus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 37; iv.
Artaxerxes, ch. 1.

----, II., Mnemon, iv. Life; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 30.

Artemidorus of Knidos, iii. Cæsar, ch. 65.

----, a Greek, ii. Lucullus, ch. 15.

Artemisia, i. Themistokles, ch. 14.

Artemisium, i. Themistokles, chs. 7, 8, 9; Alkibiades, ch. 1.

Artemius of Kolophon, iii. Alexander, ch. 51.

Artemon, i. Perikles, ch. 27.

Arthmiadas, i. Lykurgus, ch. 5.

Arthmias of Zelea, i. Themistokles, ch. 6.

Artorius, Marcus, iv. Brutus, ch. 41.

Aruns, son of Porsena, i. Poplicola, ch. 19.

----, a Tuscan, i. Camillus, ch. 15.

----, son of Tarquin, i. Poplicola, ch. 9.

Aruveni, iii. Cæsar, chs. 25, 26.

Arverni. _See_ Aruveni.

Arybas, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 1.

Arymbas, iii. Alexander, ch. 2.

Asbolomeni, ii. Kimon, ch. 1.

Ascalis. _See_ Askalis.

Ascanius, i. Romulus, ch. 2.

Asculum in Apulia, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 21.

Asculum, in Picenum, iii. Pompeius, ch. 4, and after.

Asea or Alsea, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 7.

Asia, frequent. The Asiatic orators, iv. Cicero, ch. 4. The
Asiatic style of speaking, iv. Antonius, ch. 2.

----, daughter of Themistokles, i. Themistokles, ch. 32.

Asiaticus, iv. Galba, ch. 20.

Asinarus and Asinaria, iii. Nikias, ch. 28.

Asinius Pollio, iii. Pompeius, ch. 72; Cæsar, chs. 32, 46, 52;
Cato Minor, ch. 53; iv. Antonius, ch. 9.

Askalis, iii. Sertorius, ch. 9.

Askalon, ii. Lucullus, ch. 42; iv. Cicero, ch. 4; Brutus, ch.
2.

Asklepiades, a grammarian, i. Solon, ch. 1.

----, son of Hipparinus, iii. Phokion, ch. 22.

Asopia, i. Solon, ch. 9.

Asopus, river in Boeotia, ii. Aristeides, chs. 11, 15.

----, father of Sinope, ii. Lucullus, ch. 23.

Aspasia, i. Perikles, chs. 24, 25, 30, 32.

----, or Milto, of Phokæa, i. Perikles, ch. 24; iv. Artaxerxes,
chs. 26, 27, 28.

Aspendus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 26.

Aspetus, a name of Achilles, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 1.

Aspis, at Argos, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 32; iv. Kleomenes, chs. 17,
21.

Assus and Assia, ii. Sulla, chs. 16, 17.

Assyria, ii. Lucullus, ch. 26; iii. Crassus, ch. 22.

Astenius, of Kolophon, iii. Alexander, ch. 51.

Asterie, ii. Kimon, ch. 4.

Asteropus, iv. Kleomenes, ch. 10.

Astura, iv. Cicero, ch. 47.

Astyanax, iv. Brutus, ch. 23.

Astyochus, i. Alkibiades, ch. 25.

Astypalæa, i. Romulus, ch. 28.

Astyphilus, ii. Kimon, ch. 18.

Asylus, a god, i. Romulus, ch. 9.

Ateius, tribune of the people, iii. Crassus, ch. 16.

Ateius, Marcus, or Teius, ii. Sulla, ch. 14.

Atellius, iv. Brutus, ch. 39.

Athamania, and Athamanes, ii. Flamininus, ch. 15; iii.
Pompeius, ch. 66.

Athanis, i. Timoleon, chs. 23, 37.

Athenodorus, surnamed Cordylio, a stoic philosopher, iii. Cato
Minor, chs. 10, 16.

Athenodorus of Imbros, iii. Phokion, ch. 18.

----, son of Sandon, i. Poplicola, ch. 17.

Athenophanes, iii. Alexander, ch. 35.

Athens and the Athenians, frequent.

Athos, iii. Alexander, ch. 72.

Atilius. _See_ Attilius.

Atiso or Adige, ii. Marius, ch. 23.

Atlantic islands, iii. Sertorius, ch. 8.

----, ocean, i. Timoleon, ch. 20; iii. Sertorius, ch. 8; Eumenes,
ch. 2; Cæsar, ch. 23.

Atlantis, i. Solon, ch. 31.

Atossa, daughter of Artaxerxes II., iv. Artaxerxes, chs. 23,
26, 27, 30, and after.

Atreus, ii. Kimon, ch. 7; iv. Cicero, ch. 5.

Atropatene and Atropatenians (Satrapenians), ii. Lucullus, ch.
31; iv. Antonius, ch. 38.

Attaleia, iii. Pompeius, ch. 76.

Attalus, uncle of Kleopatra, wife of Philip, iii. Alexander,
chs. 9, 10.

----, iii. Alexander, ch. 55.

----, I., king of Pergamus, ii. Flamininus, ch. 6; iv. Antonius,
ch. 60.

----, iii. Philometor, i. Camillus, ch. 19; iv. Tib. Gracchus,
ch. 14; Demetrius, ch. 20.

Attes or Attis, i. Numa, ch. 4; iii. Sertorius. ch. 1.

Attia, mother of Augustus, iv. Cicero, ch. 44; Antonius, ch.
31.

Attica, frequent. _See_ especially i. Theseus, first chapters.

Atticus, Cicero's correspondent, iv. Cicero, ch. 45; Brutus,
chs. 26, 29.

Atticus, Julius, iv. Galba, ch. 26.

Attilia, iii. Cato Minor, chs. 7, 9, 24.

Attiliis, a probable correction for Hostilii, ii. Comparison of
Cato and Aristeides, ch. 1.

Attilius, Vergilio, iv. Galba, ch. 26.

----, Marcus (more correctly Caius), i. Numa, ch. 20.

----, iv. Brutus, ch. 39.

Attis, i. Numa, ch. 4; iii. Sertorius, ch. 1.

Attius. _See_ Tullus and Varus.

Aufidius, Tullus, i. Coriolanus, ch. 22, and after.

----, a lieutenant of Sertorius, iii. Sertorius, chs. 26, 27.

Aufidus, i. Fabius, ch. 15.

Augustus. _See_ Cæsar.

Aulis, ii. Pelopidas, ch. 21; Lysander, ch. 27; iii. Agesilaus,
ch. 6.

Aurelia, mother of Cæsar, iii. Cæsar, ch. 9, and after; iv.
Cicero, ch. 28.

Aurelius, Caius (in text Onatius), iii. Crassus, ch. 12;
Pompeius, ch. 23.

----, Quintus, ii. Sulla, ch. 31.

Autokleides, iii. Nikias, ch. 23.

Autocthones, i. Theseus, ch. 3.

Autoleon, ii. Pyrrhus, ch. 9.

Autolykus, an athlete, ii. Lysander, ch. 15.

----, founder of Sinope, ii. Lucullus, ch. 23.

Automatia, i. Timoleon, ch. 36.

Auximum, iii. Pompeius, ch. 6.

Aventine, i. Romulus, chs. 9, 20; Numa, ch. 15; iv. C.
Gracchus, ch. 15.

Avillius, i. Romulus, ch. 14.

Axiochus, i. Perikles, ch. 24.

Axius, Crassus, iv. Cicero, ch. 25.

----, a river in Macedonia, iv. Demetrius, ch. 42.

Babyca, i. Lykurgus, ch. 6; ii. Pelopidas, ch. 17.

Babylon, Babylonia, Babylonians, ii. Lucullus, ch. 26; iii.
Crassus, ch. 17; comparison, ch. 4; Eumenes, ch. 3; Alexander,
chs. 35, 57, 69, 73; iv. Demetrius, ch. 7; Antonius, ch. 45;
Artaxerxes, ch. 7.

Babylonian tapestry, ii. Cato Major, ch. 4.

Bacchæ of Euripides, iii. Crassus, ch. 33.

Bacchiadæ, ii. Lysander, ch. 1.

Bacchides, ii. Lucullus, ch. 18.

Bacchylides, i. Numa, ch. 4.

Bacillus, Lucius, ii. Sulla, ch. 9.

Bactria, Bactrians, iii. Crassus, ch. 16; Comparison, ch. 4;
iv. Antonius, ch. 37.

Bactrian horse, iii. Alexander, ch. 32.

Baebius, M., i. Numa, ch. 22.

Baetica, iii. Sertorius, chs. 8, note, 12.

Baetis, the Guadalquivir, ii. Cato Major, ch. 10; iii.
Sertorius, chs. 8, 12.

Bagoas, iii. Alexander, ch. 49.

Baiæ, ii. Marius, ch. 34.

Balbus, ii. Sulla, ch. 29.

----, Cæsar's friend, iii. Cæsar, ch. 50.