Chapter X: Conclusions (1)

The most casual glance at Table VII. leaves no doubt as to the rapid diminution in the frequency of noteworthiness as the distance of kinship to the F.R.S. increases, and it would presumably do the same to any other class of noteworthy persons.

In drawing more exact conclusions, the returns must be deemed to refer not to a group of 207 F.R.S., because they are not a fair sample of the whole body of 467, and, for reasons already given, they are too rich in noteworthiness for the one and too poor for the other. They will, therefore, be referred to the number that is the mean of these two limits--namely, to 337. I am aware of no obvious guidance to any better hypothesis.

The value of the expectation that noteworthiness would be found in any specified kinsman of an F.R.S., of whom nothing else is known, may be easily calculated from Table VII. on the two hypotheses already mentioned and justified: (1) That the figures should be taken to refer to 337, and not to 207; (2) that 1 per cent. of the generality are noteworthy--that is to say, there are 3.37 noteworthies to every 337 persons of the generality.

TABLE VII.--NUMBER OF NOTEWORTHY KINSMEN RECORDED
IN 207 RETURNS.
__________________________________________________________
| | || | |
| Kinship. | Numbers || Kinship. | Numbers |
| | Recorded.|| | Recorded. |
|_________________|__________||________________| __________|
| | || | |
| _fa_ | 81 || --- | --- |
| _bro_ | 104 || --- | --- |
| | || | |
| _fa fa_ | 40 || _fa fa fa_ | 11 |
| _me fa_ | 42 || _fa me fa_ | 2 |
| _fa bro_ | 45 || _me fa fa_ | 5 |
| _me bro_ | 52 || _me me fa_ | 1 |
| | || | |
| _fa bro son_ | 30 || _fa fa bro_ | 12 |
| _me bro son_ | 19 || _fa me bro_ | 2 |
| _fa si son_ | 28 || _me fa bro_ | 6 |
| _me si son_ | 22 || _me me bro_ | 2 |
|_________________|__________||________________|___________|

Thus, for the fathers of F.R.S., 81 are recorded as noteworthy, against 3.37 of fathers of the generality--that is, they are 24.1 times as numerous. For the first cousins of F.R.S. there are 99 noteworthies, divided amongst four kinds of male first-cousins, or 24.75 on an average to each kind, against the 3.37 of the generality--that is, they are 7.3 times as numerous.

On this principle the expectation of noteworthiness in a kinsman of an F.R.S. (or of other noteworthy person) is greater in the following proportion than in one who has no such kinsman: If he be a father, 24 times as great; if a brother, 31 times; if a grandfather, 12 times; if an uncle, 14 times; if a male first cousin, 7 times; if a great-great-grandfather on the paternal line, 3½ times.

The reader may work out results for himself on other hypotheses as to the percentage of noteworthiness among the generality. A considerably larger proportion would be noteworthy in the higher classes of society, but a far smaller one in the lower; it is to the bulk, say, to three-quarters of them, that the 1 per cent. estimate applies, the extreme variations from it tending to balance one another.

The figures on which the above calculations depend may each or all of them be changed to any reasonable amount, without shaking the truth of the great fact upon which Eugenics is based, that able fathers produce able children in a much larger proportion than the generality.

* * * * *

The parents of the 207 Fellows of the Royal Society occupy a wide variety of social positions. A list is given in the Appendix of the more or less noteworthy parents of those Fellows whose names occur in the list of sixty-six families. The parents are classified according to their pursuits. Many parents of the other Fellows in the 207 families were not noteworthy in the technical sense of the word, but were reported to be able. It was also often said in the replies that the general level of ability among the members of the family of the F.R.S. was high. Other parents were in no way remarkable, so the future Fellow was simply a "sport," to use the language of horticulturists and breeders, in respect to his taste and ability. It is to be remembered that "sports" are transmissible by heredity, and have been, through careful selection, the origin of most of the valuable varieties of domesticated plants and animals. Sports have been conspicuous in the human race, especially in some individuals of the highest eminence in music, painting, and in art generally, but this is not the place to enter further into so large a subject. It has been treated at length by many writers, especially by Bateson and De Vries, also by myself in the third chapter of "Natural Inheritance" and in the preface to the second edition of "Hereditary Genius."

NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES OF

FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

LIVING IN 1904.

#AVEBURY#, Lord. See LUBBOCK.

#BALFOUR#, Right Hon. Arthur James (b. 1848), P.C., etc., F.R.S.,
Leader of the House of Commons, 1895; Prime Minister, 1902;
President of the British Association, 1904; author of "The
Foundations of Belief." [For fuller references, see "Who's Who"
and numerous other biographies.]

_bro_, Francis Maitland BALFOUR (1851-1882), F.R.S., Professor of Animal Morphology at Cambridge; brilliant investigator in embryology; gold medal, Royal Society, 1881; killed by a fall in the Alps.

_bro_, Right Hon. Gerald W. BALFOUR (b. 1853), P.C., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; President of the Board of Trade, 1902.

_si_, Eleanor Mildred (Mrs. Henry SIDGWICK), Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge.

_si_, Evelyn, wife of LORD RAYLEIGH, F.R.S., and mother of Hon. Robert John STRUTT, F.R.S. (q.v.).

_me bro_, 3rd Marquis of SALISBURY, Robert A.T. GASCOIGNE-CECIL (1830-1903), K.G., P.C., etc., F.R.S.; eminent statesman; Prime Minister, 1885-1886, 1886, 1895-1903; Chancellor of the University of Oxford; President of the British Association, 1894; in earlier life essayist and critic; also an experimenter in electricity.

It is difficult to distinguish those in the able family of the Cecils whose achievements were due to sheer ability from those who were largely helped by social influence. A second _me bro_ and five _me bro sons_ are recorded in "Who's Who."

Sir Robert Stawell #BALL#, LL.D., F.R.S. (b. 1840), Lowndean Prof.
of Astronomy and Geometry, Cambridge; Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge; Member of the Council of the Senate; Director of the
Cambridge Observatory since 1892; Royal Astronomer of Ireland,
1874-1892; Ex-President of Royal Astronomical Soc., Mathematical
Assoc., and of Royal Zoological Soc. of Ireland; author of many
works on astronomical, mathematical, and physical
subjects.--["Who's Who."]

_fa_, Robert BALL (1802-1857), Hon. LL.D., Trinity Coll., distinguished naturalist; Secretary of Royal Zoological Soc. of Ireland; President of Geological Soc. of Ireland; Director of Trinity Coll. Museum, 1844.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Valentine BALL, LL.D., C.B., F.R.S. (1843-1895); on staff of Geological Survey of India, 1864-1880; Prof. of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Dublin, 1880-1882; Director and Organizer of National Museum, Dublin, 1882-1895; author of "Jungle Life in India," of an elaborate treatise on the economic geology of India, and of "Diamonds and Gold of India."--["Obit. Notice, P.R.S.," 1895.]

_bro_, Sir Charles Bent BALL, M.D., M.Ch., F.R.C.S.I., Hon. F.R.C.S., England; Regius Professor of Surgery, Univ. of Dublin; Surgeon to Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, and Honorary Surgeon to the King in Ireland; author of various surgical works.--["Who's Who."]

_me bro son_, Ames HELLICAR, the successful manager of the leading bank in Sydney, N.S.W.

Thomas George #BARING#, first Earl of NORTHBROOK (1826-1904), P.C.,
D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.; Under-Secretary of State for India, Home
Department, and for War; Viceroy of India, 1872-1876; First Lord
of the Admiralty, 1880-1885.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."]

_fa fa fa_, Sir Francis BARING (1710-1810), Chairman of East India Company, 1792-1793; created baronet 1793.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro_, Alexander BARING, first Baron ASHBURTON (1774-1848), financier and statesman; head for many years of Baring Brothers and Co.; member of Sir Robert Peel's Cabinet of 1835; raised to peerage 1835; Commissioner to U.S.A., 1842, for Settlement "Ashburton Treaty" of Boundary Dispute.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me me_, Hon. Lady GREY, née WHITBREAD (1770-1858), prominent in every work of Christian philanthropy during twenty-four years in the Commissioner's house in Plymouth, afterwards in Ireland.--["Record" newspaper, May 26, 1858.]

_fa_, Francis Thornhill BARING (1786-1866), first Baron NORTHBROOK, double first at Oxford, 1817; First Lord of the Admiralty.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa bro_, Thomas BARING (1799-1873), financier; refused Chancellorship of Exchequer, also a peerage; head for many years of Baring Brothers and Co.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa bro_, Charles BARING (1807-1879), double first at Oxford, 1829; Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, 1856, of Durham, 1861.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro son_, Evelyn BARING (b. 1841), first Earl CROMER, P.C., son of H. Baring, M.P.; passed first into staff college from Royal Artillery; made successively Baron, Viscount, and Earl, for services in Egypt.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."]

_fa fa si son_, Henry LABOUCHERE (1798-1869), first Baron TAUNTON, first-class "Greats" at Oxford; Cabinet Minister under Lord Melbourne and Lord John Russell; raised to peerage 1859.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro_, Sir George GREY (1799-1882), Home Secretary 1846-1852, 1855-1858, 1861-1866; carried the Bill that abolished transportation.

_me fa bro_, Charles GREY (1764-1845), second Earl GREY, Prime Minister; carried the Reform Bill.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me si son_, Sir Edward JENKINSON (b. 1835), K.C.B., Private Secretary to Lord Spencer when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.--["Who's Who."]

Descended from _fa fa fa bro_, Rev. S. BARING-GOULD (b. 1834), author of numerous novels and works on theology and history.--["Who's Who."]

William Thomas #BLANFORD#, LL.D., F.R.S.; (1832-1905), on staff of
Geological Survey of India, 1855-1882; accompanied Abyssinian
Expedition and Persian Boundary Commission; sometime President of
Geological Society and of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, also of
Geological Section British Assoc.; author of works dealing with
the geology and zoology of Abyssinia, Persia, and India.--["Who's
Who."]

_fa_, William BLANFORD, established a manufacturing business in London, and was a founder, and for many years Chairman, of the Thames Plate Glass Company.

_me bro_, Alfred SIMPSON, established a large and successful manufacturing business in Adelaide, S. Australia.

_bro_, Henry Francis BLANFORD, F.R.S., for many years at the head of the Indian Meteorological Department, which he originally organized.

Right Hon. Charles #BOOTH# (b. 1840), P.C., F.R.S., economist and
statistician; President of the Royal Statistical Soc., 1892-1894;
originated and carried through a co-operative inquiry in minute
detail into the houses and occupations of the inhabitants of
London, which resulted in the volumes "Life and Labour of the
People of London"; author of memoirs on allied subjects. ["Ency.
Brit.," xxvi. 306; "Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, Thomas BOOTH, successful merchant and shipowner at Liverpool.

_fa bro_, Henry BOOTH (1788-1869), railway projector; co-operated with Stephenson in applying steam to locomotion, published much relating to railways, and invented mechanical contrivances still in use on railways; secretary and then railway director.--["Dict. N. Biog.," v. 382.]

_fa bro_, James BOOTH (1796-1880), C.B., Parliamentary draughtsman; became Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade.

_me si son_, Charles CROMPTON, Fourth Wrangler, Q.C., and for some years M.P. for the Leek Division of Staffordshire.

_me si son_, Henry CROMPTON, a leader in the Positivist Community; authority on Trades Union Law, and author of "Industrial Conciliation."

_me si son_, Sir Henry Enfield ROSCOE, F.R.S. (q.v.)

Robert Holford Macdowall #BOSANQUET#, F.R.S. (b. 1841). Fellow of
St. John's Coll., Oxford; author of many mathematical and
physical memoirs, chiefly in the "Philosophical Magazine."

_fa fa bro_, Sir John Bernard BOSANQUET (1773-1847), Judge of Common Pleas, 1830; Lord Commissioner of Great Seal, 1835-1836.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Bernard BOSANQUET (b. 1848), Prof. of Moral Philosophy, St. Andrews, since 1903; formerly Fellow of University Coll., Oxford; worked in connection with Charity Organization Society; author of many books on philosophy.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Vice-Admiral Day Hort BOSANQUET (b. 1843), Commander-in-Chief West Indian Station since 1904; previously Commander-in-Chief East Indian.--["Who's Who."]

_fa son_, Charles Bertie Pulleine BOSANQUET (b. 1834), a founder and the first secretary of the Charity Organization Society.

_me fa bro_, Hay MACDOWALL (d. 1806), Commander-in-Chief of Madras Presidency.

_fa son son_, Robert Carr BOSANQUET (b. 1871), archæologist, director of British School of Archæology at Athens.

_me si son_, Ralph DUNDAS, head of large and influential firm of Dundas and Wilson, Writers to the Signet, Edinburgh. His relatives on his father's side include his--

_fa_, John DUNDAS, worked up the business of Dundas and Wilson
into its present position.

_fa fa son_, Sir David DUNDAS (1799-1877), Judge-Advocate-General
and Privy Councillor, 1849.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa son_, George DUNDAS, Judge in Scotch Courts under the
title of Lord MANOR.

_fa fa son son_, David DUNDAS, K.C. (b. 1854), Judge in Scotch
Courts under the title of Lord DUNDAS; Solicitor-General for
Scotland, 1903.--["Who's Who."]

James Thomson #BOTTOMLEY# (Hon. LL.D., Glasgow), D.Sc., F.R.S.,
electrical engineer (1870-1899); Arnott and Thomson, Demonstrator
in the University of Glasgow.--["Who's Who."]

_me fa_, James THOMSON.

_me bro_, William THOMSON, Lord Kelvin, F.R.S.

_me bro_, James THOMSON, F.R.S.

See THOMSON for the above.

Sir Dietrich #BRANDIS# (b. 1824), K.C.I.E., F.R.S., Superintendent
of Forests, British Burmah, 1856-1864; Inspector-General of
Forests to the Government of India, 1864-1883.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, Joachim Dietrich BRANDIS, born at Hildesheim, where his ancestors had governed the town as Burgemeister for centuries; practised medicine at Brunswick, Driburg, and Pyrmont; Professor of Pathology at Kiel; ultimately physician to the Queen of Denmark.

_fa_, Christian August BRANDIS, secretary of the Prussian Legation in Rome, 1818; afterwards Professor of Philosophy at Bonn; went to Athens, 1837-1839, as confidential adviser to King Otho, partly with regard to the organization of schools and colleges in Greece; author of a "History of Greek Philosophy."

_me bro_, Friedrich HAUSMANN, Professor of Mineralogy and Geology at Göttingen; author of a "Handbook of Mineralogy."

_bro_, Johannes BRANDIS, for many years Kabinetsrath of H.M. Empress Augusta, Queen of Prussia.

_me si son_, Julius VON HARTMANN, commanded a cavalry division in the Franco-German War; after the war was Governor of Strasburg.

Alexander Crum #BROWN# (b. 1838), M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.,
Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh University since 1869;
president of the Chemical Soc., London, 1892-1893.--["Who's
Who."]

_fa fa fa_, John BROWN (1722-1787), of Haddington, Biblical commentator; as a herd boy taught himself Latin, Greek, and learned Hebrew with the aid of a teacher, at one time a pedlar; served as a soldier in the Edinburgh garrison, 1745; minister to the Burgher congregation at Haddington, 1750-1787; acted as Professor of Divinity to Burgher students after 1767.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa_, John BROWN (1754-1832), Scottish divine; minister of Burgher church at Whitburn, 1776-1832; wrote memoirs of James Hervey, 1806, and many religious treatises.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa_, John BROWN (1784-1858), minister of Burgher church at Biggor, 1806; of Secession Church at Edinburgh, 1822; D.D., 1830; Professor of Exegetics Secession Coll., 1834, and in United Presbyterian Coll. 1847; author of many exegetical commentaries.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro_, Walter CRUM, F.R.S., manufacturer at Thornliebank, near Glasgow; a successful man of business and a very able chemist.

_fa son_, John BROWN (1810-1882), M.D., practised in Edinburgh with success; author of "Horæ Subsecivæ," "Rab and his Friends."--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa si son_, Robert JOHNSTONE (b.1832), D.D., LL.B., Professor of New Testament Literature and Exegesis in the United Free Church Coll., Aberdeen; has published works on the New Testament.--["Who's Who."]

_si son_, Charles STEWART-WILSON, Postmaster-General, Punjab, since 1899.--["India List."]

_me bro son_, Alexander CRUM, managing director of the "Thornliebank Co.," for some time M.P. for Renfrewshire.

Sir James Crichton #BROWNE# (b. 1840), M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Lord
Chancellor's Visitor in Lunacy since 1875; Vice-President and
Treasurer Royal Institution since 1889; author of various works
on mental and nervous diseases.--["Who's Who."]

_me fa_, Andrew BALFOUR, successful printer in Edinburgh; collaborated with Sir David Brewster in production of the "Edinburgh Encyclopædia," the forerunner of the "Ency. Brit."; one of the leaders of the Free Church disruption.

_fa_, William Alexander Francis BROWNE, F.R.S.E., physician; largely instrumental in introducing humane methods for the treatment of the insane into Scotland; was appointed First Scotch Commissioner in Lunacy; author of works on mental diseases.

_me bro_, John Hutton BALFOUR (1808-1884), M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. and F.R.S.E., Professor of Botany at Glasgow, 1841; and at Edinburgh, 1845; wrote botanical text-books.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, John Hutton BALFOUR-BROWNE, K.C. (b. 1845), Leader of the Parliamentary Bar; Registrar and Secretary to Railway Comm., 1874; author of numerous legal works.--["Who's Who."]

_me bro son_, Isaac Bayley BALFOUR, M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. (b. 1853), King's Botanist in Scotland; Regius Keeper of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh; Professor of Botany at Glasgow and at Oxford, and since 1888 at Edinburgh.--["Who's Who."]

Sir John Scott #BURDON-SANDERSON#, Bart., cr. 1899, M.D., D.C.L.,
LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.; held a succession of important offices,
beginning with Inspector Med. Dep. Privy Council, 1860-1865;
Superintendent Brown Institution, 1871-1878; Professor of
Physiology University Coll., London, 1874-1882; in Oxford,
1882-1895; President Brit. Assoc., 1893; Regius Professor of
Medicine at Oxford, 1895-1904; served on three Royal Commissions;
author of many physiological memoirs.--["Ency. Brit.," xxvi. 464;
"Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, Sir Thomas BURDON, Kt., several times Mayor of Newcastle, knighted for his services in quelling a riot.

_me fa_, Sir James SANDERSON, Bart., M.P., Lord Mayor of London; a successful merchant.

_fa_, Richard BURDON-SANDERSON, graduated first class and gained Newdigate prize; Fellow of Oriel Coll., Oxford; was Secretary to Lord Chancellor Eldon.

_bro_, Richard BURDON-SANDERSON, the first promoter of the "Conciliation Board" of coal-owners and colliers at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and of the first reformatory in Northumberland.

_si son_, Rt. Hon. Richard Burdon HALDANE (b. 1856), P.C., M.P., high honours at Edinburgh and three other Scotch universities; author of "Life of Adam Smith" and of "Memoirs on Education."--["Who's Who."]

_si son_, John Scott HALDANE (b. 1860), q.v., M.D., F.R.S., University Lecturer on Physiology at Oxford; joint editor and founder of "Journal of Hygiene."--["Who's Who."]

_si da_, Elizabeth Sanderson HALDANE (q.v.).

_More distant kinsmen and connections:_

_fa me bro_, John SCOTT, first Earl of ELDON (1751-1838), famous Lord Chancellor of England.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa me bro_, William SCOTT (1745-1836), first Baron STOWELL, eminent maritime and international lawyer; judge of High Court of Admiralty, (1798-1828).--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_wife's bro_, FARRER, first Lord HERSCHELL, Lord Chancellor of England.

Charles #CHREE#, Sc.D. (Camb.), LL.D. (Aberdeen), F.R.S. (1860),
Superintendent Observatory Department, National Physical Lab.;
graduated Aberdeen, 1879, obtaining gold medal awarded to the
most distinguished graduate in Arts of the year; Sixth Wrangler,
Cambridge, 1883; first division Math. Tripos, Part III.; first
class Natural Sciences Tripos, Part II.; and Fellow of King's
College, 1885; re-elected as Research Fellow, 1890.--["Who's
Who."]

_fa_, Charles CHREE, Hon. D.D. Aberdeen University; for many years clerk to Presbytery of Meigle, and convener of committee for examining divinity students in St. Andrew's University. Had considerable reputation in Church of Scotland for general scholarship, and especially for knowledge of Hebrew.

_bro_, William CHREE, after graduating with first class mathematical honours at Aberdeen University, obtained a "Fullerton" mathematical scholarship. In addition to prizes in mathematics and physics at Aberdeen, obtained also prizes in Latin, natural history, and moral philosophy. At Edinburgh University was awarded either first or second prizes in Scots Law, conveyancing, civil law, public law, and constitutional history. Practises as advocate at Scotch Bar.

_bro_, Alexander Bain CHREE, died young, having graduated at Aberdeen University with first class honours in mathematics, obtaining prizes in mathematics, physics, Latin, Greek, moral philosophy, and natural history.

_si_, Jessie Search CHREE, obtained two prizes and honours in at least four subjects (French, logic, Latin, physics) in the Edinburgh University local examinations.

Arthur Herbert #CHURCH# (b. 1834), F.R.S., D.Sc., Professor of
Chemistry at Royal Academy of Arts since 1879; discoverer of
turacin, also of churchite and other new minerals; President of
the Mineralogical Society, 1898-1901; author of various works on
English pottery and porcelain, on precious stones, on food, and
on the chemistry of paints and painting.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Henry Francis CHURCH (1824-1899), solicitor, Chief Clerk in Chancery, and Master of the High Court of Judicature.

_bro_, Alfred John CHURCH (Rev.), (b. 1829), Headmaster of Henley and of Retford Grammar Schools; Professor of Latin at Univ. Coll., London, 1880-1888; prize poem, Oxford, 1883; author of various works dealing with classical subjects.--["Who's Who."]

_fa si da son_, Sir John R. SEELEY, K.C.M.G. (1834-1895), Professor first of Latin at Univ. Coll., London, and afterwards of Modern History at Cambridge; published in 1865 "Ecce Homo," a work which attracted immediate attention and provoked a storm of controversy; also works on history and political science.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

Sydney Monckton #COPEMAN#, F.R.S., M.D. (Camb.), Medical Inspector
Local Government Board; Member of Council of Epidemiological
Society; Research Scholar and Special Commissioner British
Medical Association; recipient of many gold medals and prizes of
importance.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa fa_, Peter COPEMAN, founder, with his brother Robert, of Copeman's Bank, Aylsham, Norfolk (now incorporated with Barclay's); successful merchant.

_fa_, Arthur Charles COPEMAN, M.B., London; gold medallist in anatomy and physiology, University of London; entered Army Medical Service on the nomination of the Chancellor of the University; subsequently entered the Church, and became Hon. Canon of Norwich Cathedral; for many years Chairman of Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, and of Norwich School Board and Board of Guardians.

_fa bro_, Edward COPEMAN, M.D., Aberdeen; President British Medical Association; consulting physician to Norfolk and Norwich Hospital; author and inventor of gynæcological instruments and of special methods of operation.

James Henry #COTTERILL#, F.R.S. (b. 1836), Lecturer and
subsequently Vice-Principal of the Royal School of Naval
Architecture, South Kensington; Professor of Applied Mechanics at
the Royal Naval Coll., Greenwich, 1873-1897.--["Who's Who."]

_fa bro_, Thomas COTTERILL, eminent clergyman at Sheffield; A.B., Cambridge, 1801.--["Grad. Cant."]

_bro_, Joseph Morthland COTTERILL, D.D. (hon. causa), St. Andrew's University.

_fa son_, Henry COTTERILL, Senior Wrangler, 1835; second classic, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Cambridge; Bishop of Edinburgh.--["Grad. Cant."]

_bro son_, Joseph M. COTTERILL (b. 1851), Surgeon to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Lecturer at Edinburgh School of Medicine.--["Who's Who."]

_bro son_, Arthur COTTERILL, Head of Permanent Way Department Egyptian Railway Administration.

_fa bro son_, Thomas COTTERILL, third wrangler, 1832; fellow of St. John's Coll., Cambridge; one of the earliest members of the London Mathematical Soc., to which he contributed many papers of importance.--["Grad. Cant."]

George Howard #DARWIN# (b. 1845), F.R.S., second wrangler, 1868;
Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy,
Cambridge; author of many papers in the "Philosophical
Transactions" relating to tides, physical astronomy, and cognate
subjects; President of British Association in 1905 at Cape
Town.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa fa_, Erasmus DARWIN, M.D., F.R.S. (1731-1802), physician, poet, and philosopher; author of "Botanic Garden," "Zoonomia," and other works, in which he maintained a view of evolution subsequently expounded by Lamarck.--["Life," by Ch. R. Darwin, and "Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa_, Robert Waring DARWIN (1766-1848), M.D., F.R.S., sagacious and distinguished physician; described by his son, Charles R. Darwin, as "the wisest man I ever knew."--["Life and Letters of Charles R. Darwin," i. 10-20.]

_fa fa bro_, Charles DARWIN (1758-1778), of extraordinary promise, gained first gold medal of Æsculapian Society for experimental research; died from a dissection wound, aged twenty; many obituary notices.--["Life and Letters of Charles R. Darwin," i. 7.]

_fa bro_, Erasmus DARWIN. (See Carlyle's inexact description, and the appreciations of him by his brother and others, in "Life and Letters of Charles R. Darwin," i. 21-25.)

_fa_, Charles Robert DARWIN (1809-1882), F.R.S., the celebrated naturalist. The dates of his works are "Voyage of the _Beagle_," 1840; "Origin of Species," 1859; followed by a succession of eight important volumes ranging from 1862 to 1881, each of which confirmed and extended his theory of descent. Among the very numerous biographical memoirs it must suffice here to mention "Life and Letters," by Francis Darwin, and "Dict. N. Biog."

_me me fa_, Josiah WEDGWOOD, F.R.S. (1730-1795), the famous founder of the pottery works.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me me bro_, Thomas WEDGWOOD (1771-1805), an experimenter in early life, and in one sense the first to create photography; a martyr to ill-health later. Sydney Smith knew "no man who appeared to have made such an impression on his friends," his friends including many of the leading intellects of the day.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa fa_ (she was her husband's _fa bro dau_), Josiah WEDGWOOD, F.R.S.; see above.

_me bro_, Hensleigh WEDGWOOD (1803-1891), author of "Etymological Dictionary" and of other works, partly mathematical.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro dau_, Julia WEDGWOOD, essayist.

_bro_, Francis DARWIN (b. 1848), F.R.S., botanist; biographer of his father; reader in botany at Cambridge, 1876-1903; foreign sec. Royal Society. Author of botanical works and memoirs.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Major Leonard DARWIN (b. 1850), late R.E., second in the examination of his year for Woolwich; served on several scientific expeditions, including transit of Venus of 1874 and 1882; Staff Intelligence Dep. War Office, 1885-1890; M.P. for Lichfield, 1892-1895. Author of "Bimetallism," "Municipal Trade."--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Horace DARWIN (b. 1851), F.R.S., engineer and mechanician; joint founder of the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company and its proprietor. It is now a limited company, of which he is chairman.--["Who's Who."]

_More distant relation:_

_fa fa si son_, Francis GALTON, F.R.S. (q.v.).

Sir John #EVANS# (b. 1823), K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,
President of the Royal Numismatic Society since 1874; trustee of
the British Museum; treasurer and vice-president of the Royal
Society during twenty years; has been president of numerous
learned societies; author of works on the coins of the Ancient
Britons, and on their stone and bronze implements.--["Who's Who,"
and "Ency. Brit."]

_fa fa_, Lewis EVANS (1755-1827), F.R.S., F.A.S., mathematician; first Mathematical Master of R.M.A., Woolwich.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa_, Arthur Benoni EVANS (1781-1854), D.D., miscellaneous writer; Professor of Classics and History, R.M.C., 1805-1822; headmaster of Market Bosworth Grammar School, 1825-1854.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro_ and _wi fa_, John DICKINSON (1782-1869), F.R.S., inventor of paper-making machine.

_bro_, Sebastian EVANS, LL.D., poet, artist, and author.

_si_, Anne EVANS (1820-1870), poet and musician, composer.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_son_, Arthur John EVANS (b. 1851), D.Litt. (Oxon), Hon. D.Litt. (Dublin), Hon. LL.D. (Edinburgh), F.R.S., Keeper of Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, since 1884; in 1893 started investigations in Crete, which resulted in the discovery of the pre-Phoenician script; in 1900-1905 excavated the prehistoric palace of Knossos.--["Who's Who."]

_me bro son_ and _wi bro_, John DICKINSON (1815-1876), writer on India, and founder of Indian Reform Society, 1853.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

Right Hon. Sir Edward #FRY# (b. 1827), D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., Judge
of High Court, Chancery Division, 1877-1883; Lord Justice of
Appeal, 1883-1892; President of the Royal Com. on the Irish Land
Acts, 1897-1898; Chairman of the Court of Arbitration under the
Metropolitan Water Act, 1902; member of the Permanent Court of
International Arbitration at the Hague; author of a "Treatise on
the Specific Performance of Contracts," of "British Mosses," and
"The Mycetozoa."--["Who's Who."]

_fa bro_, Francis FRY (1803-1886), member of the firm of J.S. Fry and Co., Bristol; a great authority on bibliography.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Right Hon. Lewis FRY (b. 1832), M.P. for Bristol, 1878-1885; N. Bristol, 1885-1892, and 1895-1900.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Joseph Storrs FRY, has maintained and extended a large manufacturing business, and taken an active part in philanthropic work.

_fa fa fa_, Joseph FRY (1728-1787), practised medicine in Bristol, afterwards manufactured cocoa and chocolate; started type-founding business with William Pine, 1764.--["Dic. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro_, Edmund FRY (1754-1835), M.D. of Edinburgh; devoted his life to the business of type-founding, and to the philological studies connected with it.--["Dic. N. Biog."]

_wife_, Mariabella, née HODGKIN, _dau_ of the historian.

Francis #GALTON# (b. 1822), D.C.L., Hon. Sc.D. (Camb.), F.R.S.,
traveller, anthropologist and biometrician; author of many works
and memoirs on these and analogous subjects, including
meteorology, heredity, identification by fingerprints; latterly a
promoter of the study of Eugenics. Gold medal R. Geog. Soc.,
1853, for travels in Damaraland, S. Africa; Royal medal, 1886,
and Darwin medal, 1903, of the Royal Soc., for applications of
measurement to human faculty; Huxley medal of the Anthropol.
Institute, 1901.--["Ency. Brit.," and "Who's Who."]

_fa si_, SCHIMMELPENNINCK (1778-1856), Mrs. Mary Anne, author of various works, mostly theological, and on the Port Royalists and Moravians.--["Dic. N. Biog."]

_fa fa fa_, Samuel GALTON (1720-1799), cultured Quaker philanthropist, contractor and banker.--[See life of above M.A.S., and the "Annual Register."]

_fa me ½ bro_, Robert Barclay ALLARDICE (1779-1854), commonly known as Capt. BARCLAY of Ury, pedestrian, noted for his walking feats, agriculturist.--["Dic. N. Biog."]

_me fa_, Erasmus DARWIN, M.D., F.R.S.--See DARWIN.

_me ½ bro son_, Charles Robert DARWIN, F.R.S., the naturalist.--See DARWIN.

_si son_, Edward G. WHELER (b. 1850), a founder and president of the Land Agents' Society; commissioner and estate agent during sixteen years for 155,000 acres of various descriptions of property.

_fa bro son_, Sir Douglas GALTON (1822-1901), K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., passed from Woolwich to Royal Engineers with the best examination then on record, obtaining first prize in every subject, 1840; Inspector of Railways, and Secretary of Railway Dept., Board of Trade, 1856; Assistant Inspector-General of Fortifications, 1860; designed and constructed the Herbert Hospital at Woolwich; Director of Public Works and Building in H.M. Works, 1870-1875; General Secretary of British Assoc., 1870-1895; President of it, 1895; authority on hospital construction, and on the sanitation, ventilation, etc., of public buildings.--["Dict. N. Biog.," Suppl. ii.]

_His kindred by his mother's side are:_

_me fa fa_, Jedediah STRUTT (1726-1797), hosiery manufacturer and
cotton spinner; inventor of machine for making ribbed stockings;
partner of Sir Richard Arkwright.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa_, Joseph STRUTT (1765-1844), first Mayor of Derby, 1835,
and donor of the arboretum; great friend of the poet Thomas
Moore.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and "Life and Letters" of T. Moore.]

_me fa bro_, William STRUTT (1756-1830), ingenious mechanician
and inventor; friend of Erasmus Darwin, R.L. Edgeworth, Robert
Owen, Joseph Lancaster, Samuel Bentham Dalton, etc.; originator
and designer of the first Derby Infirmary.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa bro son_, Edward STRUTT (1801-1880), created Baron BELPER,
1856; M.P., F.R.S.; a philosophical Radical, intimate with
Bentham, the Mills, and Macaulay; Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster, 1852-1854; President of University Coll., London,
1871.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa bro son_, Anthony STRUTT (1791-1875), ingenious
mechanician.

_me me si son_, Sir Charles FOX (1810-1874), constructing
engineer of London and Birmingham Railway; knighted after
designing Exhibition buildings in Hyde Park, 1851; made first
narrow-gauge line in India; built Berlin Waterworks.--["Dict. N.
Biog."]

Sir Archibald #GEIKIE# (b. 1835), F.R.S., and many foreign
distinctions; Director-General Geological Survey of United
Kingdom, and Director Museum Practical Geology in Jermyn Street,
1882-1901; medallist of the Royal and other societies; Secretary
of the Royal Society; author of numerous works on geology, also
of biographies of David Forbes, Sir R. Murchison, and Sir A.
Ramsay.--["Who's Who," "Ency. Brit."]

_fa_, James Stewart GEIKIE (1811-1883), musician and musical critic; author of much psalmody, and of several well-known Scottish melodies, such as "My Heather Hills."

_fa bro_, Walter GEIKIE (1795-1837). R.S.A., painter and draughtsman; author of "Etchings Illustrative of Scottish Character and Scenery."--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro_, William THOMS, master mariner; subsequently teacher of navigation in New York; author of an elaborate treatise on navigation.

_bro_, James GEIKIE (b. 1839), LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.; Professor of Geology and Mineralogy since 1882, and Dean of the Faculty of Science Edinburgh; author of many works on geology, and of "Songs and Lyrics by Heinrich Heine."--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."]

_fa bro son_, Cunningham GEIKIE (b. 1824), LL.D., D.D., a clergyman; author of many religious works.--["Who's Who."]

_fa bro son_, Walter Bayne GEIKIE, Professor of Anatomy, and Dean of Medical Faculty, Trinity Coll., Toronto.

Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Haversham #GODWIN-AUSTEN# (b. 1834),
F.R.S., geologist; Topographical Assistant to the Trigonometric
Survey of India; surveyed the high country and glaciers of
Kashmir and by Ladak, also between Darjeeling and Punakha;
numerous scientific memoirs.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa fa_, Robert AUSTEN, archæologist and coin collector; he was one of the few in his time who understood the value of local maps; a good surveyor of his own property and neighbourhood.

_fa fa_, Sir Henry E. AUSTEN, interested in forestry, and planted largely on his estate; he also knew the value of maps, and had excellent ones of his property.

_fa_, Robert Alfred C. GODWIN-AUSTEN (1808-1884), F.R.S., geologist, took additional surname of Godwin; wrote important papers on the geology of Devonshire, Southern England, and parts of France. --["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa_, Major-General Sir Thomas H. GODWIN (1784-1853), K.C.B., served in Hanover and the Peninsula, Commander-in-Chief in second Burmese War.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Harold GODWIN-AUSTEN, Assistant-Commissioner to the Andaman Islands for thirteen years; was selected by Ney Elias to accompany him on a mission to Yarkand and Kashmir; is now a Deputy Commissioner in S. India.

_me_, Maria Elizabeth GODWIN-AUSTEN, was certainly above the average of women of her time; interested in natural history; drew well in pen and pencil; was an accomplished musician.

_si son_, Bertram H.M. HEWETT, civil engineer; surveyed the great glaciers of the Mustakh Range, Kashmir, and elsewhere; is now in sole charge of main shaft of tunnel under the river in New York.

Francis #GOTCH# (b. 1853), D.Sc, F.R.S., Waynflete Professor of
Physiology at Oxford; formerly Holt Professor of Physiology at
University Coll., Liverpool; author of many scientific
papers.--["Who's Who."]

_me fa_, Ebenezer FOSTER, founder of well-known banking firm of Messrs. Foster, Cambridge.

_fa_, Fredrick William GOTCH, LL.D., late President of Baptist College, Bristol; Hebrew scholar; member of committee for the authorized version of the Old Testament.

_fa bro son_, Thomas Cooper GOTCH (b. 1854), well-known painter.--["Who's Who."]

_wi bro_, Sir Victor HORSLEY (q.v.)

Right Hon. Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone #GRANT DUFF# (b. 1829),
G.C.S.I., P.C., F.R.S., sometime Under-Secretary of State for
India and the Colonies, and Governor of Madras; has been Lord
Rector of Aberdeen University, and president of many learned
societies; King's Trustee of British Museum since 1903; author
of political, literary, and biographical works.--["Who's Who."]

_fa_, James GRANT DUFF (1789-1858), while still a lieutenant, aged twenty-eight, reduced the Sattara State to order after the overthrow of the Peishwa, and restored it to the descendant of its ancient princes, whom he guided as resident till his health broke down at the age of thirty-three. Returning to this country, he wrote the "History of the Mahrattas."--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa_, Sir Whitelaw AINSLIE (1767-1837), surgeon in the East India Company's service, 1788-1815; published "Materia Medica of Hindoostan," and other works.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_son_, Arthur Cuninghame GRANT DUFF (b. 1861), lately First Secretary to H.M.'s Legation, Mexico.

_son_, Evelyn Mountstuart GRANT DUFF (b. 1863), First Secretary to H.M.'s Legation, Persia.

_son_, Adrian GRANT DUFF (b. 1869), Staff-Captain (Intelligence Dept.) Army Headquarters.

John Scott #HALDANE# (b. 1860), F.R.S., University Lecturer in
Physiology, Oxford; joint editor and founder of "Journal of
Hygiene"; has served on several departmental committees, and
carried out special inquiries for Government departments; author
of "Blue Books on the Cause of Death in Colliery Explosions,"
1895; "Ankylostomiasis in Mines," 1902-1903, etc.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, James Alexander HALDANE (1768-1851), in the East India Company's naval service till 1797; then devoted himself to itinerary evangelization in Scotland; author of several theological treatises.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro_, Robert HALDANE (1764-1842), in the Royal Navy till 1797; sold his estate in Stirlingshire to devote the proceeds to missions in India, but was prevented by the Government from carrying out this scheme. Carried on evangelistic work in Geneva and the South of France, and co-operated in Scotland with his brother, endowing places of worship and training young ministers. Wrote several theological treatises.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa bro_, Daniel Rutherford HALDANE (1824-1887), M.D., LL.D., President of Edinburgh College of Physicians.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro_, Sir John BURDON-SANDERSON, Bart, M.D., F.R.S., etc.--(q.v.)

_bro_, Rt. Hon. Richard Burdon HALDANE, P.C., M.P., LL.D., a distinguished politician; author of books on philosophy.--["Who's Who."]

_si_, Elizabeth Sanderson HALDANE, authoress of "Life of Ferrier," translator of Hegel's "History of Philosophy"; promoter of education and of reforms in Scotland.

_fa bro son_, Alexander Chinnery HALDANE, LL.D., Bishop of Argyll and the Isles.

_fa bro son_, Lieutenant-Colonel James Aylmer Lowthorpe HALDANE (b. 1862), D.S.O., served with distinction in Chitral, Tirah, and South Africa, and has won rapid promotion; author of "How we Escaped from Pretoria."--["Who's Who."]

_me fa me bro_, John SCOTT, first Earl of ELDON (1751-1838), famous Lord Chancellor of England.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa me bro_, William SCOTT, first Baron STOWELL (1745-1836), Judge of High Court of Admiralty.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa me bro_, Adam DUNCAN (1731-1804), cr. Viscount DUNCAN of CAMPERDOWN 1797, after the Battle of Camperdown, in which he defeated the Dutch Admiral, De Winter.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and "Life," by his great-grandson, the present Earl of Camperdown.]

_fa me me bro_, Sir Ralph ABERCROMBY (1734-1801), General; served with distinction in Flanders, 1795; commanded expedition against French in West Indies, 1795; commanded troops in Mediterranean, 1800; defeated French at Alexandria, where he died of his wounds.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa me me bro_, Sir Robert ABERCROMBY (1740-1827), General; Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Bombay, 1790; reduced Tippoo Sultan, 1792; conducted second Rohilla War.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

William Abbott #HERDMAN# (b. 1858), D.Sc., F.R.S., P.L.S., General
Secretary of British Association, Professor of Natural History,
University of Liverpool, since 1881; has worked particularly at
marine biology; was one of the founders of the Port Erin
Biological Station, and of the seafish hatchery at Piel; was sent
to Ceylon 1901-1902 to investigate the pearl oyster fishery for
the Government (results published by the Royal Society,
1903-1905); author of numerous zoological works.--["Who's Who."]

_fa me_, Sophia HERDMAN, great ability and strength of character shown by the way she brought up her four sons, after having been left a widow early in life.

_fa_, Robert HERDMAN (1829-1888), R.S.A., well known in Scotland as a portrait and historical painter; also a good Greek scholar, an antiquary, and student of Shakespearian literature.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa bro_, William HERDMAN, Presbyterian minister at Rattray; an antiquary, good botanist, and geologist.

_fa bro_, James Chalmers HERDMAN, D.D. (hon.), Presbyterian minister of Melrose; a popular preacher and convener of foreign missions.

_fa bro son_, James Chalmers HERDMAN, D.D. (hon.), occupies a leading position in the Scottish Church in Canada.

Sydney John #HICKSON# (b. 1859), F.R.S., D.Sc., Professor of
Zoology, Owens Coll., Manchester, since 1894; author of "A
Naturalist in North Celebes," "The Fauna of the Deep Sea," "The
Story of Life in the Seas," and many scientific memoirs.--["Who's
Who."]

_fa bro_, William Edward HICKSON (1803-1870), educational writer; author of "Time and Faith," etc.; editor of "Westminster Review," 1840-1852.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me bro_, Sir Sydney Hedley WATERLOW (b. 1822), K.C.V.O., first Bart., Lord Mayor of London, 1872-1873; M.P. for co. Dumfries, 1868-1869; Maidstone, 1874-1880; Gravesend, 1880-1885; very active philanthropist.--["Who's Who."]

_me bro son_, Sir Ernest WATERLOW (b. 1850), R.A., President Royal Society Painters in Water-colours.--["Who's Who."]

_fa si da_ and _me bro da_, Mrs. Ruth HOMAN, educationalist; member of London School Board; co-opt. member Education Committee L.C.C.

Leonard #HILL#, F.R.S. (b. 1866), Hunterian Professor Royal College
Surgeons, previously Demonstrator of Physiology, Oxford, and
Assistant-Professor of Physiology, University Coll., London;
author of books and memoirs on physiology.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, Arthur HILL, headmaster of Bruce Castle School; reformer of education.

_fa_, G. Birkbeck HILL, author of many books on eighteenth-century literature.

_fa bro_, Edward Bernard Lewin HILL (b. 1834), C.B., retired as senior Assistant-Secretary-General Post Office.--["Who's Who."]

_fa bro_, Sir John Edward Gray HILL (b. 1839), President of the Incorporated Law Society, and of the International Law Association, 1903-1904; author of "With the Beduins" and papers on various subjects connected with maritime law, etc.--["Who's Who."]

_me bro_, Sir John SCOTT (b. 1841), K.C.B., judge in the High Court, Bombay; appointed to reform administration of criminal law in Egypt.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Norman HILL, Secretary to the Shipping Association; a distinguished Liverpool lawyer, and writer and authority on the Economics of Shipping.

_fa fa fa_, Thomas Wright HILL (1736-1851), school-master and stenographer.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro_, Sir Rowland HILL (1795-1879), inventor of penny postage; as Chairman of the Brighton Railway introduced express and excursion trains, 1843-1846.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro_, Edwin HILL (1793-1876), inventor and author; supervisor of stamps at Somerset House; with Mr. De la Rue invented machine for folding envelopes; exhibited 1851.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa fa bro_, Matthew Davenport HILL (1792-1872), first recorder of Birmingham; reformer of criminal law and of the treatment of criminals.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

Sir Joseph Dalton #HOOKER# (b. 1817), G.C.S.I., F.R.S., President
Royal Society, 1872-1877, eminent botanist and traveller;
director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, 1855-1865; naturalist to
H.M.S. "Erebus" in Antarctic expedition, 1839-1843; botanical
travels in the Himalaya, 1847-1851; Morocco and Atlas in 1871;
California and Rocky Mountains, 1877; many botanical
publications, including "Genera Plantarum."--["Ency. Brit.,"
xxix., 324; "Who's Who."]

_me fa_, Dawson TURNER, F.R.S. (1775-1858).--See PALGRAVE.

_fa_, Sir William Jackson HOOKER (1758-1865), F.R.S., eminent botanist; director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, which he greatly extended and threw open to the public, and where he founded the museum of economic botany; Regius Professor of Botany, Glasgow, 1820; knighted 1847; many botanical publications.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me si sons_, the four brothers PALGRAVE.--See PALGRAVE.

Sir Victor A. Haden #HORSLEY#, F.R.S., M.D. (b. 1857), eminent
surgeon and operator; Professor-Superintendent of Brown
Institution, 1884-1890; Professor of Pathology University
College, 1893-1896.

_fa fa_, William HORSLEY (1774-1858), Mus. Bac. Oxford, musical composer, especially of glees, and writer on musical topics. --["Dict. N. Biog.," and Grove's "Dict. of Music."]

_me fa_, Charles Thomas HADEN, a rising London physician, who initiated a treatment for gout, much noted at the time (d. young in 1823).--[Unpublished information.]

_fa_, John Callcott HORSLEY, R.A., distinguished painter.--["Who's Who."]

_fa bro_, Charles Edward HORSLEY (1822-1876), composer of oratorios; best known in America; author of "Text-book of Harmony."--["Dict. N. Biog.," and Grove's "Dict. of Music."]

_me bro_, Sir F. Seymour HADEN (b. 1818), surgeon. Founder and President of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers. A well-known sanitarian, especially in respect to the disposal of the dead. Grand Prix, Paris, 1889 and 1900; many publications.--["Who's Who."]

_fa si son_, Isambard BRUNEL, Chancellor to the Diocese of Ely; ecclesiastical barrister.

_Ancestors in more remote degrees:_

_fa me fa_, John Wall CALLCOTT (1766-1821), composer, mainly of glees and catches; published "Musical Grammar," 1806.--["Dict. N. Biog.," and Grove's "Dict. of Music."]

_fa me fa bro_, Sir Augustus Wall CALLCOTT, R.A. (1779-1844), distinguished painter, mainly of landscapes; knighted, 1837.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me fa fa_, Thomas HADEN, the principal doctor and three times Mayor of Derby.--[Unpublished information.]

_wife_, née BRAMWELL.

_wife's fa_, Sir Frederick BRAMWELL, Bart. (1818-1903), F.R.S., eminent engineer; President British Association, 1888; Pres. Institution of Civil Engineers, 1884-1885; Hon. Sec. Royal Institution.--["Who's Who."]

_wife's fa bro_, Lord BRAMWELL (1808-1902), Judge, 1856; Lord Justice, 1876-1881; raised to peerage, 1882.--["Dict. N. Biog.," Suppl. i.]

John #JOLY# (b. 1858), D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Geology and
Mineralogy in the University of Dublin since 1897; has published
many contributions to the Royal Soc., Royal Dublin Soc.,
etc.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, Henry Edward JOLY, divine and physician; is credited with scientific medical views in advance of his time.

_me fa_, Frederick, Comte de LUSI, statesman, author and linguist; resident Minister of the King of Prussia in London, St. Petersburg, Greece, etc.; made one of the earliest ascents of Mont Blanc, in 1816.

_fa_, John Plunket JOLY (Rev.), accomplished as a painter of bird, insect, and plant life; left a remarkable collection of pictures behind him; died early.

_me bro_, Frederick, Comte de LUSI, soldier; distinguished himself in the German-Danish War of 1848; decorated for valour in saving the life of General Halkett.

_fa bro_, Jasper Robert JOLY, remarkable precosity as a boy; obtained distinguished college successes in classics in his thirteenth year at Trinity Coll., Dublin. Devoted his life to the collection of Hogarth and Bewick, upon whom he was an authority.

_fa si_, Mary JOLY, died young; left a remarkable collection of minutely accurate paintings of birds and flowers.

_me fa fa_, Spiridion, Comte de LUSI, the founder of the de Lusi family, ennobled by Frederick the Great for statesmanship.--["Percy Anecdotes."]

#KELVIN#, Lord.--See WILLIAM THOMPSON.

Alfred Bray #KEMPE# (b. 1849), F.R.S., Chancellor of the Dioceses
of Newcastle, Southwell, and St. Albans; Treasurer and
Vice-President of the Royal Society from 1899; has published
works on mathematics.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa_, Alfred John KEMPE (1784-1846), distinguished antiquary; published works on Holwood Hill, Kent, and St. Martin-le-Grand Church, London.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa_, John Edward KEMPE (b. 1810), late Rector of St. James's, Piccadilly; Hon. Chaplain to the King since 1901.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, John Arrow KEMPE, C.B. (b. 1846), Comptroller and Auditor-General.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Harry Robert KEMPE (b. 1852), Principal Technical Officer of the Postal Telegraph Department; author of "Handbook of Electrical Testing," and other works which have gone through many editions; for many years editor of "Electrical Review."--["Who's Who."]

_bro son_, Edward KEMPE, Captain and Gold Medallist, Radley School; scholar of Lincoln Coll., Oxford; editor of "The Huia," New Zealand.

_fa fa si_, Anna Eliza BRAY, née KEMPE (1790-1883), historical novelist; completed "Monumental Effigies of Great Britain," commenced by her first husband, Charles Alfred Stothard.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

[For further particulars see "A History of the Kempe and Kemp Families."]

Edwin Ray #LANKESTER# (b. 1847), LL.D., F.R.S., celebrated
zoologist; Director of Natural History Departments, British
Museum, since 1898; Fullerian Professor of Physiology and
Comparative Anatomy, Royal Inst., 1898-1900; Linacre Professor of
Comparative Anatomy, Oxford, 1891-1898; numerous other
distinctions.--["Who's Who."]

_fa_, Edwin LANKESTER (1814-1874), M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Natural History, New Coll., London, 1850; Medical Officer of Health for parish of St. James's, Westminster, and Coroner for Central Middlesex; joint editor of "Q.J.M.S.," etc.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_me_, Phebe LANKESTER (1825-1900), authoress of "Wild Flowers Worth Notice"; the popular portion of Sowerby's "British Botany," and many other publications; also wrote weekly in a newspaper for many years under the signature of "Penelope."

_me bro_, Samuel POPE, Q.C., successful leader of the Parliamentary Bar.

_bro_, E. Forbes LANKESTER, first class in "Greats," Oxford, 1877; successful barrister.--["Oxf. Reg."]

_bro_, S. Rushton LANKESTER, H.M. Consul, Batavia.

_si_, Fay LANKESTER, Secretary of National Health Society.

_si_, Marion VATCHER, wife of Rev. Sydney Vatcher, Vicar of St. Philip's, Stepney. Both well known in connection with East London organization of help to the poor.

_si_, Nina LANKESTER, Superintendent of Female Clerks in Money Order Department of Post Office.

Joseph #LISTER# (b. 1827), created Baronet, 1883; Baron #LISTER#,
1897; F.R.S., P.C., O.M., and numerous other distinctions;
President Royal Soc., 1896-1900; Professor of Surgery, Glasgow,
1860-1869, Edinburgh University, 1869-1877, King's Coll., London,
1877-1893; famous for discovery of antiseptic treatment in
surgery.--["Ency. Brit.," and "Who's Who."]

_fa_, Joseph Jackson LISTER (1786-1869), F.R.S., optical investigator, especially in connection with the principles of the achromatic microscope, also author of contributions to Zoology, Phil. Trans.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Arthur LISTER (b. 1830), F.R.S.; botanist; author of monograph on the Mycetozoa.--["Who's Who."]

_bro son_, Joseph Jackson LISTER, F.R.S., biologist; Fellow of St. John's Coll., Cambridge.--["Who's Who."]

_bro son_, Arthur Hugh LISTER, Ass. Phys., Aberdeen Infirmary; obtained "three stars" at University examination, Aberdeen.

_bro da_, Gulielma LISTER, contributed papers to "Linnæan Journal," and, in connection with her brother, to "Journal of Botany."

Sir Oliver #LODGE# (b. 1851), F.R.S., D.Sc., London, Oxon, and
Vict., LL.D., St. Andrews and Glasgow; Principal of the
University of Birmingham since 1900; Professor of Physics,
University Coll., Liverpool, 1881-1900; author of various works
on physics, and of articles in the "Hibbert Journal."--["Who's
Who."]

_fa bro_, Robert J. LODGE, for many years Secretary of the Marine Insurance Company, and reckoned a man of considerable ability in the city.

_bro_, Richard LODGE (b. 1855), Professor of History, Edinburgh, since 1899; First Professor of History, Glasgow University; author of "Student's Modern Europe," "Richelieu" (in Foreign Statesmen Series), and "The Close of the Middle Ages."--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Alfred LODGE, Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cooper's Hill.

_si_, Eleanor Constance LODGE, Sub-head and Lecturer on History in Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

_fa bro son_, George E. LODGE, well-known animal painter and engraver.

Right Hon. Sir John #LUBBOCK# (b. 1834), created Baron #AVEBURY#,
1900, P.C., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., banker, head of Robarts,
Lubbock and Co., well known for the part he has taken in public
affairs; has been a member of many Royal Commissions; For. Sec.
R.A., German Order of Merit, Commander Legion of Honour.
Biologist, President at various times of many learned societies;
author of over 100 memoirs in the Transactions of the Royal Soc.,
and of numerous literary, scientific, and popular scientific
works.--["Who's Who," and "Ency. Brit."]

_fa fa_, Sir John LUBBOCK, a leading banker and governor of the Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation.

_fa_, Sir John William LUBBOCK (1803-1865), F.R.S., astronomer and mathematician; Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal Soc.; First Vice-Chancellor of the London University; Deputy Governor of Royal Exchange Ass. Corp.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Sir Neville LUBBOCK, K.C.M.G., Chairman West India Committee; Governor of the Royal Exchange Ass. Corp.; Chairman of New Colonial Company, etc.--["Who's Who."]

_bro_, Edgar LUBBOCK, LL.B., director of the Bank of England; law scholar of University of London; passed first, and obtained Clifford's Inn prize in Law Soc. Exam.--["Who's Who."]

Sir Francis Leopold #MCCLINTOCK# (b. 1819), K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D.,
F.R.S.; Admiral retired; Elder Brother of Trinity House; served
in four Arctic voyages; discovered fate of Franklin's expedition,
1859; author of "The Fate of Sir John Franklin" and "The Voyage
of the _Fox_."--["Who's Who."]

_fa me_, Patience MCCLINTOCK, née FOSTER, came of a family which showed in most of its branches a high level of ability, and had several distinguished members. Thus, reckoning relationships from her, we find her:

_fa_, John William FOSTER, M.P.

_fa bro_, Anthony FOSTER (d. 1778), M.P., Chief Baron of
Exchequer, Ireland.

_fa bro son_, John FOSTER, Baron ORIEL (1740-1828); Speaker of
Irish House of Commons up to the time of the Union.--["Dict. N.
Biog."]

_fa bro son_, William FOSTER (d. 1797), D.D., Bishop
successively of Cork, Kilmore, and Clogher.

_fa bro son son_, John Leslie FOSTER (d. 1842), F.R.S., Irish
Judge; M.P. for Dublin University, etc.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa bro son son_, Sir Augustus John FOSTER (1780-1848), Bart.,
P.C., M.P.; Minister to United States, Denmark, and
Turin.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa bro son son son_, Vere Henry Lewis FOSTER (1819-1900),
philanthropist and educationalist.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_bro_, Alfred Henry MCCLINTOCK (d. 1881), M.D., LL.D., President Royal College of Physicians, Ireland.

_fa bro son_, John MCCLINTOCK, M.P. for Co. Louth for many years; created Baron RATHONDELL for long political services.

_me fa_, Ven. George L. FLEURY, Archdeacon of Waterford.

_me bro_, Rev. Charles Marley FLEURY, a celebrated preacher in Dublin.

_son_, Henry Foster MCCLINTOCK, Assistant Private Secretary to Lord Stanley, Postmaster-General; served with Army Post-Office Corps in South Africa, and was mentioned in despatches.

_son_, John William Leopold MCCLINTOCK, Commander Royal Navy; passed second into the "Britannia."

_son_, Robert Singleton MCCLINTOCK, Brevet-Major R.E.; scholar at Charterhouse; served on Sir G. Willcocks' staff in the relief of Coomassie, 1900, and was mentioned in despatches.

Sir Clements R. #MARKHAM# (b. 1830), K.C.B., F.R.S., President for
many years of the Royal Geograph. Soc.; served in Arctic
Expedition, 1850-1851; travelled in Peru, 1852-1854, bringing
thence cinchona-bearing trees for cultivation in India;
geographer to the Abyssinian Expedition; author and editor of
numerous geographical works.--["Ency. Brit.," xxx. 544; "Who's
Who."]

_fa fa_, William MARKHAM (1760-1815), scholar; secretary to Warren Hastings in India.

_fa bro son_, Lieutenant-General Sir Edwin MARKHAM (b. 1833), K.C.B., R.E., constant active service.--["Who's Who."]

_fa bro son_, Admiral Sir Albert MARKHAM (b. 1841), K.C.B., Commander of the "Alert" in Arctic Expedition, 1875-1876; various high naval appointments, besides unprofessional work when unemployed on naval duties.--["Who's Who."]

_me bro son_, Right Hon. Sir Frederick MILNER, Bart. (b. 1849), P.C., politician.--["Who's Who."]

_me si son_, Right Hon. Francis FOLJAMBE (b. 1830), P.C., politician.--["Who's Who."]

_me si son_, Right Hon. Sir Edwin EGERTON (b. 1841), P.C., G.C.M.G., Ambassador at Madrid, then at Rome.--["Who's Who."]

_fa fa fa_, William MARKHAM (1719-1807), P.C., Archbishop of York; one of the best scholars of the day; Headmaster of Westminster School, 1753-1765; Dean of Christ Church; Preceptor to the Royal Princes, 1771; Archbishop and Lord High Almoner, 1777.--["Dict. N. Biog.," xxxvi. 172.]

_fa fa bro_, Admiral John MARKHAM (1761-1827); many services at sea; twice on Admiralty Board; M.P. for Portsmouth during seventeen years; proposed and carried appointment of Commission on dockyard abuses, 1806.--["Dict. N. Biog.," xxxvi. 171.]

_fa fa bro_, George MARKHAM (1763-1823), Dean of York; scholar and numismatist.

Mervyn Herbert Nevil Story #MASKELYNE# (b. 1823), F.R.S., Hon.
D.Sc., Oxon. Distinguished mineralogist; formerly Keeper of
Minerals in British Museum; Professor of Mineralogy at Oxford,
1856-1895; M.P. for Cricklade, 1880-1885; for North Wilts,
1885-1892.--["Who's Who."]

_me fa_, Nevil MASKELYNE (1732-1811), D.D., F.R.S., Astronomer Royal for forty-seven years; was the first man to weigh the earth; the originator of the Nautical Almanac.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_fa_, Anthony Mervyn Reeve STORY, F.R.S., gained a double first-class in Lit. Hum. and Mathematics, when nineteen years of age, at Oxford, in 1810.--["Oxf. Reg."]

_si son_, John Story MASTERMAN, gained a first-class in Lit. Hum., 1872; Fellow of Brasenose, Oxford.--["Oxf. Reg."]

_si son_, Herbert Warington SMYTH, Secretary, Mining Dept., Transvaal; Secretary, Siamese Legation, 1898-1901; Order White Elephant of Siam, 1897; author of "Five Years in Siam," etc.--["Who's Who."]

_si son_, Major Nevill Maskelyne SMYTH, obtained V.C. at Battle of Khartoum.--["Who's Who."]

_wife_, née Dillwyn LLEWELYN.

_wi fa fa_, Lewis Weston DILLWYN (1778-1855), F.R.S., well known
as a botanist; established Cambrian Pottery Works at Swansea;
M.P. for Glamorganshire, 1832-1841.--["Dict. N. Biog."]

_wi fa_, John Dillwyn LLEWELYN, F.R.S., early experimenter in
photography.

_wi fa si son_, Traherne MOGGRIDGE, author of "Flora of Mentone,"
"Harvesting Ants," and "Trapdoor Spiders."

_wi me bro_, Christopher Rice Mansel TALBOT, first-class
mathematics, Oxford, 1823; Lord-Lieutenant of Glamorganshire,
M.P., "Father of the House of Commons."--["Oxf. Reg."]

_wi me me si son_, William Henry Fox TALBOT (1800-1877), F.R.S.,
independent inventor of photography, his (wet) processes,
talbotype, etc., being those which have survived in various
forms. He also discovered the direct method of printing by the
autotype process. A distinguished mathematician, he furthermore
was one of the earliest interpreters of cuneiform writing; M.P.
for Chippenham, 1833-1834.--["Dict. N. Biog."]