Chapter XXXII: Part 32

Kusa'--Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku'sa (Creek, see Ani'-Ku'sa) makes it locative. See page 383.

Ku'sa-nûñnâ'hi--"Creek trail," from Ku'sa, Creek Indian, and nûñnâ'hi, path, trail; cf. Suwâ'li-nûñnâ'hi. A former important Cherokee settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the trail from the Ohio region to the Creek country crossed Tennessee river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Alabama. It was known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter's landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.

Ku'saweti'yi (abbreviated Ku'saweti')--"Old Creek place," from Ku'sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani'-Ku'sa), uwe'ti, old, and yi, locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia. In one document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee. See page 382.

Kuwâ'hi--"Mulberry place," from ku'wa, mulberry tree, and hi, locative; Clingman's dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier county, Tennessee. See also Keowee.

Kuwandâ'ta`lûñ'yi (abbreviated Kuwandâ'ta`lûñ)--"Mulberry grove," from ku'wa, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, Tennessee.

Kwa'li, Kwalûñ'yi--Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a postoffice station, just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for "Polly," and the station was so called from an old woman of that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa'li, "Polly," Kwalûñ'yi, "Polly's place." The reservation is locally known as the Qualla boundary.

kwandaya'hû--see da'liksta'.

lâ'lû--the jar-fly (Cicada auletes). See number 59.

Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter--see Ata'-gûl`kalû.

Lloyd--see Da'si`giya'gi.

Long-hair--a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. See page 79. The literal Cherokee translation of "Long-hair" is Gitlû'-gûnahi'ta, but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian form. Cf. Ani'-Gilâ'hi.

Long island--see Amaye`li-gûnahi'ta.

Lookout Mountain town--see Danda'ganû'.

Lowrey, Major George--see Agi`li.

Mayes, J. B.--see Tsâ'wa Gak'ski.

Memphis--see Tsudâ'talesûñ'yi.

Mialaquo--see Amaye`l-e'gwa.

Morgan--see Âganstâ'ta.

Moses--see Wa'si.

Moytoy--a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as "emperor" in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a document of 1792; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma'tayi', for which no meaning can be given.

Muscle shoals--see Dagû'nâhi.

Nacoochee--see Na'gu`tsi'.

Na'dû`li'--known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name cannot be translated and has no connection with na`tû`li, "spicewood."

Nagu`tsi'--a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Georgia. The meaning of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee as Itsâ'ti, q. v.

nakwisi' (abbreviated nakw`si)--star; also the meadow lark.

nakwisi'usdi'--"little star"; the puff ball fungus (Lycoperdon?).

Nâ'na-tlu`gûñ'yi (abbreviated Nâ'na-tlu`gûñ', or Nâ'na-tsu`gûñ')--"Spruce-tree place," from nâ'na, spruce, tlu`gûñ'i or tsu`gûñ'i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative. 1. A traditional ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county, Tennessee. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the same word. 2. Nâna-tsu`gûñ, a place on Nottely river, close to its junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

Nanehi--see Nûñne'hi.

Nantahala--see Nûñdaye'`li.

Nashville--see Dagû'nawe'lâhi.

Natchez--see Ani'-Na`tsi.

Na`ts-asûñ'tlûñyi (abbreviated Na`ts-asûñ'tlûñ)--"Pine-footlog place," from na`tsi, pine, asûñ'tli or asûñtlûñ'i, footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.

na`tsi--pine.

na'tsikû'--"I eat it" (tsi'kiû', "I am eating").

na`tû`li--spicewood (Lindera benzoin).

Naye'hi--see Nûñne'hi.

Nayunuwi--see Nûñyunu'wi.

nehanduyanû'--a song form for nehadu'yanû', an irregular verbal form denoting "conceived in the womb." See number 75.

Nellawgitehi--given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. See page 31. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems to be the common suffix dihi'--, "killer," Cf. Ta'gwadihi'.

Nenetooyah--see Iskagua.

Nequassee--see Ni'kwasi'.

Nettecawaw--see gatayû'sti.

Nettle-carrier--see Tâle'danigi'ski.

New Echota, Newtown--see Itsâ'ti.

Nickajack--see Nikutse'gi.

Nicotani--see Ani'-Kuta'ni.

Nikwasi' (or Nikw'si')--an important ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. A large mound marks the site of the townhouse. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.

Nikutse'gi (also Nûkatse'gi, Nikwatse'gi, or abbreviated Nikutseg')--Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement about 1790 on the south bank of Tennessee river at the entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tennessee. One of the five Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama'gi). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man's name. In the corrupted form of "Nigger Jack," it occurs also as the name of a creek of Cullasagee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.

Nilaque--see Amaye`l-e'gwa.

Nolichucky--see Nâ'natlu`gûñ'yi.

Notchy--a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived in the vicinity (see Ani'-Na`tsi).

Nottely--see Na'dû`li'.

nû--used as a suffix to denote "and," or "also"; û'le-`nû, "and also"; na'ski`-nû', "and that," "that also."

Nucassee--see Nikwasi'.

nu'dûñnelû'--he did so and so; an irregular form apparently connected with the archaic forms adûñni'ga, "it has just become so," and udûñnû', "it is matured, or finished." See number 118.

nûñ'da'--the sun or moon, distinguished as nûñ'da' ige'hi, "nûñ'dã' dwelling in the day," and nûñ'da' sûñnâ'yehi, "nûñ'da' dwelling in the night." In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes called Ge`yagu'ga, q. v., or Su'talidihi', "Six-killer," names apparently founded upon myths now lost.

nûñ'da'-dika`ni--a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus cerulea). The name seems to mean "it looks at the sun," i. e., "sun-gazer," from nûñ'da', sun, and da'ka`na' or detsi'ka`na, "I am looking at it." See number 35.

Nûñ'dâgûñ'yi, Nûñdâ'yi--the Sun land, or east; from nûñda', sun, and yi, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead of di'galûñgûñ'yi, "where it rises," the common word.

Nûñ'daye`li--"Middle (i. e. Noonday) sun," from nûñda', sun and aye`li, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, North Carolina, so called from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement itself was known as Kanu'gû`lâ'yi, "Briertown," q. v. See number 122.

Nugatsa'ni--a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. The word is an archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope. See number 122.

nûñ'gi'--four. See hi'ski.

nugû`la--see kanugû`la.

Nuhnayie--see Nûñne'hi.

nu'na--potato; the name was originally applied to the wild "pig potato" (Phaseolus), now distinguished as nu'na igâtehi, "swamp-dwelling potato."

Nûndawe'gi--see Ani'-Nûndawe'gi.

nûñnâ'hi (abbreviated nûñnâ)--a path, trail or road.

Nûñnâ'hi-dihi' (abbreviated Nûñ'nâ-dihi')--"Path-killer," literally, "He kills (habitually) in the path," from nûñ'nâhi, path, and ahihi, "he kills" (habitually); "I am killing," tsi'ihû'. A principal chief, about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but afterward took the name, Gûnûñ'da`le'gi, "One who follows the ridge," which the whites made simply Ridge.

Nûnnâ'hi-tsune'ga (abbreviated) Nûñnâ-tsune'ga--"White-path," from nûñnâ'hi, path, and tsune'ga, plural of une'ga, white; the form is in the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic reference to the "white" or peaceful paths spoken of in the opening invocation at the Green corn dance. A noted chief who led the conservative party about 1828. See pages 113, 132.

Nûñne'hi (also Gûñne'hi; singular Naye'hi)--a race of invisible spirit people. The name is derived from the verb e'hû', "I dwell, I live," e'hi', "I dwell habitually," and may be rendered "dwellers anywhere," or "those who live anywhere," but implies having always been there, i. e., "Immortals." It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by different writers. The singular form Naye'hi occurs also as a personal name, about equivalent to Eda'hi, "One who goes about." See number 78.

nuniyu'sti--"potato-like," from nu'na, potato, and iyu'sti, like. A flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. See number 126.

nûñyû'--rock, stone. Cf. nâyu, sand

Nûñyû'-gûñwani'ski--"Rock that talks," from nûñyû', rock, and tsiwa'nihû, "I am talking." A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee river in Georgia derives its name. See number 125.

Nûñ'yunu'wi--contracted from Nûñyû-unu'wi. "Stone-clad," from nûñyû, rock, and agwanu'wû, "I am clothed or covered." A mythic monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. See number 67. The name is also applied sometimes to the stinging ant, dasûñtâli atatsûñski, q. v. It has also been spelled Nayunuwi.

Nûñyû'-tlu`gûñi (or Nûñyû-tsu`gûñ'i)--"Tree rock." A notable rock on Hiwassee river, just within the North Carolina line. See number 66 and notes.

Nûñyû'-tawi'ska--"Slick rock," from nûñyû', rock, and tawiska, smooth, slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, North Carolina. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.

Ocoee--see Uwagâ'hi.

Oconaluftee--see Egwânul`ti.

Oconee--see Ukwû'nû.

Oconostota--see Âganstâ'ta.

Old Tassel--see Utsi'dsata'.

Ooltewah--see Ultiwâ'i.

Oolunsade--see Ulûñsû'ti.

Oostanaula--see U stana'li.

Oostinaleh--see U stana'li.

Oothcaloga--see Uy`gilâ'gi.

Otacite, Otassite--see Outacity.

Otari, Otariyatiqui--mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee âtari or âtali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful. See page 28.

Ottare--see â'tali.

Owasta--given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page 31.

Ougillogy--see Uy`gilâ'gi.

Outacity--given in documents as the name or title of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Otassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffix dihi', "killer." Timberlake says (page 71): "There are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which is Outacity or Man-killer, and the second Colona or the Raven."

Outassatah--see Outacity.

Owassa--see Ayuhwa'si.

Paint-town--see Ani'-Wâ'dihi'.

Path-killer--see Nûñnâ'hi-dihi'.

Phoenix, Cherokee--see Tsule'hisanûñ'hi.

Pigeon River--see Wâyi.

Pine Indians--see Ani'-Na`tsi.

Pinelog--see Na`ts-asûñ'tlûñyi.

Qualatchee--a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina. The correct form is unknown.

Qualla--see Kwali.

Quaxule--see Guaxule.

Quinahaqui--a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified. See page 28.

Quoneashee--see Tlanusi'yi.

Rattlesnake springs--see Utsanatiyi.

Rattling-gourd--see Ganse`ti.

Raventown--see Kâlanûñ'yi.

Red Clay--see Elawâ'diyi.

Reid, Jesse--see Tse'si-Ska'tsi.

Ridge, Major John--see Nûñnâ'hi-dihi.

Ross, John--see Gu'wisguwi'.

Ross' landing--see Tsatanu'gi.

Sadayi'--a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.

Sâgwâ'hi, or Sâgwûñ'yi--"One place," from sâ'gwû, one, and hi or yi, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has its parallel in Tsâskâ'hi, "Thirty place," a local name in Cherokee county, in the same state.

sâ'gwali', horse; from asâgwâlihû, a pack or burden, asâgwullû'; "there is a pack on him."

sâ'gwali digû'lanahi'ta--mule; literally "long eared horse," from sâ'gwali, horse, and digû'lanahi'ta, q. v.

Sâkwi'yi (or Suki'yi; abbreviated Sâkwi' or Suki')--a former settlement on Soquee river, a head-stream of Chattahoochee, near Clarkesville, Habersham county, Georgia. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.

salâ'li--squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties are kiyu`ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying squirrel. Salâ'li was also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago; Salâ'lani'ta, "Young-squirrels," is a masculine personal name on the reservation.

saligu'gi--turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle, u`lana'wa; land tortoise or terrapin, tûksi'.

salikwâ'yi--bear-grass (Eryngium); also the greensnake, on account of a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia.

Sa'nigilâ'gi (abbreviated San`gilâ'gi)--Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. It is connected with the tradition of U`tlûñ'ta (see number 66 and notes).

Santeetla--the present map name of a creek joining Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina, and of a smaller tributary (Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known to the Cherokee as Tsunda`nilti'yi, q. v.; the main Santeetla creek is commonly known as Nâgu'hi geyûñ'i, "Sand-place stream," from Nûyu'hii, "Sand place" (nâyu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction of the two creeks.

Sara--see Ani'-Suwa'li.

sa'sa'--goose; an onomatope.

Sautee--see Itsâ'ti.

Savannah--the popular name of this river is derived from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to the Cherokee as Ani'-Sawanu'gi, q. v., to the Creeks as Savanuka, and to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In old documents the river is also called Isundiga, from I`sû'nigû or Seneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters. See number 99.

Sawanu'gi--"Shawano" (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. See Ani'-Sawanu'gi and Kâ'lahû'.

Sawnook--see Kâ'lahû'.

Sehwate'yi--"Hornet place," from se'hwatû, hornet, and yi, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim bald, adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

selu--corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas Agawe'la, "The Old Woman." See number 126.

sel-utsi' (for selu-utsi')--"corn's mother," from selu, corn and utsi', his mother (etsi' or agitsi', my mother); the bead-corn or Job's-tears (Coix lacryma). See number 126.

Seneca--see Ani'-Nûn'dawe'gi (Seneca tribe), and I`sû'nigû, (Seneca town).

Sequatchee--see Si'gwetsi'.

Sequoya--see Sikwâyi.

Se`tsi--a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side of Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; the name has lost its meaning. See number 79. A settlement called Tase`tsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.

Sevier--see Tsan'-usdi'.

Shoe-boots--see Da'si`giya'gi.

Shooting creek--see Du'staya`lûñy'yi.

Si'gwetsi'--a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of the French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tennessee. Near by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. See number 111 and notes. Sequatchee, the name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tennessee, is probably a corruption of the same word.

si'kwa--hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished as si'kwa utset'sti, q. v.

si'kwa utset'sti--opossum: literally "grinning hog," from si'kwa, hog, and utset'sti, "he grins (habitually)." Cf. sikwa.

Sikwâ'yi--a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. See page 108. The name, which can not be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.

Sikwi'a--a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See also Tsan-usdi'.

sinnawah--see tla'nuwa.

Si'tikû' (or sû'tagû', in dialectic form)--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name, which can not be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.

siyu'--see â'siyu'.

skintâ'--for skin'tâgû', understood to mean "put a new tooth into my jaw." The word can not be analyzed, but is derived from gantka' (ganta`ga in a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu`ga. See number 15.

Skwan'-digû`gûñ'yî (for Askwan'-digû`gûñ'yi)--"Where the Spaniard is in the water [or other liquid]". A place on Upper Soco creek, on the reservation in Jackson county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Slick rock--see Nûñyû'-tawi'ska.

Smith, N. J.--see Tsaladihi'.

Snowbird--see Tuti'yi.

Soco creek--see Sâgwâ'hi.

Soco gap--see Ahalu'na.

Soquee--see Sâkwi'yi.

Spray, H. W.--see Wilsini'.

Spring-Frog--see Du'stu'.

Standing Indian--see Yûñwi-tsulenûñ'yi.

Stand Watie--see De'gatâga.

Stekoa--see Stikâ'yi.

ste'tsi--your daughter; literally, your offspring; agwe'tsi, "my offspring"; uwe'tsi, "his offspring"; to distinguish sex it is necessary to add asga'ya, "man" or age'hya, "woman."

Stikâ'yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)--the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. On Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Rabun county, Georgia; 2. on Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word has lost its meaning.

Stringfield--see Tlâge'si.

stugi'sti, stui'sti--a key; see page 187 and under Astu'gatâ'ga.

Suck, The--see Ûñ'tiguhi'.

Sugartown--see Kûlse'tsi'yi.

sû'nawa'--see tla'nuwa.

sûnestlâ'ta--"split noses"; see tsunû`liyû' sûnestlâ'ta.

sûñgi--mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the various mints are called generically, gaw`sûñ'gi. See number 29.

Suki'yi--another form of Sâkwi'yi, q.v.

su'li'--buzzard; the Creek name is the same.

Sun land--see Nûñ'da'yi.

su'-sa'-sai'--an unmeaning song refrain. See number 66.

su'talidihi'--see nûñ'da'.

Suwa'li--see Ani'-Suwa'li.

Suwa'li-nûñnâ'hi (abbreviated Suwa'li-nûñnâ'hi)--"Suwali trail," the proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from Suwa'li-Nûñ'nâ) river, east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Cf. Ku'sa-nûñnâ'hi. See pages 194 and 379, also Ani'-Suwa'li.

Suwa`ni--a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Georgia. The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin. See page 382.

Suye'ta--"The Chosen One," from asuye'ta, "he is chosen," gasu'yeû, "I am choosing"; the same form, suye'ta, could also mean mixed, from gasu'yahû, "I am mixing it." A masculine name, at present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.

Swannanoa--see Suwa'li-nûñnâ'hi.

Swim bald--see Sehwate'yi.

Swimmer--see A`yûñ'ini.

tadeyâ'statakûhi'--"we shall see each other." See number 75.

Tae-keo-ge--see Ta`ski'gi.

ta'gû--the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also called tu'ya-diskalaw'sti'ski, "one who keeps fire under the beans." See number 59.

Ta'gwa--see Ani'ta'gwa.

Ta'gwadihi' (abbreviated Ta'gwadi')--"Catawba-killer," from Ata'gwa or Ta'gwa, Catawba Indian, and dihihi, "he kills them" (habitually) from tsi'ihû', "I kill." An old masculine personal name, still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the whites about 1790 as "The Glass," from a confusion of this name with adake'`ti, glass, or mirror.

Tagwâ'hi--"Catawba place," from Ata'gwa or Ta'gwa, Catawba Indian, and hi, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Georgia; a third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee as Tagwâ'hi, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

Tahkeyostee--see Unta'kiyasti'yi.

Tahlequah--see Talikwa'.

Tahchee--see Tatsi'.

Takatoka--see De'gatâ'ga.

ta'ladu' (abbreviated taldu')--twelve, from ta'li, two. Cf. tala'tu, cricket.

Ta`lasi'--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tennessee. The name has lost its meaning.

Talassee--see Ta`lasi'.

tala'tu--cricket; sometimes also called dita'staye'ski (q. v.), "the barber." Cf. ta'ladu', twelve.

Tâle'danigi'ski (Utâle'danigi'si, in a dialectic form)--variously rendered by the whites "Hemp-carrier," "Nettle-carrier" or "Flax-toter," from tâle'ta or utâle'ta, flax (Linum) or rich weed (Pilea pumila), and danigi'ski, "he carries them (habitually)." A former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. See number 95 and notes.

Talihina--given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. See page 223.

Talikwa' (commonly written Tellico, Telliquo or, in the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)--the name of several Cherokee settlements at different periods, viz: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1839. The meaning of the name is lost.

Tali'wa--the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creek ta'lua or ita'lua, town. See pages 38 and 384-385.

Talking-rock--see Nûñyû'-gûñwani'ski.

Tallulah--see Talulu'.

Tal-tsu'ska'-- "Two-heads," from ta'li, two, and tsu'ska', plural of uska', (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites as Doublehead.

taluli--pregnant; whence aluli', (she is) a mother, said of a woman.

Talulu' (commonly written Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)--a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word is of uncertain etymology. The dulu'si frog is said to cry talulu'. See number 125. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the Cherokee as Ugûñ'yi, q. v.

Taluntiski--see Ata'lûñti'ski.

Tama`li--a name, commonly written Tomotley or Tomatola, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. On Valley river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present Tomatola, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 2. on Little Tennessee river, about Tomotley ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name can not be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that tribe had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee river.

Tanasi'--a name which can not be analyzed, commonly spelt Tennessee, occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. On Little Tennessee river, about halfway between Citico and Toco creeks, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. "Old Tennessee town," on Hiwassee river, a short distance above the junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tennessee; 3. on Tennessee creek, a head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Tanasqui, visited by Pardo in 1567 (see page 29), may have been another place of the same name. See number 124.

Tanasqui--see Tanasi.

Ta`ski'gi (abbreviated from Ta`skigi'yi or Da`skigi'yi, the locative yi being commonly omitted)--a name variously written Tae-keo-ge (misprint), Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc. derived from that of a foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring as a local name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The principal settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just above the junction of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. another was on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga, Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, North Carolina. See page 29 and number 105.

Tasquiqui--see Ta`ski'gi.

Tassel, Old--see Utsi'dsata'.

Tatsi'--"Dutch," also written Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief about 1830. See page 141.

tatsu'hwa--the redbird.

tawa'li--punk.

Tawa'li-ukwanûñ'ti--"Punk-plugged-in," from tawa'li, punk; the Cherokee name of a traditional Shawano chief. See number 100.

tawi'ska, tawi'skage--smooth, slick.

Tawi'skala--"Flint"; a Cherokee supernatural, the personification of the rock flint; tawi'skalûñ'i, tawi'skala, flint, from tawi'ska, smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaroñ. See number 25 and notes.

Tayûnksi--a traditional western tribe; the name can not be analyzed. See number 105.

Tellico--see Talikwa'.

telûñ'lati--the summer grape (Vitis æstivalis).

Tensawattee--see Ku'saweti'yi.

Terrapin--see Tûksi'.

tewa--flying squirrel; salâ'li, gray squirrel; kiyu`ga, ground squirrel.

Thomas, W. H.--see Wil-usdi'.

Tikwali'tsi--a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a tributary of War-woman creek, east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. the Tikwali'tsi of the story, an important town on Tuckasegee river at the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. Tuckalechee cove, on Little river, in Blount county, Tennessee, which probably preserves the aboriginal local name. The name appears in old documents as Tuckarechee (Lower dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not be confounded with Tsiksi'tsi or Tuckasegee. It can not be translated. See number 100 and notes.

Timossy--see Tomassee.

Tlâge'si--"Field"; the Cherokee name for Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, North Carolina, one of the officers of the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It is an abbreviated rendering of his proper name.

tlâge'sitûñ'--a song form for tlâge'si a-stûñ'i, "on the edge of the field," from tlâge'si, or tsâge'si, field, and astûñ'i, edge, border, etc; ama'yastûñ', "the bank of a stream." See number 24.

tla'meha--bat (dialectic forms, tsa'meha, tsa'weha). See page 187.

tlanu'si'--leech (dialectic form, tsanu'si'). See page 187.

Tlanusi'yi (abbreviated Tlanusi')--"Leech place," a former important settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley rivers, the present site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; also a point on Nottely river, a few miles distant, in the same county. See number 77 and notes. The name appears also as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.

tla'nuwa' (dialectic forms, tsanuwa', sû'nawa', "sinnawah"--Adair)--a mythic great hawk. See numbers 35, 64, 65, also page 187.

tla'nuwa' usdi'--"little tla'nuwa'"; probably the goshawk (Astur atricapillus). See number 35.

Tla'nuwa'-atsiyelûñ'isûñ'yi--"Where the Tla'nuwa cut it up," from tla'nuwa', q. v., and tsiyelûñ'iskû', an archaic form for tsigûñilûñ'iskû', "I am cutting it up." A place on Little Tennessee river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county, Tennessee. See number 64 and notes.

Tla'nuwa'i--"Tla'nuwa place," a cave on the north side of Tennessee river a short distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county, Tennessee. See number 64 and notes.

tlay'kû'--jay (dialectic form, tsay'kû'). See page 187.

tlûñti'sti--the pheasant (Bonasa umbella), called locally grouse or partridge.

tlutlu'--the martin bird (dialectic form, tsutsu'). See page 187.

tsûñtû'tsi--panther (dialectic form, tsûñtû'tsi). See page 187.

Tocax--a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567 (see page 29). It may possibly have a connection with Toxaway (see Dûksa'i) or Toccoa (see Tagwâ'hi).

Toccoa--see Tagwâ'hi.

Toco--see Dakwâ'i.

Tollunteeskee--see Ata'lûñti'ski.

Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)--the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements, viz: 1. On Tomassee creek of Keowee river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; 2. on Little Tennessee river near the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, South Carolina. The correct form and interpretation are unknown.

Tomatola, Tomotley--see Tama`li.

Tooantuh--see Du'stu'.

Toogelah--see Dugilu'yi.

Toqua--see Dakwâ'i.

Toxaway--see Dûksa'i.

Track Rock gap--see Datsu'nalâsgûñ'yi.

Tsaga'si--a Cherokee sprite. See number 78.

tsâ'gi--upstream, up the road; the converse of ge'i. See number 117.

Tsaiyi'--see Ûñtsaiyi'.

Tsa'ladihi'--Chief N. J. Smith of the East Cherokee. The name might be rendered "Charley-killer," from Tsali, "Charley," and dihi', "killer" (in composition), but is really a Cherokee equivalent for Jarrett (Tsaladi), his middle name, by which he was frequently addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.

tsâl-agayûñ'li--"old tobacco," from tsâlû, tobacco, and agayûñ'li, or agâyûñ'lige, old, ancient; the Nicotiana rustica or wild tobacco. See number 126.

Tsa'lagi' (Tsa'ragi' in Lower dialect)--the correct form of Cherokee. See page 182, "Tribal Synonymy."

Tsa'li--Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting the troops at the time of the Removal. See page 131.

tsâliyu'sti--"tobacco-like," from tsâlû, tobacco, and iyu'sti, like; a generic name for the cardinal-flower, mullein and related species. See number 126.

tsâlû or tsâlûñ (in the Lower dialect, tsârû)--tobacco; by comparison with kindred forms in other Iroquoian dialects the meaning "fire to hold in the mouth" seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh. See number 126 and page 187.

tsa'meha--see tla'meha.

tsa'nadiskâ'--for tsandiskâi, "they say."

tsana'sehâ'i--so they say, they say about him. See number 118.

tsâne'ni--the scorpion lizard; also called gi'ga-danegi'ski, q. v. See number 59.

Tsani--John.

Tsantawû'--a masculine name which can not be analyzed.

Tsan-uga'sita--"Sour John"; John Butler, a halfbreed Cherokee ball captain, formerly living on Nottely river. See number 122.

Tsan-usdi'--"Little John"; the Cherokee name for General John Sevier, and also the boy name of the chief John Ross, afterward known as Gu'wisguwi', q. v. Sikwi'a, a Cherokee attempt at "Sevier," is a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.

tsanu'si'--see tlanu'si'.

tsa'nuwa'--see tla'nuwa'.

Tsa'ragi'--Cherokee; see page 182, "Tribal Synonymy."

tsârû--see tsâlû.

Tsasta'wi--a noted hunter formerly living upon Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful. See number 122.

Tsatanu'gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)--the Cherokee name for some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at the city of Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no meaning in the Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin. The ancient name for the site of the present city is A`tla'nuwa, q. v. See number 124. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to the whites as Ross' landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother of the chief John Ross.

Tsatu'gi (commonly written Chattooga or Chatuga)--a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, but apparently of foreign origin (see page 382). Possible Cherokee derivations are from words signifying respectively "he drank by sips," from gatu'gia', "I sip," or "he has crossed the stream and come out upon the other side," from gatu'gi, "I have crossed" etc. An ancient settlement of this name was on Chattooga river, a head-stream of Savannah river, on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia; another appears to have been on upper Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; another may have been on Chattooga river, a tributary of the Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.

Tsâ'wa Gakski--Joe Smoker, from Tsâwa, "Joe," and gakski, "smoker," from ga'giskû, "I am smoking." The Cherokee name for Chief Joel B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west.

Tsawa'si--a Cherokee sprite. See number 78.

tsa'weha--see tla'meha.

tsay'kû'--see tlay'kû'.

Tsek'sini'--the Cherokee form for the name of General Andrew Jackson.

Tsesa'ni--Jessan, probably a derivative from Jesse; a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.

Tse'si-Ska'tsi--"Scotch Jesse"; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East Cherokee, so called because of mixed Scotch ancestry.

tsetsani'li--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking); my elder brother (male speaking), ûñgini'li. See note to number 63.

Tsgâgûñ'yi--"Insect place," from tsgâya, insect, and yi, locative. A cave in the ridge eastward from Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 13.

tsgâya--insect, worm, etc. See page 308.

Tsikama'gi--a name, commonly spelled Chickamauga, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country, which has lost any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of foreign origin. It is applied to a small creek at the head of Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia, and also to the district about the southern (not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into Tennessee river, a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. In 1777 the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from the rest of the tribe and established here a large settlement, from which they removed about five years later to settle lower down the Tennessee in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower towns. See page 54 and number 124.

tsiki'--a word which renders emphatic that which it follows: as â'stû, "very good," âstû' tsiki, "best of all." See number 75.

tsikiki'--the katydid; the name is an onomatope.

tsi'kilili'--the Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis); the name is an onomatope. See number 35.

Tsiksi'tsi (Tûksi'tsi in dialectic form; commonly written Tuckasegee)--1. a former Cherokee settlement about the junction of the two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina (not to be confounded with Tikwali'tsi, q. v.). 2. A former settlement on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. The word has lost its meaning.

Tsi'nawi--a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the first in the Nation to make a spinning wheel and loom. The name can not be analyzed. See page 214.

tsine'û--I am picking it (something long) up; in the Lower and Middle dialects, tsinigi'û.

tsinigi'û--see tsine'û.

tsiska'gili--the large red crawfish; the ordinary crawfish is called tsistû'na. See number 59.

tsi'skwa--bird.

tsiskwa'gwa--robin, from tsi'skwa, bird.

Tsiskwâ'hi--"Bird place," from tsi'skwa, bird, and hi, locative. Birdtown settlement on the East Cherokee reservation, in Swain county, North Carolina.

tsiskwâ'ya--sparrow, literally "principal bird" (i. e., most widely distributed), from tsi'skwa, bird, and yâ, a suffix denoting principal or real.

Tsilalu'hi--"Sweet-gum place," from tsila'lu', sweet-gum (Liquidambar), and hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county, Georgia. The name is incorrectly rendered Gumlog (creek).

Tsiskwunsdi'-adsisti'yi--"Where they killed Little-bird," from Tsiskw-unsdi', "Little-birds" (plural form). A place near the head of West Buffalo creek, southeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsistetsi'yi--"Mouse place," from tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative; a former settlement on South Mouse creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley county, Tennessee. The present town of Cleveland, upon the same creek, is known to the Cherokee under the same name.

tsistu--rabbit.

tsistû'na--crawfish; the large horned beetle is also so called. The large red crawfish is called tsiska'gili.

tsist-uni'gisti--"rabbit foods" (plural), from tsi'stu, rabbit, and uni'gisti, plural of agi'sti, food, from tsiyi'giû "I am eating" (soft food). The wild rose.

Tsistu'yi--"Rabbit place," from tsistu, rabbit, and yi, locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the Great Smoky range, eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina and Blount county, Tennessee. See number 75 and notes. 2. A former settlement on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the, entrance of Chestua creek, in Polk county, Tennessee. The name of Choastea creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina, is probably also a corruption from the same word.

Tsiyâ'hi--"Otter place," from tsiyû, otter, and yi, locative; variously spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee, Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement on a branch of Keowee river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county, South Carolina. 2. A former and still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. 3. A former settlement in Cades cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tennessee.

Tsi'yu-gûnsi'ni--"He is dragging a canoe," from tsi'yu, canoe (cf. tsi'yû, otter) and gûnsi'ni, "he is dragging it." "Dragging-canoe," a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and Kunnesee. See page 54.

Tskil-e'gwa--"Big-witch," from atskili', or tskili', witch, owl, and e'gwa, big; an old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. See page 179. Although translated Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the Indians to mean Big-owl (see number 35), having been originally applied to a white man living on the same clearing, noted for his large staring eyes.

tskili' (contracted from atskili')--1. witch; 2. the dusky horned owl (Bubo virginianus saturatus). See number 35.

TSOLUNGH--see tsalû.

tskwâ'yi--the great white heron or American egret (Herodias egretta).

Tsudâ'talesûñ'yi--"Where pieces fall off," i.e. where the banks are caving in; from adâtale'û, "it is falling off," ts, distance prefix, "there," and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the present site of Memphis, Tennessee, overlooking the Mississippi, and formerly known as the Chickasaw bluff.

Tsuda'ye`lûñ'yi--"Isolated place"; an isolated peak near the head of Cheowa river, northeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. See number 79 and notes. The root of the word signifies detached, or isolated, whence Uda'ye`lûñ'yi, the Cherokee outlet, in the Indian Territory.

Tsu'dinûñti'yi--"Throwing-down place"; a former settlement on lower Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsugidû`li ûlsgi'sti (from tsugidû`li, plural of ugidû`li, one of the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and ûlsgi'sti or ûlsgi'ta, a dance)--the feather or eagle dance. See number 35.

tsûñgili'si--plural of ûñgili'si, q.v.

tsûñgini'si--plural of ûñgini'si, q.v.

Tsukilûñnûñ'yi--"Where he alighted"; two bald spots on a mountain at the head of Little Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. For tradition, see number 122.

tsûñkina'tli--"my younger brothers" (male speaking).

tsûñkita'--"my younger brothers" (female speaking).

tsu`la--fox; cf. tsû`lû, kingfisher and tlutlu' or tsutsu', martin. The black fox is inâ'li. The Creek word for fox is chula.

tsula'ski--alligator: the name is of uncertain etymology.

Tsu`la'wi--see Tsû`lûñwe'i.

Tsulâ'sinûñ'yi--"Footprint place." A place on Tuckasegee river, about a mile above Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsul`kalû'--"Slanting-eyes," literally "He has them slanting" (or leaning up against something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form, and the name is understood to refer to the eyes, although the word eye (akta', plural dikta') is not a part of it. Cf. Ata'-gûl`kalû'. A mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has been corrupted to Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla old fields about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North Carolina, take their name from him. See number 81 and notes.

Tsule'hisanûñ'hi--"Resurrected One," from di'gwale'hisanûñ'hi, "I was resurrected," literally, "I was down and have risen." Tsa'lagi' Tsule'hisanuñhi, the Cherokee title of the newspaper known to the whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee title was devised by Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of the phoenix of classic fable. The Indian name of the recent "Cherokee Advocate" is Tsa'lagi Asdeli'ski.

Tsul`kalû' tsunegûñ'yi--see Tsunegûñ'yi.

tsulie'na--the nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis); the word signifies literally "deaf" (a plural form referring to the ear, gûle'), although no reason is given for such a name.

tsû`lû--kingfisher. Cf. tsu`la.

Tsû`lûñwe'i (abbreviated Tsû`lûñ'we or Tsûla'wi, possibly connected with tsû`lû, kingfisher)--Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.

Tsunda`nilti'yi--"Where they demanded the debt from him"; a place on Little Santeetla river, west of Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. The creek also is commonly known by the same name. See number 122.

Tsundige'wi--"Closed anuses," literally "They have them closed," understood to refer to the anus; from dige'wi, plural of ge'wi, closed, stopped up, blind; cf. Tsul`kalû'; also Gûlisge'wi, "Blind, or closed, ears," an old personal name. See number 74.

tsun'digwûn'tski (contracted from tsun'digwûntsu`gi, "they have them forked," referring to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsul`kalû')--a migratory bird which once appeared for a short time upon the East Cherokee reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail or swallow-tailed flycatcher (Milvulus forficatus). See number 35.

Tsunegûñ'yi (sometimes called Tsul`kalû' Tsunegûñ'yi')--Tennessee bald, at the extreme head of Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson county, North Carolina. The name seems to mean, "There where it is white," from ts, a prefix indicating distance, une'ga, white, and yi, locative. See number 81 and notes.

Tsunil'`kalû--the plural form for Tsul`kalû, q. v.; a traditional giant tribe in the west. See number 106.

tsunû'`liyû'sûnestlâ'ta--"they have split noses," from agwa`liyû', "I have it," and unestlâû', "it is cracked" (as a crack made by the sun's heat in a log or in the earth); the initial s makes it refer to the nose, kayasa'. See number 76 and notes.

tsunis'tsahi'--"(those) having topknots or crests," from ustdahû', "having a topknot," ustsahi', "he has a topknot" (habitual). See number 76 and notes.

Tsuniya'tiga--"Naked People"; literally "They are naked there," from uya'tiga, naked (singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A traditional western tribe. See number 105.

tsunsdi'--contracted from tsunsdi'ga, the plural of usdi'ga or usdi', small.

Tsunu'lahûñ'ski-- "He tries, but fails" (habitually), from detsinu'lahûñ'gû' (q. v.), "I tried, but failed." A former noted chief among the East Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In early life he was called Gûl`kala'ski, a name which denotes something habitually falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gûl`kalû' and Tsul`kalû'.) See page 164.

tsûñ-ka'wi-ye', tsûñ-sikwa-ya', tsûñ-tsu'la-ya', tsûñ-wa'`ya-ya'--"I am (tsûñ or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer" (kawi', archaic for a`wi'); opossum, si'kwa; fox, tsu`la; wolf, wa`ya. Archaic song forms. See number 15.

Tsûsginâ'i--"the Ghost country," from asgi'na, "ghost," i, locative, and ts, a prefix denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is situated in Usûñhi'yi, the Twilight land, in the west. See number 5.

tsuakwa`li--plural of uskwa`li, short.

Tsuskwanûñ'nawa'ta--"Worn-out blanket," from tsuskwanûñ'ni, blanket (the word refers to something having stripes), and uwa'ta, "worn out." James D. Wafford, a prominent Cherokee mixed-blood and informant in the Western nation, who died about 1896. See page 236.

Tsûta'ga Uweyûñ'i--"Chicken creek," from tsûta'ga, chicken, and uweyûñ'i, stream. An extreme eastern head-stream of Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Tsuta'tsinasûñ'yi--"Eddy place." A place on Cheowa river at the mouth of Cockram creek, in Graham county, North Carolina. For tradition see number 122.

tsutsu'--see tlutlu'.

tsûñtû'tsi--see tlûñtû'tsi.

tsuwa'--the mud-puppy or water-dog (Menopoma or Protonopsis). See number 59.

Tsuwa`tel'da--a contraction of Tsuwa`teldûñ'yi; the name has lost its meaning. Pilot knob, north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. See number 82 and notes.

Tsuwa'-uniyetsûñ'yi--"Where the water-dogs laughed," from tsuwa' (q. v.), "water-dog," uniye'tsû, "they laughed" (agiyet'skû, "I am laughing"), and yi, locative; Tusquittee bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. For story see number 122.

Tsuwe'nahi--A traditional hunter, in communication with the invisible people. See number 83. The name seems to mean "He has them in abundance," an irregular or archaic form for Uwe'nai, "he has abundance," "he is rich," from agwe'nai', "I am rich." As a masculine name it is used as the equivalent of Richard. See number 83.

Tuckalechee--see Tikwali'si.

Tuckasegee--see Tsiksi'tai.

Tugaloo--see Dugilu'yi.

tugalu!--the cry of the dagûl`kû goose.

tugalû'na--a variety of small fish, about four inches long, frequenting the larger streams (from galû'na, a gourd, on account of its long nose). See number 39 and notes.

tûksi'--the terrapin or land tortoise; also the name of a Cherokee chief about the close of the Revolution. Saligu'gi, common turtle; soft-shell turtle, u`lana'wa.

Tûksi'tsi--see Tsiksi'tsi.

Tuli-cula--see Tsul`kalû'.

tûlsku'wa--"he snaps with his head," from uska', head; the snapping beetle.

Tunâ'i--a traditional warrior and medicine-man of old Itsâ'ti; the name can not be analyzed. See number 99.

Turkeytown--see Gûn-di'gaduhûñ'yi.

Turniptown--see U`lûñ'yi.

Tuskegee--see Ta`ski'gi.

Tusquittee bald--see Tsuwa'-uniyetsûñ'yi.

Tusquittee creek--see Daskwitûñ'yi.

tu'sti--for tusti'ga, a small bowl; larger jars are called diwa'`li and ûñti'ya.

tûñ'tawû'--a small yellow night-moth. The name comes from ahûñ'tû, a word implying that something flits into and out of the blaze. See number 59.

tu'ti--snowbird.

Tuti'yi--"Snowbird place," from tu'ti, snowbird, and yi, locative. Little Snow-bird creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina.

tû'tsahyesi'--"he will marry you."

tu'ya--bean.

tu'ya-diskalaw`sti'ski--see ta'gû.

tû'yahusi'--"she will die."

Tymahse--see Tomassee.

Uchee--see Ani'-Yu'tsi.

udâ'hale'yi--"on the sunny side."

udâ'i--the baneberry or cohosh vine (Actæa?). The name signifies that the plant has something long hanging from it.

uda`li--"(it is) married"; the mistletoe, so called on account of its parasitic habit.

U'dawagûñ'ta--"Bald." A bald mountain of the Great Smoky range, in Yancey county, North Carolina, not far from Mount Mitchell. See number 51.

Udsi'skala--a masculine name.

uga'sita--sour.

ûñgida'--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking). See notes to number 63.

ûñgili'si (plural, tsûñgili'si)--"my daughter's child." See note to number 66, and cf. ûñgini'si.

ûñgini'li--"my elder brother" (female speaking). See notes to number 63.

ûñgini'si (plural tsûñgini'si)--"my son's child." See note to number 66, and cf. ûñgili'si.

u'giska'--"he is swallowing it"; from tsikiû', "I am eating." See number 8 and notes.

u'guku'--the hooting or barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum); the name is an onomatope. See also tskili' and wa'`huhu'.

ugûñste'li (ugûñste'lû in dialectic form)--the hornyhead fish (Campostoma, stone roller). The name is said, on doubtful authority, to refer to its having horns. See number 59.

Uguñ'yi--Tallulah falls, on the river of that name, northeast from Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; the meaning of the name is lost. See number 84.

Uilata--See U`tlûñ'ta.

uk-ku'sûñtsûteti'--"it will twist up one's arm." See number 115.

Uk-ku'sûñtsûti--"Bent-bow-shape"; a comic masculine name. Cf. gûltsû'ti, bow. See number 115.

uk-kwûnagi'sti--"it will draw down one's eye." See number 115.

Uk-kwûnagi'ta--"Eye-drawn-down"; a comic masculine name. See number 115.

uksu'hi--the mountain blacksnake or black racer (Coluber obsoletus); the name seems to refer to some peculiarity of the eye, akta'; uksuha', "he has something lodged in his eye." See number 53 and notes.

Ukte'na--"Keen-eyed (?)" from akta', eye, akta'ti, to examine closely. A mythic great horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem. See number 50 and notes.

Ukte'na-tsuganûñ'tatsûñ'yi--"Where the Uktena got fastened." A spot on Tuckasegee river, about two miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Uktena-utansi'nastûñ'yi--"Where the Uktena crawled." A rock on the north bank of Tuckasegee river, about four miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 122.

Ukwû'nû (or Ukwû'ni)--a former Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek, near the present Walhalla, in Oconee county, South Carolina.

Ula`gû'--the mythic original of the yellow-jacket tribe. See number 13. The word signifies "leader," "boss," or "principal one," and is applied to the first yellow-jacket (d`ska'i) seen in the spring, to a queen bee and to the leader of a working squad.

u`lana'wa--the soft-shell turtle; the etymology of the word is uncertain. See also saligu'gi and tûksi'.

ulasu'la--moccasin, shoe.

ûle'--and; ûle-`nû', and also.

Ûñli'ta--"(He is) long-winded," an archaic form for the regular word, gûñli'ta; an old masculine name. A chief about the year 1790, known to the whites as "The Breath."

ûlskwûlte'gi--a "pound-mill," a self-acting water-mill used in the Cherokee mountains. The name signifies that "it butts with its head" (uska', head), in allusion to the way in which the pestle works in the mortar. The generic word for mill is dista'sti.

ulstitlû'--literally, "it is on his head." The diamond crest on the head of the mythic Uktena serpent. When detached it becomes the Ulûñsû'ti.

Ultiwâ'i--a former Cherokee settlement about the present Ooltewah, on the creek of the same name, in James county, Tennessee. The name has the locative form (i suffix), but cannot be translated.

ulûñni'ta--domesticated, tame; may be used for persons as well as animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or domesticated plants the adjective is gûnutlûñ'i (or gûnusûñ'i).

Ulûñsû'ti--"Transparent"; the great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee. Spelled Oolunsade by Hagar. See number 50 and notes.

ulûñ'ta--"it has climbed," from tsilahi', "I am climbing"; the poison oak (Rhus radicans). See number 126.

U`lûñ'yi--"Tuber place," from U`li', a variety of edible tuber, and yi, locative. A former settlement upon Turniptown (for U`lûñ'yi) creek, above Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Georgia.

Unacala--see Une'gadihi'.

U'nadanti'yi--"Place where they conjured," the name of a gap about three miles east of Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina, and now transferred to the town itself. See number 122.

unade'na--woolly, downy (in speaking of animals); uwa'nû, wool, down, fine fur (detached from the animal).

u'nahu'--see unahwi'.

unahwi'--heart; in Middle and Lower dialects, unahu'. See page 187.

Unaka--see une'ga and Unicoi.

unatlûñwe'hitû--"it has spirals"; a plant (unidentified) used in conjurations. See number 126.

une'ga--white.

une'guhi--"he is (was) mischievous or bad"; tsûne'guhi'yu, "you are very mischievous" (said to a child). See number 118.

une'gutsatû'--"(he is) mischievous"; a'gine'gutsatû', "I am mischievous."

Une`lanûñ'hi--"The Apportioner"; "I am apportioning," gane`laskû'; "I apportion" (habitually), gane`laski. In the sacred formulas a title of the Sun god; in the Bible the name of God.

une'stalûñ--ice.

Unicoi--the map name of the old Unicoi turnpike (see page 87), of a gap on the watershed between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee rivers, in Georgia, and of a county in eastern Tennessee. Probably a corruption of une'ga, white, whence comes also Unaka, the present map name of a part of the Great Smoky range.

uni'gisti--foods; singular, agi'sti.

Uniga'yata`ti'yi--"Where they made a fish trap," from uga'yatûñ'i, fish trap, and yi, locative; a place on Tuckasegee river, at the mouth of Deep creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 100 and notes.

Uni'haluna--see Ahalu'na.

Unika'wi--the "Townhouse dance," so called because danced inside the townhouse; the name does not refer to a townhouse (gati'yi) and can not be analyzed, but may have some connection with the archaic word for deer. Cf. Ani'-Kawi'.

Une'ga-dihi'--"White-man-killer"; from une'ga, "white," for yûñ'wune'ga, "white person," and dihi', a noun suffix denoting "killer" ("he kills them" habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name appears in documents about 1790 as White-man-killer, or, by misprint Unacala. It is an old masculine name, existing until recently upon the reservation. Cf. Ta'gwadihi'.

u'niskwetu`gi--"they wear a hat"; ûlskwe'tawa', hat, from uska', head. The may-apple (Podophyllum). See number 126.

unistilûñ'isti--"they stick on along their whole length"; the generic name for "stickers" and burs, including the Spanish needle, cockle bur, jimson weed, etc. See number 126.

uni'tsi--her mother; agitsi', my mother.

Uniyâ'hitûñ'yi--"Where they shot it," from tsiyâ'ihû, "I shoot," and yi, locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. See number 100.

Untoola--see Dihyûñ'dula'.

Unta'kiyasti'yi--"Where they race," from takiya'ta, a race, and yi, locative; locally corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French Broad river, around Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The town itself is known to the Cherokee as Kâsdu'yi, "Ashes place," (from kâsdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a translation of its proper name. See number 122.

Untlasgâsti'yi--"Where they scratched"; a place at the head of Hyatt creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. For tradition see number 122.

Untoola--see Dihyûñ'dula'.

unûñ'ti--milk.

usdi'gâ (abbreviated usdi'), small; plural tsunsdi'ga, tsunsdi'.

usga'se`ti'yu--very dangerous, very terrible; intensive of usga'se`ti.

Uskwale'na--"Big-head," from uska', head; a masculine name, perhaps the original of the "Bull-head," given by Haywood as the name of a former noted Cherokee warrior.

Uskwâ'li-gû'ta--"His stomach hangs down," from uskwâ'li, his stomach, and gû'ta, "it hangs down." A prominent chief of the Revolutionary period, known to the whites as Hanging-maw.

U`stana'li (from u`stanalâ'hi or uni'stana'la (a plural form), denoting a natural barrier of rocks (plural) across a stream)--a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled Eastinaulee, Eastanora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula, Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc. One settlement of this name was on Keowee river, below the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another seems to have been somewhere on the waters of Tuckasegee river, in western North Carolina; a third, prominent during and after the Revolutionary period, was just above the junction of Coosawatee and Conasauga rivers to form the Oostanaula, in Gordon county, Georgia, and adjoining New Echota (see Gansâ'gi). Other settlements of the same name may have been on Eastanollee creek of Tugaloo river, in Franklin county, Georgia, and on Eastaunaula creek, flowing into Hiwassee river, in McMinn county, Tennessee. Cf. Tsu`stanalûñ'yi, under Dagunâ'hi.

u'stûti--see utsu`gi.

Ustû'tli--a traditional dangerous serpent. The name signifies having something on the calf of the leg or on the heel, from ustûtûñ'i, (his) calf of the leg (attached). It is applied also to the southern hoop-snake (Abastor erythrogrammus). See number 54.

Usûñhi'yi--the "Darkening land," where it is always getting dark, as at twilight. The name used for the west in the myths and sacred formulas; the common word is wude'ligûñ'yi, "there where it (the sun) goes down." In number 63 the word used is wusûhihûñ'yi, "there where they stay over night." See also Tsûsginâ'i.

u'tanû--great, fully developed. Cf. e'gwa.

utawâ'hilû--"hand-breadth," from uwâ'yi, hand. A figurative term used in the myths and sacred formulas.

U'tawagûn'ta--"Bald place." A high bald peak of the Great Smoky range on the Tennessee-North Carolina line, northeastward from Big Pigeon river. See number 51.

Ûñ'tiguhi'--"Pot in the water," from ûñti'ya, or ûñti', pot, and guhi', "it is in the water" (or other liquid--habitually). The Suck, a dangerous rapid in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight miles below Chattanooga, Tennessee. See number 63 and notes.

U`tlûñ'ta--"He (or she) has it sharp," i. e., has some sharp part or organ; it might be used of a tooth, finger-nail, or some other attached portion of the body, but in the story is understood to refer to the awl-like finger. Ten Kate spells it Uilata. A mythic half-human monster. See number 66 and notes.

U`tlûñtûñ'yi--"U`tlûñ'ta place;" see U`tlûñ'ta. A place on little Tennessee river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tennessee. See number 66 and notes and number 124.

U'tsala--"Lichen"; another form of utsale'ta. A Cherokee chief of the Removal period. See page 157.

utsale'ta--lichen, literally "pot scrapings," from a fancied resemblance.

Ûñtsaiyi' (also Etsaiyi' or Tsaiyi', the first syllable being almost silent)--"Brass." A mythic gambler. See number 63 and notes. The present rendering, "brass," is probably a modern application of the old myth name, and is based upon the resemblance of the sound to that produced by striking a sheet of metal.

utsa'nati'--rattlesnake; the name is of doubtful etymology, but is said to refer to the rattle.

Utsa'nati'yi--"Rattlesnake place." Rattlesnake springs, about two miles south from Charleston, Bradley county, Tennessee. See page 132.

utset'sti--"he grins" (habitually). See si'kwa utset'sti.

utsi'--her (his) mother; etsi', agitsi', my mother.

Utsi'dsata'--"Corn-tassel," "Thistle-head," etc. It is used as a masculine name and was probably the Cherokee name of the chief known during the Revolutionary period as "Old Tassel."

utsu'`gi--the tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor); also called u'stûti, "topknot, or tip." on account of its crest. See numbers 35 and 66.

û'tsûti'--fish. Cf. u'tsûti, many.

ûñwadâ'li--store-house, provision house. See number 3 and notes.

Uñ'wadâ-tsu`gilasûñ'--"Where the storehouse (ûñwâdâ'li) was taken off." Either Black rock or Jones knob, northeast of Webster, on the east line of Jackson county, in North Carolina. See number 122.

Uwagâ'hi (commonly written Ocoee)--"Apricot place," from uwa'ga, the "apricot vine," or "maypop," (Passiflora incarnata), and hi, locative. A former important settlement on Ocoee river, near its junction with Hiwassee, about the present Benton, in Polk county, Tennessee.

uwâ'yi--hand, paw; generally used with the possessive suffix, as uwâye'ni, "his hand."

uwe'la--liver.

uwe'nahi--rich; used also as a personal name as the equivalent of Richard. Cf. Tsuwe'nahi.

Uw'tsûñ'ta,--"Bouncer" (habitual); from k`tsi, "it is bouncing." A traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm, to which also the name is applied. See number 55.

Uyâhye'--a high peak in the Great Smoky range, probably on the line between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier or Blount county, Tennessee. See number 75 and notes.

Uy'gilâ'gi--abbreviated from Tsuyu`gilâ'gi, "Where there are dams," i. e., beaver dams; from gu`gilû'ûñskû', "he is damming it." 1. A former settlement on Oothcaloga (Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river, near the present Calhoun, in Gordon county, Georgia; 2. Beaverdam creek, west of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia.

Valleytown--see Gû'nahitûñ'yi.

Vengeance creek--see Gansa`ti'yi.

Wachesa--see Watsi'su.

wadâñ'--thanks!

wâ'di--paint, especially red paint.

wâ'dige-askâ'li--"his head (is) brown," i. e., "brown-head," from wâdige'i, brown, brown-red, and askâ'li, possessive of uska', head; the copperhead snake.

Wadi'yahi--A feminine name of doubtful etymology. An expert basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who died in 1895. She was known to the whites as Mrs Bushyhead. See page 179.

Wafford--see Tsuskwanûñ'nawa'ta.