Chapter XV: The Twilight of the Gods (2)

NA-BO-NI'DES. Archæology fashionable in time of, 363
NABONIDOS. _See_ Nabonidus, 364
NA-BO-NI'DUS. The last of the Babylonian kings, 40, 110, 283;
displaced by Cyrus, 41;
cults of Merodach, Nabu, and Shamash, and, 377
NAB'O-POL-AS'SER. Reference to inscriptions of, 368;
father of Nebuchadrezzar, 369, 370;
Euphrates bridge, work of, 375;
god Merodach and, 377
NAB'U, 175;
Nusku and, connected, 225;
Merodach and, paired, 228;
Bel paired with, 228;
Ramman-Nirari and, 228;
called by Sargon 'the Seer who guides the gods,' 228;
Mercury and, 235;
tenth month sacred to, 237;
tower of, 375;
Nebuchadrezzar and, 377;
Nabonidus and, 377
NAB'U-BALIDDIN. Shamash's temple restored by, 249
NABU-QUA'TI-ZA'BAT. Assur-bani-pal and, 304
NAB'U-USA'BI, King. Crucified by Tiglath-pileser II, 300
NA-BÛ-ZÈR-LÎ-SHIR. Scribe, 363
NAM'TAR. The plague-demon, 129
NANÂ. Merged in conception of Ishtar, 124;
Assur-bani-pal and, 304
NAN'NAR. The moon-god of Ur, 145-149
NANN'AR-OS. Satrap of Babylon, 146-149
NANN'A-RU. The new moon, established by Merodach, 79
NA'RAM-SIN. Son of Sargon; title, 'King of the Four Zones,' 17, 19;
Nabonidus and, 41;
bricks discovered with name of, on, 47;
'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,' 247;
omens and, 283;
'mould' of an inscribed stone belonging to Sargon I in palace of, 363
NE'BO. Hymn to, 69;
son of Bel, 102;
shrine sacred to, 102;
Tashnit, wife of, 102, 185, 186;
association with Merodach, 184-186;
chief seat, Borsippa, 184, 326;
as grain-god, 186;
the altars of Yahveh dragged from, 190;
temple of, 306, 346, 348
NEB'ROD. _See_ Nimrod
NE-BICH-AD-REZ'ZAR I. Ramman and, 219
NEBUCHADREZZAR II (or NEBUCHADNEZZAR). King of Babylonia, reign of, 36-40;
invades Egypt, 37;
wars against Jerusalem, 37;
puts Jehoiakim to death, 37;
sets up Zedekiah as King of Jerusalem, 37;
Daniel and, 37-40;
his dreams, 37-40;
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and, 38;
ruins of palace of, explored in 1899, 47;
Sir H. C. Rawlinson's discovery _re_, 104;
Shamash's temple restored by, 249;
Dr Andrae's discovery _re_, 356;
Merodach and, 377
NEBUCHADREZZAR III. King of Babylonia, 41
NEM'ART. _See_ Nimrod
NER'GAL. Temple of, at Cuthah, 82, 296;
of Cuthah, 94;
patron god of Cuthah, 105;
not unlike Loki, 106;
Dibarra, variant of, 106;
Aralu and, 150, 151;
shade of Eabani, and, 180;
Mars and, 235;
Canaanitish war-god, 326;
worshipped by Phœnicians, 328
NEW YEAR. Assembly of gods at Babylon on first day of, 201;
Merodach and, 201;
Bau and, 251;
Gudea and, 251
NI-BI'RU, Merodach's star, 79
NIM'ROD. The mighty hunter, 49-56;
son of Chus, the Æthiop, 49;
a reputed descendant of Ham, 49;
figures in Biblical and Babylonian tradition, 49;
built Babylon, 50;
Greek named Nebrod or Nebros, 50;
identified with Merodach, Gilgamesh, and Orion, 50;
name found in Egyptian documents of XXII Dynasty as 'Nemart,' 50;
derivation of name may mean 'rebel,' 50;
legends of, related by Philo in his _De Gigantibus_, 50;
Abram and, 51-56;
King of Chaldea, 52;
suggested identity with Gilgamesh, 156
NIM'RÛD. Sir Henry Layard's excavations at, 340, 342-344;
Rassam's searches at, 344;
George Smith's searches at, 348-354
NIN-A-GAL. Variant of Ea, 116
NIN'EV-EH. Built by Sennacherib, 31;
Assur-bani-pal's library at, 35, 71, 154, 346;
archæological researches of Layard and Botta at, 46;
George Smith's labours at, 46;
Mr Hormuzd Rassam's work at, 47;
built by Asshur, 49;
tablet written for temple of Nergal discovered at, 82;
residence of Asshur, 207;
Ishtar's shrine in, 212;
M. Botta and site of, 339, 340;
Layard and, 344;
plan of, 357
NIN-GIR'SU. Name means 'Lord of Girsu,' 144;
known as Shulgur ('Lord of the corn heaps'), 144;
identified with Tammuz, 144;
variant, Ninib, 214, 216;
favourite of Gudea, 251;
temple of, 283
NIN'IB, 84, 175;
a war-god, 214;
variant of, Nin-girsu, 214, 216;
Tiglath-pileser I, Assur-rishishi, Assur-nazir-pal, and, 214;
as hunter-god, 216;
extolled by Tiglath-pileser I, 216;
invoked by Assur-nazir-pal, 216;
Gula, consort of, 216;
Saturn and, 235;
translated as En-Mashti by Canaanites, 326
NIN-IGI-NAG'IR-SIR. Saved with Ea, etc., from deluge, 115
NIN-LIL. Variant of Beltis, 101;
consort of En-lil; Ishtar and, 124
NIN'NI. Variant of Innana, 187
NIN'SUM. Gilgamesh resorts to, 180
NI'NUS. King of Assyria, 25;
Semiramis, wife of, 25;
Ninyas, son of, 26
NIN'YAS. Son of Ninus; during minority of, Semiramis assumed
the regency, 26
NIPPUR. Babylonian civilization grouped round, 14;
god En-lil and, 14;
city of Ur colonized by, 15;
Mr Haynes' excavations at, 47, 359, 360, 365, 366;
temple of, 82;
cosmological tales at, 84;
of Sumerian origin, 96;
preferred to Babylon, 196;
lamentation ritual at, 199, 200;
temple of E-Kur at, 248;
business quarter of, unearthed, 359, 360;
stage-tower of, 361;
temple-tower of, 362
NIR'IG. God; variant, Enu-Restu; Bel, father of, 153
NIZ'AN. First month; sacred to Anu and Bel, 236
NO'AH. Patriarch, reference to, 45;
legend of deluge and Ea, 115;
variant, Ut-Napishtim, 116
NO-RETURN. Land of, 128
NU-DIM-MUD. Variant of name of Ea, 73;
Tiawath and, 76
NUMBERS. Assigned to each of the gods, 237, 238
NUS'KU. The messenger of Mul-lil, 68;
hymn to, 69;
temple of, 102;
of the 'Brilliant Sceptre,' 224, 225;
Nabu and, connected, 225;
eclipses and, 255

O

O-AN'NES. _See_ Ea, 14 OBELISK. Of Shalmaneser II, 343 O-DA'CON. Appears from sea of Eruthra, 112 OMEN-S. Library of Sargon contained book dealing with, 18; divination by, 281, 282 O-MOR'CA. Chaldaic equivalent, Thalath; Greek, _thalassa_, 114 ON'NES. One of Ninus' generals, husband of Semiramis, 25 OPPERT. French exploration expedition and, 347 O-RI'ON. Nimrod identified with, 50 O-SI'RIS. Isis and, reference to, 133; reference to, 201, 228 'O-ZY-MAN'DI-AS.' Shelley's sonnet on, 307

P

PAINTINGS. Discovered in Sennacherib's palace at Kouyunjik, 345 PALACE-S. Built at Nineveh by Sargon; M. Botta unearths, 340; Assyrian, two discovered at Nimrûd, 340; built by Esar-haddon, unearthed by Layard, 343; of Sennacherib, found by Layard, 345; Assur-bani-pal's, discovered by Rawlinson, 346; of Nimrûd, George Smith's excavations in, 348, 349; Nebuchadrezzar's, excavated, 369-371 PALESTINE. Syria and, invaded by Sargon, 17; worship of Hadad in, 188; the Canaanites first dwellers in, 324 PALL'AS A-THÊ-NÉ. Reference to, 222, 315 PAN'THE-ON, ASSUR-BANI-PAL'S. Belit and Asshur in, 228 PANTHEON OF ASSYRIA, 203-230; differences between the Babylonian and, 203, 204; Dagon in, associated with Anu, 216, 217; Bel-Merodach absorbed in the, 225; Ea in the, 229; Dibbarra, in the, 229 PANTHEON OF BABYLONIA. 1. Early. Prior to Khammurabi, 94, 95. 2. Later. General changes in and additions to, 184-198; Bel's place usurped in the, by Merodach, 227; spiritistic nature of, 318 PAP-SUK'AL. The messenger of the gods, 130 PARADISE. The Abyss and, 82 PAR'SÎS. Of Bombay, 334 PAR-SON'DES. Ctesias' tale _re_, 146-149 PAT-E'CHUS. God; a repulsive monster, 330 PATRIARCH, THE. _See_ Abram PER-SEPH'O-NÉ or PROS'ER-PINE. Reference to, 132, 201; corresponds to Allatu, 132 PER-SE'POLIS. Reference to, 61; language found at, deciphered by Löwenstern and Hinks, 65; Longpérier translated language found at, 66 PER'SE-US. Reference to, 87 PERSIAN-S. Signs in connexion with cuneiform writing, 60-66; religion of (Zoroaster's), 332-336, etc.; fear of defilement, 335 PETERS, DR. Director of American expeditions, 358, 359, 364, 365 PHIL-IS'T'I-A. Sargon's expedition against, 210, 211 PHŒ-NIC'I-A. Worship of Moloch in, 328 PHŒNICIAN-S. The Gods of the, 326-329; religion; Egyptian influence, 328 PICTURE-WRITING. Cuneiform and, 66. _See_ Writing PIR-Æ'US. Port of Athens, 328 PIS'CES, SIGN OF. Eabani and, 183 PLACE, VICTOR. Botta's work at Khorsabad, continued by, 340 PLANET-S. Identified with gods, 235 PLUTARCH. Isis (Astarte) and, 328 PLU'TO. Reference to, 133 POETRY. Assyrian, 321, 322 POLGARTH. Phœnician word 'city' and, 331 POL-Y-HIS'TOR, ALEXANDER. God Ea and, 112, 113 POLYTHEISM. Semitic, 313 _Pop'ol Vuh_. Reference to, 97, 151 POS-EI'DON. Greek god, 315 PRAYER-S. To the sun-god, etc., 67, 68 PRIEST-S. Akkadian tongue preserved by Babylonian, 14; those of Lagash became kings, 16; high, of Asshur, took title of king, 21, 208; sole mythographers, 191; -hood, cult and temples, 239-241; wizards and, 260; -magician; the chamber of the, 270-275; liver-reading by, 282; of Thebes, Memphis, and On, 314; of Nippur and Erech, 314 PRIESTESSES. In Babylonia, 240, 241 PRIEST-HOOD. _See_ Priests PRISONER-GODS. Assyrian rulers and, 225, 226 PRO-ME'THE-US. Lugalbanda and, 93; Zu and, 195 PSALMS, BOOK OF THE. National, not individual, 320; Poetical form of, 322 PU'NIC. Religion, 330 PURIFICATION, 270; by water, in connexion with Babylonian magic, 270 PÛRIM. Feast of, 140, 141

Q

QAL'AT SHER'QAT. Annals of Tiglath-pileser I discovered by Rawlinson, 346;
Dr Andrae's excavations at, 356

R

RA. Worship of, in Egypt, 223
RAB'BAT UM'MA. 'The Great Mother,' 330
RAB-I'SU. A lurking demon, 276, 277
RACES. Asia Minor peopled with diverse, 324
RACHEL. The stolen images and, 266-268
RACH'MET. Reference to, 61
RAM'MAN, 175; equivalent, Rimmon;
identified with Hadad or Adad, 187-189;
the Tablets of Destiny and, 195;
popularity and functions, 217-222;
weapons of, 218;
worship of, in days of Khammurabi and Nebuchadrezzar I, 219;
Assur-nazir-pal and, 219;
Attributes and signification, 218-222;
eleventh month sacred to, 237
RAM'MAN-NIR-A'RI I. The _Annunaki_ and _Igigi_ and, 90
RAM'MAN-NI-RA'RI III. Nabu exalted at expense of Asshur by, 228
RASH'NU. Mithra and, 337
RASS'AM, MR HOR'MUZD. Assur-bani-pal's library at Nineveh and, 35;
his archæological researches at Nineveh and at Abu-habba, 47;
stone tablet found at Sippard by, 292;
researches at Nimrûd, 342, 344. 346, 354. 355
RAWLINSON, MAJOR (SIR) HENRY. Cuneiform writing and, 64-66;
his discovery _re_ Nebuchadrezzar, 104;
Layard and, 342, 344, 345, 346
RED INDIANS. Titles of months and, 236
REINACH. Reference to, 334
RELIGION-S. Akkadian tongue used as a sacred language by Babylonian
priesthood, 14;
early Babylonian, 88-153;
Jewish, 88;
of ancient Mexico, 88;
Vedic, of India, 88;
Semitic influence on Babylonian, 91, 92;
official system of Babylonian and Assyrian, 92;
Semitic, Euphrates-Tigris influence on, 92;
totemism in Babylonian, 92;
system of, in Babylonia, overshadowed by Merodach, 199;
Jastrow's _Religion in Babylonia and Assyria_ quoted, 199, 212;
star-worship, the origin of, 237;
_of the Semites_ quoted, 91, 241, 332;
cult of the gods, 292;
comparative value of the, of Babylonia and Assyria, 313-336 and on;
Teutonic and Celtic, comparisons, 316;
Babylonian, typically animistic, 317, 318;
worship of great earth-mother, 318, 319;
Jewish, 319-329;
Canaanite, 324-326;
Carthaginian, 329;
Semitic, 329, 331;
Punic, 330;
Mohammedanism, 313, 332;
of the Persians (Zoroaster), 332-337;
of Babylonians, 338;
decay of Babylonian, 378, 379
RESH'EPH. Known to the Canaanites, 326;
the lightning god; origin; identified with Apollo, 328
RHO-DA'NES. Romance of Sinonis and, 56-60
RIM'AT-BEL'IT. Mother of Gilgamesh, 158;
interprets Gilgamesh's dream, 164
RIM'MON. _See_ Rammon
RITUAL. Lamentation at Nippur, 199, 200;
of hepatoscopy, 283-288;
Zoroastrian fire worship central feature of, 335

S

SABBATIC GOAT. Witchcraft of Middle Ages and the, 293
SAB-I'TU. The sea-goddess; Gilgamesh and, 172;
sign Capricornus and, 183
SAC'A. One of the two eunuchs appointed to watch Rhodanes and Sinonis, 57
SAC-Æ'A. The Asiatic equivalent of the Saturnalia, 33;
Festival of Zakmuk, or, 141
SACRIFICE-S. Babylonian, 241, 242
SADI-RAB'U-MA-TA'TI. The great mountain of the earth, 305
SAG'GAL. Temple of Merodach, 305
SAK'ON. Carthaginian deity, 330
SAM-AS-SUM-YU'KIN. Viceroy of Babylonia, 34;
raises revolt in Assyrian empire, 34;
his death, 34
SAM'KHAT. Goddess of joy, 131
SAM-MUR'A-MUT. Assyrian title of Semiramis. _See_ Semiramis
SAM'SI-A'DAD IV. Rawlinson discovers stele of, 346
SAM'SI-RAM'MON. Son of Shalmaneser II;
succeeds his father as King of Assyria, 24;
Sammuramat favourite of, 24;
Asshur mentioned in inscription of, 208
SANCH-UN-I-A'THON. Philo and, preserved in works of Eusebius, 329
SAOSHYANT. The saviour, in Zoroaster's religion, 337
SAR-AG-AG'AM. Variants of Merodach, 202
SAR-A'KOS. Greek equivalent for Sin-sarkin, 36
SAR-DA-NA-PAL'US THE SPLENDID. Assur-bani-pal known to Greek legend as, 31;
King of Assyria, 31;
reference to, in _The Golden Bough_, 32;
Sir James Frazer on, 32, 34;
prominent features in legends of, 33;
weaving of legend of, 34
SAR'GON.
I. Of Akkad, founds first great Semitic empire in Babylonia, 16;
a Babylonian Arthur, 16, 21;
the legend of his birth, 16, 17;
invasions of Syria and Palestine, 17;
Elam and N. Mesopotamia overcome by, 17;
Naram-Sin son of, 17, 19;
letters franked by clay seals bearing name of Sargon, 18;
first founder of Babylonian library, 18;
bricks discovered with name of, on, 47;
Asshur's conquering power and, 210, 211;
King Azuri and, 210;
Ahimiti and, 210;
Yaran and, 210;
Sin and, 223;
Bel and, 227;
Nabu termed 'that Seer who guides the gods,' 228;
'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,' 247;
hepatoscopy and, 283;
palace built by, unearthed at Nineveh, 340;
George Smith finds fragments of history of, 352.
II. Usurping general, claimed descent from Sargon the Great, 30;
father of Sennacherib, 30
SAR'RA-PAN-U. Tiglath-pileser II captures, 299
SASS-AN'I-AN. Rulers, 333
SAT'URN. Identified with Ninib, 235
SAUL-MU-GI'NA. Rebellious brother of Assur-bani-pal, 304
SCHRADER. Assyrian poetry and, 321, 322
SCIENCE. Star-worship the origin of, 237;
the roots of, 259
SCILLY ISLANDS. Phœnicians in, 331
SCOR'PIO, SIGN OF. Gilgamesh and, 182
SCOTLAND. Goat-demon adored in, 293
SCULPTURE-S. Discovery of, glorifying Assur-nazir-pal, 343;
Babylonian, discovered by de Sarzec, 355
SCYTHIAN-S. Penetrate into Assyria, 36
SED'U. A guardian (sometimes an evil) spirit invoked with the Lamassu, 277
SEL-EU'CI-A. City, built out of ruins of Babylon, 42
SEM-IR'A-MIS THE GREAT. Assyrian Queen, 24-29;
legendary origin, 25;
wife of Onnes, and later of Ninus, 26;
Ninyas son of, 26;
engages in battle Strabrobates, King of India, 27;
fame of, 28, 29;
Sammuramat, her Assyrian title, 29;
wife of Samsi-Rammon, 29;
mythical connexion with Ishtar, 29;
worshipped by the Syrians, 27;
esteemed as the daughter of Dercatus, 27;
district round Lake Van called after, Shamiramagerd, 28
SEMITES. Germs of culture received from Akkadians by Babylonian, 13;
their love of wisdom, 14, 15;
Babylon entered by, 15, 16;
believed to have come from Arabia, 15, 16;
made by the code of Khammurabi, 21;
ancient, and gods, 89;
serpent loathed by, 289;
animistic influences;
appeal of, to, 318
SEMITIC. Empire, first great, founded in Babylonia by Sargon of Akkad, 16;
religious thought, 235;
worship and, lamentations, 253;
polytheism, 313;
conservatism, 316;
cults; Babylonian influence upon, 324;
religion, 329, 331;
peoples; a 'peculiar people,' 332;
faith, includes various manifestations, 332
SEN-NACH'E-RIB. Son of usurping general Sargon, 30;
campaign of, against Hezekiah, 30;
Nineveh built by, 30;
Esar-haddon son of, 31;
takes nucleus of Assur-bani-pal's library from Calah, 154;
soothsayers and his death, 260;
Layard's discoveries in palace of, 345
SERPENT. The ancients and the, 289;
equivalent, Aibu ('the enemy'), 289
SET. Osiris and, reference to, 133
SET-A'PO. A wealthy Babylonian who harbours Sinonis, 59
'SEVEN SPHERES, THE STAGES OF.' A building, the wonder of Borsippa, 104
SEVEN TABLETS. Of creation; primary object of, 71
SHAD'RACH. One of Daniel's companions, 38
SHAL-MA-NE'SER I. King of Assyria, 22, 308;
Tukulti-in-Aristi, son of, 22;
Nusku and, 224;
inscription of, unearthed by George Smith, 351
SHAL-MA-NE'SER II. King of Assyria in succession
to Assur-nazir-pal III, 24;
Overthrows Ahab, King of Israel, 24;
Samsi-Rammon son of, 24;
the god Dáda and, 189;
Merodach (Bel) and, 225, 227;
discovery of obelisk of, 343;
dedications of, unearthed, 351
SHAL-MA-NE'SER IV. Successor of Tiglath-pileser III, 30
SHAM'ASH.
1. Temple of, at Sippar, restored by Nabonidus, 41;
adored at Sippar, 94;
the sun-god, 109-111;
son of Sin, 109;
Aa, consort of, 110;
Ishtar and, 130;
Gilgamesh and, 156, 165;
Khammurabi and, 187;
Zu captured by, 195;
Merodach and, 200;
cult of, in Assyria, 222, 223;
seventh month sacred to, 236;
a Canaanitish god, 325;
Nabonidus and, 377.
2. The great idol of, 249
SHAR'RU-ILU. One of the lesser Babylonian gods, 229
SHATT-EN-NÎL. Excavations along bank of, by Haynes, 365
SHE'BA, QUEEN OF. Tiglath-pileser II quarrels with, 301
SHEPHERD. The sun the, of the stars, 236;
En-lil, of the dark-headed people, 254
SHEPHERD KING, THE. Daon, of Pantibiblon, 112
SHI'NAR, PLAIN OF. Babylon built on, 52
SHUL-GUR. Variant of Nin-Girsu, 144
SHU-RIPP'AK.
1. Son of Ubara-Tutu, 173.
2. City of, 177, 178
SHU'TU. Variant of South Wind, 117
SI'BI. The god, 108
SICILY. Worship of Ashtart (Ishtar) at, 327
SID'DA. The temple, 306
SI'DON. Tyre and, in touch with Assyria, 327;
Ashtart or Ishtar, temple of, in, 327;
Eshmun worshipped at, 328
SIGN-S. Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Taurus, Scorpio, 182;
Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, 183
SILENCE, TOWERS OF. Parsis' dead and the, 336
SIN (perhaps pron. _Siñ_). The moon-god, 94, 223, 224;
Ruled at Ur, 94;
Shamash son of, 109;
Ishtar daughter of, 128;
Gilgamesh delivered by, 170;
Gilgamesh resorts to, 180;
eclipses and god, 256;
a Canaanitish god, 325
SIN-A-IT'IC PENINSULA. Semitic religion in, 331
SI-NO'NIS. Romance of Garmus and, 56-60
SIN-SAR-IS'KIN. Last King of Assyria, 36;
the Sarakos of the Greeks, 36
SIN-SHAR-ISH'KUN. The last representative of the Assyrian dynasty, 364
SIP'PAR. Shamash worshipped at, 109;
Aa worshipped at, 110;
Abu-Habbah, the ancient site of, 177;
Berossus substitutes, for Shurippak, 178;
Khammurabi's improvements at, 187;
Shamash's temple at, 249
SIP'PA-RA. Temple of sun-god, Mr Rassam discovers, 47, 292
SIS-U'THRUS. The Flood Myth and, 45
SI'WAN. Month sacred to Sin, 236
SMITH, GEORGE. Reference to archæological labours, 46, 155, 347-354;
discovery of, _re_ Bel, 101;
discovery of, _re_ Tiglath-pileser II, 299;
Babylonian and Assyrian poetry and, 322
SMYR'NA. Mother of Adonis, reference to, 127
SOUL. Supposed to reside in the liver, 281
SPAIN. Mohammedanism in, 332
SPEAKING HEAD, THE. Laban and, 267
SPIRIT-S. Assyrian, 277, 278
SOKK-A'ROS. First king to reign in Babylonia after the deluge, 157;
Ælian the grandson of, 157
SOOTHSAYERS. Sennacherib and, 260
SOR-ACCH'US. Magistrate, who sends Sinonis to Babylon, 58
SORCERERS. Chaldean, and the magic circle, 275, 276
SRA-O'SHA. Soul carried by, to the beyond, 336, 337
STAR-S. Formed by Belus, 115;
Babylonian worship of, 231-238;
ideograph the same for 'god' and, 234;
the sun the shepherd of the, 236;
Anu the Pole, 236;
Bel the Pole (equator), 236;
Ea and star in constellation Argo, 236;
-gazers of Chaldea, 258
ST IL'YA. Tammuz compared with, 127
STONE. The Moabite, 190;
examined by Professors Socin and Smend, 190
STRA-BRO-BA'TES. King of India;
Semiramis makes war on, 26, 27
'SU-ME'RI-AN.' Modern equivalent for the old expression 'Akkadian,' 15
SUN. Merodach's ideograph is the, 202;
known as the 'Way of Anu,' 234;
the 'Bull of Light,' 290
SUN-GOD. _See_ Gods.
SUPERSTITION-S. In Chaldea, 280, 281
SU'SA. Monument of Naram-Sin unearthed by de Morgan at, 17;
copy of Khammurabi's code found at, by J. de Morgan, 21
SUS'I-AN. Language; alternative, Median, 65
SUS'IN-AY. Idol of, 304
SYRIA. Palestine and, invaded by Sargon, 17;
worship of Hadad in, 188;
the Canaanites first dwellers in, 324
SYSTEM-S. Official, of religion in Babylonia and Assyria, 92;
of religion in Babylonia, 199;
religious, of ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Yucatan;
reference to, 204;
Hellenic and Roman, 235;
religions--Judaism, Christianity, Mohammedanism, 313;
of religious races in Asia Minor, 324;
Zarathustra's moral, 334

T

'TABLET HILL.' Haynes' discoveries at, 360;
the temple library in, 363;
King Nabonidos' (Nabonidus) vase found at, 364
TABLETS. Twelve, of the Gilgamesh epic, 155, 158, 159;
detailed examination of, 161-180;
of Destiny, 193-195;
cuneiform, dealing with magic, 261, 262;
Surpu and Maklu, series of, 262;
the deluge, discovered by Smith, 347, 351, 352;
discovered by Rassam, 354;
of Nabopolasser, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabonidus, Cyrus, Cambyses, and
Darius, 358
TAB'OO. Prayers, etc., against, 262;
belief in, in Chaldea, 278;
known in Babylonia as _mamit_, 278
TAM'MUZ. One of the guardians of the gates of heaven, 118;
Ishtar's search for, 126;
myth of, 126-129;
name derived from Dumu-zi, 126;
Professor Sayce and, 126;
addressed as 'shepherd and lord' in Akkadian hymn, 126;
Ishtar, consort of, 127;
Adonis myth related to that of, 131;
Sir James Frazer's _Golden Bough_ and, 134;
lamentations for, 135, 136, 140;
a god of vegetation, 137, 138;
Nin-Girsu (Shulgur) identified with, 144;
the bridegroom of Ishtar's youth, 167;
Dido and, 190;
Ninib and, 216
TAM'MUZ-A-DO'NIS. Worshipped in Carthage, 330
TAM'TU. Assyrian term signifying 'the deep sea,' 72
TA'NIT. Goddess of the heavens and the moon;
compared with Demeter, 330;
inscriptions to, 330;
identified with Dido, 331
TA'NITH. Goddess, honoured at Carthage, 328
TASH'MIT. Nebo's consort, 102, 185, 186;
patron of writing, 185
TAU'RUS, SIGN OF. Represented by the slaying of the celestial bull,
Alu, 182
TELL AM'RAN. Mound of, 374
TEL-LÔ. Ernest de Sarzec's researches at, 355, 356
TEMPLE-S. Of Bel, 101-105, 227;
of Nebo and Tashmit, 102;
of Ea and Nusku, 102;
of Bel and Anu, 102;
of Belus, reference to, 103;
of Ea, 111;
of Belus, reference to, 114;
of Dagon, at Ashdod and Gaza, 151;
of Merodach, at Babylon, 185, 374;
of Asshur, 207;
of Sin, at Calah, 223;
priesthood, cult and, 239-241;
of Babylonia and Assyria, 242-251;
oldest, in Babylonia, was E-Kur, 248;
as banks, 250;
begun by Esar-haddon, 305;
Saggal, of Merodach, 305;
Sidda, 306;
of Ashtart or Ishtar, at Sidon and Askelon, 327;
to Apollo, 330;
Zoroastrian, 335;
of Nebo, 348;
of Babylon, 373-375
TE'RAH. Father of Abraham, 51, 52
TESTAMENT, OLD. Nergal mentioned in, 105;
Dagon in, 151, 152;
David of the, 190;
poetical form of, 322
TEUTONIC. Celtic religion and, compared, 316, 317
TEXTS, CUNEIFORM. _See_ Cuneiform
TEXTS, MAGICAL. Dawkina alluded to in, 197;
Anu mentioned in, 197, 198;
a series known as 'Maklu,' 261, 262
TEZ-CAT-LI-PO'CA. Reference to, 222
THAL-ATH. Chaldaic equivalent for Omorca, 114
THEIAS, KING. Reference to, 132
_T'hom_ or 'DEEP.' Tiawath a parallel to the Old Testament expression, 72
THOMES. French exploration expedition and, 347
THOTH. Reference to, 185, 222, 224, 228
THUNDER-BIRD. North-American Indian conception, 193
THUNDER-GOD. Hadada, 188, 189
TI'A-MAT. Variant of Tiawath, 71
TI'AWATH. Variant, Tiamat, 71;
a parallel to Old Testament expression _T'hom_ (or 'deep'), 72, 73;
her ill-will toward the gods of heaven, 76-78;
her death by Merodach, 78, 199;
the 'fish' of Jonah and, 87;
chaos, 193;
slaughter of, enacted, 201;
the host of, 232;
not the only Babylonian monster, 289
TIG'LATH-PIL-E'SER I. Alternative, Tukulit-pal-E-saria,
King of Assyria, 23;
god Bel (En-lil) and, 95;
Ishtar and, 212;
Ninib and, 214, 216;
Shamash and, 222;
Merodach and, 227;
Rawlinson discovers annals of, 346
TIG'LATH-PIL-E'SER II. Tales of, 299-301
TIG'LATH-PIL-E'SER III. Second Assyrian Empire commenced with, 29;
conquers Babylon and is invested with the sovereignty of 'Asia,' 36
TIGRIS. The river, 206, 342
TOL'TECS. Reference to Aztecs, and, 226, 227
TONGUES. Babylonian towers and legend of confusion of, 47;
legend of confusion of, found in Central America, 48;
among African tribes some such myth found, 49;
certain Australian and Mongolian peoples possess a similar tradition, 49
TOOTHACHE MYTH, A, 262
TOTEMISM. Signs of, in Babylonian religion, 92
TOWER OF BABEL. Legend of confusion of tongues and, 47. _See_ Babel
TREE-S. Adonis and myrrh-, 137;
Osiris and tamarisk-, 137;
Attis and pine-, 137, 138;
Tammuz and cedar, 138
TRIAD. _See_ Trinity
TRIBAL DIVINITIES. The most outstanding, 94
TRINITY, A. Tiawath, Apsu, and Mummu, 74;
Bel, Ea, and Anu, 97, 111, 191, 196-198;
En-lil, Ea, and Anu, 121;
of earth, air, and sea, 197;
Ramman, Sin, and Shamash, 219;
Ea, Anu, and Enlil evolved from demons, 268
TSAI'DU. The hunter; Gilgamesh, Eabani, and, 163-166
TSA'PHON. Carthaginian deity, 330
TUK-UL'TI-IN-AR-IS'TI. Son of Shalmaneser I; takes Babylon
and slays its king, Bitilyasu, 22
TUK-UL'TI-NIN'IP. Son of Shalmaneser I;
inscriptions of, 351
TYRE. Sidon and, in touch with Assyria, 327

U

U-BA'RA-TU-TU. Shurippak son of, 173 UB'SHU-KEN'NA (or Upshukkina-ku). The 'brilliant chamber' where the sun takes his rise, 252, 253 UK'HUT. Eabani and, 129, 163; one of the sacred women of the temple of Ishtar, 163 UKK'U-MU (Seizer). Attendant hound of Merodach, 202 UNDERWORLD, THE, 125, 128-132, 136; Eabani descends into, 160; description of, in VIIth of Gilgamesh tablets, 169 UR. City from whence Abram came, a near neighbour of Eridu, colonized by Nippur, 15; fall of the dynasty, 20; Nannar, the moon-god, of, 145-149; the moon-city, 249, 251 U'ra. The legend of, 268-270 UR-A-GAL, 175 UR'BAU. Bau alluded to in inscriptions of, 144; Zikkurat built by, at Nippur, 248 UR'GA. A town in Mesopotamia; equivalents, Caramit and Diarbekr, 52 UR-GUR. King of Assyria, 359, 366 UR-NIN'IB. Reference to pavement of, 366 U'ru. Canaanitish god of light; name found in Uru-Salim, 325 URU-AZ-AG'GA. Bau's temple at, 145 UR'UK. Place, 84 URU-KAG-I'NA. Bau alluded to in inscriptions of, 144 UT-NAP-ISH'TIM. Variant of Noah, 116, 160; hero of Babylonian deluge myth, figures in Gilgamesh epic, 155, 158, 160; Gilgamesh's ancestor, 170-173; Gilgamesh seeks secret of perpetual life from, 173-178; the deluge myth and, 173-178 UT-UKKU. Ghost of Eabani designated, 181; an evil spirit, 276 UZ. God; worshipped under form of a goat, 93, 292 UZZ'I-EL, JONATHAN, BEN. The targum of, 267

V

VAMPIRES. Babylonian, 264-266
VAN. Lake, 331
VASH'TI. Reference to, 142;
Frazer on, 143
VED'IC GODS. Reference to, 77
VEGETATION. En-lil (Bel), a god of, 96;
Ishtar, 'great mother' of, 123, 137, 138, 168;
seven gates of Aralu and the decay of, 137;
Tammuz, a god of, 137, 138, 140;
Adonis and Aphrodite connected with, 139;
Ceres, a corn-mother, 139;
Proserpine, same nature, 139;
Osiris introduced corn into Egypt, 139;
Mordecai as god of, 144;
Humman an Elamite god of, 144
VE'NUS. Star;
Abram and, 55;
temple of, 58;
Ishtar and, 124, 235
VIR'GO, SIGN OF. Ishtar and the, 182

W

WAR. Ishtar, goddess of, 127, 213, 214;
-god, Ninib a, 214;
-god, Ramman a, 221
WAR-KÂ. Work of Loftus at, 346, 347
WATER. Purification by, 270
WATERS OF DEATH. Gilgamesh crosses, 158, 159
WESTERGAARD. Median language and, 65
WIND, SOUTH. Adapa and the, story of, 116-121;
variant, Shutu, 117
WINDOWS. None in Nebuchadrezzar's palace at Babylon, 369
WITCH. Known as _Kassaptu_, 261;
-finding, 272-275;
-orgies in France, 293
WIZARDS. Priestly, 260-262;
known as _Kassapu_, 261
WORD OF POWER, THE. The magicians of Chaldea and, 263
WORSHIP. Of gods by gods, 77;
of gods under animal forms, 92, 93;
of Bel, 98-101;
of Shamash, 109;
of Aa, 110;
of Ishtar, 124;
of Dagon, 151;
of Merodach, 184, 185;
of Nebo, 184, 185;
of Hadad, in Syria, 188;
of the Sun-god in Canaan and Phœnicia, 190;
of Dodo or Dod, by the side of Yahveh, 190;
of Ramman, 219, 220;
of Aztecs and Toltecs, 226, 227;
of stars, Babylonian, 231-238;
lunar, 236;
moon-, 249;
Semitic, and lamentations, 253;
of the gazelle and goat, 292-294;
of great earth-mother, 318, 319;
of ancestors; Canaanites, 326;
of Moloch, 328;
Carthaginian, 329-332;
Zoroastrian, 332-336;
of fire, 335, etc.
WRITING, CUNEIFORM. Restoration of, 60-67;
Josaphat Barbara and, 61;
Pietro della Valle and, 61;
Sir John Chardin and, 61;
Niebuhr and, 61;
Tychsen and, 61;
Münter and, 61;
Georg Grotefend, and, 62;
Professor Lassen and, 63;
Burnouf and, 63;
Major Henry Rawlinson and, 64-66;
Westergaard and, 65;
Morris and, 65;
Löwenstern and, 65;
Hinks and, 65;
Longpérier and, 66;
origin of, 66, 67;
on obelisk of Shalmaneser II, 343
WRITING-S. Religions, of Babylonia, 67;
of Oannes, 113-116;
Nebo credited, like Ea, with the invention of, 185;
Tashmit patron of, 185;
stars, the, of heaven, 231;
Zarathustrian sacred, 334

X

XER'XES, KING. Reference to, 141;
Esther, the crown-name of Jewish wife of, 143

Y

YAH'WEH. The Hebrew name of God, 49; worship of, by the side of Dodo, by the Israelites, 190 YAR'AN. Sargon and, 210, 211 YEAR, NEW. _See_ New

Z

ZAB. The river, 207 ZAG-MU'KU (_Zak-muk_). Festival of Sacæa or, 141; goddess Bau and, 251 ZAK-MUK. _See_ Zag-muku. ZA'MAMA. Court of Ishtar and, 101 ZA-RA-THUS'TRA. _See_ Zoroaster ZAR-PA-NI'TUM. Goddess, wife of Merodach, 186, 202; Ealur amalgamated with, 186 ZECH-A-RI'AH. Allusion of, to Hadad-Rimmon, 189 ZED-EK-I'AH. King of Jerusalem; Nebuchadrezzar and, 37 ZEUS. Reference to, 132, 315 ZIG-A-RUN. Variant of Apsu, 72 ZIK-KU-RAT-S. Staged towers; described, 242, 246; of Assur-bani-pal, 365 ZI'RAT-BA'NIT. The seat of, 306 ZIS-U'THROS, KING. Berossus substitutes, for Ut-Napishtim, 177, 178 ZO'DIAC. Signs of the, in the Babylonian astrological system, 183, 231, 232; the goat, one of the signs of the, 292 ZOG-A'NES. The, of the Sacæa, 142 ZOR-O-AS'TER. The religion of, 332-; earliest form of name Zarathustra, 333; a Mede, 333; good and evil principles of religion of, 334 ZU. The storm-god; retained a bird-like form, 93, 193-195; legend of, 193-195 ZU-BIRD. The bird roc, in _Arabian Nights_, a possible descendant of, 193