Chapter M: DCC LXI (3)

On both sides, at the top.

A man and a woman smoaking, and a man and woman drinking, by David
Teniers.

Underneath, on each side.
Next the window.

Cephalus and Procris, by Adam Elsheimer.

Next to the chimney.

The will of Eudadimus the Corinthian, a sketch, by Nicholas Poussin.

Between the chimney and the wall.

The flight into Egypt, by Il Cavalier Giovanni Lanfrancho.

Under it, in the middle.

The portrait of Antonio Caracci, son of Augustino, by Annibal Caracci.

Under that.

A garland of flowers, painted on looking glass, by Old Baptiste.

On both sides at top.
Next the chimney.

A satyr squeezing grapes, with a tyger and leopard, by Rubens.

Next the wall.

Cupid shaving his bow, and two other little Cupids, by Parmegiano.

Under them.

Dutch boors in a fury against the Spaniards, by Pieter Bruegel, and a
barber surgeon’s shop, with a cat and monkies, by David Teniers.

Over against the windows.
In the middle.

St. Francis Xavier dying in an island on the coast of China, by Carlo
Maratti.

On both sides of it.

Two sea pieces, by William Vanderveld, jun.

Under them, in the middle.

The Virgin and Child, St. Joseph, St. Anne, and St. Catherine, by John
Abeyk, commonly called John of Bruges.

On both sides of it.

Four pieces of the history of Judith and Holofernes, by Paolo Veronese.

Under them, in the middle.

The martyrdom of the Innocents on copper, by Alessandro Turchi.

On both sides of it.

A small battle piece, by Bourgognone.

A march of soldiers, by the same.

Over the door to the dining room.

The portrait of Cosmus the 3_d._ Duke of Florence, when a child, by
Giustus Subtermans.

Over the two other doors.

Our Saviour breaking the bread, and blessing the cup, and St. Bruno
founder of the order of Carthusians, both of them by Carlo Dolce.

Between the two doors.

The marriage of Jacob, by Ciro Ferri.

Under it.

The Virgin and our Saviour in the clouds, and the several saints,
patrons of the city of Bologna, by Guido Reni.

Under that.

The nativity of our Saviour, by young Palma.

Over against the chimney.

A large landscape, with the baptism of Queen Candace’s eunuch by St.
Philip, by John Both.

Under it, in the middle.

The inside of a church, by Henry Stenwix, and the figures by Velvet
Brughell.

Under each corner of it.

Two little round pictures, one of them being the head of Mary Magdalen,
and the other that of our Saviour crown’d with thorns; both of them by
Francesco Albani.

Under them.

The shipwreck of St. Paul on the island of Malta, by Adam Elsheimer.

On each side of it.

Two small landscapes on copper, by John Brughell, commonly call’d the
Velvet Brughell.

On both sides of them.

The martyrdom of St. Laurence, by Titiano Vecelli, commonly called Il
Titiano; and St. Sebastian, and other saints, by Filippo Lauri.

Between the door and the window.

The education of Bacchus, by Simon Vouet.

Under it.

The Virgin and our Saviour, and several saints, by Ludovico Caracci.

Under that.

The judgment of Paris, by Giovanni Rottenhammer, the landscape by Paul
Brill.

Between the windows over the glass.

A portrait of a Dominican friar, by Giovanni Lanfrancho.

In the passage room, over the doors.

The portrait of Don Antonio de Leyva, General to Charles the Fifth, who
took Francis the First prisoner at the battle of Pavia. By Il Dosso di
Ferrara.

The portrait of Charles Lewis, the eldest Prince Palatine, by Vandyke.

The portrait of the Lady Anne Carre, Countess of Bedford, by the same.

Over the chimney.

Our Saviour carried before Pontius Pilate, in water colours, by Lucas of
Leyden.

In the bedchamber, over the door.

The portrait of a man in a ruff, by Rubens.

Over the chimney.

A large picture of a curtain, carpet, fruit, &c. by the Maltese, and
Mich. Angelo del Campidoglio.

In the closet.
Over the chimney.

A copy of Raphael’s picture of the Madonna della Seggiola in the palace
of Pitti, at Florence.

Under it.

A small flower piece on copper, by Velvet Brughell.

Over the little closet door.

The portrait of Sir Paul Methuen when a boy.

Over the door next the window.

The picture of a woman, &c. by Albert Durer.

Over the bedchamber door.

A man’s head, by Tintoretto, said to be that of the famous Andrea
Vesalio.

GROVE _street_, Hackney.

GRUB _street_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate. 2. Market street,
Westminster.

GRUB’S _rents_, Whitechapel.†

GUBBINS, or GOBIONS, near North Mims in Hertfordshire, had its name from
its ancient Lord Sir Richard Gobion. In the reign of Henry VII. it
belonged to the family of the Mores, when it was called More Hall; but
on the attainder of the great Sir Thomas More, Lord High Chancellor of
England, it was forfeited to the Crown, and settled on the Princess,
afterwards Queen Elizabeth, who held it till her death. It afterwards
came into the possession of several families, and was at length
purchased by the late Sir Jeremy Sambroke. The manor house and gardens
are very beautiful.

_Guild Hall._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]

GUILDHALL, at the north end of King street, Cheapside, is the hall for
holding the courts, and transacting the business of the city. The old
hall in Aldermanbury being fallen to decay, the present structure was
begun in the year 1411, upon a larger and more noble plan, and ten
years were employed in compleating it. The executors of the famous
Richard Whittington, long celebrated in song, gave a Purbeck pavement
to the hall, and glazed some of the windows, on every one of which
Whittington’s arms are placed; others of the Aldermen glazed different
windows, and had also their arms painted on the glass.

The hall being however much damaged by the fire of London in 1666, was
repaired and beautified two years after, at the expence of 2500_l._ in
so effectual a manner, that it has stood till this time.

The entrance has a stately Gothic frontispiece, with the King’s arms
under a cornice, pediment and vase; under which are niches; and in the
middle of the front are the following words done in gold:

_Reparata & ornate Thoma Rawlinson, Milit. Majore, An. Dom._ MDCCVI.

That is,

Repaired and adorned in the year 1706, during the Mayoralty of Thomas
Rawlinson.

Over the gate is a balcony, above which are placed in niches on each
side, the figures of Moses and Aaron; and in niches on each side of
the gate below, the four cardinal virtues; also under the balcony are
depicted the arms of twenty-four companies.

On entering this Gothic arch, you come into the hall, which is one
hundred and fifty-three feet long, forty-eight feet broad, and
fifty-five feet high. The roof is flat, and divided into panels; the
walls on the north and south sides are adorned with four Gothic
demi-pillars, painted white with blue veins, and gilt capitals, upon
which are the royal arms, and those of Edward the Confessor.

Nearly fronting the gate, are nine or ten steps, leading to the Lord
Mayor’s court, over which is a balcony supported at each end by four
iron pillars in the form of palm trees; by these is a small enclosure
on each side on the top of the steps, used on some occasions as
offices for clerks to write in, each being just sufficient to hold one
person. Under these are two prisons called Little Ease, from the
lowness of the ceiling, by which prisoners were obliged to sit on the
floor; these prisons are intended for city apprentices, who upon
complaint and a strict examination into the offence, were sometimes
committed thither by the Chamberlain, whose office is at the right
hand at the head of the steps. In the front of this balcony is a
clock, on the frame of which is carved the four cardinal virtues, with
the figure of Time, on the top, and a cock on each side of him. But
the most extraordinary figures are yet behind; these are two monstrous
giants which stand on the outside of the balcony close to the wall,
one on each side: they have black and bushy beards; one holds an
halbert, and the other a ball set round with spikes, hanging by a
chain to a long staff. These absurd ornaments, which Mr. Strype
supposes were designed to represent an ancient Briton and a Saxon, are
painted, as if to give them the greater appearance of life, and render
them more formidable to children.

Round the hall are hung up, the standards and colours taken from the
French, at the battle of Ramilies. At the east end are the King’s arms
between the pictures of his present Majesty King George II. and Queen
Caroline; close by the first is Queen Anne, and by the last his late
Majesty King George I. and at the same end of the hall, but on the
north and south sides, are the pictures of King William III. and Queen
Mary fronting each other. The hall is likewise adorned with the
portraits of eighteen Judges, put up by the city as a testimony of
public gratitude for their signal services, in determining the
differences which arose between landlords and tenants, without the
expence of law suits, on rebuilding the city after the fire. These
Judges are all painted at full length in their scarlet gowns; and in
the Lord Mayor’s court there are the portraits of five other Judges
painted in the same manner.

On the east end of the hall is held the court of Hustings weekly, and
occasionally that of the Exchequer; and before the Hustings is held
the court of Conscience. At the west end is held alternately the
Sheriff’s court for the Poultry and Wood street counters. Opposite to
the Chamberlain’s office, already mentioned, as situated up the steps
underneath the giants, is the office of Auditors of the city accounts,
within which is the Lord Mayor’s court office, where the Lord Chief
Justice occasionally sits in trials by _nisi prius_. On the west side
of the Mayor’s court office is the court of Orphans, where the Lord
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas occasionally sits. Adjoining to this
court on the north, is the old council chamber, now used by the
Commissioners of bankrupts. Contiguous to it is the new council
chamber. Beneath the Mayor’s court is the Town Clerk’s office, where
are deposited the city archives. To the east and north are the
residences of the Chamberlain and Town Clerk; near which are two rooms
wherein the business of bankrupts are dispatched. Contiguous to the
north west is the kitchen; in the porch is the Comptroller’s office,
and over it the Irish chamber. Over the piazzas on the west, are the
common Serjeant’s, Remembrancer’s, and city Solicitor’s offices. See
an account of each of these courts under the articles, _Court of_
COMMON COUNCIL. _Lord_ MAYOR’S _Court_. _Court of_ HUSTINGS, &c.

Guildhall is at the end of a tolerable vista, which shews the building
to some advantage, though the Gothic front has nothing very
extraordinary in it. The hall within is a fine one, but the entrance
would have been better at the lower end than in the middle, for by
this means all the beauty of the perspective is lost. The ascent of
steps across the hall not being opposite the gate, as it ought to have
been, is another material defect. A noble front in the situation of
Guildhall, would have had an advantage hardly to be met with
elsewhere, and give an architect a fine opportunity of displaying his
genius. But the present front is full of little parts which have no
effect at a distance.

GUILDHALL _alley_, Basinghall street, leading to Guildhall.

GUILDHALL CHAPEL, situated between Blackwell hall, and Guildhall, was
founded in the year 1299, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen and All
Saints, and called London College. A chantry was founded in this
chapel for four chaplains, and lands and tenements left for their
support. It was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VI. and received new
endowments: but at the suppression of religious houses it reverted to
the Crown, and was bought of King Edward VI. with other lands and
tenements, for the sum of 456_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ and the city holds it
in soccage of the manor of Greenwich. It was defaced, but not burnt
down by the fire of London in 1666, and has been since repaired.

This edifice is perfectly in the Gothic taste. In several niches are
set the figures in stone of King Edward VI. of Queen Elizabeth, with a
phœnix under her; and of King Charles I. treading on a globe. The
windows are extremely large, and on the inside the walls are hung with
tapestry. Over the Aldermen’s seats there is a wainscot covering, and
a particular seat for the Lord Mayor, adorned with cartouches. There
is a gallery at the west end, a handsome wainscot pulpit and desk, and
a neat altar piece inclosed with rails and banisters.

On the south side of this chapel was formerly a library belonging to
Guildhall and the College. But it is said that in the reign of King
Edward VI. Edward Duke of Somerset, then Lord Protector, sent for the
books with a promise of returning them shortly; upon which three
carriages were loaded with them; but they being never returned, the
room has been long made a storehouse for cloths.

GUILDHALL _yard_, 1. King street, Cheapside.☐ 2. King street,
Westminster.

GUILFORD, or GUILDFORD, a considerable borough in Surry, situated on the
river Wey, thirty miles from London, and governed by a Mayor,
Recorder, and Aldermen. Here the assizes are sometimes held, and
always elections for members of parliament, the town itself returning
two. Not far from the town are the ruinous wails of an old castle,
this having been in the Saxon times a royal villa, where many of our
Kings long after kept their festivals. Here were formerly two or three
convents, one of which was not long ago the seat of Daniel Coswall,
Esq; and had a delightful park adjoining to it. There were also three
churches in the town; but one of them fell down in the year 1740. Here
is a charity school founded by King Edward VI. and an almshouse
founded by George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, who endowed it with
lands worth 300_l._ a year, 100_l._ of which he ordered to be employed
in setting the poor at work, and the other 200_l._ he allotted for the
maintenance of a master, twelve brethren, and eight sisters, who are
to have 2_s._ 6_d._ a week: the Archbishop’s birth day is annually
commemorated in it; and the Archbishop of Canterbury is its visitor.
There are here likewise two charity schools for thirty boys, and
twenty girls; and a fine circular course for horse races, which begin
when the Newmarket races are ended. Guilford had formerly a
considerable manufacture of cloth, of which there are still some
remains. The great road from Chichester and Portsmouth lies through
the town, which has been always famous for good inns, the cleanest of
linen, and other excellent accommodations; and as the river Wey is
made navigable to this town, a great quantity of timber is carried
down it to London, not only from this neighbourhood, but from the
Sussex and Hampshire woods, above thirty miles off, from whence it is
brought to Guilford in the summer by land carriage.

The road from hence to Farnham is very remarkable, for it runs along
the ridge of a high chalky hill, no wider than the road itself, and
the declivity begins on either hand, at the edge that bounds the
highway, and is very steep and high. From this hill is a surprizing
prospect; to the north and north west over Bagshot Heath; to the south
east into Sussex, almost to the South Downs; and to the west it is so
unbounded that the view is only terminated by the horizon. On this
hill, which is called St. Catharine’s, stands the gallows in such a
position, that the town’s people of Guilford may, from the High
street, sit at their shop doors and see the criminals executed.

GUILLAM’S _wharf_, St. Catharine’s.†

GULLYHOLE _alley_, Wheeler street.

GULSTON’S _square_, Gulston’s street.†

GULSTON’S _street_, Whitechapel.†

GUM _alley_, Barnaby street.

GUMMERY’S _alley_, Dorset street.†

GUN _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Little Moorfields.* 3. St. John’s
street, West Smithfield.* 4. Wapping.* 5. Well street.*

GUN _dock_, Wapping.

GUN-HOUSE _stairs_, near Vauxhall.

GUN _lane_, Three Colts street.*

GUNPOWDER _alley_, 1. Poor Jury lane. 2. Shoe lane.

_Gunnersbury._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sculp._
]

GUNNERSBURY HOUSE, near Ealing, a noble and elegant structure, built by
Inigo Jones, or, as some say, by Mr. Web, who was son-in-law to Inigo
Jones. Indeed the architecture shews that if the plan was not drawn by
that celebrated architect himself, it was designed by some of his
scholars, for the building has that majestic boldness and simplicity
which grace all the works of that excellent artist. It is situated on
a rising ground; the approach to it from the garden is remarkably
fine. The loggia has a beautiful appearance at a distance, and
commands a fine prospect of the county of Surry, the river of Thames,
and of all the meadows on its banks for some miles, and in clear
weather of even the city of London.

The apartments are extremely convenient and well contrived. The hall,
which is large and spacious, is on each side supported by rows of
columns, and from thence you ascend by a noble flight of stairs to a
saloon, which is a double cube of twenty-five feet high, and most
elegantly furnished. This fine room has an entrance into the portico
on the back front, which is supported by columns, and from the finest
of the prospect over the Thames, is a delightful place to sit in,
during the afternoon in the summer season; for it being contrived to
face the south east, the sun never shines on it after two o’clock; but
extending its beams over the country, enlivens the beautiful landscape
that lies before this part of the edifice. On entering the garden from
the house, you ascend a noble terrace, which affords a delightful view
of the neighbouring country; and from this terrace, which extends the
whole breadth of the garden, you descend by a beautiful flight of
steps, with a grand balustrade on each side. But the gardens are laid
out too plain, having the walls in view on every side. This was the
house of the late Henry Furnesse, Esq; who had a fine collection of
pictures in it.

GUNSMITHS, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King
Charles I. in the year 1638. This fraternity consists of a Master, two
Wardens, and eighteen Assistants; but has neither livery nor hall.
_Maitland._

GUN _street_, Artillery lane, Spitalfields.*

GUN _wharf_, 1. Near Battle bridge.* 2. Wapping Dock.*

GUN _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Houndsditch.* 3. Maiden
lane, Southwark.* 4. Pepper alley.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Rosemary
lane.* 7. Sugar Loaf alley, Moor lane.* 8. Tower ditch.*

GUTTER _lane_, Cheapside, originally called Guthurn lane, from Guthurn,
the owner thereof. _Maitland._

GUTTIGE’S _rents_, Whitechapel.†

GUY OF WARWICK’S _court_, 1. Duke street.* 2. Upper Ground.*

GUY’S _court_, Playhouse passage, Drury lane.†

_Guy’s Hospital._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]

GUY’S HOSPITAL, in Southwark, for the cure of sick and lame persons, was
founded by Mr. Thomas Guy, a citizen and bookseller of London, who
from a small beginning amassed an immense fortune, by his industry and
frugality; and more particularly by purchasing seamen’s tickets in the
reign of Queen Anne; and by his success in buying and selling South
Sea stock in the year 1720. He was never married, and had no near
relations; and therefore towards the close of his life, considering
how he should dispose of his wealth, after many ruminations, resolved
to be the founder of the most extensive charity ever established by
one man. He was seventy-six years of age when he took this resolution,
and having no time to lose, immediately took of the President and
Governors of St. Thomas’s hospital in Southwark, a lease of a piece of
ground opposite to that hospital, for the term of nine hundred and
ninety-nine years, for a ground rent of 30_l._ a year; and as this was
covered with small houses that were old and ill tenanted, he
immediately gave the inhabitants notice of his intention, and when
they had removed their effects, pulled down the buildings in the year
1721, and proceeding with all the expedition of a youth of fortune
erecting a house for his own residence; he caused the foundation of
the intended hospital to be laid the following spring, and this vast
fabric was roofed before the death of the founder, which happened on
the 27th of December 1724.

The only motive that induced Mr. Guy to erect this hospital in so low
and close a situation, was his design of putting it under the
management and direction of the Governors of that of St. Thomas. But
by the advice of his friends he altered his resolution; it was then
however too late to think of chusing another situation, for the
building was raised to the second story, but he rendered the place as
agreeable as possible by its elevation above the neighbouring streets.

The expence of erecting and furnishing this hospital amounted to the
sum of 18,793_l._ 16_s._ great part of which he expended in his life
time; and the sum he left to endow it, amounted to 219,499_l._ both
together amounting to 238,292_l._ 16_s._ a much larger sum than was
ever before left in this kingdom by one single person to charitable
uses.

The edifice is situated at a small distance from the foot of London
bridge, and consists of two quadrangles, besides what the print
exhibits, which is intended when the old buildings are removed to be
made regular. At your approach, which is a very narrow street, you
first see the side of the square, which is very elegant, and a noble
iron gate, with very handsome piers, but are much disappointed when
you come nearer, to find the most contemptible front you can imagine.
The whole side could not be represented in the print, as there was not
distance in the street to bring it into the visual angle. The iron
gates open into a square, in the middle of which is a brazen statue of
the founder, by Mr. Scheemakers, dress’d in his livery gown, very well
executed.

In the front of the pedestal is this inscription:

THOMAS GUY SOLE FOUNDER OF THIS HOSPITAL IN HIS LIFE TIME. A.D.
MDCCXXI.

On the west side of the pedestal is represented in basso relievo, the
parable of the good Samaritan; on the south side is Mr. Guy’s arms;
and on that side of the pedestal facing the east, is our Saviour
healing the impotent man.

The superstructure of this hospital has three floors besides the
garrets, and the same construction runs through the whole building,
which is so extensive as to contain twelve wards, in which are four
hundred and thirty-five beds; and in short the whole has a plainness
that becomes the nature of the institution, and at the same time a
regularity that does some honour to the builder, the whole being
disposed for the mutual accommodation of the sick, and of those who
attend them.

Soon after Mr. Guy’s decease, his executors, pursuant to his last
will, applied to parliament to get themselves, and fifty-one other
gentlemen nominated by the founder, to be incorporated Governors of
the intended hospital; upon which all these gentlemen were constituted
a body politic and corporate, by the name of the President and
Governors of this hospital: they were to have perpetual succession and
a common seal, with the power of possessing the real and personal
estates of the late Thomas Guy, Esq; for the purposes of the will, and
to purchase in perpetuity, or for any term of years, any other estate
whatsoever, not exceeding 12,000_l._ a year.

This corporation was no sooner established by parliament, than the
President and Governors set heartily about the work, by finishing and
furnishing the hospital, chusing their officers and servants, and
taking in patients, whose number at first amounted to 402. For the
more effectual preventing inferior servants preying upon poor
patients, or their friends, they resolved to give them handsome
salaries, and the following were appointed and are still given.

The Treasurer 00 0 0

His Clerk 40 0 0

Steward 80 0 0

Chaplain 80 0 0

Two Physicians, 40_l._ each 80 0 0

Apothecary 80 0 0

Apothecary’s two servants 78 0 0

Surgeryman 30 0 0

Butler, with his horse 67 2 8

Cook and her servant 32 0 0

Porter 35 0 0

Beadle 30 0 0

Matron 50 0 0

Eleven sisters, 25_l._ each 275 0
0

Eight nurses, 16_l._ each 128 0
0

Twelve watch-women, 10_l._ 8_s._ 124 16
each 0

One brother belonging to the 35 0 0
lunatics

One sister belonging to the 25 0 0
lunatics

────────────────────────────────────────────
Sum total, 1349 18
8

These officers and servants are chosen by the sixty Governors, who
have carried on this noble charity in such a manner as to restore ease
and health to many thousands of their fellow subjects.

Besides which the out-patients who receive medicines gratis,
frequently amount to about 1600 in a year.

Before we conclude this article, it may be proper to mention some
other particulars relating to Mr. Guy, in order to do justice to the
character of that great benefactor to the public, by which the reader
will see the little foundation there is for the general opinion of his
being remarkable for nothing more than his parsimony and avarice. He
was a patron of liberty and of the rights of his fellow subjects,
which, to his great honour, he strenuously asserted in several
parliaments, whereof he was a member for the borough of Tamworth in
Staffordshire, the place of his birth. To this town he was a general
benefactor; and early in his life he not only contributed towards the
relief of private families in distress, but erected an almshouse, with
a library, in that borough, for the reception of fourteen poor men and
women, to whom he allowed a certain pension during his life, and at
his death he bequeathed the annual sum of 125_l._ towards their future
support, and for putting out children apprentices, &c.

In the year 1701 Mr. Guy built and furnished at his own expence, three
wards on the north side of the outer court of St. Thomas’s hospital,
and gave to those wards 100_l._ a year, for eleven years immediately
preceding the foundation of his hospital. Some time before his death,
he removed the frontispiece of St. Thomas’s hospital, which stood over
the gateway in the Borough, and erected it in the place where it now
stands, fronting the street: he also enlarged the gateway; rebuilt the
two large houses on its sides, and erected the fine iron gate between
them, all at the expence of 3000_l._ To many of his relations he gave
while living, a settled allowance of 10 or 20_l._ a year; and to
others money to advance them in the world. At his death, he left to
his poor aged relations the sum of 870_l._ a year during their life;
and among his younger relations, who were very numerous, and his
executors, he left the sum of 75,589_l._ He left the Governors of
Christ’s hospital a perpetual annuity of 400_l._ for taking in four
children annually, at the nomination of the Governors; and bequeathed
1000_l._ for discharging poor prisoners within the city of London, and
the counties of Middlesex and Surry, who could be released for the sum
of 5_l._ by which sum, and the good management of his executors, there
were above 600 poor persons set at liberty, from the several prisons
within the bills of mortality. _Maitland._

GUY’S _yard_. Vinegar yard, Drury lane.†

H.

HABERDASHER _square_, Grub street, Fore street.

HABERDASHERS, one of the twelve principal companies, was indifferently
called Hurrers and Milliners; the latter from the merchandize in which
they chiefly dealt, which came from the city of Milan in Italy: but
they were incorporated by letters patent granted by King Henry VI. in
the year 1407, by the style of _The_ _fraternity of St. Catharine the
Virgin, of the Haberdashers of the city of London_. But at present
they are denominated _The Master and four Wardens of the fraternity of
the art or mystery of Haberdashers_.

This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and ninety-three
Assistants, with a livery of 342 members, who upon their admission pay
a fine of 5_l._ _Maitland._

HABERDASHERS _Almshouse_ at Hoxton. See ASKE’S _Almshouse_.

HABERDASHERS HALL, situated on the north side of Maiden lane, is a good
brick building, and the room called the hall is very neat and lofty.
It is paved with marble and Purbeck stone, wainscoted about twelve
feet high; and the screen at the west end, where are two arched
apertures, is adorned with pilasters of the Corinthian order.

HACKET _court_, Coleman street.†

HACKNEY, a village in Middlesex, on the north east side of London, is a
very large and populous village, inhabited by such numbers of
merchants and wealthy persons, that it is said there are near an
hundred gentlemen’s coaches kept. The parish has several hamlets
belonging to it, among which are Clapton on the north, Dorleston and
Shacklewell on the west, and Hummerton, which leads to Hackney Marsh,
on the east. In this village are two meeting houses, viz. a new
Presbyterian meeting near the church, and an Independent meeting in
Mare street: besides a Presbyterian meeting house at Clapton, There
are also here six boarding schools, a free school, a charity school,
and several almshouses.

Hackney church was a distinct rectory and vicarage in the year 1292,
and dedicated to St. Augustine; but the Knights Templars having
obtained a mill and other possessions in the parish, they were, upon
the suppression of their order, granted to the Knights Templars of St.
John of Jerusalem, from whom the church is supposed to have received
the present appellation of St. John: however, it was not presented to
by that name till after the year 1660. It is in the gift of Mr. Tyson,
Lord of the manor, but in ecclesiastical affairs is subject to the
Bishop of London. _Maitland._

At the bottom of Hackney Marsh there have been discovered within these
few years, the remains of a great stone causeway, which by the Roman
coins found there, appears to have been one of the famous highways
made by the Romans. _English Gazetteer._

HACKNEY COACHES. The village of Hackney being anciently celebrated for
the numerous seats of the nobility and gentry it contained, this
occasioned a great resort thither of persons of all ranks from the
city of London, whereby so great a number of horses were daily hired
in the city on that account, that at length all horses to be lett
received the common appellation of Hackney horses; which denomination
has since been communicated to public coaches and chairs.

’Tis observable that so lately as the year 1625, there were not above
twenty hackney coaches in the city of London and the adjacent parts;
and that these did not ply in the streets as at present; but those who
had occasion for them sent for them from the stables where they stood:
but in 1635, the number of these coaches being greatly increased, they
plied in the streets, which being then much narrower in many parts of
London than at present, the common passages were obstructed and
rendered dangerous; and it was alledged, that by this great increase,
the price of hay and other provender was much enhanced. Upon this a
proclamation was published by his Majesty King Charles I. on the 19th
of January, strictly commanding, that after the 24th of June
following, no hackney coach should be used within the city and suburbs
of London, except for carrying of people to and from their habitations
in the country: and that no person whatsoever should be allowed to
keep a coach in this city, except such persons as were capable of
keeping four able horses fit for his Majesty’s service, which were at
all times to be ready when called for, under a severe penalty. However
in 1654, Cromwell published an ordinance, by which he ordered that the
hackney coaches, which he limited to two hundred, should be under the
care and government of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. And
in 1662 it was enabled by parliament, that all the hackney coaches,
which then amounted to four hundred, should annually pay the sum of
5_l._ each towards the charge of paving and cleaning the streets of
London and Westminster. Since which time the number of hackney coaches
has been augmented to eight hundred, and both they and the hackney,
chairs put under the government of the Hackney coach office.
_Maitland._

HACKNEY COACH _Office_, in Surry street in the Strand, was erected
according to an act of parliament passed in the year 1696, for
licensing hackney coaches and chairs, and to put them under the
government of five Commissioners, who have a salary of 150_l._ a year
each. The number of coaches is limited to eight hundred; out of which
two hundred are to ply every Sunday in their turn, on the forfeiture
of 5_l._ for every coachman who plies out of his turn.

For the better government of these coaches and chairs, and preventing
the drivers and owners imposing on those who employ them, each coach
has its respective number on a tin plate fixed on each side. The price
of each licence is 50_l._ no person is allowed to have more than two
licences, and every proprietor pays 5_s._ a week by monthly payments,
to the receiver of the office. A hackney coachman plying without a
licence, using another’s figure, or defacing his own, forfeits 5_l._
And no horse, mare, or gelding, under fourteen hands high, is to be
used in drawing hackney coaches.

If any coachman abuses a passenger; exacts more for his fare than he
ought to receive; or refuses to go at the following rates, whether by
day or night, foul or fair weather; upon complaint belong made to the
Commissioners, and the number of the coach delivered in, such coachman
will be summoned to appear, and fined for each offence twenty or forty
shillings, according to the nature of his crime.

Rates of Hackney Coachmen.

For a day of twelve hours, 10_s._
For one hour, 1_s._ 6_d._
For every hour after the first, 1_s._
For any distance nor exceeding a mile and a half, 1_s._
For any distance not exceeding two miles, 1_s._ 6_d._

For the better ascertaining the fares between the most remarkable
places of this city and suburbs, the Commissioners of the Hackney
Coach office have caused the distance between the following parts to
be measured, and the several rates fixed accordingly.

Rates for Hackney Coaches, one shilling.

From any of the Inns to Court to any part of St. James’s or
Westminster, except beyond Tothill street.

From any of the Inns of Court, or thereabouts, to the Royal Exchange.

From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Albemarle street, Bolton
street, Bloomsbury square, Soho square, or Little Queen street,
Holborn.

From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster; or the
nearest corner of Red Lion square.

From Golden square to Red Lion square.

From the Haymarket play house to Red Lion square, Queen’s square
Westminster, Thavies Inn, or Bloomsbury square.

From Guildhall to Red Lion square.

From the upper end of Fetter lane, Holborn, to Aldgate.

From the Royal Exchange to Hoxton square.

From Newgate to the middle of Greek street near Soho square.

From the Bridge foot, Southwark, to Sir William Walworth’s Head at
Walworth.

From Gray’s Inn gate to Sadler’s Wells near Islington.

From Covent garden to Clerkenwell church.

From Temple Bar to Billingsgate.

From Aldgate to Shadwell church.

Rates for Hackney Coaches, eighteen pence.

From Drury lane play house to Queen square, Westminster.

From Westminster Hall to St. Paul’s.

From Westminster Hall to Queen square, Red Lion fields.

From St. James’s gate to Hatton garden.

From the New Exchange in the Strand to the Royal Exchange.

From the Haymarket play house to Hatton garden.

From Red Lion square to Westminster hall.

From any of the Inns of Court to the Tower, Aldgate, Bishopsgate
street, or thereabouts.

From St. James’s to Marybone church.

From the Royal Exchange to Bloomsbury square.

From the Royal Exchange to the watch house at Mile-end.

From the outside of Aldgate to Stepney church.

From Bedford street, Covent garden, to Coleman street.

From Bread street to Hoxton square.

From the middle of Broad street to Hart street, Bloomsbury.

From St. Martin’s lane in the Strand to Gold street, by Wood street.

From the middle of Gracechurch street to Somerset house.

From Guildhall to Brownlow street, Drury lane.

From the Royal Exchange to Newington church, Surry.

From Covent garden to the Royal Exchange.

From Stocks market to Charing Cross.

From Aldgate to Ratcliff Cross.

HACKNEY CHAIRMEN, are subject to the same regulations as the Hackney
Coachmen; and if they behave ill, any person may have them fined or
punished by producing the number of the chair, and making complaint at
the Hackney Coach office in Surry street. The only difference between
them and the Hackney Coachmen is, that they are obliged to go the same
distance for eighteen pence, which the coachmen perform for a
shilling; they are to take no more than one shilling for any distance
not exceeding a mile; and no more than eighteen pence for any distance
not exceeding a mile and a half.

Rates for Hackney Chairmen, one shilling.

From Westminster to Covent garden, or Exeter Exchange.

From St. James’s gate through the Park to Westminster Hall.

From the Haymarket play house to the entrance of Lincoln’s Inn fields.

From the Haymarket play house to Bolton street.

From St. James’s gate to Somerset house.

From Somerset house to the upper end of Hatton garden.

From the Haymarket play house to Soho square.

From the nearest corner of Golden square to Drury lane play house.

Rates for Hackney Chairmen, eighteen pence.

From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Soho square, Bolton
street, or Temple Bar.

From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster.

From Golden square to Red Lion square.

From Red Lion square to the Haymarket play house.

From Queen’s square to the Haymarket play house.

From the Haymarket play house to Bloomsbury square.

From the Haymarket play house to Gray’s Inn.

HACKNEY _road_, near Shoreditch.☐

HAGLE’S _court_, Silver street, Tooley street.†

HAINS’S _court_; Swallow street.†

HAIRBRAIN’D _court_, 1. Blue Anchor yard, Rosemary lane.‖ 2. Scotland
yard.‖

HALBOURN _yard_, Mews, Duke street, Piccadilly.†

HALFMOON _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. By the Halfmoon
tavern, Cheapside.* 3. Green Bank, Wapping.* 4. Grub street, Fore
street.* 5. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 6. Little Bartholomew
close, leading to the Halfmoon tavern. 7. Little Moorfields.* 8.
Saltpetre Bank.* 9. Seven Stars alley, Golden lane.* 10. Whitechapel.*
11. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

HALFMOON _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Hermitage,
Wapping.* 4. Long alley, Moorfields.* 5. Ludgate hill.* 6. Portpool
lane.* 7. Saltpetre Bank.* 8. Wiltshire lane.* 9. East Smithfield.*

HALFMOON AND SEVEN STARS _court_, Old street.*

HALFMOON _passage_, Foster lane, Cheapside.*

HALFMOON _street_, 1. Hyde Park road.* 2. In the Strand.* 3. West
street, Soho.*

HALF NICOL _street_, New Turnmill street, Shoreditch fields.

HALF-PAVED _court_, Dorset street, Fleet str.

HALFPENNY _alley_. 1. Jacob street. 2. Sharp’s alley, Cow Cross. 3.
Halfway house lane, Stepney fields.

HALLAM _street_, Gray’s Inn lane. †

HALL’S _court_, 1. Compton street.† 2. Deadman’s place.†

HALL’S _rents_, Helmet court, St. Catharine’s.†

HALL’S _stairs_, Narrow street, Ratcliff.†

HALLMOTE, a court so denominated from the place in which it is kept,
belongs to the several companies of citizens, by whom it is
occasionally held in their respective halls, wherein the affairs of
each of the companies are respectively transacted.

HALSEY’S _court_, Blackman street.†

HALSTED, a village in Essex, between Cray and Sevenoak, near which is
the seat of the Duke of Richmond, called Halsted Place.

HAM (EAST) a village in Essex, south east of Plaistow, and six miles
from London.

HAM (WEST) a village in Essex, between Stratford and Little Ilford.

HAMBURGH MERCHANTS, a company incorporated by Edward I. in the year
1269, by the name of _Merchant Adventurers_. This being the first
company of merchants incorporated in this kingdom, they soon obtained
ample privileges of John Duke of Brabant, for establishing a factory
at Antwerp.

As these merchants proved of great advantage to the nation, their
privileges were confirmed and enlarged by several succeeding Princes,
particularly by Queen Elizabeth, who impowered the members of this
company to extend their commerce to all parts of Germany. This was no
sooner known, than very great privileges were offered them by the
merchants of Hamburgh, as an encouragement to settle in their city,
which being accepted, the factory repaired thither, where they still
continue, and are at present known by the appellation of the _Hamburgh
Company_, the ancient name being now never used but in deeds, and
other writings.

This society, since the diminishing of their privileges, and laying
open their trade in the reign of King William III. is greatly reduced.
_Strype’s edit. of Stow._

_Cascade at Ham Farm._
_S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._
]

HAM FARM, is the seat of the Earl of Portmore at Weybridge in Surry. It
is situated between the Earl of Lincoln’s and the late Mr.
Southcote’s. The house is a large handsome structure built regularly
of brick, with a fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about
it consist of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleasure,
besides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command of water,
there being two navigable rivers, the Thames, which comes with a fine
bending course by the side of the terrace, and the Wye, which runs
direct]y through the grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace.
There is a swing bridge over the Wye, which may be turned aside at
pleasure to let boats and other vessels pass. The Wye is navigable up
to Guildford and other places. What is called the Virginia Water, runs
from Windsor great park, and flows through Mr. Southcote’s grounds
hither. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful; and though it lies
upon a flat, there are some good views from it, and from other parts
of the gardens. This place was first beautified by the Countess of
Dorchester, in the reign of James II.

HAM HOUSE. See PETERSHAM.

HAMILTON _street_, Hyde Park road.†

HAMILTON’S _yard_, Upper Shadwell.†

HAMMER AND CROWN _court_, Broad street, Ratcliff.*

HAMMER _court_, In the Minories.*

HAMMERSMITH, a village in Middlesex, four miles west from London. There
are a number of pretty seats about it, especially towards the Thames,
among which the most remarkable is Mr. Doddington’s. It has a church,
a Presbyterian meeting house, two charity schools, a work house, and a
kind of nunnery.

HAMMOND’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse yard, Snow hill, consists of six
neat rooms, and was founded by Edmund Hammond, Esq; in the year 1651,
for as many poor batchelors or widowers, with an allowance 10_l._ a
year each: but the estate appropriated for its support being reduced
by the fire of London, the Haberdashers company, to which the care of
this charitable foundation was intrusted, at present only pay the
pensioners the annual sum of 7_l._ 10_s._ each.

HAMMOND’S _court_, Haymarket.†

HAMMOND’S _key_, Thames street.†

HAMMOND’S _lane_, Thames street.†

HAMPSHIRE _court_, Whitechapel.

HAMPSHIRE HOG _yard_, Broad St. Giles’s.*

HAMPSHIRE _yard_, Whitechapel.

HAMPSTEAD, a pleasant village in Middlesex, situated near the top of a
hill about four miles on the north west side of London. On the summit
of this hill is a heath, which is adorned with many gentlemen’s
houses, and extends about a mile every way, affording a most extensive
and delightful prospect over the city as far as Shooter’s Hill, and
into the counties all around it. This village used to be formerly
resorted to for its mineral waters; and there is here a fine assembly
room for dancing. Its old ruinous church, which was a chapel belonging
to the Lord of the manor, has been lately pulled down, and a new one
is just erected in its room. There is besides a handsome chapel near
the wells, built by the contribution of the inhabitants, who are
chiefly citizens and merchants of London; and also a meeting house.

HAMPSTEAD WATER OFFICE, in Denmark street, St. Giles’s. To this office
belong two main pipes of a seven inch bore, which bring water from the
ponds at Highgate and Hampstead to supply that neighbourhood.

HAMPSTEAD _yard_, Gray’s Inn lane.

HAM’S _corner_, Old street.†

HAM’S _rents_, Ratcliff highway.†

HAM’S _yard_, 1. Brook street.† 2. Great Windmill street.†

_Hampton Court from the Garden._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc Oxon._
]

HAMPTON COURT, is delightfully situated on the north bank of the river
Thames, about two miles from Kingston, and at a small distance from a
village called Hampton. This palace was magnificently built with brick
by Cardinal Wolsey, who here set up two hundred and eighty silk beds
for strangers only, and richly stored it with gold and silver plate;
but it raised so much envy against him, that to screen himself from
its effects, he gave it to King Henry VIII. who, in return, suffered
him to live in his palace of Richmond. King Henry greatly enlarged it,
and it had then five spacious courts adorned with buildings, which in
that age were so greatly admired by all foreigners as well as the
natives, that the learned Grotius says of this place:

Si quis opes nescit (sed quis tamen ille?) Britannus,
Hampton Curia, tuos consultat ille Lares;
Contulerit toto cum sparsa palatia mundo,
Dicet, Ibi Reges, hic habitare Deos.

That is,

_If e’er a Briton what is wealth don’t know; let him repair to Hampton
Court, and then view all the palaces of the earth, when he will say,
Those are the residence of Kings, but this of the Gods._

In order to give a more perfect idea of this grandeur, we shall give a
description of the ornaments of this palace, as they appeared in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, from an author who describes what he himself
saw.

“The chief area, says he, is paved with square stone; in its
center is a fountain that throws up water, covered with a gilt
crown, on the top of which is a statue of Justice, supported
by columns of black and white marble. The chapel of this
palace is most splendid, in which the Queen’s closet is quite
transparent, having its windows of crystal. We were led into
two chambers called the presence, or chambers of audience,
which shone with tapestry of gold and silver, and silk of
different colours: under the canopy of state are these words
embroidered in pearl, VIVAT HENRICUS OCTAVUS. Here is besides
a small chapel richly hung with tapestry, where the Queen
performs her devotions. In her bedchamber the bed was covered
with very costly coverlids of silk. At no great distance from
this room we were shewn a bed, the teaster of which was worked
by Anne Boleyn, and presented by her to her husband Henry
VIII. All the other rooms being very numerous, are adorned
with tapestry of gold, silver, and velvet, in some of which
were woven history pieces, in others Turkish and American
dresses, all extremely natural.

“In the hall are these curiosities: a very clear looking
glass, ornamented with columns and little images of alabaster;
a portrait of Edward VI. brother to Queen Elizabeth; the true
portrait of Lucretia; a picture of the battle of Pavia; the
history of Christ’s passion, carved in mother of pearl; the
portrait of Mary Queen of Scots; the picture of Ferdinand
Prince of Spain, and of Philip his son; that of Henry VIII.
under which was placed the Bible curiously written upon
parchment; an artificial sphere; several musical instruments:
in the tapestry are represented negroes riding upon elephants;
the bed in which Edward VI. is said to have been born, and
where his mother Jane Seymour died in childbed. In one chamber
were several excessively rich tapestries, which are hung up
when the Queen gives audience to foreign ambassadors; there
were numbers of cushions ornamented with gold and silver; many
counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine. In
short, all the walls of the palace shine with gold and silver.
Here is besides a certain cabinet called Paradise, where
besides that every thing glitters so with silver, gold, and
jewels, as to dazzle one’s eyes, there is a musical instrument
made all of glass, except the strings. Afterwards we were led
into the gardens, which are most pleasant.”

_Hentzner’s Journey into England._

This palace, which was afterwards the prison of King Charles I. is,
with the parks, encompassed in a semicircle by the Thames. King
William and Queen Mary were so greatly pleased with its situation,
which rendered it capable of great improvements, and of being made one
of the noblest palaces in Europe, that while the former was causing
the old apartments to be pulled down, and rebuilt in the more
beautiful manner in which they now appear, her Majesty impatient to
enjoy so agreeable a retreat, fixed upon a building near the river,
called the Water Gallery, and suiting it to her convenience, adorned
it with the utmost elegance, though its situation would not allow it
to stand after the principal building was completed.

Since the pulling down of the Water Gallery, which stood before the
fine stone front that faces the river, the ground to the south west
received considerable improvements. This spot is laid out in small
inclosures, surrounded with tall hedges, in order to break the
violence of the winds, and render them proper for the reception of
such exotic plants as were moved thither in summer out of the
conservatories. Here are two basons constantly supplied with water,
for the support of these plants in dry weather; and as these are
situated near the great apartments, most of the plants may be viewed
from the window.

At a small distance to the west, stood a large hot house, for
preserving such tender exotic plants as require a greater share of
warmth than is generally felt in this climate. Of this part of
gardening Queen Mary was so fond, that she allowed a handsome salary
to Dr. Plukenet, a very learned botanist, for overlooking and
registering the curious collection of plants she caused to be brought
into the garden; but since her Majesty’s death they have been much
neglected, and very few of the most curious plants are now to be found
there.

The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace now stands,
are about three miles in circumference. On a pediment at the front of
the palace on this side, is a bas-relief of the triumphs of Hercules
over Envy; and facing it a large oval bason, answering to the form of
this part of the garden, which is a large oval divided into gravel
walks and parterres, laid out in an elegant manner, by those two
eminent gardeners, London and Wise.

At the entrance of the grand walk, are two large marble vases, of
exquisite workmanship, one said to be performed by Mr. Cibber, the
father of the poet laureat, and the other by a foreigner; these pieces
are reported to be done as a trial of skill; but it is difficult to
determine which is the finest performance. They are beautifully
adorned with bas-relief; that on the right hand, representing the
triumphs of Bacchus, and the other on the left, Amphitrite and the
Nereides. At the bottom of this walk, facing a large canal which runs
into the park, are two other large vases, the bas-relief on one
representing the judgment of Paris; and that of the other, Meleager
hunting the wild boar.

In four of the parterres are four fine brass statues. The first is a
gladiator, which formerly stood in the parade of St. James’s Park, at
the foot of the canal, and was removed thither in the reign of Queen
Anne. The original was performed by Agasias Desitheus of Ephesus, and
is in the Borghesian palace at Rome. The second is a young Apollo; the
third a Diana; and the fourth, Saturn going to devour one of his
children: all after fine originals.

On the south side of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk
ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the river Thames; in
this garden is a fine fountain, and two grand terrace walks.

On the north side of the palace is a tennis court; and beyond that a
gate which leads into the wilderness: farther on is the great gate of
the gardens, on the sides of which are large stone piers, with the
lion and unicorn couchant, in stone.

We shall now, leaving the gardens, take a view of the palace, and
several apartments, with their noble furniture and fine paintings,
performed by the most eminent masters.