Chapter XIX: Section C: , 1912–13, pp. 223–260

[108] Winsor, Cartier to Frontenac. p. 60.

[109] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 27.

[110] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 19, map 3.

[111] A. E. Nordenskiöld: Bidrag till Nordens äldsta Kartografi. Stockholm, 1892, Pl. 5. Also (reduced) in Nansen’s “In Northern Mists,” Vol. 2, p. 280, and in T. J. Westropp’s “Brasil.” Pl. 20, facing p. 260.

[112] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus. p. 90; also discussed by Joseph Fischer: The Discoveries of the Norsemen in America, With Special Relation to Their Early Cartographical Representation, transl. by B. H. Soulsby, and London, 1903.

[113] Winsor, Cartier to Frontenac, p. II.

[114] See Ayala’s letter to Ferdinand and Isabella, copied in many Cabot narratives; e. g. in the work cited above in footnote 10, p. 430, and at the beginning of the next chapter.

[115] G. E. Weare: Cabot’s Discovery of North America, London, 1897, p. 59.

[116] Alberto Magnaghi: La carta nautica costruita nel 1325 da Angelino Dalorto, with facsimile, Florence, 1898 (published on the occasion of the Third Italian Geographical Congress). Cf. also: _idem_: Il mappamondo del genovese Angellinus de Dalorto (1325): Contributo alla storia della cartografia mediovale, _Atti del Terzo Congr. Geogr. Italiano, tenuto in Firenze dal 12 al 17 Aprile, 1898_, Florence, 1899, Vol. 2, pp. 506–543; and _idem_: Angellinus de Dalorco (_sic_), cartografo italiano della prima metà del secolo XIV, _Riv. Geogr. Italiana_, Vol. 4, 1897, pp. 282–294 and 361–369.

[117] A. E. Nordenskiöld: Periplus: An Essay on the Early History of Charts and Sailing-Directions, transl. by F. A. Bather, Stockholm, 1897, Pl. 2.

[118] Konrad Kretschmer: Die Entdeckung Amerika’s in ihrer Bedeutung für die Geschichte des Weltbildes, 2 vols. (text and atlas), Berlin, 1892; reference in atlas, Pl. 4, map 8.

[119] E. g. by Nordenskiöld, _op. cit._, p. 164.

[120] Ferdinand Columbus: The History of the Life and Actions of Adm. Christopher Columbus, and of His Discovery of the West-Indies, Call’d the New World, Now in Possession of His Catholic Majesty. Written by His Own Son, transl. from the Italian and contained in “A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English,” by Awnsham Churchill and John Churchill (6 vols., London, 1732), Vol. 2, pp. 501–628; reference on p. 512.

[121] [E. F.] Jomard: Les monuments de la géographie, ou recueil d’anciennes cartes européennes et orientales ... Paris, [1842–62], Pl. X, 1.

[122] Gustavo Uzielli: Mappamondi, carte nautiche e portolani del medioevo e dei secoli delle grandi scoperte marittime construiti da italiani o trovati nelle biblioteche d’Italia, Part II (pp. 280–390) of “Studi Bibliografici e Biografici sulla Storia della Geografia in Italia,” published on the occasion of the Second International Geographical Congress, Paris, 1875, by the Società Geografica Italiana, Rome, 1875; reference on Pl. 8 (the second edition, Rome, 1882, does not contain the plates).

[123] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 4, map 1.

[124] W. H. Babcock: Indications of Visits of White Men to America before Columbus, _Proc. 19th Internatl. Congr. of Americanists, Held at Washington, Dec. 27–31, 1915,_ [Smithsonian Institution], Washington, D. C., 1917, pp. 469–478; map on p. 476.

[125] E. G. Ravenstein: Martin Behaim: His Life and His Globe, London, 1908, p. 77.

[126] A. E. Nordenskiöld: Facsimile-Atlas to the Early History of Cartography, transl. by J. A. Ekelöf and C. R. Markham, Stockholm, 1889, p. 65 and Pl. 32.

[127] Ferdinand Columbus, p. 514.

[128] Antonio Galvano: The Discoveries of the World from Their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555, _Hakluyt Soc. Publs._, 1st Series, Vol. 30, London, 1862, p. 72.

[129] Manuel de Faria y Sousa: The History of Portugal, transl. by Capt. John Stevens, London, 1698; reference in Bk. 2, Ch. 6, p. 112.

[130] Manuel de Faria y Sousa: Epitome de las Historias Portuguesas, 2 vols., Madrid, 1628; reference in Part II, Ch. 7, p. 257.

[131] E. L. Stevenson: Atlas of Portolan Charts: Facsimile of Manuscript in British Museum, _Publs. Hispanic Soc. of Amer. No. 81_, New York, 1911, folio 1b.

[132] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 17.

[133] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Facsimile-Atlas, Pl. 46.

[134] _Ibid._, Pl. 47.

[135] A. S. Brown: Guide to Madeira and the Canary Islands (with notes on the Azores), 5th edit., London, 1898, p. 148.

[136] N. Buache: Recherches sur l’ile Antillia et sur l’époque de découverte d’Amérique, _Mémoires de l’Institut des Sciences, Lettres, et Arts_, Vol. 6, 1806, pp. 1–29, following p. 84 of Section entitled “Histoire” and appended list. See p. 13.

[137] Alexander von Humboldt: Examen critique de l’histoire de la géographie du nouveau continent et des progrès de l’astronomie nautique aux quinzième et seizième siècles, 5 vols., Paris, 1836–39; reference in Vol. 2, p. 281.

[138] Joseph Bullar and Henry Bullar: A Winter in the Azores and a Summer in the Baths of the Furnas, 2 vols., London, 1841; reference in Vol. 2, pp. 242–247.

[139] Alexander von Humboldt: Examen critique de l’histoire de la géographie du nouveau continent et des progrès de l’astronomie nautique aux quinzième et seizième siècles, 5 vols., Paris, 1836–39; reference in Vol. 2, p. 163.

[140] Konrad Kretschmer: Die Entdeckung Amerika’s in ihrer Bedeutung für die Geschichte des Weltbildes, 2 vols (text and atlas), Berlin, 1892; reference in atlas, Pl. 12, map 1.

[141] [E. F.] Jomard: Les monuments de la géographie, ou recueil d’anciennes cartes européennes et orientales.... Paris, [1842–62], Pl. X, 1.

[142] Theobald Fischer: Sammlung mittelalterlicher Welt- und Seekarten italienischen Ursprungs, 1 vol. of text and 17 portfolios containing photographs of maps, Venice, 1877–86; reference in Portfolio 11 (Facsimile della carta nautica di Andrea Bianco dell’ anno 1448), Pl. 3. See also Kretschmer, text, p. 184.

[143] A. E. Nordenskiöld: Periplus: An Essay on the Early History of Charts and Sailing-Directions, transl. by F. A. Bather, Stockholm, 1897, Pl. 8.

[144] _Ibid._, Pl. 11.

[145] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 5.

[146] Listed as No. 17 in Justin Winsor: The Kohl Collection (now in the Library of Congress) of Maps Relating to America, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C., 1904, p. 27.

[147] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 15.

[148] _Ibid._, Pl. 18.

[149] Theobald Fischer, Portfolio 8 (Facsimile del Portolano di Giacomo Giraldi di Venezia dell’ anno 1426).

[150] The section of which the author has a photograph (first published in the _Geogr. Rev._, Vol. 8, 1919, opposite p. 40, and here reproduced, Fig. 3, somewhat curtailed) does not extend far enough to show the island.

[151] Gustavo Uzielli: Mappamondi, carte nautiche e portolani del medioevo e dei secoli delle grandi scoperte marittime construiti da italiani o trovati nelle biblioteche d’Italia, Part II (pp. 280–390) of “Studi Bibliografici e Biografici sulla Storia della Geografia in Italia,” published on the occasion of the Second International Geographical Congress, Paris, 1875, by the Società Geografica Italiana, Rome, 1875; reference on Pl. 8 (the second edition, Rome, 1882, does not contain the plates).

[152] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 20.; Theobald Fischer, Portfolio 11, Pl. 3.

[153] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 33.

[154] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 4, map 1.

[155] E. L. Stevenson: Facsimiles of Portolan Charts Belonging to the Hispanic Society of America, _Publs. Hispanic Soc. of Amer. No. 104_, New York, 1916, Pl. 2.

[156] W. H. Babcock: Indications of Visits of White Men to America before Columbus, _Proc. 19th Internatl. Congr. of Americanists, Held at Washington, Dec. 27–31, 1915_, [Smithsonian Institution,] Washington, D. C., 1917, pp. 469–478; map on p. 476.

[157] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 22.

[158] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 9, map 3; also in A. E. Nordenskiöld: Facsimile-Atlas to the Early History of Cartography, transl. by J. A. Ekelöf and C. R. Markham, Stockholm, 1889, Pl. 32.

[159] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 14, map 5.

[160] _Ibid._, Pl. 15.

[161] _Ibid._, Pl. 12, map 2.

[162] _Ibid._, Pl. 4, map 5.

[163] _Ibid._, Pl. 17; also A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 51.

[164] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Pl. 27.

[165] Kretschmer, atlas, Pl. 19, map 3.

[166] Justin Winsor: Cartier to Frontenac: Geographical Discovery in the Interior of North America in Its Historical Relations, 1534–1700, with Full Cartographical Illustrations from Contemporary Sources, Boston and New York, 1894, p. 60.

[167] A. E. Nordenskiöld, Periplus, Fig. 76, p. 163.

[168] A. E. Nordenskiöld: Facsimile-Atlas, Pl. 46.

[169] _Ibid._, Pl. 47.

[170] Copy in map collection of American Geographical Society.

[171] Atlas universel, par M. Robert, Géographe ordinaire du Roy, et par M. Robert de Vaugondy, son fils, ... Paris, 1757, Pl. 13.

[172] [E. M.] Blunt’s New Chart of the Atlantic or Western Ocean, New York, 1814.

[173] Theobald Fischer, Portfolio 5 (Facsimile del Portolano Laurenziano-Gaddiano dell’ anno 1351), Pl. 4.

[174] Book of the Knowledge of All the Kingdoms, Lands, and Lordships That Are in the World, and the Arms and Devices of Each Land and Lordship, or of the Kings and Lords Who Possess Them, written by a Spanish Franciscan in the middle of the 14th century, published for the first time with notes by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada in 1877, translated and edited by Sir Clements Markham, _Hakluyt Soc. Publs._, 2nd Ser., Vol. 29, London, 1912, p. 29.

[175] Fridtjof Nansen: In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times, transl. by A. G. Chater, 2 vols., New York, 1911; reference in Vol. 1, pp. 192 and 194.

[176] Konrad Kretschmer: Die Entdeckung Amerika’s in ihrer Bedeutung für die Geschichte des Weltbildes, 2 vols. (text and atlas), Berlin, 1892; reference in atlas, Pl. 14, map 5.

[177] A. E. Nordenskiöld: Bidrag till nordens äldsta kartografi, Stockholm, 1892, Pl. 5. Also (reduced) in Nansen (Vol. 2, p. 285), and in T. J. Westropp: Brasil and the Legendary Islands of the North Atlantic: Their History and Fable, _Proc. Royal Irish Acad._, Vol. 30,