Chapter IV (4)

"Tell me," said he, "did he offer thee any wrong."

"No," answered the maiden, "by my faith, he harmed me not."

"By my faith, I do not believe thee; and, until I can meet with him and revenge the insult he has done me and wreak my vengeance upon him, thou shalt not remain two nights in the same house." And the knight arose, and set forth to seek Peredur.

Meanwhile Peredur journeyed on towards Arthur's court. And before he reached it, another knight had been there, who gave a ring of thick gold at the door of the gate for holding his horse, and went into the hall where Arthur and his household, and Gwenhwyvar and her maidens, were assembled. And the page of the chamber was serving Gwenhwyvar with a golden goblet. Then the knight dashed the liquor that was therein upon her face, and upon her stomacher, and gave her a violent blow on the face, and said, "If any have the boldness to dispute this goblet with me, and to revenge the insult to Gwenhwyvar, let him follow me to the meadow, and there I will await him."

So the knight took his horse, and rode to the meadow. And all the household hung down their heads, lest any of them should be requested to go and avenge the insult to Gwenhwyvar. For it seemed to them that no one would have ventured on so daring an outrage, unless he possessed such powers, through magic or charms, that none could be able to take vengeance upon him. Then, behold, Peredur entered the hall upon the bony piebald horse with the uncouth trappings upon it, and in this way he traversed the whole length of the hall. In the centre of the hall stood Kai.

"Tell me, tall man," said Peredur, "is that Arthur, yonder?"

"What wouldest thou with Arthur?" asked Kai.

"My mother told me to go to Arthur, and receive the honor of knighthood."

"By my faith," said he, "thou art all too meanly equipped with horse and with arms."

Thereupon he was perceived by all the household, and they threw sticks at him. Then, behold, a dwarf came forward. He had already been a year at Arthur's court, both he and a female dwarf. They had craved harborage of Arthur, and had obtained it; and during the whole year neither of them had spoken a single word to any one. When the dwarf beheld Peredur, "Haha!" said he, "the welcome of Heaven be unto thee, goodly Peredur, son of Evrawc, the chief of warriors, and flower of knighthood."

"Truly," said Kai, "thou art ill taught to remain a year mute at Arthur's court, with choice of society, and now before the face of Arthur and all his household, to call out, and declare such a man as this the chief of warriors and the flower of knighthood." And he gave him such a box on the ear that he fell senseless to the ground.

Then exclaimed the female dwarf, "Haha, goodly Peredur, son of Evrawc! The welcome of Heaven be unto thee, flower of knights, and light of chivalry."

"Of a truth, maiden," said Kai, "thou art ill bred to remain mute for a year at the court of Arthur, and then to speak as thou dost of such a man as this." And Kai kicked her with his foot, so that she fell to the ground senseless.

"Tall man," said Peredur, "show me which is Arthur."

"Hold thy peace!" said Kai, "and go after the knight who went hence to the meadow, and take from him the goblet, and overthrow him, and possess thyself of his horse and arms, and then thou shalt receive the order of knighthood."

"I will do so, tall man," said Peredur. So he turned his horse's head towards the meadow. And when he came there, the knight was riding up and down, proud of his strength and valor and noble mien.

"Tell me," said the knight, "didst thou see any one coming after me from the court?"

"The tall man that was there," said he, "desired me to come and overthrow thee, and to take from thee the goblet and thy horse and thy armor for myself."

"Silence!" said the knight. "Go back to the court, and tell Arthur, from me, either to come himself, or to send some other to fight with me; and, unless he do so quickly, I will not wait for him."

"By my faith," said Peredur! "choose thou whether it shall be willingly or unwillingly; but I will have the horse and the arms and the goblet."

And upon this the knight ran at him furiously, and struck him a violent blow with the shaft of his spear between the neck and the shoulder.

"Haha, lad!" said Peredur. "My mother's servants were not used to play with me in this wise: therefore, thus will I play with thee." And thereupon he struck him with a sharp-pointed fork, and it hit him in the eye and came out at the back of his neck, so that he instantly fell down lifeless.

"Verily," said Owain the son of Urien to Kai, "thou wert ill advised when thou didst send that madman after the knight; for one of two things must befall him. He must either be overthrown, or slain. If he is overthrown by the knight, he will be counted by him to be an honorable person of the court; and an eternal disgrace will it be to Arthur and his warriors. And if he is slain, the disgrace will be the same, and, moreover, his sin will be upon him: therefore will I go to see what has befallen him." So Owain went to the meadow, and he found Peredur dragging the man about. "What art thou doing thus?" said Owain.

"This iron coat," said Peredur, "will never come from off him; not by my efforts, at any rate."

And Owain unfastened his armor and his clothes. "Here, my good soul," said he, "is a horse and armor better than thine. Take them joyfully, and come with me to Arthur to receive the order of knighthood; for thou dost merit it."

"May I never show my face again, if I go!" said Peredur. "But take thou the goblet to Gwenhwyvar, and tell Arthur that wherever I am I will be his vassal and will do him what profit and service I am able. And say that I will not come to his court until I have encountered the tall man that is there, to revenge the injury he did to the dwarf and dwarfess."

And Owain went back to the court, and related all these things to Arthur and Gwenhwyvar, and to all the household.

And Peredur rode forward. And as he proceeded, behold a knight met him.

"Whence comest thou?" said the knight.

"I come from Arthur's court," said Peredur.

"Art thou one of his men?" asked he.

"Yes, by my faith!" he answered.

"A good service, truly, is that of Arthur."

"Wherefore sayest thou so?" said Peredur.

"I will tell thee," said he. "I have always been Arthur's enemy, and all such of his men as I have ever encountered I have slain."

And without further parlance they fought, and it was not long before Peredur brought him to the ground over his horse's crupper. Then the knight besought his mercy.

"Mercy thou shalt have," said Peredur, "if thou wilt make oath to me that thou wilt go to Arthur's court, and tell him that it was I that overthrew thee for the honor of his service, and say that I will never come to the court until I have avenged the insult offered to the dwarf and dwarfess."

The knight pledged him his faith of this, and proceeded to the court of Arthur, and said as he had promised, and conveyed the threat to Kai.

And Peredur rode forward. And within that week he encountered sixteen knights, and overthrew them all shamefully. And they all went to Arthur's court, taking with them the same message which the first knight had conveyed from Peredur, and the same threat which he had sent to Kai. And thereupon Kai was reproved by Arthur; and Kai was greatly grieved thereat.

And Peredur rode forward. And he came to a vast and desert wood on the confines of which was a lake. And on the other side was a fair castle. And on the border of the lake he saw a venerable, hoary-headed man, sitting upon a velvet cushion, and having a garment of velvet upon him. And his attendants were fishing in the lake. When the hoary-headed man beheld Peredur approaching, he arose, and went towards the castle. And the old man was lame. Peredur rode to the palace; and the door was open, and he entered the hall. And there was the hoary-headed man sitting on a cushion, and a large blazing fire burning before him. And the household and the company arose to meet Peredur, and disarrayed him. And the man asked the youth to sit on the cushion; and they sat down and conversed together. When it was time, the tables were laid, and they went to meat. And when they had finished their meal, the man inquired of Peredur if he knew well how to fight with the sword.

"I know not," said Peredur; "but were I to be taught, doubtless I should."

"Whoever can play well with the cudgel and shield will also be able to fight with a sword."

And the man had two sons: the one had yellow hair, and the other auburn.

"Arise, youths," said he, "and play with the cudgel and the shield." And so did they. "Tell me, my soul," said the man, "which of the youths thinkest thou plays best."

"I think," said Peredur, "that the yellow-haired youth could draw blood from the other, if he chose."

"Arise thou, my life, and take the cudgel and the shield from the hand of the youth with the auburn hair, and draw blood from the yellow-haired youth if thou canst."

So Peredur arose, and went to play with the yellow-haired youth; and he lifted up his arm, and struck him such a mighty blow that his brow fell over his eye, and the blood flowed forth.

"Ah, my life," said the man, "come now, and sit down; for thou wilt become the best fighter with the sword of any in this island. And I am thy uncle, thy mother's brother. And with me shalt thou remain a space in order to learn the manners and customs of different countries, and courtesy, and gentleness, and noble bearing. Leave, then, the habits and the discourse of thy mother, and I will be thy teacher; and I will raise thee to the rank of knight from this time forward. And thus do thou. If thou seest aught to cause thee wonder, ask not the meaning of it: if no one has the courtesy to inform thee, the reproach will not fall upon thee, but upon me that am thy teacher."

And they had abundance of honor and service. And when it was time they went to sleep. At the break of day Peredur arose and took his horse, and with his uncle's permission he rode forth. And he came to a vast desert wood, and at the further end of the wood was a meadow, and on the other side of the meadow he saw a large castle. And thitherward Peredur bent his way, and he found the gate open, and he proceeded to the hall. And he beheld a stately hoary-headed man sitting on one side of the hall, and many pages around him, who arose to receive and to honor Peredur. And they placed him by the side of the owner of the palace. Then they discoursed together; and when it was time to eat, they caused Peredur to sit beside the nobleman during the repast. And when they had eaten and drunk as much as they desired, the nobleman asked Peredur whether he could fight with a sword.

"Were I to receive instruction," said Peredur, "I think I could."

Now, there was on the floor of the hall a huge staple, as large as a warrior could grasp.

"Take yonder sword," said the man to Peredur, "and strike the iron staple."

[Then] Peredur arose, and struck the staple so that he cut it in two; and the sword broke into two parts also.

"Place the two parts together, and re-unite them."

And Peredur placed them together, and they became entire as they were before. And a second time he struck upon the staple so that both it and the sword broke in two, and as before they re-united. And the third time he gave a like blow, and placed the broken parts together, and neither the staple nor the sword would unite as before.

"Youth," said the nobleman, "come now, and sit down, and my blessing be upon thee. Thou fightest best with the sword of any man in the kingdom. Thou hast arrived at two-thirds of thy strength, and the other third thou hast not yet obtained; and when thou attainest to thy full power none will be able to contend with thee. I am thy uncle, thy mother's brother, and I am brother to the man in whose house thou wast last night."

Then Peredur and his uncle discoursed together, and he beheld two youths enter the hall and proceed up to the chamber, bearing a spear of mighty size, with three streams of blood flowing from the point to the ground. And when all the company saw this they began wailing and lamenting. But for all that the man did not break off his discourse with Peredur. And as he did not tell Peredur the meaning of what he saw, he forbore to ask him concerning it. And when the clamor had a little subsided, behold, two maidens entered, with a large salver between them, in which was a man's head, surrounded by a profusion of blood. And thereupon the company of the court made so great an outcry that it was irksome to be in the same hall with them. But at length they were silent. And, when time was that they should sleep, Peredur was brought into a fair chamber.

And the next day, with his uncle's permission, he rode forth. And he came to a wood, and far within the wood he heard a loud cry, and he saw a beautiful woman with auburn hair, and a horse with a saddle upon it standing near her, and a corpse by her side. And as she strove to place the corpse upon the horse it fell to the ground, and thereupon she made a great lamentation.

"Tell me, sister," said Peredur, "wherefore art thou bewailing?"

"Oh, accursed Peredur! little pity has my ill fortune ever met with from thee."

"Wherefore," said Peredur, "am I accursed?"

"Because thou wast the cause of thy mother's death; for, when thou didst ride forth against her will, anguish seized upon her heart so that she died; and therefore art thou accursed. And the dwarf and the dwarfess that thou sawest at Arthur's court were the dwarfs of thy father and mother. And I am thy foster-sister, and this was my wedded husband, and he was slain by the knight that is in the glade in the wood. And do not thou go near him, lest thou shouldest be slain by him likewise."

"My sister, thou dost reproach me wrongfully. Through my having so long remained amongst you, I shall scarcely vanquish him; and, had I continued longer, it would indeed be difficult for me to succeed. Cease, therefore, thy lamenting, for it is of no avail. And I will bury the body, and then I will go in quest of the knight, and see if I can do vengeance upon him."

And when he had buried the body, they went to the place where the knight was, and found him riding proudly along the glade; and he inquired of Peredur whence he came.

"I come from Arthur's court."

"And art thou one of Arthur's men?"

"Yes, by my faith!"

"A profitable alliance truly, is that of Arthur."

And without further parlance they encountered one another; and immediately Peredur overthrew the knight, and he besought mercy of Peredur.

"Mercy shalt thou have," said he, "upon these terms: that thou take this woman in marriage, and do her all the honor and reverence in thy power, seeing thou hast, without cause, slain her wedded husband; and that thou go to Arthur's court, and show him that it was I that overthrew thee, to do him honor and service; and that thou tell him that I will never come to his court again until I have met with the tall man that is there, to take vengeance upon him for his insult to the dwarf and dwarfess."

And he took the knight's assurance that he would perform all this. Then the knight provided the lady with a horse and garments that were suitable for her, and took her with him to Arthur's court. And he told Arthur all that had occurred, and gave the defiance to Kai. And Arthur and all his household reproved Kai for having driven such a youth as Peredur from his court.

Said Owain the son of Urien, "This youth will never come into the court until Kai has gone forth from it."

"By my faith!" said Arthur, "I will search all the deserts in the island of Britain until I find Peredur, and then let him and his adversary do their utmost to each other."

Then Peredur rode forward. And he came to a desert wood, where he saw not the track either of men or animals, and where there was nothing but bushes and weeds. And at the upper end of the wood he saw a vast castle, wherein were many strong towers; and when he came near the gate he found the weeds taller than he had seen them elsewhere. And he struck the gate with the shaft of his lance, and thereupon behold a lean auburn-haired youth came to an opening in the battlements.

"Choose thou, chieftain," said he, "whether shall I open the gate unto thee, or shall I announce unto those that are chief, that thou art at the gateway?"

"Say that I am here," said Peredur, "and, if it is desired that I should enter, I will go in."

And the youth came back, and opened the gate for Peredur. And when he went into the hall he beheld eighteen youths, lean and red-headed, of the same height, and of the same aspect, and of the same dress, and of the same age, as the one who had opened the gate for him. And they were well skilled in courtesy and in service. And they disarrayed him. Then they sat down to discourse. Thereupon, behold five maidens came from the chamber into the hall. And Peredur was certain that he had never seen another of so fair an aspect as the chief of the maidens. And she had an old garment of satin upon her, which had once been handsome, but was then so tattered that her skin could be seen through it. And whiter was her skin than the bloom of crystal; and her hair and her two eyebrows were blacker than jet; and on her cheeks were two red spots, redder than whatever is reddest. And the maiden welcomed Peredur, and put her arms about his neck, and made him sit down beside her. Not long after this, he saw two nuns enter; and a flask full of wine was borne by one, and six loaves of white bread by the other. "Lady," said they, "Heaven is witness that there is not so much of food and liquor as this left in yonder convent this night."

Then they went to meat, and Peredur observed that the maiden wished to give more of the food and of the liquor to him than to any of the others.

"My sister," said Peredur, "I will share out the food and the liquor."

"Not so, my soul," said she.

"By my faith but I will!" So Peredur took the bread and he gave an equal portion of it to each. [Then, having eaten, Peredur retired and slept. And in the night] with the noise of the door opening, Peredur awoke; and the maiden was [there] weeping and lamenting.

"Tell me, my sister," said Peredur, "wherefore dost thou weep?"

"I will tell thee, lord," said she. "My father possessed these dominions as their chief, and this palace was his; and with it he held the best earldom in the kingdom. Then the son of another earl sought me of my father, and I was not willing to be given unto him; and my father would not give me against my will, either to him or any earl in the world. And my father had no child except myself. And after my father's death these dominions came into my own hands, and then was I less willing to accept him than before. So he made war upon me, and conquered all my possessions except this one house. And through the valor of the men whom thou hast seen, who are my foster-brothers, and the strength of the house, it can never be taken while food and drink remain. And now our provisions are exhausted; but, as thou hast seen, we have been fed by the nuns, to whom the country is free. And at length they also are without supply of food or liquor. And at no later date than to-morrow the earl will come against this place with all his forces; and, if I fall into his power, my fate will be no better than to be given over to the grooms of his horses. Therefore, lord, I am come to offer to place myself in thy hands, that thou mayest succor me, either by taking me hence, or by defending me here, whichever may seem best unto thee."

"Go, my sister," said he, "and sleep; nor will I depart from thee until I do that which thou requirest, or prove whether I can assist thee or not."

The maiden went again to rest; and the next morning she came to Peredur, and saluted him. "Heaven prosper thee, my soul; and what tidings dost thou bring?"

"None other than that the earl and all his forces have alighted at the gate, and I never beheld any place so covered with tents, and thronged with knights challenging others to the combat."

"Truly," said Peredur, "let my horse be made ready."

So his horse was accoutred, and he arose and sallied forth to the meadow. And there was a knight riding proudly along the meadow, having raised the signal for battle. And they encountered; and Peredur threw the knight over his horse's crupper to the ground. And at the close of the day one of the chief knights came to fight with him, and he overthrew him also, so that he besought his mercy.

"Who art thou?" said Peredur.

"Verily," said he, "I am master of the household to the earl."

"And how much of the countess's possessions is there in thy power?"

"The third part verily," answered he.

"Then," said Peredur, "restore to her the third of her possessions in full, and all the profit thou hast made by them, and bring meat and drink for a hundred men, with their horses and arms, to her court this night. And thou shalt remain her captive unless she wish to take thy life."

And this he did forthwith. And that night the maiden was right joyful, and they fared plenteously.

And the next day Peredur rode forth to the meadow; and that day he vanquished a multitude of the host. And at the close of the day there came a proud and stately knight; and Peredur overthrew him, and he besought his mercy.

"Who art thou?" said Peredur.

"I am steward of the palace," said he.

"And how much of the maiden's possessions are under thy control?"

"One-third part," answered he.

"Verily," said Peredur, "thou shalt fully restore to the maiden her possessions; and, moreover, thou shalt give her meat and drink for two hundred men, and their horses and their arms. And, for thyself, thou shalt be her captive."

And immediately it was so done.

* * * * *

And the third day Peredur rode forth to the meadow; and he vanquished more that day than on either of the preceding. And at the close of the day an earl came to encounter him, and he overthrew him, and he besought his mercy.

"Who art thou?" said Peredur.

"I am the earl," said he. "I will not conceal it from thee."

"Verily," said Peredur, "thou shalt restore the whole of the maiden's earldom, and shalt give her thine own earldom in addition thereto, and meat and drink for three hundred men, and their horses and arms, and thou thyself shalt remain in her power."

And thus it was fulfilled. And Peredur tarried three weeks in the country, causing tribute and obedience to be paid to the maiden, and the government to be placed in her hands.

"With thy leave," said Peredur, "I will go hence."

"Verily, my brother, desirest thou this?"

"Yes, by my faith. And had it not been for love of thee, I should not have been here thus long."

"My soul," said she, "who art thou?"

"I am Peredur the son of Evrawc, from the North; and, if ever thou art in trouble or in danger, acquaint me therewith, and if I can I will protect thee."

So Peredur rode forth. And far thence there met him a lady, mounted on a horse that was lean and covered with sweat. And she saluted the youth.

"Whence comest thou, my sister?"

Then she told him the cause of her journey. Now she was the wife of the lord of the glade.

"Behold," said he, "I am the knight through whom thou art in trouble, and he shall repent it who has treated thee thus."

Thereupon, behold, a knight rode up, and he inquired of Peredur if he had seen a knight such as he was seeking.

"Hold thy peace," said Peredur. "I am he whom thou seekest. And by my faith thou deservest ill of thy household for thy treatment of the maiden, for she is innocent concerning me."

So they encountered; and they were not long in combat ere Peredur overthrew the knight, and he besought his mercy.

"Mercy thou shalt have," said Peredur, "so thou wilt return by the way thou camest, and declare that thou holdest the maiden innocent, and so that thou wilt acknowledge unto her the reverse thou hast sustained at my hands."

And the knight plighted him his faith thereto.

Then Peredur rode forward. And above him he beheld a castle, and thitherward he went. And he struck upon the gate with his lance, and then, behold, a comely auburn-haired youth opened the gate, and he had the stature of a warrior, and the years of a boy. And when Peredur came into the hall, there was a tall and stately lady sitting in a chair, and many handmaidens around her; and the lady rejoiced at his coming. And when it was time they went to meat. And after their repast was finished, "It were well for thee, chieftain," said she, "to go elsewhere to sleep."

"Wherefore can I not sleep here?" said Peredur.

"Nine sorceresses are here, my soul, of the sorceresses of Gloucester, and their father and their mother are with them; and unless we can make our escape before daybreak we shall be slain; and already they have conquered and laid waste all the country except this one dwelling."

"Behold," said Peredur, "I will remain here to-night, and if you are in trouble I will do you what service I can; but harm shall you not receive from me."

So they went to rest. And with the break of day Peredur heard a dreadful outcry. And he hastily arose, and went forth in his vest and his doublet, with his sword about his neck; and he saw a sorceress overtake one of the watch, who cried out violently. Peredur attacked the sorceress, and struck her upon the head with his sword so that he flattened her helmet and her headpiece like a dish upon her head.

"Thy mercy, goodly Peredur, son of Evrawc, and the mercy of Heaven!"

"How knowest thou, hag, that I am Peredur?"

"By destiny, and the foreknowledge that I should suffer harm from thee. And thou shalt take a horse and armor of me, and with me thou shalt go to learn chivalry and the use of thy arms."

Said Peredur, "Thou shalt have mercy, if thou pledge thy faith thou wilt never more injure the dominions of the countess."

And Peredur took surety of this, and with permission of the countess he set forth with the sorceress to the palace of the sorceresses. And there he remained for three weeks, and then he made choice of a horse and arms, and went his way.

And in the evening he entered a valley, and at the head of the valley he came to a hermit's cell, and the hermit welcomed him gladly; and there he spent the night. And in the morning he arose; and when he went forth, behold, a shower of snow had fallen the night before, and a hawk had killed a wild fowl in front of the cell. And the noise of the horse scared the hawk away, and a raven alighted upon the bird. And Peredur stood, and compared the blackness of the raven and the whiteness of the snow and the redness of the blood, to the hair of the lady that best he loved which was blacker than jet, and to her skin which was whiter than the snow, and to the two red spots upon her cheeks which were redder than the blood upon the snow appeared to be.

Now Arthur and his household were in search of Peredur. "Know ye," said Arthur, "who is the knight with the long spear, that stands by the brook up yonder?"

"Lord," said one of them, "I will go and learn who he is." So the youth came to the place where Peredur was, and asked him what he did thus, and who he was. And from the intensity with which he thought upon the lady whom best he loved, he gave him no answer. Then the youth thrust at Peredur with his lance; and Peredur turned upon him, and struck him over his horse's crupper to the ground. And after this, four and twenty youths came to him, and he did not answer one more than another, but gave the same reception to all, bringing them with one single thrust to the ground. And then came Kai, and spoke to Peredur rudely and angrily. And Peredur took him with his lance under the jaw, and cast him from him with a thrust, so that he broke his arm and his shoulder-blade, and he rode over him one and twenty times. And while he lay thus, stunned with the violence of the pain that he had suffered, his horse returned back at a wild and prancing pace. And when the household saw the horse come back without his rider, they rode forth in haste to the place where the encounter had been. And when they first came there they thought that Kai was slain; but they found that if he had a skilful physician he yet might live. And Peredur moved not from his meditation, on seeing the concourse that was around Kai. And Kai was brought to Arthur's tent, and Arthur caused skilful physicians to come to him. And Arthur was grieved that Kai had met with this reverse, for he loved him greatly.

"Then," said Gwalchmai, "it is not fitting that any should disturb an honorable knight from his thought unadvisedly; for either he is pondering some damage that he has sustained, or he is thinking of the lady whom best he loves. And through such ill-advised proceeding perchance this misadventure has befallen him who last met with him. And if it seem well to thee, lord, I will go and see if this knight has changed from his thought; and, if he has, I will ask him courteously to come and visit thee."

Then Kai was wrath, and he spoke angry and spiteful words. "Gwalchmai," said he, "I know that thou wilt bring him because he is fatigued. Little praise and honor, nevertheless, wilt thou have from vanquishing a weary knight who is tired with fighting. Yet thus hast thou gained the advantage over many. And, while thy speech and thy soft words last, a coat of thin linen were armor sufficient for thee, and thou wilt not need to break either lance or sword in fighting with the knight in the state he is in."

Then said Gwalchmai to Kai, "Thou mightest use more pleasant words, wert thou so minded; and it behooves thee not upon me to wreak thy wrath and thy displeasure. Methinks I shall bring the knight hither with me without breaking either my arm or my shoulder."

Then said Arthur to Gwalchmai, "Thou speakest like a wise and prudent man. Go, and take enough of armor about thee, and choose thy horse."

And Gwalchmai accoutred himself, and rode forward hastily to the place where Peredur was.

And Peredur was resting on the shaft of his spear, pondering the same thought; and Gwalchmai came to him without any signs of hostility, and said to him, "If I thought that it would be as agreeable to thee as it would be to me, I would converse with thee. I have also a message from Arthur unto thee, to pray thee to come and visit him. And two men have been before on this errand."

"That is true," said Peredur, "and uncourteously they came. They attacked me, and I was annoyed thereat; for it was not pleasing to me to be drawn from the thought that I was in, for I was thinking of the lady whom best I love, and thus was she brought to my mind: I was looking upon the snow, and upon the raven, and upon the drops of the blood of the bird that the hawk had killed upon the snow; and I bethought me that her whiteness was like that of the snow, and that the blackness of her hair and her eyebrows was like that of the raven, and that the two red spots upon her cheeks were like the two drops of blood."

Said Gwalchmai, "This was not an ungentle thought, and I should marvel if it were pleasant to thee to be drawn from it."

"Tell me," said Peredur, "is Kai in Arthur's court?"

"He is," said he. "And, behold, he is the knight that fought with thee last, and it would have been better for him had he not come; for his arm and his shoulder-blade were broken with the fall which he had from thy spear."

"Verily," said Peredur, "I am not sorry to have thus begun to avenge the insult to the dwarf and dwarfess."

Then Gwalchmai marvelled to hear him speak of the dwarf and the dwarfess. And he approached him, and threw his arms around his neck, and asked him what was his name.

"Peredur the son of Evrawc am I called," said he. "And thou--who art thou?"

"I am called Gwalchmai," he replied.

"I am right glad to meet with thee," said Peredur; "for in every country where I have been I have heard of thy fame for prowess and uprightness, and I solicit thy fellowship."

"Thou shalt have it, by my faith; and grant me thine," said he.

"Gladly will I do so," answered Peredur.

So they rode forth together joyfully towards the place where Arthur was; and, when Kai saw them coming, he said, "I knew that Gwalchmai needed not to fight the knight. And it is no wonder that he should gain fame: more can he do by his fair words than I by the strength of my arm."

And Peredur went with Gwalchmai to his tent, and they took off their armor. And Peredur put on garments like those that Gwalchmai wore, and they went together unto Arthur, and saluted him.

"Behold, lord," said Gwalchmai, "him whom thou hast sought so long."

"Welcome unto thee, chieftain!" said Arthur. "With me thou shalt remain; and, had I known thy valor had been such, thou shouldst not have left me as thou didst. Nevertheless, this was predicted of thee by the dwarf and the dwarfess, whom Kai ill treated, and whom thou hast avenged."

And hereupon, behold, there came the queen and her handmaidens; and Peredur saluted them. And they were rejoiced to see him, and bade him welcome. And Arthur did him great honor and respect. And they returned towards Caerlleon.

And the first night Peredur came to Caerlleon, to Arthur's court, and, as he walked in the city after his repast, behold, there met him Angharad Law Eurawc.

"By my faith, sister," said Peredur, "thou art a beauteous and lovely maiden; and were it pleasing to thee I could love thee above all women."

"I pledge my faith," said she, "that I do not love thee; nor will I ever do so."

"I also pledge my faith," said Peredur, "that I will never speak a word to any Christian again until thou come to love me above all men."

The next day Peredur went forth by the high road, along a mountain-ridge, and he saw a valley of a circular form, the confines of which were rocky and wooded. And the flat part of the valley was in meadows, and there were fields betwixt the meadows and the wood. And in the bosom of the wood he saw large black houses of uncouth workmanship. And he dismounted, and led his horse towards the wood. And a little way within the wood he saw a rocky ledge, along which the road lay. And upon the ledge was a lion bound by a chain, and sleeping. And beneath the lion he saw a deep pit of immense size, full of the bones of men and animals. And Peredur drew his sword, and struck the lion, so that he fell into the mouth of the pit, and hung there by the chain; and with a second blow he struck the chain, and broke it; and the lion fell into the pit. And Peredur led his horse over the rocky ledge until he came into the valley. And in the centre of the valley he saw a fair castle, and he went towards it. And in the meadow by the castle he beheld a huge gray man sitting, who was larger than any man he had ever before seen. And two young pages were shooting the hilts of their daggers, of the bone of the seahorse. And one of the pages had red hair, and the other auburn. And they went before him to the place where the gray man was, and Peredur saluted him. And the gray man said, "Disgrace to the beard of my porter!" Then Peredur understood that the porter was the lion. And the gray man and the pages went together into the castle, and Peredur accompanied them; and he found it a fair and noble place. And they proceeded to the hall, and the tables were already laid, and upon them was abundance of food and liquor. And thereupon he saw an aged woman and a young woman come from the chamber; and they were the most stately women he had ever seen. Then they washed and went to meat. And the gray man sat in the upper seat at the head of the table, and the aged woman next to him. And Peredur and the maiden were placed together, and the two young pages served them. And the maiden gazed sorrowfully upon Peredur, and Peredur asked the maiden wherefore she was sad.

"For thee, my soul; for, from when I first beheld thee, I have loved thee above all men. And it pains me to know that so gentle a youth as thou should have such a doom as awaits thee to-morrow. Sawest thou the numerous black houses in the bosom of the wood? All these belong to the vassals of the gray man yonder, who is my father. And they are all giants. And to-morrow they will rise up against thee, and will slay thee. And the Round Valley is this valley called."

"Listen, fair maiden: wilt thou contrive that my horse and arms be in the same lodging with me to-night?"

"Gladly will I cause it so to be, by Heaven, if I can."

And when it was time for them to sleep rather than to carouse they went to rest. And the maiden caused Peredur's horse and arms to be in the same lodging with him. And the next morning Peredur heard a great tumult of men and horses around the castle. And Peredur arose, and armed himself and his horse, and went to the meadow. Then the aged woman and the maiden came to the gray man. "Lord," said they, "take the word of the youth that he will never disclose what he has seen in this place, and we will be his sureties that he keep it."

"I will not do so, by my faith," said the gray man.

So Peredur fought with the host; and towards evening he had slain the one-third of them without receiving any hurt himself. Then said the aged woman, "Behold, many of thy host have been slain by the youth: do thou, therefore, grant him mercy."

"I will not grant it, by my faith," said he.

And the aged woman and the fair maiden were upon the battlements of the castle, looking forth. And at that juncture Peredur encountered the yellow-haired youth, and slew him.

"Lord," said the maiden, "grant the young man mercy."

"That will I not do, by Heaven," he replied.

And thereupon Peredur attacked the auburn-haired youth, and slew him likewise.

"It were better thou hadst accorded mercy to the youth before he had slain thy two sons; for now scarcely wilt thou thyself escape from him."

"Go, maiden, and beseech the youth to grant mercy unto us, for we yield ourselves into his hands."

So the maiden came to the place where Peredur was, and besought mercy for her father, and for all such of his vassals as had escaped alive.

"Thou shalt have it on condition that thy father and all that are under him go and render homage to Arthur, and tell him that it was his vassal Peredur that did him this service."

"This will we do willingly, by Heaven."

"And you shall also receive baptism. And I will send to Arthur, and beseech him to bestow this valley upon thee and upon thy heirs after thee forever."

Then they went in; and the gray man and the tall woman saluted Peredur. And the gray man said unto him, "Since I have possessed this valley, I have not seen any Christian depart with his life, save thyself. And we will go to do homage to Arthur, and to embrace the faith, and be baptized."

Then said Peredur, "To Heaven I render thanks that I have not broken my vow to the lady that best I love, which was, that I would not speak one word unto any Christian."

That night they tarried there. And the next day, in the morning, the gray man, with his company, set forth to Arthur's court. And they did homage unto Arthur, and he caused them to be baptized. And the gray man told Arthur that it was Peredur that had vanquished them. And Arthur gave the valley to the gray man and his company, to hold it of him as Peredur had besought. And with Arthur's permission the gray man went back to the Round Valley.

Peredur rode forward next day, and he traversed a vast tract of desert in which no dwellings were. And at length he came to a habitation mean and small. And there he heard that there was a serpent that lay upon a gold ring and suffered none to inhabit the country for seven miles around. And Peredur came to the place where he heard the serpent was. And angrily, furiously, and desperately fought he with the serpent; and at last he killed it, and took away the ring. And thus he was for a long time without speaking a word to any Christian. And therefrom he lost his color and his aspect, through extreme longing after the court of Arthur, and the society of the lady whom best he loved, and of his companions. Then he proceeded forward to Arthur's court; and on the road there met him Arthur's household going on a particular errand, with Kai at their head. And Peredur knew them all; but none of the household recognized him.

"Whence comest thou, chieftain?" said Kai. And this he asked him twice and three times, and he answered him not. And Kai thrust him through the thigh with his lance. And lest he should be compelled to speak, and to break his vow, he went on without stopping.

"Then," said Gwalchmai, "I declare to Heaven, Kai, that thou hast acted ill in committing such an outrage on a youth like this, who cannot speak."

And Gwalchmai returned back to Arthur's court. "Lady," said he to Gwenhwyvar, "seest thou how wicked an outrage Kai has committed upon this youth who cannot speak. For Heaven's sake and for mine, cause him to have medical care before I come back, and I will repay thee the charge."

And before the men returned from their errand, a knight came to the meadow beside Arthur's palace, to dare some one to the encounter. And his challenge was accepted; and Peredur fought with him, and overthrew him. And for a week he overthrew one knight every day.

And one day Arthur and his household were going to church, and they beheld a knight who had raised the signal for combat. "Verily," said Arthur, "by the valor of men I will not go hence until I have my horse and my arms to overthrow yonder boor." Then went the attendants to fetch Arthur's horse and arms. And Peredur met the attendants as they were going back, and he took the horse and arms from them, and proceeded to the meadow, and all those who saw him arise and go to do battle with the knight went upon the tops of the houses, and the mounds, and the high places, to behold the combat. And Peredur beckoned with his hand to the knight to commence the fight. And the knight thrust at him; but he was not thereby moved from where he stood. And Peredur spurred his horse, and ran at him wrathfully, furiously, fiercely, desperately, and with mighty rage, and he gave him a thrust, deadly-wounding, severe, furious, adroit, and strong under his jaw, and raised him out of his saddle, and cast him a long way from him. And Peredur went back, and left the horse and the arms with the attendant as before, and he went on foot to the palace.

Then Peredur went by the name of the Dumb Youth. And, behold, Angharad Law Eurawc met him. "I declare to Heaven, chieftain," said she, "woful is it that thou canst not speak; for, couldst thou speak, I would love thee best of all men. And, by my faith, although thou canst not, I do love thee above all."

"Heaven reward thee, my sister," said Peredur. "By my faith I also do love thee." Thereupon it was known that he was Peredur. And then he held fellowship with Gwalchmai, and Owain the son of Urien, and all the household; and he remained in Arthur's court.

* * * * *

Arthur was in Caerlleon-upon-Usk; and he went to hunt, and Peredur went with him. And Peredur let loose his dog upon a hart, and the dog killed the hart in a desert place. And a short space from him he saw signs of a dwelling, and towards the dwelling he went, and he beheld a hall, and at the door of the hall he found bald swarthy youths playing at chess. And when he entered he beheld three maidens sitting on a bench, and they were all clothed alike, as became persons of high rank. And he came and sat by them upon the bench; and one of the maidens looked steadfastly upon Peredur, and wept. And Peredur asked her wherefore she was weeping.

"Through grief that I should see so fair a youth as thou art slain."

"Who will slay me?" inquired Peredur.

"If thou art so daring as to remain here to-night, I will tell thee."

"How great soever my danger may be from remaining here, I will listen unto thee."

"This palace is owned by him who is my father," said the maiden; "and he slays every one who comes hither without his leave."

"What sort of a man is thy father, that he is able to slay every one thus?"

"A man who does violence and wrong unto his neighbors, and who renders justice unto none."

And hereupon he saw the youths arise, and clear the chessmen from the board. And he heard a great tumult. And after the tumult there came in a huge black one-eyed man, and the maidens arose to meet him. And they disarrayed him, and he went and sat down. And after he had rested and pondered a while, he looked at Peredur, and asked who the knight was.

"Lord," said one of the maidens, "he is the fairest and gentlest youth that ever thou didst see. And for the sake of Heaven and of thine own dignity, have patience with him."

"For thy sake I will have patience, and I will grant him his life this night."

Then Peredur came towards them to the fire, and partook of food and liquor, and entered into discourse with the ladies. And, being elated with the liquor, he said to the black man, "It is a marvel to me, so mighty as thou sayest thou art, who could have put out thine eye."

"It is one of my habits," said the black man, "that whosoever puts to me the question which thou hast asked shall not escape with his life, either as a free gift or for a price."

"Lord," said the maiden, "whatsoever he may say to thee in jest, and through the excitement of liquor, make good that which thou saidst, and didst promise me just now."

"I will do so gladly, for thy sake," said he. "Willingly will I grant him his life this night."

And that night thus they remained.

And the next day the black man got up, and put on his armor, and said to Peredur, "Arise, man, and suffer death."

And Peredur said unto him, "Do one of two things, black man: if thou wilt fight with me, either throw off thy own armor, or give arms to me, that I may encounter thee."

"Ha, man!" said he. "Couldst thou fight if thou hadst arms? Take, then, what arms thou dost choose."

And thereupon the maiden came to Peredur with such arms as pleased him; and he fought with the black man, and forced him to crave his mercy.

"Black man, thou shalt have mercy, provided thou tell me who thou art, and who put out thine eye."

"Lord, I will tell thee. I lost it in fighting with the black serpent of the carn. There is a mound which is called the Mound of Mourning; and on the mound there is a carn, and in the carn there is a serpent, and on the tail of the serpent there is a stone, and the virtues of the stone are such, that whosoever should hold it in one hand, in the other he will have as much gold as he may desire. And in fighting with this serpent was it that I lost my eye. And the Black Oppressor am I called. And for this reason I am called the Black Oppressor, that there is not a single man around me whom I have not oppressed; and justice have I done unto none."

"Tell me," said Peredur, "how far is it hence?"

"The same day that thou settest forth, thou wilt come to the palace of the Sons of the King of the Tortures."

"Wherefore are they called thus?"

"The Addanc of the lake slays them once every day. When thou goest thence, thou wilt come to the court of the Countess of the Achievements."

"What achievements are there?" asked Peredur.