Chapter X (1)

Walpole’s love of English Scenery.--Richmond Hill.--Burke on
the French Revolution.--The Berrys at Florence.--Death of
George Selwyn.--London Solitude.--Repairs at Cliveden.--Burke
and Fox.--The Countess of Albany.--Journal of a Day.--Mrs.
Hobart’s Party.--Ancient Trade with India.--Lady Hamilton.--A
Boat Race.--Return of the Berrys.--Horace succeeds to the
Peerage.--Epitaphium Vivi Auctoris.--His Wives.--Mary
Berry.--Closing Years.--Love of Moving Objects.--Visit
from Queen Charlotte.--Death of Conway.--Final Illness of
Horace.--His Last Letter.

It cannot, we fear, be said with truth that Walpole had much eye for the greater beauties of nature. When he recalls the travels of his youth, it is on the Gallery at Florence and the Fair of Reggio that his memory dwells, rather than on his ride to the Grande Chartreuse or his visit to Naples. But of the modest charms of English scenery he had a real and thorough enjoyment. The enthusiasm expressed in his Essay on “Modern Gardening” has a more genuine ring about it than is often found in his writings. In reading it, one does not doubt that his praises of “the rich blue prospects of Kent, the Thames-watered views in Berkshire, and the magnificent scale of nature in Yorkshire,” were something more than compliments to friends who happened to have seats in those districts. Yet there was one spot which he admired more than even these captivating scenes. At the bottom of his heart, he was persuaded that no stream in the world could compare with his own reaches of the Thames, nor any mountain or hill with Richmond Hill. And what he believed in his heart, he was not always slow to proclaim with mouth and pen. Thus in describing the effects of a tempest, he writes: “The greatest ruin is at my nephew Dysart’s at Ham, where five-and-thirty of the old elms are blown down. I think it is no loss, as I hope now one shall see the river from the house. He never would cut a twig to see the most beautiful scene upon earth.” Again, after visiting Oatlands, then recently purchased by the Duke of York, Horace says: “I am returned to my own Thames with delight, and envy none of the princes of the earth.” He sneers bitterly at Mr. Gilpin, who “despised the richness, verdure, amenity of Richmond Hill, when he had seen rocks and lakes in the north; for size and distance of place add wonderfully to loveliness.” And when he is trying to coax his Straw-Berries home from Florence, he tells them there is not an acre on the banks of the Thames that should vail the bonnet to Boboli. With the exception of an occasional visit paid during the absence of these ladies to Conway at Henley, the six last summers and autumns of Walpole’s life seem to have been spent almost uninterruptedly at Twickenham. Some little time after Mrs. Clive’s death, Cliveden, or Little Strawberry Hill, was let for a short time to Sir Robert Goodere; but it seems that, before his young friends left England, Horace had determined, on their return, to give Miss Berry and her sister this house for their lives, that he might have them constantly near him. The design succeeded. Mary and Agnes became attached to the place; it continued to be their country residence for many years; and when, after surviving their aged admirer for more than half a century, they died, both unmarried, within a few months of each other, they were buried in one grave in Petersham churchyard, opposite Twickenham, “amidst scenes,” as their epitaph records, “which in life they had frequented and loved.”

After despatching the farewell letter given at the end of our last chapter, Walpole lingered at Strawberry Hill, consoling himself with the society of Richmond, and with Burke’s “Reflections on the Revolution in France.” The shock of that earthquake had already made him half a Tory, and he welcomed the great orator’s declamation with delight. “His pamphlet,” he tells Miss Berry, “came out this day se’nnight, and is far superior to what was expected, even by his warmest admirers. I have read it twice, and though of three hundred and fifty pages, I wish I could repeat every page by heart. It is sublime, profound, and gay. The wit and satire are equally brilliant; and the whole is wise, though in some points he goes too far; yet in general there is far less want of judgment than could be expected from _him_. If it could be translated, which, from the wit and metaphors and allusions, is almost impossible, I should think it would be a classic book in all countries, except in _present_ France. To their tribunes it speak daggers; though, unlike them, it uses none. Seven thousand copies have been taken off by the booksellers already, and a new edition is preparing. I hope you will see it soon.” In a subsequent letter to both his favourites, dated Strawberry Hill, Nov. 27, 1790, he says: “I am still here: the weather, though very rainy, is quite warm; and I have much more agreeable society at Richmond, with small companies and better hours, than in town, and shall have till after Christmas, unless great cold drives me thither.” Two days later, having heard of the arrival of the Berrys at Florence, he writes to Agnes:

“Though I write to both at once, and reckon your letters to
come equally from both, yet I delight in seeing your hand with
a pen as well as with a pencil, and you express yourself as
well with the one as with the other. Your part in that which I
have been so happy as to receive this moment, has singularly
obliged me, by your having saved me the terror of knowing you
had a torrent to cross after heavy rain. No cat is so afraid
of water for herself, as I am grown to be for you. That panic,
which will last for many months, adds to my fervent desire
of your returning early in the autumn, that you may have
neither fresh water nor the ‘silky’ ocean to cross in winter.
Precious as our insular situation is, I am ready to wish with
the Frenchman, that you could somehow or other get to it by
land,--‘Oui, c’est une isle toujours, je le sçais bien; mais,
par exemple, en allant d’alentour, n’y auroit-il pas moyen d’y
arriver par terre?’…

“Richmond, my metropolis, flourishes exceedingly. The Duke
of Clarence arrived at his palace there last night, between
eleven and twelve, as I came from Lady Douglas. His eldest
brother and Mrs. Fitzherbert dine there to-day with the Duke
of Queensberry, as his Grace, who called here this morning,
told me, on the very spot where lived Charles the First,
and where are the portraits of his principal courtiers from
Cornbury. Queensberry has taken to that palace at last, and has
frequently company and music there in an evening. I intend to
go.”

He was detained in the country longer than he had intended by an attack of gout; on his return to town he announces his recovery to Lady Ossory.

“Berkeley Square, Jan. 28, 1791.

“You and Lord Ossory have been so very good to me, Madam, that
I must pay you the first tribute of my poor reviving fingers--I
believe they never will be their own men again; but as they
have lived so long in your Ladyship’s service, they shall show
their attachment to the last, like Widdrington on his stumps.
I have had another and grievous memento, the death of poor
Selwyn! His end was lovely, most composed and rational. From
eight years old I had known him intimately without a cloud
between us; few knew him so well, and consequently few knew
so well the goodness of his heart and nature. But I will say
no more--_Mon Chancelier vous dira le reste._[121]--No, my
chancellor shall put an end to the session, only concluding, as
Lord Bacon would have done for King James, with an apologue,
‘His Majesty’s recovery has turned the corner, and exceeding
the old fable, has proved that the stomach can do better
without the limbs than they could without him.’”

About the same date he describes his life in London to the Berrys:

“I wish that complaining of people for abandoning me were an
infallible recipe for bringing them _back_! but I doubt it
will not do in acute cases. To-day, a few hours after writing
the latter part of this, appeared Mr. Batt.[122] He asked many
pardons, and I easily forgave him; for the _mortification_
was not begun. He asked much after you both. I had a crowd
of visits besides; but they all come past two o’clock, and
sweep one another away before any can take root. My evenings
are solitary enough, for I ask nobody to come; nor, indeed,
does anybody’s evening begin till I am going to bed. I have
outlived daylight as well as my contemporaries. What have I
not survived? The Jesuits and the monarchy of France! and
both without a struggle! Semiramis seems to intend to add
Constantinople to the mass of revolutions; but is not her
permanence almost as wonderful as the contrary explosions! I
wish--I wish we may not be actually flippancying ourselves
into an embroil with that Ursa-major of the North Pole. What
a vixen little island are we, if we fight with the Aurora
Borealis and Tippoo Saib at the end of Asia at the same time!
You, damsels, will be like the end of the conundrum,

“‘You’ve seen the man who saw these wondrous sights.’

“I cannot finish this with my own hand, for the gout has
returned a little into my right arm and wrist, and I am not
quite so well as I was yesterday; but I had said my say, and
have little to add. The Duchess of Gordon, t’other night,
coming out of an assembly, said to Dundas, ‘Mr. Dundas, you are
used to speak in public; will you call my servant?’… Adieu! I
will begin to write again myself as soon as I can.”

In the middle of March he wrote from Strawberry Hill to Miss Berry: “As I have mended considerably for the last four days, and as we have had a fortnight of soft warm weather, and a south-west wind to-day, I have ventured hither for a change of air, and to give orders about some repairs at Cliveden; which, by the way, Mr. Henry Bunbury, two days ago, proposed to take off my hands for his life. I really do not think I accepted his offer.” All the spring he vibrates between London and Twickenham. He writes again from the latter place to Miss Berry towards the end of April:

“To-day, when the town is staring at the sudden resignation of
the Duke of Leeds,[123] asking the reason, and gaping to know
who will succeed him, I am come hither with an indifference
that might pass for philosophy; as the true cause is not known,
which it seldom is. Don’t tell Europe; but I really am come
to look at the repairs of Cliveden, and how they go on; not
without an eye to the lilacs and the apple-blossoms: for even
_self_ can find a corner to wriggle into, though friendship may
fit out the vessel. Mr. Berry may, perhaps, wish I had more
political curiosity; but as I must return to town on Monday for
Lord Cholmondeley’s wedding, I may hear before the departure of
the post, if the seals are given.”

Among the letters written to Miss Berry from town during this season, one gives an account of the famous quarrel between Burke and Fox in the House of Commons:

“Mr. Fox had most imprudently thrown out a panegyric on the
French Revolution. His most considerable friends were much
hurt, and protested to him against such sentiments. Burke went
much farther, and vowed to attack these opinions. Great pains
were taken to prevent such altercation, and the Prince of Wales
is said to have written a dissuasive letter to Burke; but he
was immovable; and on Friday, on the Quebec Bill, he broke out,
and sounded a trumpet against the plot, which he denounced
as carrying on here. Prodigious clamours and interruption
arose from Mr. Fox’s friends; but he, though still applauding
the French, burst into tears and lamentations on the loss of
Burke’s friendship, and endeavoured to make atonement; but
in vain, though Burke wept too. In short, it was the most
affecting scene possible; and undoubtedly an _unique_ one, for
both the commanders were earnest and _sincere_.[124] Yesterday,
a second act was expected; but mutual friends prevailed, that
the contest should not be renewed: nay, on the same Bill, Mr.
Fox made a profession of his faith, and declared he would
venture his life in support of the _present_ constitution by
Kings, Lords, and Commons. In short, I never knew a wiser
dissertation, if the newspapers deliver it justly; and I think
all the writers in England cannot give more profound sense to
Mr. Fox than he possesses. I know no more particulars, having
seen nobody this morning yet.”

Another refers to the trial of Hastings, and sundry matters of public interest:

“After several weeks spent in search of precedents for
trials[125] ceasing or not on a dissolution of Parliament,
the Peers on Monday sat till three in the morning on the
report; when the Chancellor and Lord Hawkesbury fought for the
cessation, but were beaten by a large majority; which showed
that Mr. Pitt has more weight (at present) in that House too,
than--the diamonds of Bengal. Lord Hawkesbury protested. The
trial recommences on Monday next, and has already cost the
public fourteen thousand pounds; the accused, I suppose, much
more.

“The Countess of Albany[126] is not only in England, in
London, but at this very moment, I believe, in the palace of
St. James’s--not restored by as rapid a revolution as the
French, but, as was observed last night at supper at Lady
Mount-Edgcumbe’s, by that topsy-turvy-hood that characterises
the present age. Within these two months the Pope has been
burnt at Paris; Madame du Barry, mistress of Louis Quinze,
has dined with the Lord Mayor of London, and the Pretender’s
widow is presented to the Queen of Great Britain! She is to be
introduced by her great-grandfather’s niece, the young Countess
of Aylesbury. That curiosity should bring her hither, I do
not quite wonder--still less, that she abhorred her husband;
but methinks it is not very well-bred to his family, nor very
sensible; but a new way of _passing eldest_.[127]

“Thursday night.

“Well! I have had an exact account of the interview of the
two Queens, from one who stood close to them. The Dowager was
announced as Princess of Stolberg. She was well-dressed, and
not at all embarrassed. The King talked to her a good deal;
but about her passage, the sea, and general topics: the Queen
in the same way, but less. Then she stood between the Dukes of
Gloucester and Clarence, and had a good deal of conversation
with the former; who, perhaps, may have met her in Italy. Not
a word between her and the Princesses; nor did I hear of the
Prince; but he was there, and probably spoke to her. The Queen
looked at her earnestly. To add to the singularity of the day,
it is the Queen’s birth-day. Another odd accident: at the Opera
at the Pantheon, Madame d’Albany was carried into the King’s
box, and sat there. It is not of a piece with her going to
Court, that she seals with the royal arms.…

“Boswell has at last published his long-promised ‘Life of Dr.
Johnson,’ in two volumes in quarto. I will give you an account
of it when I have gone through it. I have already perceived,
that in writing the history of Hudibras, Ralpho has not forgot
himself--nor will others, I believe, forget _him_!”

The next is also to Miss Berry:

“Berkeley Square, May 26, 1791.

“I am rich in letters from you: I received that by Lord Elgin’s
courier first, as you expected, and its elder the next day. You
tell me mine entertain you; _tant mieux_. It is my wish, but
my wonder; for I live so little in the world, that I do not
know the present generation by sight: for, though I pass by
them in the streets, the hats with valences, the folds above
the chin of the ladies, and the dirty shirts and shaggy hair
of the young men, who have levelled nobility almost as much as
the mobility of France have, have confounded all individuality.
Besides, if I did go to public places and assemblies, which
my going to roost earlier prevents, the bats and owls do not
begin to fly abroad till far in the night, when they begin to
see and be seen. However, one of the empresses of fashion,
the Duchess of Gordon, uses fifteen or sixteen hours of her
four-and-twenty. I heard her journal of last Monday. She first
went to Handel’s music in the Abbey; she then clambered over
the benches, and went to Hastings’s trial in the Hall; after
dinner, to the play; then to Lady Lucan’s assembly; after that
to Ranelagh, and returned to Mrs. Hobart’s faro-table; gave a
ball herself in the evening of that morning, into which she
must have got a good way; and set out for Scotland the next
day. Hercules could not have achieved a quarter of her labours
in the same space of time.”

Before the middle of June he is settled at Twickenham. He condoles with the Berrys:

“Strawberry Hill, June 14, 1791.

“I pity you! what a dozen or fifteen uninteresting letters
are you going to receive! for here I am, unlikely to have
anything to tell you worth sending. You had better come back
incontinently--but pray do not prophesy any more; you have
been the death of our summer, and we are in close mourning for
it in coals and ashes. It froze hard last night: I went out
for a moment to look at my haymakers, and was starved. The
contents of an English June are, hay and ice, orange-flowers
and rheumatisms! I am now cowering over the fire. Mrs. Hobart
had announced a rural breakfast at Sans-Souci last Saturday;
nothing being so pastoral as a fat grandmother in a row of
houses on Ham Common. It rained early in the morning: she
despatched post-boys, for want of Cupids and zephyrs, to stop
the nymphs and shepherds who tend their flocks in Pall Mall and
St. James’s Street; but half of them missed the couriers and
arrived. Mrs. Montagu was more splendid yesterday morning, and
breakfasted seven hundred persons on opening her great room,
and the room with the hangings of feathers.[128] The King and
Queen had been with her last week. I should like to have heard
the orations she had prepared on the occasion. I was neither
City-mouse nor Country-mouse. I did dine at Fulham on Saturday
with the Bishop of London [Porteus]. Mrs. Boscawen, Mrs.
Garrick, and Hannah More were there; and Dr. Beattie, whom I
had never seen. He is quiet, simple, and cheerful, and pleased
me. There ends my tale, this instant Tuesday! How shall I fill
a couple of pages more by Friday morning! Oh! ye ladies on the
Common, and ye uncommon ladies in London, have pity on a poor
gazetteer, and supply me with eclogues or royal panegyrics!
Moreover--or rather more under--I have had no letter from you
these ten days, though the east wind has been as constant as
Lord Derby.[129] I say not this in reproach, as you are so
kindly punctual; but as it stints me from having a single
paragraph to answer. I do not admire specific responses to
every article; but they are great resources on a dearth.

“Madame de Boufflers is ill of a fever, and the Duchesse de
Biron goes next week to Switzerland;--_mais qu’est que cela
vous fait?_”

“June 23, 1791.

“Woe is me! I have not an atom of news to send you, but that
the second edition of Mother Hubbard’s Tale [Mrs. Hobart’s
party] was again spoiled on Saturday last by the rain; yet
she had an ample assemblage of company from London and the
neighbourhood. The late Queen of France, Madame du Barry, was
there; and the late Queen of England, Madame d’Albany, was not.
The former, they say, is as much altered as her kingdom, and
does not retain a trace of her former powers. I saw her on a
throne in the chapel of Versailles; and though then pleasing in
face and person, I thought her _un peu passée_.

“What shall I tell you more? that Lord Hawkesbury is added to
the Cabinet-Council--_que vous importe_? and that Dr. Robertson
has published a ‘Disquisition into the Trade of the Ancients
with India;’ a sensible work--but that will be no news to you
till you return. It was a peddling trade in those days. They
now and then picked up an elephant’s tooth, or a nutmeg, or one
pearl, that served Venus for a pair of pendants, when Antony
had toasted Cleopatra in a bumper of its fellow; which shows
that a couple was imported: but, alack! the Romans were so
ignorant, that waiters from the Tres Tabernæ, in St. Apollo’s
Street, did not carry home sacks of diamonds enough to pave the
Capitol--I hate exaggerations, and therefore I do not say, to
pave the Appian Way. One author, I think, does say, that the
wife of Fabius Pictor, whom he sold to a Proconsul, did present
Livia[130] with an ivory bed, inlaid with Indian gold; but,
as Dr. Robertson does not mention it, to be sure he does not
believe the fact well authenticated.”

_Mrs. Montagu._]

In one of our last extracts, Walpole refers to some of the French exiles, who were now assembled in large numbers at Richmond. Shortly afterwards came the news of the escape and recapture of the French King and Queen. Horace writes, “I have been very much with the wretched fugitives at Richmond. To them it is perfect despair; besides trembling for their friends at Paris!” Nevertheless, their distresses did not prevent them from taking part in the gaieties of Richmond:

“Berkeley Square, Tuesday, Aug. 23, 1791.

“On Saturday evening I was at the Duke of Queensberry’s
(at Richmond, _s’entend_) with a small company: and there
were Sir William Hamilton and Mrs. Harte;[131] who, on the
3rd of next month, previous to their departure, is to be
made Madame l’Envoyée à Naples, the Neapolitan Queen having
promised to receive her in that quality. Here she cannot be
presented, where only such over-virtuous wives as the Duchess
of Kingston and Mrs. Hastings--who could go with a husband in
each hand--are admitted. Why the Margravine of Anspach, with
the same pretensions, was not, I do not understand; perhaps
she did not attempt it. But I forget to retract, and make
_amende honorable_ to Mrs. Harte. I had only heard of her
attitudes; and those, in dumb show, I have not yet seen. Oh!
but she sings admirably; has a very fine, strong voice; is an
excellent buffa, and an astonishing tragedian. She sung Nina in
the highest perfection; and there her attitudes were a whole
theatre of grace and various expressions.

“The next evening I was again at Queensberry House, where
the Comtesse Emilie de Boufflers played on her harp, and
the Princesse di Castelcigala, the Neapolitan minister’s
wife, danced one of her country dances, with castanets, very
prettily, with her husband. Madame du Barry was there too, and
I had a good deal of frank conversation with her about Monsieur
de Choiseul; having been at Paris at the end of his reign and
at the beginning of hers, and of which I knew so much by my
intimacy with the Duchesse de Choiseul.

“On Monday was the boat-race. I was in the great room at
the Castle, with the Duke of Clarence, Lady Di, Lord Robert
Spencer, and the House of Bouverie, to see the boats start
from the bridge to Thistleworth, and back to a tent erected on
Lord Dysart’s meadow, just before Lady Di’s windows; whither
we went to see them arrive, and where we had breakfast. For
the second heat, I sat in my coach on the bridge; and did not
stay for the third. The day had been coined on purpose, with
my favourite south-east wind. The scene, both up the river and
down, was what only Richmond upon earth can exhibit. The crowds
on those green velvet meadows and on the shores, the yachts,
barges, pleasure and small boats, and the windows and gardens
lined with spectators, were so delightful, that when I came
home from that vivid show, I thought Strawberry looked as dull
and solitary as a hermitage. At night there was a ball at the
Castle, and illuminations, with the Duke’s cypher, etc., in
coloured lamps, as were the houses of his Royal Highness’s
tradesmen. I went again in the evening to the French ladies on
the Green, where there was a bonfire; but, you may believe, not
to the ball.”

At the end of September, Walpole writes to Hannah More:

“I thank you most cordially for your inquiry after _my_ wives.
I am in the utmost perplexity of mind about them; torn between
hopes and fears. I believe them set out from Florence on their
return since yesterday se’ennight, and consequently feel
all the joy and impatience of expecting them in five or six
weeks: but then, besides fears of roads, bad inns, accidents,
heats and colds, and the sea to cross in November at last,
all my satisfaction is dashed by the uncertainty whether
they come through Germany or France. I have advised, begged,
implored, that it may not be through those Iroquois, Lestryons,
Anthropophagi, the Franks; and then, hearing passports were
abolished, and the roads more secure, I half consented, as they
wished it, and the road is much shorter; and then I repented,
and have contradicted myself again. And now I know not which
route they will take; nor shall enjoy any comfort from the
thoughts of their return, till they are returned safe.

“I am happy at and honour Miss Burney’s resolution in casting
away golden, or rather gilt chains: others, out of vanity,
would have worn them till they had eaten into the bone. On
that charming young woman’s chapter[132] I agree with you
perfectly.”

Shortly after the date of the last letter, the Berrys were back in England. Their stay in Italy, which had been determined partly by motives of economy, was shortened in consequence of Walpole’s eagerness for their return. In his anxiety, he entreated them to draw on his bankers in case of any financial difficulty; and in November, 1791, he had the satisfaction of installing them at Little Strawberry Hill. This was not accomplished without some vexation both to him and them. An ill-natured rumour, which found its way into the newspapers, attributing the attachment shown by the Berry family for Walpole to interested motives, aroused the indignation of Miss Berry, and for the moment threatened to produce an estrangement. The cloud, however, blew over: the intimacy was resumed, and in a subsequent letter to the sisters, the old man expresses his gratitude at finding that they could bear to pass half their time with an antediluvian without discovering any ennui or disgust.

Almost immediately after he had recovered the Berrys, Walpole became Earl of Orford by the death of his nephew. He refers to this event, and his feelings respecting it, in the following letter to Lady Ossory:

“Berkeley Square, Dec. 10, 1791.

“Your Ladyship has so long accustomed me to your goodness
and partiality, that I am not surprised at your being kind
on an occasion that is generally productive of satisfaction.
That is not quite the case with me. Years ago, a title would
have given me no pleasure, and at any time the management of
a landed estate, which I am too ignorant to manage, would
have been a burthen. That I am now to possess, should it
prove a considerable acquisition to my fortune, which I much
doubt, I would not purchase at the rate of the three weeks
of misery which I have suffered, and which made me very ill,
though I am now quite recovered. It is a story much too full
of circumstances, and too disagreeable to me to be couched
in a letter; some time or other I may perhaps be at leisure
and composed enough to relate in general.--At present I have
been so overwhelmed with business that I am now writing these
few lines as fast as I can, to save the post, as none goes
to-morrow, and I should be vexed not to thank your Ladyship and
Lord Ossory by the first that departs. As, however, I owe it to
you and to my poor nephew, I will just say that I am perfectly
content. He has given me the whole Norfolk estate, heavily
charged, I believe, but that is indifferent. I had reason
to think that he had disgraced, by totally omitting me--but
unhappy as his intellects often were, and beset as he was by
miscreants, he has restored me to my birth-right, and I shall
call myself obliged to him, and be grateful to his memory, as
I am to your Ladyship, and shall be, as I have so long been,
your devoted servant, by whatever name I may be forced to call
myself.”

This letter has no signature. The writer for some time rarely used his new title when he could avoid it. Some of his letters after his succession to the peerage are signed “the late H. W.,” and some, “the uncle of the late Earl of Orford.” In 1792, he wrote the following “Epitaphium vivi Auctoris:”

“An estate and an earldom at seventy-four!
Had I sought them or wished them ’twould add one fear more,
That of making a countess when almost fourscore.
But Fortune, who scatters her gifts out of season,
Though unkind to my limbs, has still left me my reason,
And whether she lowers or lifts me I’ll try,
In the plain simple style I have lived in, to die:
For ambition too humble, for meanness too high.”

He could not escape the suspicion of having meditated the folly referred to in these lines. His much talked of devotion to his “sweet damsels” rendered this impossible. There is a tradition, handed down by the Lord Lansdowne of the last generation, that he would have gone through the ceremony of marriage with either sister, to make sure of their society, and confer rank and fortune on the family; as he had the power of charging the Orford estate with a jointure of £2,000 a year. There is just so much evidence in support of this story that he does appear to have avowed in society his readiness to do this for Mary Berry, who was clearly the object of his preference. But he does not seem to have ever made any such proposal to her, nor even to have spoken to her on the subject. In a letter to a friend written at the time, Miss Berry says: “Although I have no doubt that Lord Orford said to Lady D. every word that she repeated--for last winter, at the time the C’s.[133] talked about the matter, he went about saying all this and more to everybody that would hear him--but I always thought it rather to frighten and punish them than seriously wishing it himself. And why should he? when, without the ridicule or the trouble of a marriage, he enjoys almost as much of my society, and every comfort from it, that he could in the nearest connexion?” Walpole was almost certainly of the same opinion as Miss Berry. He would have shrunk from the lasting stigma of a marriage, though he was content to bear passing jests which, perhaps, the attention of his young friends rendered even agreeable. In May, 1792, he writes to Lady Ossory:

“I am indeed much obliged for the transcript of the letter
on my ‘Wives.’ Miss Agnes has a _finesse_ in her eyes and
countenance that does not propose itself to you, but is very
engaging on observation, and has often made herself preferred
to her sister, who has the most exactly fine features, and
only wants colour to make her face as perfect as her graceful
person; indeed neither has good health nor the air of it. Miss
Mary’s eyes are grave, but she is not so herself; and, having
much more application than her sister, she converses readily,
and with great intelligence, on all subjects. Agnes is more
reserved, but her compact sense very striking, and always to
the purpose. In short, they are extraordinary beings, and I am
proud of my partiality for them; and since the ridicule can
only fall on me, and not on them, I care not a straw for its
being said that I am in love with one of them--people shall
choose which: it is as much with both as either, and I am
infinitely too old to regard the _qu’en dit on_.”

Nothing could be more sentimental than Walpole’s language to and about these ladies, but his admiration and regard for them were rational enough. There was no dotage in the praises he lavished on their attractions and accomplishments. However much of their first social success may have been due to him, they proved able to perpetuate and extend it by their personal qualities alone, without the aid of large fortune or family connexion. And the tenor of his latest letters seems to show that this old man of the world derived benefit as well as amusement from their conversation. Their refinement and unpresuming moral worth were perhaps the highest influences to which his worn brain and heart were susceptible. One cannot help remarking that the respect with which he treats Mary Berry is a much stronger feeling than that which he displays for Hannah More. Though a good deal younger, Miss Berry had travelled more, and seen more of society, than the excellent schoolmistress from the West of England; and with this more varied experience came wider sympathies and larger toleration. Madam Hannah’s fervent desires for the improvement of her friends, though always manifest, were not always accompanied by skill to make her little homilies acceptable. Her letters to Walpole betray some consciousness of a deficiency in this respect, and her embarrassment was not lost upon “the pleasant Horace,” as she called her correspondent. He complained of the too great civility and cold complimentality of her style. The lady of Cowslip Green, who dedicated small poems to him, adorned her letters with literary allusions, and dropped occasional hints for his benefit, was always, in his eyes, a blue-stocking; and this the ladies of Cliveden never were. He was incessantly divided between his wish to treat the elder lady with deference, and a mischievous inclination to startle her notions of propriety. When he is tempted to transgress, he checks himself in some characteristic phrase: “I could titter _à plusieurs reprises_; but I am too old to be improper, and you are too modest to be _impropered_ to.” But the temptation presently returns. In short, Walpole subscribed to Miss More’s charities, echoed her denunciations of the slave-trade, applauded her Cheap Repository Tracts, and was ever Saint Hannah’s most sincere friend and humble servant; but he could not help indemnifying himself now and then by a smile at her effusive piety and bustling benevolence. On the other hand, the entire and unqualified respect which Lord Orford entertained for Miss Berry’s abilities and character was shown, not merely by the particular expressions of affection and esteem so profusely scattered through his letters to her, and by the whole tone of the correspondence between them, but still more decisively by the circumstance that he entrusted to her the care of preparing a posthumous edition of his works, and bequeathed to her charge all necessary papers for that purpose. This he did in fact, for though in his will he appointed her father[134] as his editor, it was well understood that that was merely a device to avoid the publication of her name, and the task was actually performed by her alone.

During the rest of Walpole’s life, three-fourths of each year were spent by him in constant association with the Berrys either at Twickenham or in London. The months which they employed in visits to other friends or to watering-places, he passed for the most part at Strawberry Hill, sending forth constant letters to Yorkshire, Cheltenham, Broadstairs, or where-ever else his wives might be staying. He laughs at his own assiduity. “I put myself in mind of a scene in one of Lord Lansdowne’s plays, where two ladies being on the stage, and one going off, the other says, ‘Heaven, she is gone! Well, I must go and write to her.’ This was just my case yesterday.” The postman at Cheltenham complained of being broken down by the continual arrival of letters from Twickenham. At other times, Walpole’s pen was now comparatively idle. When in town, he beguiled the hours as best he could with the customers who still resorted to his coffee-house to discuss the news of the day. But he generally preferred his villa till quite the end of autumn. “What could I do with myself in London?” he asks Miss Berry. “All my playthings are here, and I have no playfellows left there! Reading composes little of my pastime either in town or country. A catalogue of books and prints, or a dull history of a county, amuse me sufficiently; for now I cannot open a French book, as it would keep alive ideas that I want to banish from my thoughts.” At Strawberry, accordingly, he remained, trifling with his endless store of medals and engravings, and watching from his windows the traffic up and down the Thames. He has expressed his fondness for moving objects in a passage dated in December, 1793:

“I am glad Lord and Lady Warwick are pleased with their new
villa [at Isleworth]: it is a great favourite with me. In my
brother’s time [Sir Edward W.’s] I used to sit with delight
in the bow-window in the great room, for besides the lovely
scene of Richmond, with the river, park, and barges, there
is an incessant ferry for foot passengers between Richmond
and Isleworth, just under the Terrace; and on Sundays Lord
Shrewsbury pays for all the Catholics that come to his chapel
from the former to the latter, and Mrs. Keppel has counted
an hundred in one day, at a penny each. I have a passion for
seeing passengers, provided they do pass; and though I have
the river, the road, and two foot-paths before my Blue Room
at Strawberry, I used to think my own house dull whenever I
came from my brother’s. Such a partiality have I for moving
objects, that in advertisements of country-houses I have
thought it a recommendation when there was a N.B. of _three
stage-coaches pass by the door every day_. On the contrary, I
have an aversion to a park, and especially for a walled park,
in which the capital event is the coming of the cows to water.
A park-wall with ivy on it and fern near it, and a back parlour
in London in summer, with a dead creeper and a couple of sooty
sparrows, are my strongest ideas of melancholy solitude. _A
pleasing melancholy_ is a very august personage, but not at all
good company.”

This love of life and society clung to him till the end. Notwithstanding his crippled condition, he entertained the Duchess of York at Strawberry Hill in the autumn of 1793, and received a visit from Queen Charlotte there as late as the summer of 1795. He was probably honest in disclaiming all vanity at being the poorest Earl in England. When pressed by Lady Ossory to take his seat in the House of Peers, he replied: “I know that having determined never to take that unwelcome seat, I should only make myself ridiculous by fancying it could _signify_ a straw whether I take it or not. If I have anything of character, it must dangle on my being consistent. I quitted and abjured Parliament near twenty years ago: I never repented, and I will not contradict myself now.” If, however, there was any occasion on which his earldom gave him pleasure, it was undoubtedly when the Seneschal of Strawberry Castle was to do homage to Royal guests. Referring to Macaulay’s taunt that Walpole had the soul of a gentleman usher, Miss Berry remarks that the critic only repeated what Lord Orford often said of himself, that from his knowledge of old ceremonials and etiquettes he was sure that in a former state of existence he must have been a gentleman usher about the time of Elizabeth. Walpole sends Conway a brief account of the Queen’s visit:

“Strawberry Hill, July 2, 1795.

“As you are, or have been, in town, your daughter [Mrs. Damer]
will have told you in what a bustle I am, preparing, not to
visit, but to receive an invasion of royalties to-morrow;
and cannot even escape them, like Admiral Cornwallis, though
seeming to make a semblance; for I am to wear a sword, and have
appointed two aides-de-camp, my nephews, George and Horace
Churchill. If I _fall_, as ten to one but I do, to be sure
it will be a superb tumble, at the feet of a Queen and eight
daughters of Kings: for, besides the six Princesses, I am to
have the Duchess of York and the Princess of Orange! Woe is me,
at seventy-eight, and with scarce a hand and foot to my back!
Adieu!

“Yours, etc.,

“A POOR OLD REMNANT.”

“July 7, 1795.

“I am not dead of fatigue with my Royal visitors, as I
expected to be, though I was on my poor lame feet three whole
hours. Your daughter, who kindly assisted me in doing the
honours, will tell you the particulars, and how prosperously I
succeeded. The Queen was uncommonly condescending and gracious,
and deigned to drink my health when I presented her with the
last glass, and to thank me for all my attentions. Indeed,
my memory _de la vieille cour_ was but once in default. As I
had been assured that her Majesty would be attended by her
Chamberlain, yet was not, I had no glove ready when I received
her at the step of her coach; yet she honoured me with her
hand to lead her upstairs; nor did I recollect my omission
when I led her down again. Still, though gloveless, I did not
squeeze the royal hand, as Vice-Chamberlain Smith did to Queen
Mary.”[135]

Conway died suddenly two days after the date of the last letter. He had received the truncheon of a Field-Marshall less than two years before. Like his old friend Horace, he attained the last distinction of his life when he was too old to enjoy it. Horace lingered on twenty months longer in constantly increasing debility. In the latter part of December, 1796, he was seen to be sinking, and his friends prevailed on him to remove from Strawberry Hill to Berkeley Square, to be nearer assistance in case of any sudden seizure. The account of his last days is thus given by Miss Berry: “When not immediately suffering from pain, his mind was tranquil and cheerful. He was still capable of being amused, and of taking some part in conversation; but during the last weeks of his life, when fever was superadded to his other ills, his mind became subject to the cruel hallucination of supposing himself neglected and abandoned by the only persons to whom his memory clung, and whom he always desired to see. In vain they recalled to his recollection how recently they had left him, and how short had been their absence; it satisfied him for the moment, but the same idea recurred as soon as he had lost sight of them. At last nature, sinking under the exhaustion of weakness, obliterated all ideas but those of mere existence, which ended without a struggle on the 2nd of March, 1797.”

Horace Walpole’s last letter was addressed, as was fitting, to Lady Ossory, then almost the sole survivor of his early friends:

“Jan. 15, 1797.

“MY DEAR MADAM,--

“You distress me infinitely by showing my idle notes, which I
cannot conceive can amuse anybody. My old-fashioned breeding
impels me every now and then to reply to the letters you honour
me with writing, but in truth very unwillingly, for I seldom
can have anything particular to say; I scarce go out of my own
house, and then only to two or three private places, where I
see nobody that really knows anything, and what I learn comes
from newspapers, that collect intelligence from coffee-houses;
consequently what I neither believe nor report. At home I see
only a few charitable elders, except about four-score nephews
and nieces of various ages, who are each brought to me about
once a year, to stare at me as the Methusaleh of the family,
and they can only speak of their own contemporaries, which
interest me no more than if they talked of their dolls, or bats
and balls. Must not the result of all this, Madam, make me a
very entertaining correspondent? And can such letters be worth
showing? or can I have any spirit when so old, and reduced to
dictate?

“Oh! my good Madam, dispense with me from such a task, and
think how it must add to it to apprehend such letters being
shown. Pray send me no more such laurels, which I desire no
more than their leaves when decked with a scrap of tinsel,
and stuck on twelfth-cakes that lie on the shop-boards of
pastrycooks at Christmas. I shall be quite content with a sprig
of rosemary thrown after me, when the parson of the parish
commits my dust to dust. Till then, pray, Madam, accept the
resignation of your

“Ancient Servant,

“ORFORD.”

Besides numerous portraits of Horace Walpole, we have two pen-and-ink sketches of him, one by Miss Hawkins, the other by Pinkerton. The lady describes[136] him as she knew him before 1772: “His figure was not merely tall, but more properly long and slender to excess; his complexion, and particularly his hands, of a most unhealthy paleness. His eyes were remarkably bright and penetrating, very dark and lively; his voice was not strong, but his tones were extremely pleasant.… I do not remember his common gait; he always entered a room in that style of affected delicacy which fashion had then made almost natural: _chapeau bas_ between his hands, as if he wished to compress it, or under his arm; knees bent, and feet on tiptoe, as if afraid of a wet floor. His dress in visiting was most usually, in summer, when I most saw him, a lavender suit, the waistcoat embroidered with a little silver, or of white silk worked in the tambour; partridge silk stockings, and gold buckles; ruffles and frill, generally lace. I remember, when a child, thinking him very much under-dressed, if at any time, except in mourning, he wore hemmed cambric. In summer no powder, but his wig combed straight, and showing his very smooth, pale forehead, and queued behind; in winter, powder.”

Miss Hawkins, who was recording in her old age the impressions of her girlhood, is clearly mistaken as to the height of Walpole’s figure. Pinkerton paints him as he was at a later period, and adds several details of his domestic habits. We give the main part of the antiquary’s description,[137] and generally in his own words: The person of Horace Walpole was short and slender, but compact and neatly formed. When viewed from behind, he had somewhat of a boyish appearance, owing partly to the simplicity of his dress. His laugh was forced and uncouth, and his smile not the most pleasing. His walk was enfeebled by the gout, which not only affected his feet, but attacked his hands to such a degree that his fingers were always swelled and deformed, and discharged large chalk-stones once or twice a year. When at Strawberry Hill, he generally rose about nine o’clock, and appeared in the breakfast-room, his favourite Blue Room overlooking the Thames. His approach was proclaimed, and attended, by a favourite little dog, the legacy of the Marquise du Deffand; and which ease and attention had rendered so fat that it could hardly move. The dog had a liberal share of his breakfast; and as soon as the meal was over, Walpole would mix a large basinful of bread and milk, and throw it out of the window for the squirrels, who presently came down from the high trees to enjoy their allowance. Dinner was served in the small parlour, or large dining-room, as it happened; in winter, generally the former. His valet supported him downstairs; and he ate most moderately of chicken, pheasant, or any light food. Pastry he disliked, as difficult of digestion, though he would taste a morsel of venison pie. Never but once that he drank two glasses of white wine,[138] did Pinkerton see him taste any liquor, except ice-water. A pail of ice was placed under the table, in which stood a decanter of water, from which he supplied himself with his favourite beverage. If his guests liked even a moderate quantity of wine, they must have called for it during dinner, for almost instantly after he rang the bell to order coffee upstairs. Thither he would pass about five o’clock; and generally resuming his place on the sofa, would sit till two o’clock in the morning, in miscellaneous chit-chat, full of singular anecdotes, strokes of wit, and acute observations, occasionally sending for books or curiosities, or passing to the library, as any reference happened to arise in conversation. After his coffee he tasted nothing; but the snuff-box of _tabac d’étrennes_, from Fribourg’s, was not forgotten, and was replenished from a canister lodged in an ancient marble urn of great thickness, which stood in the window-seat, and served to secure its moisture and rich flavour. Such was a private rainy day of Horace Walpole. The forenoon quickly passed in roaming through the numerous apartments of the house, in which, after twenty visits, still something new would occur; and he was indeed constantly adding fresh acquisitions. Sometimes a walk in the grounds would intervene, on which occasions he would go out in his slippers through a thick dew; and he never wore a hat.[139] He said that, on his first visit to Paris, he was ashamed of his effeminacy, when he saw every little meagre Frenchman, whom even he could have thrown down with a breath, walking without a hat, which he could not do without a certainty of that disease which the Germans say is endemical in England, and is termed by the nation _le catch-cold_. The first trial cost him a slight fever, but he got over it, and never caught cold afterwards: draughts of air, damp rooms, windows open at his back, all situations were alike to him in this respect. He would even show some little offence at any solicitude expressed by his guests on such an occasion; and would say, with a half smile of seeming crossness, “My back is the same with my face, and my neck is like my nose.”

THE END.

BILLING AND SONS, PRINTERS, GUILDFORD AND LONDON.

FOOTNOTES

[1] “The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, edited by Peter Cunningham.”

[2] A second edition was published in 1866.

[3] _E.g._, in Jesse’s “Memoirs of George III.”

[4] Or in 1732, if the dates of some letters published in _Notes and Queries_, 4th Series, vol. iii., p. 2, can be trusted. But as the second of these letters, the date of which is given as Sep. 18, 1732, refers to the death of Walpole’s mother, and as we know, from his own statement, that Lady Walpole died Aug. 20, 1737, there seems to be an error.

[5] The story that Horace was of Hervey blood was first published in some Introductory Anecdotes prefixed to the later editions of the works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. These anecdotes were contributed by Lady Louisa Stuart, daughter of Lord Bute, the Prime Minister, and grand-daughter of Lady Mary. Her statement about Walpole, though generally accepted, has perhaps received more credit than it deserves, but _se non è vero, è ben trovato_. The similarity, both in matter and composition, between the memoirs of Lord Hervey and those of Horace Walpole is certainly remarkable.

[6] Born in July, 1719. He was second son of the first Lord Conway by his third wife, Charlotte Shorter, sister of Lady Walpole. He was Secretary in Ireland during the vice-royalty of William, fourth Duke of Devonshire; then Groom of the Bedchamber to George II. and to George III.; became Secretary of State in 1765; Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance in 1770; Commander-in-Chief in 1782; and was created a Field-Marshal in 1793. He married the Dowager Countess of Aylesbury, by whom he had an only child, Mrs. Damer, the sculptor, to whom Walpole left Strawberry Hill.