Chapter XXXII: Introduction (4)

_Infants_, nearly one half of those born in Great Britain die under
twelve years of age, 1.
Perish mostly by art, 2.
Ought not
to be suckled by delicate women, 3.
Importance of their being nursed by their mothers, 4.
Often lose their lives, or become deformed, by errors in clothing
them, 9.
How the art of bandaging them became the province of the midwife, 10.
How treated in Africa, 11, _note_.
Philosophical observations on their organical structure, and on the
causes of deformity, _ibid._
Why they so frequently die of convulsions, 12.
Why exposed to fevers, 13.
And colds, 14.
Rules for their dress, _ibid._
Their food, 15.
Reflections on the many evils they are exposed to, 544.
Why their first disorders are in their bowels, _ibid._
How to cleanse their bowels, 545.
The meconium, 546.
Thrush, 547.
Acidities, 548.
Gripes, 549.
Galling and excoriations, 550.
Stoppage of the nose, _ibid._
Vomiting, 551.
Looseness, 552.
Eruptions, 553.
Scabbed heads, 555.
Chilblains, 556.
The croup, 557.
Teething, 559.
Rickets, 562.
Convulsions, 565.
Water in the head, 567.
How to recover infants seemingly dead, 622.
Ought never to sleep in the same bed with their mothers or nurses,
626, _note_.
Case of the recovery of an overlaid infant, 627.
Case of an infant seemingly killed by a strong convulsion fit, and
recovered, 629.
See _Children_.

_Infection_, the danger of, incurred by injudicious or unnecessary
attendance on the sick, 106.
And on funerals, 107.
Is often communicated by clothes, _ibid._
Is frequently imported, 108.
Is spread by hospitals and jails being situated in the middle of
populous towns, _ibid._
How to prevent infection in sick chambers, 109.
Physicians liable to spread infection, _ibid._ _note_.
In what respects the spreading of infection might be checked by the
magistrate, 110.
Bleeding and purging increase the danger of, by debilitating the
body, 204.
Small-pox, 214.
Of the small-pox may be received again, 218, _note_.

_Inflammations_, how the laborious part of mankind expose themselves
to, 42.
Proper treatment of, 574.

_Inflammation_ of the bladder. See _Bladder_.

—— of the brain. See _Brain_.

—— of the eyes. See _Eyes_.

—— of the intestines. See _Intestines_.

—— of the kidneys. See _Kidneys_.

—— of the liver. See _Liver_.

—— of the lungs. See _Peripneumony_.

—— of the stomach. See _Stomach_.

—— of the throat. See _Quinsey_.

—— of the womb. See _Womb_.

_Infusions_, advantages of, over decoctions, 676.
How to obtain rich infusions from weak vegetables, _ibid._
Preparation of the bitter infusion, _ibid._
Infusion of the bark, _ibid._
Infusion of carduus, 677.
Of linseed, _ibid._
Of roses, _ibid._
Of tamarinds, and senna, _ibid._
Spanish infusion, 678.
For the palsy, _ibid._

_Inns_, the great danger of meeting with damp beds in them, 128.
The sheets in, how treated to save washing, 129.

_Inoculation_ of the small-pox, more favourably received here than in
neighbouring countries, 227.
Cannot prove of general utility while kept in the hands of a few,
228.
No mystery in the process, _ibid._
May safely be performed by parents or nurses, 229.
Various methods of doing it, _ibid._
The clergy exhorted to remove the prejudices against the operation,
231.
Arguments cited from Dr. Mackenzie in favour of inoculation, _ibid._
_note_.
Ought to be rendered universal, 233.
Means of extending the practice of, 234.
Two obstacles to the progress of, stated, 235.
Might be performed by clergymen, or by parents themselves, 236.
The proper seasons and age for performing it, 239.
Will often mend the habit of body, _ibid._
Necessary preparation and regimen for, _ibid._

_Insects_, when they creep into the ear, how to force them out, 361.
Poisonous, the bites of, how to be treated, 486.

_Intemperance_, one great cause of the diseases of seamen, 45.
The danger of, argued from the constructions of the human body, 94.
The analogy in the nourishment of plants and animals, _ibid._
Is the abuse of natural passions, _ibid._
In diet, 95.
In liquor and carnal pleasures, _ibid._
The bad consequences of, involve whole families, 96.
Effects of drunkenness on the constitution, _ibid._
Persons who seldom get drunk, may nevertheless injure their
constitutions by drink, 97.
The habit of drinking frequently acquired under misfortunes, 98.
Is peculiarly hurtful to young persons, 99.
Leads to all other vices, _ibid._

_Intermitting fever._ See _Ague_.

_Intestines_, inflammation of, general causes from whence it proceeds,
291.
The symptoms, regimen, and medical treatment, 292.
Cautions to guard against it, 295.

_Intoxication_ produces a fever, 96.
Fatal consequences of a daily repetition of this vice, _ibid._
Persons who seldom get drunk, may nevertheless injure their
constitution by drinking, _ibid._
Getting drunk, a hazardous remedy for a cold, 277.
Often produces fatal effects, 623.
Proper cautions for treating persons in liquor, 624.
The safest drink after a debauch, _ibid._
Remarkable case, 625.

_Johnson_, Dr. extraordinary recovery of an infant seemingly killed by
a strong convulsion fit, related by, 629.

_Issues_, how to make them take the best effect, 430.

_Itch_, the nature and symptoms of this disease described, 403.
Sulphur, the best remedy against, _ibid._
Great danger of the injudicious use of mercurial preparations for,
405.
Cleanliness the best preservative against, 406, _note_.

_Juleps_, the form of, explained, 678.
Preparation of the camphorated julep, _ibid._
Cordial julep, 679.
Expectorating julep, _ibid._
Musk julep, _ibid._
Saline julep, _ibid._
Vomiting julep, _ibid._

K.

_Kermes mineral_, recommended by Dr. Duplanil for the hooping cough,
287, _note_.

_Kidneys_, inflammation of, its general causes, 301.
Its symptoms and proper regimen, 302.
Medical treatment, 305.
Where it proceeds from the stone and gravel, _ibid._
Cautions for those subject to this disorder, _ibid._ See _Gravel_.

_King’s evil._ See _Scrophula_.

L.

_Laborious employments_, the peculiar disorders incident to, 40.
The folly of men emulating each other in trials of strength, 41.
Disadvantages attending their diet, _ibid._
How they expose themselves to inflammations, 42.
Danger of sleeping in the sun, _ibid._
Long fasting hurtful to them, _ibid._
Injuries arising from poor living, 43.
Many of the diseases of labourers, not only occasioned, but
aggravated, by poverty, _ibid._

_Labour_ should not be imposed too early on children, 28.

_Labour_ in child-bed, medical advice for, 534.
Inconveniencies of collecting a number of women at, 535, _note_.

_Laudanum_, its efficacy in fits of an ague, 149, _note_.
How to be administered in a cholera morbus, 311.
In a looseness, 313.
In a diabetes, 321.
When proper for the head-ach, 356.
How to apply, for the tooth-ach, 358.
Will ease pain in the gout, 384.
How to administer for the cramp in the stomach, 438.
Is good for flatulences, 444.
Effects of an over-dose of, 470.
Medical treatment in this case, 476.

_Leading-strings_, injurious to young children, 23.

_Leeches_, may be successfully applied to inflamed testicles, 503,
_note_.
And to disperse buboes, 505, _note_.
Are proper to apply to children where inflammations appear in
teething, 560.
Objections to bleeding with them, 572.

_Lemons._ See _Oranges_.

_Leprosy_, why less frequent in this country now than formerly, 398.
Requires the same treatment as the scurvy, _ibid._

_Lientery_, proper treatment for, 351.

_Life_ may frequently be restored, when the appearances of it are
suspended by sudden casualties, 601. 608. 613. 631.

_Lightning_, persons apparently killed by, might possibly be recovered
by the use of proper means, 631.

_Lime-water_ recommended to prevent gravel in the kidneys from
degenerating to the stone in the bladder, 326.
Is a good remedy for worms, 368.
Happy effects of, in the cure of obstinate ulcers, 585.

_Lind_, Dr. his prescription to abate fits of an ague, 149, _note_.
His directions for the treatment of patients under putrid remitting
fevers, 212, _note_.

_Liniment_ for burns, preparation of, 683.
White liniment, 684.
For the piles, _ibid._
Volatile liniment, _ibid._

_Liquors_, strong, expose children to inflammatory disorders, 19.
Fermented, the qualities of, examined, 68.
The bad consequences of making them too weak, 69.
Why all families ought to prepare their own liquors, _ibid._
Cold, the danger of drinking, when a person is hot, 131.

_Liver_, schirrous, produced by sedentary employments, 56.

_Liver_, inflammation of, its causes and symptoms, 306.
Regimen and medical treatment, 307.
Abscess in, how to be treated, 308.
Cautions in the event of a schirrous being formed, _ibid._

_Lobelia_, an American plant used by the natives in the venereal
disease, 514.

_Lochia_, a suppression of, how to be treated, 537.

_Longings_, in diseases, are the calls of nature, and often point out
what may be of real use, 146.

_Looseness_, habitual, general directions for persons subject to, 122.
Its general causes, 312.
A periodical looseness ought never to be stopped, 313.
Medical treatment of, according to its various causes, _ibid._
Means of checking it when necessary, 314.
In children, proper treatment of, 552.

_Love_, why perhaps the strongest of all the passions, 119.
Is not rapid in its progress, and may therefore be guarded against at
its commencement, _ibid._
To pretend to it for amusement, cruelty to the object, _ibid._
Children often real martyrs between inclination and duty, 120,
_note_.

_Lues_, confirmed, symptoms of, 510.
Mercury the only certain remedy known in Europe for this disease,
511.
Saline preparations of mercury more efficacious than the ointment,
512.
How to administer corrosive sublimate, _ibid._
American method of curing this disease, 513.

_Lungs_, injured by artists working in bending postures, 50.
Studious persons liable to consumptions of, 56.

_Luxury_, highly injurious to the organs of taste and smell, 463.

M.

_Mackenzie_, Dr. his arguments in favour of inoculating in the
small-pox, 231, _note_.

_Mad dog._ See _Dog_.

_Magnesia alba_, a remedy for the heart-burn, 419.
Is the best medicine in all cases of acidity, 549.

_Magnets_, artificial, their reputed virtue in the tooth-ach, 359.

_Malt_ liquors, hurtful in the asthma, 407.
See _Beer_.

_Man_, why inferior to brutes in the management of his young, 1.
Was never intended to be idle, 87.

_Manufactures_, the growth of, produced the rickets in children, 21.
More favourable to riches than to health, 28.
Some, injurious to health by confining artists in unwholesome air,
37.
Cautions to the workmen, 38.
Compared with agriculture, 48.
Are injurious to health from artists being crowded together, 49.
And from their working in confined postures, _ibid._
Cautions offered to sedentary artists, 50.
Sedentary arts better suited to women than to men, 83, _note_.

_Matrimony_ ought not to be contracted without a due attention to
health and form, 8.

_Mead_, Dr. his famous recipe for the bite of a mad dog, 480.
His character as a physician, _ibid._ _note_.

_Meals_ ought to be taken at regular times, 72.
Reasons for this uniformity, _ibid._

_Measles_, have great affinity with the small-pox, 240.
Cause and symptoms, _ibid._
Proper regimen and medicine, 242, 243.
Inoculation of, might prove very salutary, 245, _note_.

_Mechanics_ ought to employ their leisure hours in gardening, 54.

_Meconium_, the best mode of expelling it, 16. 546.

_Medicine_, the origin of the art of, xii.
The operation of, doubtful at best, xiv.
Is made a mystery of, by its professors, xxi.
The study of, neglected by gentlemen, xxii.
This ignorance lays men open to pretenders, xxiii.
Ought to be generally understood, xxiv.
A diffusion of the knowledge of, would destroy quackery, xxvii.
Objections to the cultivation of medical knowledge answered, xxviii.
The theory of, can never supply the want of experience and
observation, 135.

_Medicines_ have more virtue attributed to them than they deserve, 138.
Ought not to be administered by the ignorant, nor without caution,
140.
Want of perseverance in the use of, one reason why chronic diseases
are so seldom cured, 392.
Many retained, which owe their reputation to credulity, 649.
Are multiplied and compounded in proportion to ignorance of the
causes and nature of diseases, _ibid._
Disadvantages of compounded medicines, _ibid._
Are often adulterated for the sake of colour, _ibid._
The relative proportions of doses of, for different ages, 652.
A list of such medical preparations as ought to be kept for private
practice, 654.

_Melancholy_, religious, its effects, 120.
Leads to suicide, _ibid._
Defined, with its causes, 426.
Symptoms and regimen, 426, 427.
Medicinal treatment, 428.

_Menstrual_ discharge in women, the commencement and decline of, the
most critical periods of their lives, 522.
Confinement injurious to growing young women, 523;
and tight lacing for a fine shape, 524.
Symptoms of the first appearance of this discharge, 525.
Objects of attention in regimen at this time, _ibid._
Ought to be restored whenever unnaturally obstructed, and how, 526.
When an obstruction proceeds from another malady, the first cause is
to be removed, 527.
Treatment under a redundancy of the discharge, 528.
Regimen and medicine proper at the final decline of the menses, 529.

_Mercury_, may be given in desperate cases of an inflammation of the
intestines, 294.
Cautions for administering it, _ibid._ _note_.
Great caution necessary in using mercurial preparations for the itch,
405.
Is seldom necessary in a gonorrhœa, 496.
How to administer it when needful in that disorder, 497.
Solution of mercury, how to make, 498, _note_.
Is the only certain remedy known in Europe for the cure of a
confirmed lues, 511.
Saline preparations of, more efficacious than the mercurial ointment,
_ibid._
How to administer corrosive sublimate in venereal cases, 512.
Necessary cautions in the use of mercury, 515.
Proper seasons for entering on a course of, 516.
Preparations for, _ibid._
Regimen under a course of, 517.

_Mezereon_ root, a powerful assistant in venereal cases, 513.

_Midwifery_, ought not to be allowed to be practiced by any woman not
properly qualified, 534, _note_.

_Midwives_, historical view of the profession, 9.
How they became intrusted with the care of bandaging infants, with
the ill effects of their attempts at dexterity in this office, 10.
Instances of their rashness and officious ignorance, 540, _note_,
544, _note_.

_Miliary_ fever. See _Fever_.

_Military_ exercise recommended for boys to practise, 26.

_Milk_, that of the mother, the most natural food for an infant, 15.
Cows milk, better unboiled than boiled, 18.
Is a good antidote against the scurvy, 66.
Of more value in consumptions than the whole _Materia Medica_, 179.
Its great efficacy in the scurvy, 396.
A milk diet proper both for men and women, in cases of barrenness,
543.

_Milk_ fever. See _Fever_.

_Millipedes_, how to administer for the hooping-cough, 287.

_Mind_, diseases of, to be distinguished from those of the body, 136.
See _Passions_.

_Miners_, exposed to injuries from unwholesome air, and mineral
particles, 38.
Cautions to, 39.

_Mineral_ waters, the danger of drinking them in too large quantities,
319.
Are of considerable service in weaknesses of the stomach, 417.
Cautions concerning the drinking of, 639–646.

_Mixtures_, general remarks on this form of medicines, 680.
Composition of the astringent mixture, _ibid._
Diuretic mixture, _ibid._
Laxative absorbent mixture, _ibid._
Saline mixture, 681.
Squill mixture, _ibid._

_Molasses_, an intoxicating spirit much used by the common people at
Edinburgh, 91.

_Mothers_, preposterous, when they think it below them to nurse their
own children, 2.
Under what circumstances they may be really unfit to perform this
task, _ibid._
Importance of their suckling their own children, 3, _note_.
Delicate mothers produce unhealthy short-lived children, 7.
Their milk, the best food for children, 15.
Ought to give their children proper exercise, 23;
and air, 31.

_Mouth_, cautions against putting pins or other dangerous articles
into, 603.

_Muscular_ exercise a cure for the gout, 385.

_Mushrooms_, a dangerous article of food, as other funguses are often
gathered instead of them, 488.

_Music_, the performance of, recommended as a proper amusement for
studious persons, 60.

_Musk_, extraordinary effects produced by, under particular
circumstances, in the nervous fever, 193.
Is a good remedy in the epilepsy, 435.
And for the hiccup, 437.
Deafness cured by, 462.

_Mustard_, white, a good remedy in the rheumatism, 391.

N.

_Natural_ history, the study of, necessary to the improvement of
agriculture, xx.

_Nervous_ diseases, the most complicated and difficult to cure of all
others, 420.
General causes of, _ibid._
Symptoms of, 421.
Regimen, 422.
Medical treatment, 424.
A cure only to be expected from regimen, 426.
The several symptoms of, though differently named, all modifications
of the same disease, 453.

_Nervous_ colic, its causes and symptoms, 299.
Medical treatment of, 300.

_Nervous_ fever. See _Fever_.

_Night-mare_, its causes and symptoms described, 439.
Proper treatment of, 440.

_Nightshade_, an infusion of, recommended in a cancer, 469.

_Nitre_, purified, its good effects in a quinsey, 268.
Is an efficacious remedy for the dropsy, 378.
Promotes urine and perspiration, 429.

_Nose_, ulcer in, how to cure, 464.
Stoppage of, in children, how to cure, 551.
See _Bleeding at_.

_Nurses_, their superstitious prejudices in bathing of children, 30.
The only certain evidence of a good one, 33.
Their usual faults pointed out, 34.
Administer cordials to remedy their neglect of duty toward children,
35.
Their mistaken treatment of eruptions, _ibid._
And loose stools, _ibid._
Are apt to conceal the disorders of children that arise from their
own negligence, 36.
Ought to be punished for the misfortunes they thus occasion, _ibid._
Sensible, often able to discover diseases sooner than persons bred to
physic, 135.
Are liable to catch the small-pox again from those they nurse in that
disorder, 218, _note_.

_Nursery_ ought to be the largest and best aired room in a house, 31.

O.

_Oil_, an antidote to the injuries arising from working in mines or
metals, 39.
Sallad oil, the best application to the bite of a wasp or bee, 486.
Camphorated, how to prepare, 684.

_Oils_, essential, of vegetables, the proper menstruum for, 694.

_Ointment_ for the itch, 403.
Use of ointments when applied to wounds and sores, 681.
Preparation of yellow basilicum, _ibid._
Emollient ointment, 682.
Eye ointments, _ibid._
Issue ointment, _ibid._
Ointment of lead, 683.
Mercurial ointment, _ibid._
Ointment of sulphur, _ibid._
White ointment, _ibid._
See _Liniment_.

_Ophthalmia._ See _Eye_.

_Opiates_, efficacious in a _cholera morbus_, 311.
In a diabetes, 320.
When proper for the head-ach, 356.
Recommended for the tooth-ach, _ibid._
Are delusive remedies in nervous diseases, 425.
See _Laudanum_.

_Orange_ and lemon-peel, how to candy, 665.
How to preserve orange and lemon-juice in the form of syrup, 694.

_Ormskirk_ medicine for the bite of a mad dog, remarks on, 485, _note_.

_Oxycrate_, the most proper external application in a fracture, 596.

_Oysters_ of great service in consumptions, 182, _note_.

P.

_Painters._ See _Miners_.

_Palsy_, the nature of this disorder explained, with its causes, 430.
Medical treatment, 431.

_Paraphrenitis_, its symptoms and treatment, 170.

_Parents_, their interested views in the disposal of their children in
marriage, often a source of bitter repentance, 120, _note_. See
_Fathers_, and _Mothers_.

_Passions_, intemperance the abuse of, 94.
Have great influence both in the cause and cure of diseases, 111.
Anger, 112.
Fear, _ibid._
Grief, 116.
Love, 119.
Religious melancholy, 120.
The best method of counteracting the violence of any of the passions,
_ibid._

_Peas_, parched, good in cases of flatulency, 363.

_Peruvian_ bark. See _Bark_.

_Penis_, ulcerated, cured, and partly regenerated, by a careful
attention to cleanliness, 518, _note_.

_Peripneumony_, who most subject to, 171.
Its causes, symptoms, and proper regimen, _ibid._ 172.

_Perspiration_, insensible, the obstruction of, disorders the whole
frame, 126.
The various causes of its being checked, _ibid._
Changes in the atmosphere, _ibid._
Wet clothes, 127.
Wet feet, _ibid._
Night air, 128.
Damp beds, _ibid._
Damp houses, 130.
Sudden transitions from heat to cold, 131.

_Philosophy_, advantages resulting from the study of, xxiii.

_Phrenitis._ See _Brain_.

_Phymosis_ described, and how to treat, 509.

_Physicians_, ill consequences of their inattention to the management
of children, 5.
Are liable to spread infection, 109, _note_.
Their custom of prognosticating the fate of their patients, a bad
practice, 115.
Are seldom called in, until medicine can give no relief, 158.
The faculty oppose every salutary discovery, 328.

_Pickles_, provocatives injurious to the stomach, 67.

_Piles_, bleeding and blind, the distinction between, 334.
Who most subject to the disorder, _ibid._
General causes, _ibid._
Medical treatment of, 335.
Periodical discharges of, ought not to be stopped, 336.
Proper treatment of the blind piles, _ibid._
External ointments of little use, 337.

_Pills_, purging, proper form of, for an inflammation of the
intestines, 294.
The general intention of this class of medicines, 684.
Preparation of the composing pill, 685.
Fœtid pill, _ibid._
Hemlock pill, _ibid._
Mercurial pill, _ibid._
Mercurial sublimate pills, 686.
Plummer’s pill, _ibid._
Purging pill, 687.
Pill for the jaundice, _ibid._
Squill pills, _ibid._
Strengthening pills, 688.

_Pins_ ought never to be used in the dressing of children, 13.
Swallowed, discharged from an ulcer in the side, 603, _note_.

_Plasters_, the general intentions of, and their usual basis, 688.
Preparation of the common plaster, _ibid._
Adhesive plaster, 689.
Anodyne plaster, _ibid._
Blistering plaster, _ibid._
Gum plaster, _ibid._
Mercurial plaster, _ibid._
Stomach plaster, 690.
Warm plaster, _ibid._
Wax plaster, _ibid._

_Pleurisy_, the nature of the disorder explained, with its causes, 163.
Symptoms, 164.
Regimen, _ibid._
Medical treatment, 165.
A decoction of seneka reckoned a specific in, 168.
Bastard pleurisy, 169.

_Plumbers._ See _Miners_.

_Poisons_, the nature and cure of, a general concern, and easily
acquired, 472.
Mineral poisons, 473.
Vegetable poisons, 475.
Bites of poisonous animals, 477.
Bite of a mad dog, 479.
Bite of a viper, 485.
The practice of sucking the poison out of wounds recommended, 486,
_note_.
Poisonous plants ought to be destroyed in the neighbourhood of towns,
487.
Negro remedy to cure the bite of a rattle-snake, 488.
General rules for security against poisons, 489.

_Poor_ living, the dangers of, 43.

_Porters_ subject to disorders of the lungs, 40.

_Postures_, confined, injurious to the health of sedentary artists, 50.

_Poverty_, occasions parents to neglect giving their children proper
exercise, 23.
Destroys parental affection, 24, _note_.
Not only occasions, but aggravates, many of the diseases of
labourers, 43.
The poor great sufferers by the sale of bad provisions, 63.
And by bad air in large cities, 77.

_Poultices_ proper for inflamed wounds, 579.

_Powders_, general instructions for making and administering, 691.
Astringent powder, preparation and doses of, 692.
Powder of bole, _ibid._
Carminative powder, _ibid._
Diuretic powder, 693.
Aromatic purging powder, _ibid._
Saline laxative powder, _ibid._
Steel powder, _ibid._
Sudorific powder, _ibid._
Worm powder, 694.
Purging worm powder, _ibid._
Powder for the tape-worm, _ibid._

_Pox_, small, who most liable to, and at what seasons, 214.
Its causes and symptoms, _ibid._ 215.
Favourable and unfavourable symptoms in, 215, 216.
Regimen, 216.
How the patient ought to be treated during the eruptive fever, 217.
Children in this disorder ought not to lie together in the same bed,
219.
Should be allowed clean linen, _ibid._
Patients under this disorder ought not to appear in public view, 220.
Medical treatment, _ibid._
The secondary fever, 224.
When and how to open the pustules, 225.
Of inoculation, 227.

_Pregnancy_, how to treat vomiting when the effect of, 316.
Rules of conduct for women under the disorders incident to, 530.
Causes and symptoms of abortion, 532.
How to guard against abortion, _ibid._
Treatment in cases of abortion, _ibid._
Childbirth, 533.

_Prescriptions_, medical, patients exposed to danger by their being
written in Latin, xxvi.

_Provisions_, unsound, the sale of, a public injury, 63.

_Puerperal_ fever. See _Fever_.

_Purges_, the frequent taking of them renders the habitual use of them
necessary, 123.
Their efficacy in agues, 150.
Proper form of, for an inflammation of the intestines, 293.
Cooling purges always proper in a gonorrhœa, 494.
Midwives too rash in the giving of purges, 540, _note_.
Form of a gentle purge for infants disordered in the bowels, 545.
For the thrush, 547.

_Pustules_ in the small-pox, favourable and unfavourable appearances
of, 215, 216.
The suppuration of, to be promoted, 221.
When and how to open, 225.

_Putrid_ fever. See _Fever_.

Q.

_Quacks_ put out more eyes than they cure, 456.

_Quackery_, how to destroy, xxv.

_Quakers_, their mode of dressing recommended, 93.

_Quinsey_, a common and dangerous disorder, and to whom most fatal,
264.
Its causes, _ibid._
Symptoms, 265.
Regimen, 266.
Medical applications, 268.
How to promote suppuration, 269.
How to nourish the patient when he cannot swallow, 270.
Advice to persons subject to this disorder, _ibid._

——, malignant, who most subject to, and its causes, 271.
Its symptoms, 272.
Regimen and medical treatment, 273.

R.

_Rattlesnake_, Negro remedy for the cure of its bite, 488.

_Regimen_ ought to co-operate with medicine to accomplish the cure of
diseases, xiii.
Will often cure diseases without medicine, 140.
See _Aliment_.

_Religion_, true, calculated to support the mind under every
affliction, 120.
The instructions in, ought not to dwell too much on gloomy subjects,
121.

_Remitting_ fever. See _Fever_.

_Repletion_, impairs the digestive power, 72.
Diseases occasioned by, 74.
How to treat a looseness produced by, 312.

_Resentment_, the indulgence of, injurious to the constitution, 112.

_Resins_, and essential oils, the proper menstruum for, 695.

_Respiration_, how to restore in a drowned person, 609.

_Rheumatism_ acute and chronic, distinguished, 388.
Causes, _ibid._
Symptoms, 389.
Medical treatment, _ibid._
Cautions to persons subject to this disorder, 390.

_Rickets_, the appearance of, in Britain, dated from the growth of
manufactures and sedentary employments, 23.
The causes of, 562.
Symptoms, 563.
Regimen, and medical treatment, _ibid._

_Rollers_, pernicious tendency of applying them round the bodies of
infants, 12.

_Romans_, ancient, their great attention to the cleanliness of their
towns, 102, _note_.

_Roses_, conserve of, its great virtue against hæmorrhages, 336, 341.

_Rosemary_, the external application of, a popular remedy for the
cramp, 451, _note_.

_Ruptures_, are chiefly incident to children and very old persons, 598.
The causes respectively, _ibid._
Method of treatment, _ibid._
Cutting should be avoided if possible, 599.
Cautions for persons afflicted with a rupture, 600.
Often prove fatal before discovered, _ibid._ _note_.

_Rutherford_, Dr. his preparation for the cure of a dysentery, 347,
_note_.

S.

_Sailors_, their health injured by change of climate, hard weather, and
bad provisions, 45.
Many of their diseases spring from intemperance, _ibid._
Ought to guard against wet clothes, _ibid._
How the ill effects of salt provisions might be corrected, _ibid._
Peruvian bark the best antidote to sailors on a foreign coast, 47.
Cleanliness greatly conducive to their health, 103.

_Sal prunellæ_, its good effects in a quinsey, 268.

_Saline_ draughts, of good use for stopping a vomiting, 318.
Preparation of, for this purpose, _ibid._
Peculiarly good in the puerperal fever, 540.

_Salivation_ not necessary in the cure of the venereal disease, 511.

_Sarsaparilla_, a powerful assistant in venereal cases, 513.

_Scabbed_ head in children, difficult to cure, 555.
Medical treatment, _ibid._

_Scarlet_ fever. See _Fever_.

_School_, sending children there too young, its bad consequences, 25.
Ought to be seated in a dry air, and not to be too much crowded, 33.

_Scirrhus_ in the liver, proper regimen in the case of, 308.
See _Cancer_.

_Scrophula_, nature of this disease, and its causes, 398.
Symptoms, and regimen, 399.
Medical treatment, 400.

_Scurvy_, why prevalent among the English, 65.
Where most prevalent, and the two distinctions of, 393.
Causes of, _ibid._
Symptoms and cure, 394.
Instructions to sea-faring men, 395.
Extraordinary effects of milk, 396.
Proper liquors, _ibid._

_Sedentary_ life, includes the greater part of the human species, 47.
Few persons follow agriculture who are capable of other business, 48.
Sedentary and active employments ought to be intermixed, for the sake
of health, _ibid._
Artists suffer from unwholesome air, by being crowded together,
_ibid._
The postures artists are confined to, injurious to health, 49.
Disorders produced by, _ibid._
Cautions offered to the sedentary, 50.
Sedentary amusements improper for sedentary persons, 51.
Hints relating to improper food, 52.
Exercise a surer relief for low spirits than drinking, _ibid._
Gardening a wholesome amusement for the sedentary, _ibid._
Disorders occasioned by intense study, 55.
Dietetical advice to the sedentary, 71.
Sedentary occupations better adapted to women than men, 83, _note_.

_Sea_ water, a good remedy in the King’s evil, 400.

_Senses_, disorders of, 456.

_Seton_, sometimes has extraordinary effects in an inflammation of the
eyes, 262.
Is of service for preventing apoplexies, 413.
The best method of making it, 430.

_Shoes_, tight, the bad consequences resulting from, 91.
The high heels of women’s shoes, 92.

_Sibbins_, a venereal disorder so termed in the west of Scotland, how
to cure, 518, _note_.

_Sick_, the mutual danger incurred by unnecessary visitors to, 106.
Persons in health to be kept at a distance from the sick, 107.
Proper nurses ought to be employed about them, 109.
Instructions for avoiding infection, _ibid._
Physicians too unguarded in their visits to them, _ibid._ _note_.
Tolling of bells for the dead very dangerous to, 114.
Their fears ought not to be alarmed, 116.

_Sight_ injured by studying by candle-light, 57.

_Simples_, a list of those proper to be kept for private practice, 654.

_Sinapisms_, the general intentions of, 660.
Directions for making of, _ibid._

_Sleep_, the due proportion of, not easy to fix, 87.
How to make it refreshing, 88.
Complaints of the want of, chiefly made by the indolent, _ibid._
Heavy suppers cause uneasy nights, _ibid._
Anxiety destructive of sleep, 89.
That in the fore-part of the night most refreshing, _ibid._
Early risers the longest livers, 90, _note_.

_Sleeping_ in the sun, the danger of, 42.

_Small pox._ See _Pox_.

_Smell_, injuries to which the sense of, is liable, with the remedies
applicable to, 463.

_Soap_, Alicant, recommended in the stone, 327.
Soap-lees, how to take, _ibid._

_Solanum._ See _Nightshade_.

_Soldiers_, exposed to many disorders from the hardships they undergo,
44.
Ought to be employed in moderate labour in times of peace, 44,
_note_.

_Spine_, often bent by artists working in unfavourable postures, 50.

_Spirit_, rectified, the direct menstruum for resins and essential oils
of vegetables, 695.
Of wine, camphorated, how to prepare, 699.
Spirit of Mindererus, _ibid._

_Spirits_, lowness of, the general forerunner of a nervous fever, 189.
The proper remedies for, 446.
Cautions to persons under this complaint, 447.

_Spirituous liquors_, when good in the colic, 296.
And for gouty complaints in the stomach, 363.
Should be avoided by all persons afflicted with nervous disorders,
423.
The use of, often fatal, 623.

_Spitting of blood._ See _Blood_.

_Spunge_, may be used to supply the want of agaric as a styptic, 577,
_note_.
Its use in extracting substances stopped in the gullet, 605.

_Sports_, active, far more wholesome than sedentary amusements, 85.
Golf, a better exercise than cricket, _ibid._ _note_.

_Spots_ in the eye, how to treat, 459.

_Squinting_, how to correct the habit of, 459.

_Stays_, a ridiculous and pernicious article of female dress, 14, 91.
The wearing of, tends to produce cancers in the breasts, 467.

_Sternutatories_, preparations of, recommended for restoring lost
smell, 464.

_Sticking-plaster_ is the best application for slight wounds, 578.

_Stomach_, exercise the best cure for disorders of, 84.
Inflammation of, a disorder that calls for speedy assistance, 289.
Its causes, _ibid._
Symptoms, _ibid._
Regimen, 290.
Medical treatment, _ibid._
Pain in, its causes, 362.
Remedies for, 363.
Instructions for persons subject to, 364.

_Stone_, the formation of, in the bladder, explained, 124.
This disorder how distinguished from the gravel, 324.
Causes and symptoms, _ibid._
Regimen, 325.
Medical treatment, 326.
Alicant soap and lime-water, how to take for this disorder, 327.
The uva ursi, a remedy in present request for, 328.

_Stool_, loose, the benefit of, to children, 35.
Proper treatment of, when excessive, 36.
The discharge by, cannot be regular, if the mode of living be
irregular, 121.
One in a day generally sufficient for an adult, 122.
How to produce a regularity of, _ibid._
Frequent recourse to medicines for costiveness, injurious to the
constitution, 123.

_Stork_, Dr. his method of treating cancers, 469.

_Strabismus._ See _Squinting_.

_Strains_, proper method of treating, 597.
The safest external applications, _ibid._ _note_.

_Strangury_, from a blistering plaster, how to guard against, 167.
In the small-pox, how to relieve, 222.
From a venereal cause, described, with its proper treatment, 507.

_Strangulation_, course of treatment for the recovery of persons from,
628.

_Strasburgh_, successful treatment of a miliary fever there, 208,
_note_.

_Strength_, the folly of trials of, from emulation, 40. 44.

_Study_, intense, injurious to health, 54.
The disorders occasioned by, 55.
Character of a mere student, 58.
Hints of advice to studious persons, 59.
Danger of their having recourse to cordials, 60.
Health often neglected while in possession, and laboured for after it
is destroyed, 61.
No person ought to study immediately after a full meal, 62.
Diatetical advice to the studious, 71.
The general effects of, on the constitution, 420.

_Sublimate_, corrosive, how to administer in venereal cases, 512.

_Suffocation_, by the fumes of charcoal, liable to happen in close
chambers, 613.
General causes of suffocation, 626.
Overlaying of infants, 627.

_Sugar_, an improper article in the food of children, 18.

_Sulphur_, a good remedy for expelling worms, 368.
And for the itch, 403.

_Suppers_, ought not to destroy the appetite for breakfast, 73.
Heavy suppers sure to occasion uneasy nights, 88.

_Surgery_, many of the operations of, successfully performed by persons
unskilled in anatomy, 569.
Humanity induces every one more or less to be a surgeon, _ibid._

_Sweating_, generally excited in an improper manner, in fevers, 146.
160.

_Swoonings_, the several causes of, described, 424.
Proper treatment of this disorder, 425. 618.
Cautions to persons subject to them, 622.

_Sydenham_, Dr. his method of treating fevers in children from
teething, 560.

_Symptoms_, diseases better distinguished by, than by the systematical
arrangement of, 135.
The differences of sex, age, and constitution, to be considered, 136.
Diseases of the mind to be distinguished from those of the body, 137.

_Syncope_, proper treatment in, 619.

_Syrups_, the general intention of, 695.
How to make simple syrup, and to modify it for particular purposes,
_ibid._

T.

_Tacitus_, his remark on the degeneracy of the Roman ladies, 4, _note_.

_Tallow-chandlers_, and others working on putrid animal substances,
cautions to, 39.

_Tapping_ for the dropsy, a safe and simple operation, 379.

_Tar_, Barbadoes, its efficacy in the nervous colic, 300.

_Tartar_, soluble, a good remedy for the jaundice, 373.
Cream of, a good remedy in a dropsy, 378.
And rheumatism, 390.

_Taste_, how to restore the sense of, when injured, 465.

_Taylors_, are exposed to injuries from breathing confined air, 49.
Are subject to consumptions, _ibid._ _note_.
Often lose the use of their legs, 50.
Hints of instruction offered to them in regard to their health, 51.

_Tea_, the customary use of, injurious to female constitutions, 7.
Destroys their digestive powers, and produces hysterics, 66.
The bad qualities of, principally owing to imprudence in the use of
it, _ibid._
Green, chewing of, a remedy for the heart-burn, 419.
Has a powerful effect upon the nerves, 431, _note_.
Is bad for persons troubled with flatulences, 445.

_Teething_, the disorders attending, 559.
Regimen, and medical treatment in, 560.
Applications to the gums, and how to cut them, 561.

_Temperance_, the parent of health, 94.

_Testicles_, swelled, the cause of, 503.
Regimen and medicine in, _ibid._
Treatment under a cancerous or scrophulous habit, 504.

_Thirst_, how it may be quenched when a person is hot, without danger,
132.

_Thought_, intense, destructive of health, 54.

_Thrush_ in infants, the disorder and its causes described, 547.
Medical treatment of, _ibid._

_Tinctures and elixirs_, the proper medicines to exhibit in the form
of, 696.
Preparations of the aromatic tincture, _ibid._
Compound tincture of the bark, _ibid._
Volatile fœtid tincture, _ibid._
Volatile tincture of gum guaiacum, 697.
Tincture of black hellebore, _ibid._
Astringent tincture, _ibid._
Tincture of myrrh and aloes, _ibid._
Tincture of opium, or liquid laudanum, _ibid._
Tincture of hiera picra, 698.
Compound tincture of senna, _ibid._
Tincture of Spanish flies, _ibid._
Tincture of the balsam of Tolu, _ibid._
Tincture of rhubarb, 699.

_Tissot_, Dr. character of his _Avis au Peuple_, xiv.
His medical course for the cure of the hydrophobia, 484.
His directions for gathering, preparing, and applying agaric of the
oak as a styptic, 577, _note_.
Instances from, of the recovery of drowned persons, 611.

_Tobacco_, a clyster of a decoction of, useful to excite a vomit, 606.
A clyster of the fumes of, will stimulate the intestines, and produce
a stool, 300. 610.

_Toes_, the free motion of, destroyed by wearing tight shoes, 92.

_Tooth ach_, the general causes of, 357.
Medical treatment of, _ibid._
When recourse must be had to extraction, 359.
Directions for cleaning the teeth, 360.

_Touch_, injuries to which the sense of, is liable, with the remedies
applicable to, 465.

_Towns_, great, the air of, destructive to the children of the poor,
30.
Children bred in the country ought not to be sent too early into
towns, 32.
Cleanliness not sufficiently attended to in, 101.
Ought to be supplied with plenty of water for washing the streets,
105, _note_.
The best means to guard against infection in, 109.

_Trades_, some injurious to health by making artists breathe
unwholesome air, 37. 49.

_Transitions_, sudden, from heat to cold, the ill effects of, to the
constitution, 131.

_Travellers_, the use of vinegar recommended to, 46.
Ought to be very careful not to sleep in damp beds, 128.
Fevers why often fatal to, 144.

_Trees_ should not be planted too near to houses, 79.

_Trefoil_ water, a good remedy in the rheumatism, 391,

_Tumours_, proper treatment of, 574.

_Turnbull_, Dr. his method of treating the croup in children, 558,
_note_.

_Turner’s cerate_, preparation of, 682.

V.

_Vapour_ of fermenting liquors, noxious nature of, 613.

_Vegetables_, wholesome corrections of the bad qualities of animal
food, 65.
Their extraordinary effects in the scurvy, 397.

_Venereal disease_, why omitted in the first edition of this work, 489.
Unfavourable circumstances attending this disorder, 490.
The virulent gonorrhœa, 491.
Gleets, 500.
Swelled testicles, 503.
Buboes, 504.
Chancres, 509.
Strangury, 507.
Phymosis, 509.
A confirmed lues, 510.
American method of curing this disease, 513.
General observations, 515.
Cleanliness a great preservative against, 517.
The use of medicines ought not to be hastily dropped, 519.
Is often too much disregarded, 520.

_Ventilators_, the most useful of all modern medical improvements, 78.

_Vertigo_ often produced by intense study, 57.

_Vinegar_, a great antidote against diseases, and ought to be used by
all travellers, 56.
Should be sprinkled in sick chambers, 109. 160. 199.
Is of considerable service in the bite of a mad dog, 481;
and in any kind of poison, 486.
Its medical properties, 700.
Is of use to extract the virtues of several medicinal substances,
_ibid._
How to prepare vinegar of litharge, _ibid._
Vinegar of roses, 701.
Vinegar of squills, _ibid._

_Viper_, the bite of, the sufficiency of the grease for the cure of,
doubted, 486.
Method of treatment recommended, _ibid._

_Vitriol_, elixir of, an excellent medicine in weaknesses of the
stomach, 417.
And for windy complaints, 425.

_Vitus_, St. his dance, method of cure of, 436.

_Ulcers_, proper treatment of, according to their different natures,
583.
Lime-water a good remedy, 585.
Dr. Whytt’s method of treating them, _ibid._
Fistulous ulcers, 586.

_Vomits_, their use in agues, 150;
and in the nervous fever, 191.
Caution for administering in the putrid fever, 201.
Ought by no means to be administered in an inflammation of the
stomach, 290.
Are useful in cases of repletion, 312.
Are powerful remedies in the jaundice, 372.
Are the first object to be pursued when poison has been received into
the stomach, 473.
Their use in the hooping cough, and how to administer them to
children, 286.
Midwives too rash in the use of, 540, _note_.
Form of a gentle one for infants disordered in the bowels, 545.

_Vomiting_, the several causes of, 315.
Medical treatment of, 316.
Saline draught for stopping of, 317.
Causes of, in children, 551.
How to be treated, 552.
Of blood: See _Blood_.

_Voyage_, a long one frequently cures a consumption, 178.
Voyages have an excellent effect on persons afflicted with nervous
disorders, 423.

_Ureters_, and their use, described, 303, _note_.

_Urine_, the appearances and quantity of, too uncertain to form any
determined judgment from, 123.
Dr. Cheyne’s judgment as to the due quantity of, not to be relied on,
124.
The secretion and discharge of, how obstructed, _ibid._
Bad consequences of retaining it too long, 125.
Too great a quantity of, tends to a consumption, _ibid._
Stoppage of, its general causes, 305.
Caution as to the treatment of, _ibid._
Diabetes, 319.
Incontinency of, 322.
Suppression of, medical treatment in, _ibid._
Cautions to persons subject to this disorder, 324.
Bloody, causes of, _ibid._
Medical treatment of, 344.
An obstinate deafness cured by warm urine, 462, _note_.

_Urine_ doctors, their impudence, and great success from the credulity
of the populace, 124, _note_.

_Uva ursi_, a remedy in present request for the stone, 328.

W.

_Walls_, high, unwholesome, by obstructing the free current of air, 79.

_Ward_’s essence, preparation of, 699.
His fistula paste, a popular remedy that may deserve trial, 586.

_Wars_ occasion putrid fevers, by tainting the air with the effluvia of
dead carcases, 196.

_Wasps_, hornets, or bees, how the bite of, ought to be treated, 486.

_Water_, frequently unwholesome by mineral impregnations, 67.
Cautions for the choice of, 68.
Cold, the danger of drinking when a person is hot, 131.

_Water_ in the head, is a disorder chiefly incident to children, 567.
Its causes, symptoms, and proper treatment, _ibid._
The nature of the disorder seldom discovered in due time for cure,
568, _note_.

_Waters_ by infusion, how to prepare: Lime-water, 701.
Compound lime-water, 702.
Sublimate water, _ibid._
Styptic water, _ibid._
Tar water, _ibid._

_Waters_, simple distilled, their medical uses, 703.
Preparation of cinnamon water, _ibid._
Pennyroyal water, _ibid._
Peppermint water, _ibid._
Spearmint water, _ibid._
Rose-water, 704.
Jamaica pepper water, _ibid._

_Waters_, spirituous distilled, how to prepare: Spirituous cinnamon
water, 704.
Spirituous Jamaica pepper water, _ibid._

_Watery_ eye, how to cure, 460.

_Weaning_ of children from the breast, the proper mode of, 17, 18.

_Weather_, states of, which produce the putrid fever, 195.

_Wells_, caution to persons going down into them, 77, _note_.
Deep, ought not to be entered until the air in, is purified, 614.

_Whey_, an excellent drink in a dysentery, 349;
and in the rheumatism, 390.
Orange-whey, how to make, 159.
Alum whey, 321. 704.
Mustard-whey, 705.
Scorbutic whey, _ibid._

_Whitlow_, 575.

_Whytt_, Dr. his remedies for flatulences, 444.

_Wind._ See _Flatulences_.

_Windows_, the danger of throwing them open on account of heat, and
sitting near them, 133.

_Wine_, good, almost the only medicine necessary in a nervous fever,
190.

_Wines_, the medical properties of, 705.
Their use in extracting the virtues of medicinal substances, 706.
Preparation of anthelminthic wine, _ibid._
Antimonial wine, _ibid._
Bitter wine, _ibid._
Ipecacuanha wine, 707.
Chalybeate or steel wine, _ibid._
Stomachic wine, _ibid._

_Womb_, inflammation of, its symptoms, 536.
Medical treatment of, 537.

_Women_, errors in their education pointed out, 4.
Why subject to hysterics, 66.
Are better adapted to follow sedentary occupations than men, 83,
_note_.
In child-bed, often die from their apprehensions of death, 113.
Their disorders rendered epidemical by the force of imagination, 114.
Every thing that can alarm them to be carefully guarded against,
_ibid._
Evil tendency of tolling bells for the dead, _ibid._
How exposed to a miliary fever during pregnancy, 205.
Their constitutions injured by living too much within doors, 521.
Those who work in the open air almost as hardy as men, 522.
Advice to, with reference to the menstrual discharge, _ibid._
At the commencement, 523.
_Fluor albus_, with its proper treatment, described, 529.
Advice to, at the ceasing of the menses, 530.
Rules of conduct during pregnancy, _ibid._
Causes and symptoms of abortion, 531.
How to guard against abortion, 532.
Treatment in cases of abortion, _ibid._
Instructions at the time of child-birth, 533.
Cause of the milk-fever, 537.
How to guard against the miliary fever, 538.
The puerperal fever, _ibid._
General cautions for women in child-bed, 542.
Causes of barrenness, _ibid._

_Wool_, the best external application in the gout, 383.

_Workhouses_ poisonous to infants, 30.

_Worms_, how to treat a looseness produced by, 314.
Three principal kinds of, distinguished, 365.
Symptoms of, _ibid._
Causes, 366.
Medical treatment for, 367.
Remedy for children, 368.
General cautions for preserving children from them, 370.
Danger of taking quack medicines for them, _ibid._ _note_.

_Wort_, recommended for the scurvy, and proper to drink at sea, 396.
Is a powerful remedy in cancerous cases, 471.

_Wounds_, are not cured by external applications, 575.
Are cured by nature, 576.
Proper course of treatment, _ibid._
How to stop the bleeding, _ibid._
Caution against improper styptics, 577.
Method of dressing them, 578.
Poultices for inflamed wounds, 579.
Regimen in, _ibid._

_Writing_, hints of advice to those who are much employed in, 56. 59.

Y.

_Yaws_, general hint for the cure of, 518, _note_.

_Young_ animals, all exert their organs of motion as soon as they are
able, 22.

Z.

_Zinc_, the flowers of, a popular remedy for the epilepsy, 435.

THE END.

-----

Footnote 1:

Observations on the Duties and Offices of a Physician.

Footnote 2:

Arbuthnot.

Footnote 3:

Many advantages would arise to society, as well as to individuals,
from mothers suckling their own children. It would prevent the
temptation which poor women are laid under of abandoning their
children to suckle those of the rich for the sake of gain: by which
means society loses many of its most useful members, and mothers
become in some sense the murderers of their own offspring. I am sure I
speak within the truth when I say, that not one in twenty of those
children live, who are thus abandoned by their mothers. For this
reason no mother should be allowed to suckle another’s child, till her
own is either dead, or fit to be weaned. A regulation of this kind
would save many lives among the poorer sort, and could do no hurt to
the rich, as most women who make good nurses are able to suckle two
children in succession upon the same milk.

Footnote 4:

Tacitus, the celebrated Roman historian, complains greatly of the
degeneracy of the Roman ladies in his time, with regard to the care of
their offspring. He says that, in former times, the greatest women in
Rome used to account it their chief glory to keep the house and attend
their children; but that now the young infant was committed to the
sole care of some poor Grecian wench, or other menial servant.—We are
afraid, wherever luxury and effeminacy prevail, there will be too much
ground for this complaint.

Footnote 5:

The common opinion, that the diseases of infants are hard to discover
and difficult to cure, has deterred many physicians from paying that
attention to them which they deserve. I can, however, from experience
declare, that this opinion is without foundation; and that the
diseases of infants are neither so difficult to discover, nor so ill
to cure, as those of adults.

Footnote 6:

Rousseau.

Footnote 7:

The Lacedemonians condemned their king Archidamus for having married a
weak, puny woman; because, said they, instead of propagating a race of
heroes, you will fill the throne with a progeny of changelings.

Footnote 8:

The Jews, by their laws, were, in certain cases, forbid to have any
manner of commerce with the diseased; and indeed to this all wise
legislators ought to have a special regard. In some countries,
diseased persons have actually been forbid to marry. This is an evil
of a complicated kind, a natural deformity, and political mischief;
and therefore requires a public consideration.

Footnote 9:

A friend of mine, who was several years on the coast of Africa, tells
me, that the natives neither put any clothes upon their children, nor
apply to their bodies bandages of any kind, but lay them on a pallet,
and suffer them to tumble about at pleasure; yet they are all strait,
and seldom have any disease.

Footnote 10:

This is by no means inveighing against a thing that does not happen.
In many parts of Britain at this day, a roller, eight or ten feet in
length, is applied tightly round the child’s body as soon as it is
born.

Footnote 11:

Stays made of bend-leather are worn by all the women of lower station
in many parts of England.

I am sorry to understand, that there are still mothers mad enough to
lace their daughters very tight in order to improve their shape. As
reasoning would be totally lost upon such people, I shall beg leave
just to ask them, Why there are ten deformed women for one man? and
likewise to recommend to their perusal a short moral precept, which
forbids us to _deform the human body_.

Footnote 12:

Children are always sickly in the fruit season, which may be thus
accounted for: Two-thirds of the fruit which comes to market in this
country is really unripe; and children not being in a condition to
judge for themselves, eat whatever they can lay their hands upon,
which often proves little better than a poison to their tender bowels.
Servants, and others who have the care of children, should be strictly
forbid to give them any fruit without the knowledge of their parents.

Footnote 13:

The nurse ought to be careful to keep the child in a proper position;
as deformity is often the consequence of inattention to this
circumstance. Its situation ought also to be frequently changed. I
have known a child’s legs bent all on one side, by the nurse carrying
it constantly on one arm.

Footnote 14:

If it were made the interest of the poor to keep their children alive,
we should lose very few of them. A small premium given annually to
each poor family, for every child they have alive at the year’s end,
would save more infant lives than if the whole revenue of the crown
were expended on hospitals for this purpose. This would make the poor
esteem fertility a blessing; whereas many of them think it the
greatest curse that can befal them; and in place of wishing their
children to live, so far does poverty get the better of natural
affection, that they are often very happy when they die.

Footnote 15:

It is undoubtedly the duty of parents to instruct their children, at
least till they are of an age proper to take some care of themselves.
This would tend much to confirm the ties of parental tenderness and
filial affection, of the want of which there are at present so many
deplorable instances. Though few fathers have time to instruct their
children, yet most mothers have; and surely they cannot be better
employed.

Footnote 16:

I am happy to find that the masters of academies now begin to put in
practice this advice. Each of them ought to keep a drill serjeant for
teaching the boys the military exercise. This, besides contributing to
their health and vigour of body, would have many other happy effects.

Footnote 17:

I have been told that in China, where the police is the best in the
world, all the children are employed in the easier part of gardening
and husbandry; as weeding, gathering stones off the land, and such
like.

Footnote 18:

It is amazing how children escape suffocation, considering the manner
in which they are often rolled up in flannels, &c. I lately attended
an infant, whom I found muffled up over head and ears in many folds of
flannel, though it was in the middle of June. I begged for a little
free air to the poor babe; but though this indulgence was granted
during my stay, I found it always on my return in the same situation.
Death, as might be expected, soon freed the infant from all its
miseries; but it was not in my power to free the minds of its parents
from those prejudices which proved fatal to their child.

I was very lately called to see an infant which was said to be
expiring in convulsion fits. I desired the mother to strip the child,
and wrap it in a loose covering. It had no more convulsion fits.

Footnote 19:

I have often known people so imposed upon, as to give an infant to a
nurse to be suckled who had not one drop of milk in her breast.

Footnote 20:

If a mother on visiting her child at nurse find it always asleep, I
would advise her to remove it immediately; otherwise it will soon
sleep its last.

Footnote 21:

Armstrong.

Footnote 22:

When persons heated with labour have drank cold liquor, they ought to
continue at work for some time after.

Footnote 23:

It is indeed to be regretted, that soldiers suffer not less from
indolence and intemperance in time of peace, than from hardships in
time of war. If men are idle they will be vicious. It would therefore
be of great importance, could a scheme be formed for rendering the
military, in times of peace, both more healthy and more useful. These
desirable objects might, in our opinion, be obtained, by employing
them for some hours every day, and advancing their pay accordingly. By
this means, idleness, the mother of vice, might be prevented, the
price of labour lowered, public works, as harbours, canals, turnpike
roads, &c. might be made without hurting manufactures; and soldiers
might be enabled to marry, and bring up children. A scheme of this
kind might easily be conducted, so as not to depress the martial
spirit, provided the men were only to work four or five hours every
day, and always to work without doors: no soldier should be suffered
to work too long, or to follow any sedentary employment. Sedentary
employments render men weak and effeminate, quite unfit for the
hardships of war: whereas working for a few hours every day without
doors would inure them to the weather, brace their nerves, and
increase their strength and courage.

Footnote 24: