Chapter D: W. Whittle tells of a soldier who was posted in a forest to (2)

Most royal families have a given name they employ as a sort
of distinctive dynastic hallmark. George and Frederick are
distinctively Hanoverian, as Edward is distinctively English.
The late king selected Edward rather than Albert from motives
at once filial and politic. He desired that his father should
stand alone in his glory as Albert in English history, and
Edward was associated with old and stately traditions of the
Plantagenets and Tudors. Similarly the French Bourbons usually
have a Louis or a Charles among their string of names, and the
Bonapartes never forget Napoleon at the baptismal font. The
most striking instance of reverence for a dynastic name is
found in the princely family of Reuss, in Germany. There are
two principalities of Reuss, respectively representing the
elder and the younger lines. Every reigning prince must bear
the name of Henry. Henry XXIV reigns over one principality, and
Henry XIV over the other. All the heads of the houses for nine
hundred years have been Henrys, and in a grand family council
early in the eighteenth century it was decreed that the figures
should not exceed one hundred, after which a new series should
begin with Henry I. As both branches clung to Henry a working
arrangement was patched up by which the younger line begins a
new group-numbering with each century. The first Henry born
in the twentieth century who shall mount the tiny throne must
revert to Henry I, and similarly his descendant senior among
the Henrys of the twenty-first century is foreordained to be I,
too.--Boston _Transcript_.

(845)

E

=Early Conditions in America=--See POVERTY, EARLY, OF UNITED STATES.

EARLY HABITS TELL

The tree will not only lie as it falls, but it will also fall as
it leans; that is, we shall go after what we are inclined to--is
not that so?--which makes it all in all to us what the bent of
our mind is.

Twenty years ago there were two boys in my Sabbath-school class,
bright, lively fellows, who interested me very much; only one
of them made me sometimes feel anxious. I often found him out
evenings in company with young rowdies. When I asked him how
it happened, he used to say he was only out on an errand; the
boys spoke to him, and he could not help speaking, he was sure.
Perhaps that was so, still it made me uneasy. I once said to
his mother: “Is not Willie out of nights too much?” “Willie out
nights! Oh, no; Willie does not go out nights.”

(846)

* * * * *

The other boy, whose name was Arthur, I never met among the
rowdies. His evenings, I am sure, were spent at home. I always
found him studying his lessons, or reading with his sisters, or
amusing himself at home.

That was twenty years ago. Both boys had begun to show which way
they were leaning, and how their tastes inclined them. Twenty
years will show it plainer.

The other day I heard of Willie. Somebody met him in Chicago.

“What is he?” I asked.

“A good-for-nothing, certainly, if not worse,” was the answer;
“a shabby, idle, drinking fellow, whom nobody wants to employ.”

“Oh, I’m sorry to hear it--sorry, but not surprized. I wonder
where Arthur is!”

“Arthur! Why, didn’t you know, he has just been taken into
partnership with that old firm with which he served his time?
They could not spare him, so they had to take him in.”

“Good!” I said. “It is just what I should have expected. He
learned right.”--_Young Folks._

(847)

EARLY PROMISE

Two of the most celebrated historic rivers are the Abana and
Pharpar. These streams begin their course under the most
promising auspices. Their source is in Lebanon. The Abana, now
called the Barada, is the pride and joy of the plain below.
It forces its way from the declivity where it has its cradle
through a rocky barrier and spreads out fan-like in seven
streams over the plain. “Everything lives whither the river
cometh.” A meadow, in which the whole Oriental world exults,
holds in its lap Damascus, the most beautiful garden city in
the world. Its many minarets and domes tower up above the
countless bowers in the courts of the old houses. Abana still
as ever sustains this fruitfulness and splendor. But only a few
miles from its source its waters are exhausted, for the desert
swallows it, and the Pharpar also. Both die, forming great
swamps and evaporating.

So it is with many human beings whose lives are for a few years efficient and full of promise and even performance, only very soon to flag and fade and to fall into utter desuetude. (Text.)

(848)

See GREAT MEN’S BEGINNINGS.

EARLY RELIGION

The Bible was once compared to a great tree, with its books as
branches, its chapters as twigs, and the verses as leaves. A
minister, addressing a Sunday-school gathering, announced his
text as “on the 39th branch, the 3d twig, and the 17th leaf.” He
said to his great audience, “Try to find my text.” A little lad
who was in the pulpit, owing to the crowded state of the church,
answered “Malachi, third chapter, and seventeenth verse.” The
minister said, “Right, my boy; take my place and read it out.”
It so happened the boy’s brother had died recently, and the
sight of the little curly-headed lad, only eleven years old,
with his little black gloves reading in silvery tones, “And they
shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make
up my jewels,” brought tears to many eyes. The minister laid his
hand on the boy and said, “Well done; I hope one day you will
be a minister.” The lad was Henry Drummond, afterward the loved
teacher of thousands in America and Great Britain. (Text.)

(849)

See RELIGION, EARLY.

EARNESTNESS

Professor Ticknor, speaking in one of his letters of the intense excitement with which he listened to Webster’s Plymouth address, says:

Three or four times I thought my temples would burst with the
gush of blood; for, after all, you must know that I am aware
it is no connected and compacted whole, but a collection of
wonderful fragments of burning eloquence, to which his manner
gave tenfold force. When I came out, I was almost afraid to come
near him. It seemed to me that he was like the mount that might
not be touched, and that burned with fire.

The lips of the prophet of old were touched by the live coal. No great thing is ever done without earnestness. (Text.)

(850)

* * * * *

When Patrick Henry concluded his well-known speech in March,
1775, in behalf of American independence, “no murmur of applause
followed,” says his biographer. “The effect was too deep.” After
the trance of a moment, several members of the assembly started
from their seats. The cry, “To arms!” seemed to quiver on every
lip, and glance from every eye. What was the secret of his
power? The spirit of freedom so completely filled him that it
overflowed into all other lives with which he came in contact.

Every Christian is given a message that makes for eternal
freedom. With what earnestness ought we to advocate this much
greater cause. (Text.)

(851)

EARTH, CRY OF

M. Guyau, in his “Sketch of Morality,” relates a dream that
he had. He felt himself soaring in heaven, far above the
earth, and heard a weary sound ascending as of torrents amid
mountain silence and solitude. He could distinguish human
voices--sobs mingled with thanksgiving, and groans interrupted
by benedictions; all melting into one heartrending symphony.
The sky seemed darkened. To one with him he asked, “Do you
hear that?” The angel answered, “These are the prayers of men,
ascending from the earth to God.” Beginning to cry like a child,
the dreamer exclaimed, “What tears I should shed were I that
God!” Guyau adds: “I loosened the hand of the angel, and let
myself fall down again to the earth, thinking there remained
in me too much humanity to make it possible for me to live in
heaven.”

It is that earth-cry that brings God down to help the needy.

(852)

EARTH INCREASING

Accumulations of surface-matter are astonishingly rapid.
Professor Newton estimates that 400,000,000 meteors fall to the
earth annually. These add enormous quantities of matter to the
earth, but do not, of course, account for all surface growth and
changes. Modern London is built on the site of Roman London,
but the ancient city is seventeen feet lower than the modern.
The Jerusalem streets that Jesus walked through are twenty feet
lower down than the streets of Jerusalem of to-day. One of the
most interesting resorts in that city, in the time of Christ,
was the pool of Bethsaida. Recently work being done by the
Algerian monks has laid bare a large tank cut in the solid rock
thirty feet deep.--_Public Opinion._

(853)

EARTH SOIL FOR HEAVENLY FLOWERS

The poor women in the tenements of the Whitechapel road in
London had a contest, and the flowers that took the prizes were
grown in pots that hung out in the alleys of the worst section
in London; all the roses and the jonquils being victorious over
soot and grime. And heaven is an exhibition where souls will
receive recognition and reward for their victories, the flowers
of faith and prayer and hope that bloom resplendent midst
unfriendly conditions. For time’s sweetest flowers are rooted in
earth, even while they borrow their bloom from heaven.--N.
D. HILLIS.

(854)

EARTHEN VESSEL, THE

The author of this poem is unidentified:

The Master stood in His garden
Among the lilies fair,
Which His own right hand had planted
And trained with tenderest care.

He looked at their snowy blossoms,
And marked with observant eye
That His flowers were sadly drooping,
For their leaves were parched and dry.

“My lilies need to be watered,”
The heavenly Master said.
“Wherein shall I draw it for them,
And raise each drooping head?”

Close to His feet on the pathway,
Empty and frail and small,
An earthen vessel was lying,
Which seemed of no use at all.

But the Master saw and raised it
From the dust in which it lay,
And smiled as He gently whispered,
“This shall do my work to-day.

“It is but an earthen vessel,
But it lay so close to Me.
It is small, but it is empty,
Which is all it needs to be.”

So to the fountain He took it,
And filled it to the brim,
How glad was the earthen vessel
To be of some use to Him!

He poured forth the living water
Over the lilies fair,
Until the vessel was empty,
And again He filled it there.

He watered the drooping lilies
Until they revived again,
And the Master saw with pleasure
That His labor had not been vain.

His own hand had drawn the water
That refreshed the thirsty flowers,
But He used the earthen vessel
To carry the living showers.

And to itself it whispered
As He laid it aside once more,
“Still will I lie in His pathway
Just where I did before.

“Close would I keep to the Master,
Empty would I remain,
And perhaps some day He may use me
To water His flowers again.”

(855)

=Earthly Treasures=--See TREASURES LAID UP.

EARTHQUAKES, SUPERSTITIONS ABOUT

Some Chinese attribute the latest earthquake shocks to the
water-dragon of Canton, whose anger has been raised by the
reclamation works. Coolies are dumping daily boatloads of sand
and stone on the poor dragon’s back, and the beast naturally
feels hurt.

It appears, however, that the real causes of the earthquakes
were the Macao crabs! Here is the story:

Close by the hot springs in the neighborhood of Macao stands a
small village wherein lives an old woman who has the misfortune
to be the mother of an unworthy young man whose sole occupation
is fishing. A few days previous to the first earthquake shock
experienced in Macao the young man returned home with a couple
of crabs and a few small fish.

Nothing extraordinary was noticed at first, but when the crabs
had been boiled, one of them presented a peculiar appearance, as
on the red background of its shell stood in bold relief a design
in white which resembled a Chinese character.

Neighbors were called, and the wise man of the village soon
explained that it was the king of the crabs that had found its
way into the old woman’s kettle.

Thereupon the village prophet predicted that some great calamity
would visit the unfortunate village.

Meanwhile the crabs of Macao and the neighborhood, having
learned the fate of their king, assembled in great numbers,
filling up every available hole, and started to shake the earth.
Thus was their displeasure at the death of the king crab clearly
shown.

(856)

=East, The, Amazed at Western Achievements=--See INCREDULITY.

EASTER

The Lord is risen indeed,
He is here for your love, for your need--
Not in the grave, nor the sky,
But here where men live and die;
And true the word that was said:
“Why seek ye the living among the dead?”

Wherever are tears and sighs,
Wherever are children’s eyes,
Where man calls man his brother,
And loves as himself another,
Christ lives! The angels said:
“Why seek ye the living among the dead?”

--RICHARD WATSON GILDER.

(857)

* * * * *

That Jesus lived, that Jesus died,
The ancient stories tell;
With words of wisdom, love, and truth,
That he could speak so well;
And all so great his work for man,
I hail him, brave and free,
The highest of heroic souls
Who lived and died for me.

That Jesus rose, that Jesus reigns,
The hearts that love him know;
They feel Him guide and strengthen them,
As on through life they go.
Rejoicing in His leadership,
The heavenward way I see,
And shall not stray if I can say,
He rose and reigns in me.

--A. IRVINE INNES, _The Christian Register_.

(858)

=Eastern Customs=--See EXPECTORATING; GESTURES AND USES OF THE HANDS
IN THE EAST; TABOOED TOPICS IN THE EAST.

=Eating, a Guide in=--See AFFLUENCE, THE PRINCIPLE OF.

EATING AND CHARACTER

Gluttony tends to cynicism. Coarseness and extravagance of
speech and manners go hand in hand with dietetic excesses, as,
for cognate reasons, the repulsiveness of voracious animals is
generally aggravated by a want of cleanliness. Among the natives
of the arctic regions, where climatic causes make gluttony a
pandemic vice, personal cleanliness is an almost unknown virtue,
and Kane’s anecdotes of polar household habits depict a degree
of squalor that would appal a gorilla.

Habitual abstemiousness, on the other hand, is the concomitant
of modesty, thrift, self-control, and evenness of temper,
and is compatible with heroic perseverance, tho hardly with
great energy of vital vigor. The dietetic self-denials of
Luigi Cornaro, a Venetian nobleman of the sixteenth century,
enabled him to outlive the third generation of his epicurean
relatives. During the latter decades of his long life he boasts
of having enjoyed a peace of mind unattainable by other means.
Within the bounds of reason, occasional fasts are by no means
incompatible with intellectual vigor, tho they are chiefly apt
to stimulate the activity of abstruse speculations. There are
intellectual voluptuaries whose enjoyment of mental triumphs in
controversy or cogitation seem, for the time being, actually
to deaden their craving for material food. Isaac Newton, on
the track of a cosmic secret, would send back plate after
plate of untasted meals. Percy Shelley, in the words of his
sprightly biographer, indignantly refused to alloy the nectar
of poetic inspiration with a “boarding-house soup,” and in his
creative moods rarely answered a dinner call without a sigh
of regret. Benedict Spinoza, amid the parchment piles of his
bachelor den, would fast for days in the ecstacy of his “_Gott
trunken_”--“God-intoxicated”--meditations. Intermittent
denutrition undoubtedly tends to clear off the cobwebs of the
brain. (Text.)--FELIX OSWALD, _Open Court_.

(859)

ECCENTRICITY

The _Youth’s Companion_ tells this incident about the peculiar moods of Turner, the artist, in the matter of selling his pictures:

At times nothing could induce him to part with one of them, and
at other times he would receive a customer with the greatest
affability of voice and manner, and readily settle upon the sum
to be paid for one of his treasures.

On one occasion, when he was offered one thousand pounds apiece
for some old sketchbooks, he turned them over leaf by leaf
before the eyes of the would-be purchaser, saying, “Well, would
you really like to have them?”

Then, just as the man proceeded to take possession of the books,
Turner, with a tantalizing “I dare say you would!” suddenly
thrust them into a drawer and turned the key in the lock,
leaving the customer dumb with indignation.

On another occasion a rich manufacturer of Birmingham managed to
secure an entrance into the artist’s house, after considerable
parley with the disagreeable janitress whom Turner employed. He
hurried up-stairs to the gallery. In a moment Turner dashed out
upon him with anything but a hospitable air. The visitor bowed
politely and introduced himself, saying he had come to buy some
pictures.

“Don’t want to sell,” said the artist gruffly.

“Have you ever seen our Birmingham pictures, Mr. Turner?”
inquired the visitor blandly.

“Never heard of ’em,” returned the artist.

The manufacturer now took an attractive package of crisp
Birmingham bank-notes from his wallet.

“Mere paper,” said Turner contemptuously.

“To be bartered for mere canvas,” retorted the visitor calmly,
waving his hand in the direction of some paintings.

This ready wit and tone of cool depreciation had the effect
of putting the erratic artist in a good humor at once. He
changed his manner immediately, and not long after his visitor
departed, having bought several fine paintings, and leaving the
comfortable sum of five thousand pounds behind him.

(860)

See ODD BEHAVIOR.

ECHOES

The explanations provided by the method of fairy tales are
based upon the evidence of things that can not be perceived and
upon assumptions that can not be tested. Take, for instance,
the explanation of an echo; to the primitive mind, hearing the
repetition of its shout, and conscious of only speaking once,
is it not inevitable one should suppose that the shout came
from another person? A futile search in the wood or under the
cliff would lead to the thought that the person was hiding,
and the more naturally, as on coming to the cliff whence the
shout seemed to come one’s call would receive no answer. As at
other times such mocking answers would always come from the
same place, what more natural than to think that some person
or spirit dwelt there? Hence such a story as Lander tells of
his voyage down the Niger: “As they came to a creek the captain
shouted, and where an echo was returned half a glass of rum and
a piece of yam and fish were thrown into the water. On asking
the reason why he was throwing away the provisions thus, he
was answered: ‘Did you not hear the fetish?’ And so, in South
Pacific myth, echo is the first and parent fairy to whom divine
honors are paid as the giver of food, and as she ‘who speaks to
the worshipers out of the rocks.’”--WILLIAM SCHOOLING,
_Westminster Review_.

(861)

=Economic Injustice=--See INJUSTICE.

ECONOMIC MOTIVES

We know that an extremely severe medical examination is imposed
upon immigrants to the United States, and that entrance into
this country is pitilessly denied to those who seem even merely
puny and sickly. The result of this examination is that the
ocean transportation companies must return to their countries,
at their own cost, rejected immigrants. To avoid this expense,
the companies of the various countries have decided to take all
the precautions necessary for protecting the health of their
passengers. Thus, at Hamburg a company has had great halls built
to shelter emigrants during their stay in the port before their
embarkation; and, the results having been favorably recognized,
they are going to build booths, capable of containing each
120 beds, arranged in accordance with the rules of up-to-date
hygiene, each group of four booths to be provided with a special
booth fitted up as a laundry, with vapor-baths, etc. We know,
on the other hand, that the establishment of sanatoriums for
consumptives had its origin in Germany in similar anxieties on
the part of the insurance companies. Thus it is that the care
of the pocketbook is still the surest motive power of social
progress. (Text.)

(862)

ECONOMY

We are enjoined to “lay aside every weight” in our Christian career. One way to do this is to study the art of reducing our necessities to the lowest terms, like this umbrella:

A twenty-six-inch umbrella that will fold up and go in an inside
pocket without crowding has been invented and constructed by a
Minneapolis man, we are told in _The American Inventor_.
Says this paper: “This seems almost incredible until the secret
is told. The handle and all the ribs consist of fine and very
strong steel tubes, in sections, which telescope one inside the
other. The covering is of very fine silk, which takes up but
little room. The wooden handle of the umbrella is hollow and
receives all the rest of the telescoping umbrella-rod when shut
up. A small and light case is provided to contain the whole,
which, as stated, goes easily into the pocket. If such a device
can be made and sold for a reasonable price there is little to
prevent the owner from making a fortune; there are few men who
would not welcome an umbrella which could be always carried
without inconvenience, and which could be put out of the way of
the borrower-who-never-returns, when entering a public place,
such as a restaurant.” (Text.)

(863)

* * * * *

In the packing business nothing is lost but “the squeal of the
pig.” Every part of an animal is now valuable. Much of the
profit of a packing-house now comes from byproducts, like hair,
entrails and the like, that once were thrown away.

(864)

* * * * *

You do not see to-day as many of the old peach or pea or salmon
or tomato cans emptied of their contents and thrown about in the
vacant lot or in the rubbish heap of the private family or the
general garbagepile of the community. It was a real nuisance to
have so many of these useless “cast-offs” accumulating under eye
and foot. And with the increased use of canned goods this was
becoming more and more so. Loads of these refuse cans are now
gathered every year and are made into shining sheets which are
used as a covering and decoration of traveling trunks. Enough
tin refuse is taken from the ash-heaps to keep several mills
employed in turning this waste into products for the markets.
Even the solder which is saved from these cast-away cans brings
twelve cents per pound, and yields an income that pays well for
the pains of gathering this rubbish. Window-sash weights are
made out of the tops and bottoms of these old cans, while the
body of the can is cleaned and rolled anew, and made serviceable
for trunk covering.--G. P. PERRY, “Wealth from Waste.”

(865)

* * * * *

Have you ever, in hours of illness or of great preoccupation,
performed some piece of work; undertaken, for example, some
long-drawn piece of needlework, and woven your thoughts into the
leaves and flowers? Through force of association, your inner
experience and your work were henceforth completely identified,
and after many years you could still say to yourself: This
flower recalls the day when I was expecting news of my sick
and absent son. I wavered between fear and hope and my hand
trembled. Something of his fever has remained in this frail
stem.... Here is a swallow that I embroidered after I had
received happy tidings that reassured me and announced his near
return. Never shall I be able to look at it without thinking of
all the joy of which a mother’s heart is capable!

The labor involved in economy is like these patient toils. The
little pennies also have their story. This story is made up of
watchfulness, of cares, of tenderness, of sublime sacrifice.
Never will the large sums of nameless money attain to the power
of signification possest by these little pennies amassed one by
one, put carefully away, to which one has said: Little penny,
I keep you to-day in order that you may keep me to-morrow; I
give you a post of honor; the day when misery approaches my
sill and threatens to cross it, you will cry out: you may not
pass!--CHARLES WAGNER, “The Gospel of Life.”

(866)

See WASTE, THE PROBLEM OF.

=Economy by Inventions=--See LABOR-SAVING INVENTIONS.

ECONOMY, DIVINE

The autographs of musicians who in life could not write a check
for a crust of bread have in death been sold for fabulous sums.
Not long ago at a sale in Berlin two of Beethoven’s letters
sold for $187 and $200 each. A letter of Chopin brought $250,
a visiting-card of Haydn $20 and a letter $427, two letters of
Schubert $777, four letters of Wagner $322, a scrap of writing
of Mozart sold for $276, while a Gluck manuscript changed hands
at $1,000. Some of these men in life hardly received enough for
their services to keep their musical souls connected with their
emaciated bodies; but they wasted themselves in pouring out
their immortal melodies, and this generation is putting down its
gold for mere scraps of paper that had felt the touch of their
dead hands! Of course, their service and music are not lost; but
look! God does not even allow the screeds of paper, which were
once crumpled by their perished fingers, to be lost, either!
While their music is filling the world with its sweetness God is
even picking up the tattered, torn, broken fragments blown by
cruel winds up and down the desert of their lives, that nothing
be lost!--F. F. SHANNON.

(867)

ECONOMY, ENGLISH VERSUS AMERICAN

When Thomas Hughes, author of “Tom Brown at Oxford,” who had
experience in American concerns in his endeavor to plant an
English colony in Tennessee, was in Boston a few years ago,
he was asked, according to the Boston _Post_, why it was
that cooperative distribution which had proved so successful
in England, had never succeeded in America. “Simply,” he said,
“because you Americans do not know what economy is in the sense
in which people practise it in England. Many a workingman at
home will walk two miles to the cooperative store with his
basket on his arm, and do it in his bare feet at that, to save a
shilling on his weekly purchase. No American mechanic would do
that.”

(868)

=Economy in Metal=--See MAGNETISM.

ECONOMY IN WORK

The editor of the Louisville _Christian Observer_ is the author of the following:

Coming down to the office one frosty morning we saw a workman
kneeling on the pavement trying to hammer straight a bent
rusty nail. The pavement was slippery, the nail was obdurate,
the man’s gloved hands were clumsy, the only tool he had was
a stone. Consequently, he had lost much time and quite all of
his temper and was using language that is never heard in polite
society. Economy is a good thing, but now and again is it not
better to leave the bent nail to itself, at least until a moment
of leisure comes, and take a straight, new nail from the box?
In our church work are there not old, bent, rusty methods that
should be abandoned? Always is it not wisdom to seek formation
of character rather than reformation--to endeavor to keep the
nail straight instead of pounding it so later? And in conducting
the financial affairs of our churches is there not often an
economy that really is wastefulness? A spiritual new nail is a
good thing to be put into the hand of the master of assemblies
that he may drive it into a sure place. (Text.)

(869)

ECONOMY OF ENERGY

In a shoe factory I was once shown an attachment to the
sewing and other machines which caused the machine to stop
whenever its work was done. When one button-hole was made the
mechanism paused until it was given another task to do, so
that no power was wasted, and no useless wear permitted. And
the superintendent said: “That little iron ‘trick’ cost us two
hundred dollars, but it saves us thousands of dollars every year
in wear and tear of machinery and in attendance. It enables
one operator to take care of two, three, and sometimes more
machines.” Here, at least, is a hint that is intelligible and
available to us all. How much longer would our youth stay by us
if we had this life-saving attachment affixt; if we could only
stop when a given task is done; if we did but apply ourselves
but once to the one thing. (Text.)--VYRNWY MORGAN, “The
Cambro-American Pulpit.”

(870)

* * * * *

We--at least persons who have passed middle age--have only a
certain amount of reserve force, and all that we draw upon in
hurries is abstracted from that which should be distributed
through the remainder of life. The secret of longevity is
probably skill in so economizing the reserve of vital energy
as to make it last out an unusual period. Persons who begin
unusual exercises in youth may adapt their constitutions to the
habit, and may thereby hold on to their full term of life; but
this can not be done safely if one waits till mature age before
beginning.--_Public Opinion._

(871)

=Economy of Healthful Foods=--See HEALTH, ECONOMICS OF.

ECONOMY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

It is hardly conceivable that the economic waste represented
by the neglect of the marine forests and gardens will be
much longer continued. The only vegetation that exists upon
two-thirds of the superficial area of the earth is seaweed.
This vegetation ought to contribute to the support of the
population of the land surface of the globe to such an extent
that the question of food supply--the nightmare of scientific
inquirers into the probable future of civilization and of the
human race--need worry no one. (Text.)--_The Technical World
Magazine._

(872)

EDUCATION

A scientific man recently said, “You can not manufacture
diamonds.” To a certain extent this has been disputed, for
another famous scientist claims that he has produced genuine
diamonds, tho too minute to be of commercial value. In the
pastoral epistles of Paul minute descriptions are given by
the apostles concerning the true furnishing of the minister of
Christ.

The members of a congregation said of their new minister that
they had got hold of “a gem of a pastor.” No college had made
him a gem, but it was equally true that the excellent curriculum
through which he had passed in a theological institution had
polished him. He was not mere ministerial paste, but being a
rough diamond when he went in, those who trained him sent him
out cut and polished.

(873)

* * * * *

I discovered on a leafless sapling near my window two birds, an
adult phœbe and a young one apparently lately out of the nest.
The elder kept up a running talk, occasionally darting out after
a passing insect, which--I was surprized and amused to see--she
carried to the little tree, and, after the youngster had seen
it and opened its mouth to receive it, she swallowed herself!
upon which the youth uttered a wailing cry. Then would come
another long talk, and at every pause a complaining note from
the infant. Several times these performances were repeated. Then
the elder flew away, when at once the little one began to look
out for himself, actually flying out, and once or twice while
I looked succeeding in securing his prey.--OLIVE THORNE
MILLER, “The Bird Our Brother.”

(874)

* * * * *

To what shall I liken education? I would liken education to a
voyage: A great ship rides in dock near a flat shore covered
with small, low houses, and troops of little people go on board.
The ship swings away from the wharf and makes out for the open
sea. Captain, mates, and most of the crew know the course and
the haven; but the passengers never crossed before. It is a
long, long, voyage through storm and calm, through cold and
heat; a voyage of years; a voyage that tests faith. The years
pass and the little people grow and grow. During the voyage most
of the passengers go overboard into the open sea; but some make
the voyage to arrive at a coast with mountains and valleys,
cities and castles, a world of powers and of activities unseen
by the dwellers upon the low coast on the other side of the sea
of life.

Such is education. And the question is how to keep the
passengers on board until the ship makes harbor.--WILLIAM
ESTABROOK CHANCELLOR, “Proceedings of the National
Education Association,” 1909.

(875)

* * * * *

John Stuart Mill, in his autobiography, says concerning his education:

The children of educated parents frequently grow up unenergetic
because they lean on their parents, and the parents are
energetic for them. The education which my father gave me was in
itself much more fitted for training me to know than to do.

(876)

See PRODIGY, A; THINGS, NOT BOOKS.

EDUCATION ADAPTED TO CAPACITY

Everybody has been trying to cut his garments by a measure
which was good for somebody else at some other place and time.
The strenuous pressure of life’s struggle for preservation has
differentiated men into soldiers, merchants, advocates, poets,
priests, laborers, and farmers, but it is not yet admitted
generally that it would be well to study the child’s qualities
and train him for his best future. Owners of cattle and horses
can not and do not afford to do anything else; man alone is
wasted in efforts to make every boy an attorney-at-law and every
girl a piano-player. One boy in a thousand can become a good
lawyer, and not much more than one in a thousand is needed. One
girl in five hundred may learn to play a piano fairly well,
and one in a thousand may have the genius which will give her
piano-playing the touch of life. Health and joy in labor are
the best education. Work is best done when it is the natural
exercise of faculty. The boy learns if he does nothing but play
until he is mature. It is not a good education, but sometimes it
is better than a wrong education.--Kansas City _Times_.

(877)

=Education, All-round=--See COMPREHENSIVENESS IN EDUCATION.

=Education, Complexity in=--See MASTERHAND, LACKING THE.

=Education Due to Missionaries=--See MISSIONARY ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

EDUCATION BY TRAVEL

The St. Louis _Post-Dispatch_ noted the educational results of the cruise of the American fleet around the world in 1908:

“The most gigantic correspondence school in the history of
education, with free courses in foreign travel, geography and
natural history, is,” says the St. Louis _Post-Despatch_,
“now in operation throughout the entire United States, and
particularly in the West and Southwest. The instructors are the
15,000 sailors on Uncle Sam’s peace cruise around the world
and the students are their relatives and friends, totaling
200,000 to a quarter of a million souls. The text-books are
the shoals of entertaining and instructive letters from the
fleet which are flooding the whole country with every mail,
with throngs of picture post-cards as graphic illustrations.
From Honolulu, Auckland, New Zealand and Sydney, Australia,
tons of letters are now on their way to the loved ones at home,
bearing vivid lessons in the civilization of the Pacific islands
and the antipodes. All over the country forgotten text-books
on geography are being resurrected from dusty chests, so that
mothers, sisters and sweethearts may chart each day the course
pursued by the fleet. Book-stores report a largely increased
sale of maps, globes and charts, due to an awakened interest in
the remote sections of the earth. To the hundred or so families
in St. Louis which have relatives with the fleet have come
voluminous and thrilling letters, making them more familiar with
Trinidad than they are with Porto Rico, and better acquainted
with Magdalena Bay than they are with Charleston harbor. Such
letters as these, spreading information broadcast in the land,
are proving a vast engine against provincialism, ignorance
and narrowness, and affording a cosmopolitan education to
multitudes.”

(878)

EDUCATION, HIGHER

A good illustration of the monetary value of higher education
in chemistry and mining is seen when one compares Germany and
England. Both countries have the same kind of iron ore and the
same coal supply. England has the advantage of having her coal
nearer the iron fields. In 1880 England mined and produced
8,000,000 tons of pig-iron per year, while Germany’s product was
only 3,000,000. Since that time Germany has supported handsomely
her great technical universities and sent out each year into
her industries a stream of highly-trained experts, with the
result that in 1907, while England’s production had risen from
8,000,000 to only 9,000,000 tons per year, Germany’s had risen
from 3,000,000 to 13,000,000. It is more significant still that
from 1900 to 1908 German iron brought on the average nearly
$19 per ton, while English iron brought only $13 per ton, a
difference of nearly 50 per cent in favor of the iron made by
the better-educated German producer. This one result of these
great German technical institutions would alone add $190,000,000
per year to German wealth if the iron were sold as raw pig-iron.
As a matter of fact, a large part of this iron is made up into
all sorts of manufactured products, made possible by their high
technical education, and these products are exported and sold at
many times the price of the raw pig-iron--New York _Evening
Post_.

(879)

EDUCATION NOT VICARIOUS

William has been to school for over a year, and his teacher
says to him one day: “Now, William, I am afraid your father
will think that I am not doing well by you; you must write
a composition--you must send your father a good composition
to show what you are doing.” Well, William never did write
a composition, and he does not know how. “Oh, write about
something that you do know about--write about your father’s
farm,” and so, being goaded to his task, William says: “A cow
is a useful animal. A cow has four legs and two horns. A cow
gives good milk. I love good milk.--William Bradshaw.” The
master looks over his shoulder and says: “Pooh! your father will
think you are a cow. Here, give me that composition, I’ll fix
it.” So he takes it home and fixes it. Here it reads: “When the
sun casts off the dusky garments of the night, and appearing
o’er the orient hills, sips the dew-drops pendant from every
leaf, the milkmaid goes a-field, chanting her matin song,” and
so on, and so on. Now, I say that, rhetorically, the master’s
composition was unspeakably better than William’s; but as a part
of William’s education, his poor, scrawly lines are unspeakably
better than the one that has been “fixt” for him.--HENRY
WARD BEECHER.

(880)

=Education of Indians=--See INDIANS, AMERICAN.

=Education, Self=--See READING BY SCHEDULE.

EDUCATION TO BE PRIZED

Wesley himself, however, had a scholar’s hate of ignorance, and
he toiled with almost amusing diligence to educate his helpers.
He insisted that they should be readers, and scourged them with
a very sharp whip if he found them neglecting their books. Thus
he writes to one:

“Your talent in preaching does not increase. It is just the
same as it was seven years ago. It is lively, but not deep.
There is little variety; there is no compass of thought.
Reading only can supply this, with daily meditation and daily
prayer. You wrong yourself greatly by omitting this. You can
never be a deep preacher without it, any more than a thorough
Christian.”--W. H. FITCHETT, “Wesley and His Century.”

(881)

=Educational Growth=--See NEED, MEETING CHILDREN’S.

EFFACEMENT OF SINS

We are reminded of the promise that God will “blot out” our transgressions by the following incident:

John Maynard was in an old-time country schoolhouse. Most of
the year he had drifted carelessly along, but in midwinter some
kind words from his teacher roused him to take a new start,
and he became distinctly a different boy, and made up for the
earlier faults. At the closing examination he passed well, to
the great joy of his father and mother, who were present. But
the copy-books used through the year were all laid on a table
for the visitors to look at; and John remembered that his
copy-book, fair enough in its latter pages, had been a dreary
mass of blots and bad work before. He watched his mother looking
over those books, and his heart was sick. But she seemed, to
his surprize, quite pleased with what she saw, and called his
father to look with her; and afterward John found that his kind
teacher had thoughtfully torn out all those bad, blotted leaves,
and made his copy-book begin where he started to do better.
(Text.)--FRANKLIN NOBLE, “Sermons in Illustration.”

(882)

=Effects from Other’s Deeds=--See VICARIOUSNESS.

=Effort, Progress by=--See WANT BRINGS PROGRESS.

=Effort Renewed=--See EXTREMITY NOT FINAL.

EGOISM

It is Nietzsche’s philosophy that each man should care only for himself. This philosophy is applied in the following incident. Many still apply it in their social conduct:

It was no very unusual sight in China, to see a thief running
for all he was worth, pursued by two or three vociferating men
or lads. But the crowd always made way for the thief, and never
a foot nor a hand was put out to stop him, “He did not rob me;
why should I stop him?” (Text.)

(883)

EGOTISM

Miss Gordon Cumming tells how she heard in Japan a bird which
seemed to have for its sole note, “Me! Me! Me!” She and her
party called it “the me-bird.”

There are numerous “me birds” that belong to the human family. They might also be called “ay, ay birds.”

(884)

* * * * *

In Delhi once stood a temple whose ceiling was set with
diamonds, and beneath which stood the throne of the divine
peacock. The jewels in this temple were worth $30,000,000. On
the marble pedestal of the throne, in Arabic, were these words,
“If ever there were paradise on earth, it is here, it is here,
it is here.” But the facts are that this temple was built by
poor slaves, many of whom died of starvation and cruelty while
in the act of building it. This temple represents intensity
without breadth. Treasures and education have been concentrated
to produce an awful kind of egotism. Men and women have been
known to be sublimely beautiful within themselves, but in
relation to others ugly, hollow, and deformed, their narrowness
grating rudely on the finer sensibilities. (Text.)--VYRNWY
MORGAN, “The Cambro-American Pulpit.”

(885)

See SELF-MEASUREMENT.

=Egyptian Builders=--See BUILDERS, ANCIENT.

ELECT, THE

Two modern statements of the doctrine of “election,” neither of
which would quite satisfy John Calvin or Jonathan Edwards, are
given in _The Congregationalist_.

One was Henry Ward Beecher’s epigrammatic and convincing phrase:
“The elect are whosoever will; the non-elect are whosoever
won’t.”

Good as this is, there is another explanation that is a star of
equal magnitude. It was made by a colored divine, who said:

“Brethren, it is this way. The Lord, He is always voting for a
man; and the devil, he is always voting against him. Then the
man himself votes, and that breaks the tie.” (Text.)

(886)

=Electricity and Tree-cutting=--See IMPROVEMENT.

ELECTRICITY, WONDERS OF

In 1856 Dr. R. S. Storrs said:

Not a century has passed since Franklin first drew the lightning
from the skies; and yet already man prints with it, paints with
it, writes with it, engraves with it, talks with it, cures with
it, and is ever finding out new uses for its strength. The
cunning Hermes has himself come to earth, to run on errands for
men, and no more for the gods. His traveling-rod, enwreathed
with serpents, is now a wire, transmitting thoughts. His golden
sandals are sparks of lightning; and he forwards our commerce,
as he never could the ancient.

(887)

ELECTRIFICATION, SPIRITUAL

From the following illustration of electrical contact, Rev. William Arthur draws the moral that if we would be spiritually electrified we must draw nigh to God.

When a lecturer on electricity wants to show an example of a
human body surcharged with his fire, he places a person on a
stool with glass legs. The glass serves to isolate him from
the earth, because it will not conduct the fire--the electric
fluid. Were it not for this, however much might be poured into
his frame, it would be carried away by the earth; but, when thus
isolated from it, he retains all that enters him. You see no
fire, you hear no fire; but you are told that it is pouring into
him. Presently, you are challenged to the proof, asked to come
near, and hold your hand close to his person; when you do so, a
spark of fire shoots out toward you.

(888)

=Elements and Structures=--See DESTRUCTION, GRADUAL.

ELEVATION

Many of life’s hidden mysteries would be clear to us, if we could see them as God does--from above.

Many times aeronauts, carried out to sea, have made this curious
observation: the higher they are, the more pellucid the water
seems, enabling them to see, more and more clearly, the bottom,
with its rocks and seaweed. In crossing the English Channel,
which is not very deep, especially near Calais, the bottom may
be easily seen, and a submarine could be followed there in all
its evolutions. (Text.)--ERNEST CONSTET, _Revue
Scientifique_.

(889)

* * * * *

I remember an old woodsman in the Adirondack forest who used to
say that he wanted to go to the top of a certain mountain as
often as his legs would carry him because it gave him such a
feeling of “heaven-up-histedness.” That is an uncouth, humble,
eloquent phrase to describe the function of a great literature.

Unless above himself he can Erect himself, how mean a thing is
man!

I want the books that help me out of the vacancy and despair of
a frivolous mind, out of the tangle and confusion of a society
that is busied in bric-a-brac, out of the meanness of unfeeling
mockery and the heaviness of incessant mirth, into a higher and
serener region, where through the clear air of serious thoughts
I can learn to look soberly and bravely upon the mingled misery
and splendor of human existence, and then go down with a
cheerful courage to play a man’s part in the life which Christ
has forever ennobled by His divine presence. (Text.)--HENRY
VAN DYKE, _The British Weekly_.

(890)

ELEVATION AND VISION

A man once brought a young eagle home for his boys to play with.
They were delighted and took it out to the barnyard to see it
fly. But the eaglet would rather walk about among the hens
and pick up wheat. The boys tossed it up in the air, but all
their efforts were only in vain, for it flapped its great wings
awkwardly, as if not knowing what to do with them and dropt back
to the earth. The boys told their father of their inability to
make the bird fly. Taking the eaglet under his arm, he called
the boys with him to the mountain. As they were ascending the
summit the bird began to open its eyes wider and wider. When
they reached the peak, the eaglet began to expand its wings, and
as it caught a vision of the unfettered blue bathed in the light
of the rising sun, it soared away out of sight.

So it is in human life. It requires a vision of the heights to
inspire a soul to its best flight. (Text.)

(891)

Climbing the stairs into the helmet of the Statue of Liberty
gives one a splendid view of the harbor and lower section of New
York. It is a toilsome, knee-straining business. But the vision
is worth the effort.

One must reach the high places if he would get a vision of the
King in His beauty and an outlook over the kingdom that is to
be.--C. J. GREENWOOD.

(892)

ELOQUENCE

The storm that whirls among the mountains, the stoop of the
whirlwind that wrenches the tree from its bed in the soil, the
utmost rage of oceanic commotions--they have not that dominant
power upon them to start our spirits, and carry our sympathies
to an equal agitation, which eloquence has when it utters the
force of one aroused soul.--RICHARD S. STORRS.

(893)

See AGE AND ORATORY; EARNESTNESS; LORD’S PRAYER INTERPRETED.

=Eloquence of Deeds=--See DEEDS THAT TALK.

EMANCIPATION

Every artist who works upon his canvas or upon the stone, or rears up stately fabrics, expressing something nobler to men, giving some form to their ideals and aspirations--every such man also is working for the largeness and so for the liberty of men. And every mother who sits by the cradle, singing to her babe the song which the angels sing all the way up to the very throne, she, too, is God’s priestess, and is working for the largeness of men, and so for their liberty. Whoever teaches men to be truthful, to be virtuous, to be enterprising; in short, whoever teaches manhood, emancipates men.--HENRY WARD BEECHER.

(894)

=Embarrassment=--See FEAR OF MAN.

EMBELLISHMENT OF PREACHING

The Telugus often embellish their sermons to an extent
inconceivably funny. A smart young preacher, a graduate of
Ramapatam Seminary, in telling of the resurrection of Lazarus,
said that he arose from the dead when called, tied his clothing
about him (the Hindu’s idea of dressing), put on a beautiful
head-cloth, raised an umbrella, and came walking out of the
tomb. The force of the climax would appeal to any one who lived
in India. An umbrella is such a sign of distinction that people
who own one often carry it open in the night even tho there has
been no rain for six months.

(895)

EMBLEMS

An apple is the emblem of the fall; held in the hand of Jesus
Christ it signifies redemption. A cluster of grapes is the
emblem of “Christ’s blood shed for us.” It is also the emblem
of abundance and prosperity. The vine is a symbol of Christ. It
is also an emblem of abundance. Wheat is an emblem of Christ as
the “Bread of Life”; also of abundance and rejoicing. The olive
is the emblem of peace and concord. The palm is the symbol of
martyrdom. The pomegranate is the emblem of the future life and
of immortality.--_The Decorator and Furnisher._

(896)

See COLORS AS EMBLEMS.

EMERGENCY

Men who had been with Mr. Hearst in San Francisco were reminded
of the night he came into _The Examiner_ office and heard
of a man that had been seen on a half-submerged rock in the bay,
with the tide rising and certain to overwhelm him. In the office
they were wondering how he got there.

“What difference does it make how he got there?” Mr. Hearst
cut in. “Get him off first and find out afterward. Charter
tugs, call for volunteers, and save his life--that’s the main
thing.” They went out with the tugs (it was a wild night),
and rescued the man just before the seas rose over the rock.
(Text.)--CHARLES R. RUSSELL, _Harper’s Weekly_.

(897)

=Emergency Devices=--See DECEPTION JUSTIFIED.

EMIGRATION, CONQUEST BY

The martial resources of China are not yet developed, but that astute people have hit upon another plan to conquer and hold that which they regard as their own. A current news item from that country says:

China’s chief method of recovering Manchuria is to overrun it
with emigrants from the congested mother country, and this plan
has worked so well that already Japanese newspapers complain
that the Japanese are losing both trade and ground there. Soon
after the peace of Portsmouth the Chinese government contributed
two million taels for emigration; free transportation began, at
the beginning of the year, and in the spring months following
as many as three thousand to four thousand coolies got off the
train at Harbin daily. The Russians, who, before the war,
considered themselves masters of the northern regions, are
realizing that they are being crowded out altogether.

This is a suggestion of the peaceful but powerful forces that are at work in changing the map of the world.

(898)

EMOTION

What made Paganini so exceptionally great was the portentous
development, the strength and independence, of the emotional
fountain within. The whole of life was to him nothing but so
many successions of psychological heat and cold. Incidents
immediately became clothed with a psychic atmosphere--perhaps
the life of emotion was never so completely realized in itself,
and for itself, as in the soul-isolation of Paganini. What
the tempest had told him his violin would proclaim; what the
summer night had whispered was stereotyped in his soul, and the
midnight song of birds came forth from the Cremona depths at his
bidding.--H. R. HAWEIS, “My Musical Memories.”

(899)

See FEELINGS A FOUNTAIN.

=Employe, Devoted=--See SERVICE, INTERESTED.

EMPLOYER, A GOOD