Chapter XX: Leo XIII (2)

Peter 67 Linus 67-79 Anacletus 79-90 Clement 90-99 Evaristus 99-107 Alexander I. 107-116 Sixtus I. 116-125 Telesphorus 125-136 Hyginus 136-140 Pius I. 140-154 Anicetus 154-165 Soter 165-174 Eleutherius 174-189 Victor 189-198 Zephyrinus 198-217 Callistus I. 217-222 Urban I. 222-230 Pontianus 230-235 Anterus 235-236 Fabian 236-250 Cornelius 251-253 Lucius I. 253-254 Stephen I. 254-257 Sixtus II. 257-258 Dionysius 259-268 Felix I. 269-274 Eutychian 275-283 Caius 283-296 Marcellinus 296-304 Marcellus 308-309 Eusebius 309 Melchiades 311-314 Silvester I. 314-335 Marcus 336 Julius I. 337-352 Liberius 352-366 Damasus I. 366-384 Siricius 384-398 Anastasius I. 398-401 Innocent I. 402-417 Zozimus 417-418 Boniface I. 418-422 Celestine I. 422-432 Sixtus III. 432-440 Leo I. 440-461 Hilarius 461-468 Simplicius 468-483 Felix II. 483-492 Galasius I. 492-496 Anastasius II. 496-498 Symmachus 498-514 Hormisdas 514-523 John I. 523-526 Felix III. 526-530 Boniface II. 530-532 John II. 533-535 Agapetus I. 535-536 Silverius 536-538 Vigilius 538-555 Pelagius I. 556-561 John III. 561-574 Benedict I. 575-579 Pelagius II. 579-590 Gregory I. 590-604 Sabinianus 604-606 Boniface III. 607 Boniface IV. 608-615 Deusdedit 615-618 Boniface V. 619-625 Honorius I. 625-638 Severinus 638-640 John IV. 640-642 Theodore I. 642-649 Martin I. 649-655 Eugene I. 654-657 Vitalian 657-672 Adeodatus 672-676 Donus 676-678 Agatho 678-681 Leo II. 682-683 Benedict II. 684-685 John V. 685-686 Conon 686-687 Sergius I. 687-701 John VI. 701-705 John VII. 705-707 Sisinnius 708 Constantine 708-715 Gregory II. 715-731 Gregory III. 731-741 Zachary 741-752 Stephen II. 752 Stephen II. (III.) 752-757 Paul I. 757-767 Stephen III. (IV.) 768-772 Hadrian I. 772-795 Leo III. 795-816 Stephen IV. (V.) 816-817 Paschal I. 817-824 Eugene II. 824-827 Valentine 827 Gregory IV. 827-844 Sergius II. 844-847 Leo IV. 847-855 Benedict III. 855-858 Nicholas I. 858-867 Hadrian II. 867-872 John VIII. 872-882 Marinus I. (or Martin II.) 882-884 Hadrian III. 884-885 Stephen V. (VI.) 885-891 Formosus 891-896 Boniface VI. 896 Stephen VI. (VII.) 896-897 Romanus 897 Theodore II. 897 John IX. 898-900 Benedict IV. 900-903 Leo V. 903 Christopher 903-904 Sergius III. 904-911 Anastasius III. 911-913 Lando 913-914 John X. 914-928 Leo VI. 928 Stephen VII. (VIII.) 928-931 John XI. 931-936 Leo VII. 936-939 Stephen VIII. (IX.) 939-942 Marinus II. (Martin III.) 942-946 Agapetus II. 946-955 John XII. 955-964 Leo VIII. 963-965 Benedict V. 964-965 John XIII. 965-972 Benedict VI. 973-974 Benedict VII. 974-983 John XIV. 983-984 Boniface VII. 984-985 John XV. 985-986 Gregory V. 986-996 John XVI. 997-998 Silvester II. 999-1003 John XVII. 1003 John XVIII. 1003-1009 Sergius IV. 1009-1012 Benedict VIII. 1012-1024 John XIX. 1024-1032 Benedict IX. 1032-1045 Gregory VI. 1045-1046 Clement II. 1046-1047 Damasus II. 1048 Leo IX. 1049-1054 Victor II. 1055-1057 Stephen IX. (X.) 1057-1058 Benedict X. 1058-1059 Nicholas II. 1059-1061 Alexander II. 1061-1073 Gregory VII. 1073-1085 Victor III. 1087 Urban II. 1088-1099 Paschal II. 1099-1118 Gelasius II. 1118-1119 Callistus II. 1119-1124 Honorius II. 1124-1130 Innocent II. 1130-1143 Celestine II. 1143-1144 Lucius II. 1144-1145 Eugene III. 1145-1153 Anastasius IV. 1153-1154 Hadrian IV. 1154-1159 Alexander III. 1159-1181 Lucius III. 1181-1185 Urban III. 1185-1187 Gregory VIII. 1187 Clement III. 1187-1191 Celestine III. 1191-1198 Innocent III. 1198-1216 Honorius III. 1216-1227 Gregory IX. 1227-1241 Celestine IV. 1241 Innocent IV. 1243-1254 Alexander IV. 1254-1261 Urban IV. 1261-1264 Clement IV. 1265-1268 Gregory X. 1271-1276 Innocent V. 1276 Hadrian V. 1276 John XXI.[379] 1276-1277 Nicholas III. 1277-1280 Martin IV. 1281-1285 Honorius IV. 1285-1287 Nicholas IV. 1288-1292 Celestine V. 1294 Boniface VIII. 1294-1303 Benedict XI. 1303-1304 Clement V. 1305-1314 John XXII. 1316-1334 Benedict XII. 1334-1342 Clement VI. 1342-1352 Innocent VI. 1352-1362 Urban V. 1362-1370 Gregory XI. 1370-1378 Urban VI. 1378-1389 [Clement VII. 1378-1394] Boniface IX. 1389-1404 [Benedict XIII. 1394-1424] Innocent VII. 1404-1406 Gregory XII. 1406-1415 Alexander V. 1409-1410 John XXIII. 1410-1415 Martin V. 1417-1431 Eugene IV. 1431-1447 Nicholas V. 1447-1455 Callistus III. 1455-1458 Pius II. 1458-1464 Paul II. 1464-1471 Sixtus IV. 1471-1484 Innocent VIII. 1484-1492 Alexander VI. 1492-1503 Pius III. 1503 Julius II. 1503-1513 Leo X. 1513-1521 Hadrian VI. 1522-1523 Clement VII. 1523-1534 Paul III. 1534-1549 Julius III. 1550-1555 Marcellus II. 1555 Paul IV. 1555-1559 Pius IV. 1559-1565 Pius V. 1566-1572 Gregory XIII. 1572-1585 Sixtus V. 1585-1590 Urban VII. 1590 Gregory XIV. 1590-1591 Innocent IX. 1591 Clement VIII. 1592-1605 Leo XI. 1605 Paul V. 1605-1621 Gregory XV. 1621-1623 Urban VIII. 1623-1644 Innocent X. 1644-1655 Alexander VII. 1655-1667 Clement IX. 1667-1669 Clement X. 1670-1676 Innocent XI. 1676-1689 Alexander VIII. 1689-1691 Innocent XII. 1691-1700 Clement XI. 1700-1721 Innocent XIII. 1721-1724 Benedict XIII. 1724-1730 Clement XII. 1730-1740 Benedict XIV. 1740-1758 Clement XIII. 1758-1769 Clement XIV. 1769-1774 Pius VI. 1775-1799 Pius VII. 1800-1823 Leo XII. 1823-1829 Pius VIII. 1829-1830 Gregory XVI. 1831-1846 Pius IX. 1846-1878 Leo XIII. 1878-1903 Pius X. 1903-1914 Benedict XV. 1914-

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 378: I include Peter, as is usual, though it must be recalled that no writer calls him "bishop" of Rome until the third century, and it cannot be regarded as _proved_ that he ever visited Rome. The date of his death, and the succeeding dates until the third century, and many later, are conjectural and disputed.]

[Footnote 379: On account of some confusion in mediæval chronicles, a spurious "John XV." was inserted in the list of Popes. Hence John XXI. was really John XX., but the names of the later Popes are so fixed that it seems better, as is usually the case, to skip from John XIX. to John XX.]

INDEX

A

Accolti, Cardinal, 317

Acquaviva, Cardinal, 356, 357

Acquaviva, General, 344

_Acta S. Callisti_, 7, 17

_Acta S. Silvestri_, 87, 88

_Ad Anglos_, 435

Adelchis, 93

Adelperga, 94

Adriano da Corneto, 263

Æneas, Sylvius, 241, 243

_Æterni Patris_, 408, 440

Afiarta, Paul, 83, 84

African Church, Rome and the, 20, 40, 70

Agnes, the Empress, 145, 147, 150

Agnes de Meran, 188

Aistulph, 80-3

Albani, Cardinal, 357, 392

Alberic of Camerino, 131, 133, 139

Albert of Brandenburg, 304

Albigensians, massacre of the, 194-200

Alcuin, 78, 97

Alexander, II., 147, 149

Alexander, III., 173

Alexander V., 228

Alexander VI., 242-66

Alexander Severus, 16

Alexis, Comnenus, 193

Alfonso of Leon, 157

Alfonso II. of Naples, 254, 256, 259

Alidosi, Cardinal, 278

Allen, Cardinal, 246

Altheim, Synod of, 138

Ambrose, St., 30, 31, 35, 38

America, the Papacy and, 389, 411, 412, 436

Americanism, 432, 437

Ammianus Marcellinus, 24

Anastasius, 75, 102

Anatolius of Thessalonica, 41

Anselm of Baggio, 145

Anselm of Lucca, 147, 150, 152

_Antiphonary_, the, 62

Antonelli, Cardinal, 402-3, 407, 410

_Apostolicæ Curæ_, 436

Aretini, 275

Ariald, 145

Arianism, 19, 21, 31

Arichis, 92, 93, 94

Ariosto, 281, 301, 302

Arnold of Brescia, 174

Arnold of Citeaux, 195, 198, 199

Arnulph, 127

Arsenius, Legate, 109, 112, 126

Art in mediæval Rome, 266, 282-4

Astrology at Rome, 274

Attila, 50-1

Atto of Vercelli, 133

Austria expelled from Italy, 399, 405

Auxentius, 28, 37

Auxilius, 129

Avignon, the Popes at, 203-22

B

Baglione, G., 274

Bajazet, the Sultan, 256

Baldwin of Flanders, 110, 192

Baluze, S., 205

Barbarossa, Frederic, 173

Barry, Dr. W., 129

Basil, St., 32

Basilica Julii, 24, 25

Basilica Liberii, 25

Basilica Sicinini, 25

Basle, Council of, 240

Beatific Vision, John XXII. and the, 219

Beatrice of Tuscany, 148, 163

Benedict III., 103, 107, 113

Benedict IX., 140, 143

Benedict X., 146

Benedict XI., 203

Benedict XIII., 227, 238

Benedict XIV., 353-67

Benedict of Soracte, 128, 130, 135

Benedictines, the, and the classics, 58

Bentivoglio, 274, 278

Benzo, Bishop, 142, 147

Berengar, King, 130, 134

Berengaria of Castile, 189

Bérenger, 144

Bernard, of Clairvaux, 172

Bernetti, Cardinal, 395

Bertha of Lorraine, 134

_Bertinian Annals_, the, 112

Bertrand de Goth, 207

Bertrand de Poyet, 216

Bibbiena, Cardinal, 287, 290, 303

Bible, early translation of the, 36

Bismarck and Leo XIII., 428-30

Bonaparte, Jerome, 379

Boniface I., 39

Boniface VIII., 203, 209

Boniface IX., 223, 224

Bonitho, Bishop, 142, 151, 164, 168

_Book of Gomorrha_, 144

_Book of Pastoral Rule_, 61

Borgia, Cæsar, 244, 258, 260, 263, 267, 272

Borgia, Jofre, 244, 256

Borgia, Juan, 244, 256, 258

Borgia, Lucretia, 244, 250, 254, 255, 260, 262

Borgia, Pedro Luis, 244

Borgia, Rodrigo, 261

Borgia Family, the, 242

Borgia Rooms, the, 438

Boris, King, 116

Bramante, 283

Breviary, reform of the, 358-9

Brosch, M., 246, 269

Brosses, President de, 353, 354

Bruce, Robert, 219

Brunetti, A., 398

Brunichildis, Gregory and, 71

Brussels, Leo XIII. at, 418-9

Bulgaria and the Papacy, 137, 191

Buoncompagni, Cardinal, 333, 334

Burchard, J., 245, 249, 262

C

Cacault, 374

Cadalus, Bishop, 147

Cajetan, Legate, 307

_Calandria_, the, 303

Calixtus III., 242

Callistus, Pope, 6-18

Cambrai, League of, 276, 277

Canon of Scripture, early, 36, 55

Canossa, Henry IV. at, 163, 165-7

Capocci, Giovanni, 176, 177

Caprara, Cardinal, 376

Caraffa, Cardinal, 259

Carbonari, the, 388, 395

Cardinal, the title, 146

Cardinalate, reform of the, 339

Cardinals in the fifteenth century, 248

Carlism, the Vatican, 433

Carlomann, 84

_Caroline Books_, the, 97

Caroline Islands, the, 429

Carpophorus, 8

Carvajal, Cardinal, 275, 289

Cassiodorus, 58

Catacombs, the, 3, 26, 36

Cataldi, Mgr., 421

Cathari, the, 182

Catherine of Siena, 222

Cavour, 405, 406

Celestine I., 39

Celestine III., 174

Celibacy of the clergy, 145-6, 152, 155

Celidonius, 42

Cenci, 160

Censorship, early claims of, 55, 115

Cesena, massacre of, 222

Chabrol, Count de, 384

Chalcedon, Council of, 47-9, 74

Charlemagne, 84, 85-6, 90-97, 99, 101

Charles Martel, 79

Charles the Bald, 108, 109, 115, 116

Charles the Simple, 137

Charles II., 206

Charles V., 295, 297, 298, 307, 319-28

Charles VI., 362

Charles VIII., 256-8

Chigi, the banker, 302

China, Jesuits in, 364

China, Leo XIII., and, 457

Choiseul, 357, 360

Christianity, early condition of, 1-3

Christopher, Pope, 128

Cibò, Franceschetto, 248

Cibò, Innocenzo, 290

_Civiltà Cattolica_, the, 406

Clement I., 4, 5

Clement III., 169, 173

Clement IV., 209

Clement V., 203, 206, 217

Clement VI., 209, 221

Clement VII., 223, 311-2

Clement XI., 360

Clement XII., 354, 355, 357

Clement XIII., 368

Clement XIV., 368, 369

Colonna, M.A., 294

_Commentary on the First Book of Kings_, 63

Comminges, Count de, 190

Conciliar Movement, the, 227, 232, 240

Concordat with Napoleon, 374-6, 387

Conradin, 202

Consalvi, Cardinal, 371, 372, 375, 377, 387-9

Constance, Council of, 234-8, 240

Constance of Sicily, 180

Constantine, 21

Constantinople, Council of, 32, 33, 48, 49

Constantinople, Fall of, 241

Constantinople taken by the Latins, 193, 194

Constantius, 19, 23

Constanza of Aragon, 181

Contarini, Cardinal, 322

Conti family, the, 173

Conti, Ricardo, 177

Cornaro, Cardinal 302

Cornelius, Pope, 3

Costa, Cardinal, 259

Counter-Reformation, the, 310

Crespy, Peace of, 325

Crispi, 426

Crusade, the Fourth, 191-4

Culture, early decay of, 57, 62-3, 84

Cyprian, St., 20

Cyriacus, 75

Cyril of Alexandria, 39, 44

D

D'Agnesi, Maria Gaetana, 358

Damasus, 21-37

D'Amboise, Cardinal, 268, 275

Damiani, Peter, 144, 145, 147, 151

Dammann, Dr. A., 165

Declaration of the Gallican Clergy, 352

Delarc, O., 142

Desiderius of Vienne, 62, 71

Deusdedit, Cardinal, 151

_Dialogues_ of Gregory the Great, 59

Didier, Abbot, 149, 153, 169

Didier, King, 83-5, 90

Dietrich von Nieheim, 223, 225

Dio Cassius, 16

Dionysian Decretals, the, 120

Dioscorus of Alexandria, 44-6

Discipline of the early Church, 13

Divorce in the early Church, 29

Djem, Prince, 256, 257

Döllinger, Dr., 3, 8, 9, 13, 151, 409

Dominic St., 196, 201

_Dominus ac Redemptor Noster_, 369

Donation of Constantine, 87, 241

Dovizo, Bernardo, 287, 290

Duchesne, Mgr., 89, 130, 131

Dümmler, E., 129

Dupanloup, 409

E

Eastern Church, Rome and the, 31-3, 44-50, 73-6, 105-6

Ebbo of Rheims, 113, 119

Edict of Milan, 21

Eginhard, 82, 99

Elizabeth of Spain, 363

Encyclicals of Leo XIII., 439, 440

Endre, Prince, of Hungary, 190

England and the Papacy, 58, 71, 94, 148, 185-8, 219, 229, 309, 312, 346,
363, 381, 411, 435-6

Ephesus, Council of, 46

_Epigrams of Damasus_, 36

Erigena, John Scotus, 115

Ethelbert, 72

_Etsi Nos_, 425

Eudocia, 105

Eudoxia, the Empress, 52

Eugenius IV., 240

Eulogius, 75

Eusebius, Pope, 20

Eusebius of Dorylæum, 48

Eustochium, Jerome's letter to, 34-5

Eutyches, 45, 46

_Ex Quo Singulari_, 365

_Execrabilis_, 210

_Exsurge, Domine_, 308

F

Fantuzzian Fragment, the, 81, 88

Farnese, Alessandro, 316, 321, 325, 326

Farnese, Giulia, 249, 252, 253, 254

Farnese, Vittoria, 325

Febronianism, 362, 370

Fedele, P., 129

Felicia, daughter of Julius II., 271

Felix, Anti-Pope, 23, 24

Ferdinand of Spain, 275, 276, 291

Ferdinand VI., 361

Ferrante of Naples, 255

Ferrara and Julius II., 281

Fesch, Cardinal, 378

Flavian, 45-7

Flodoard, 131, 136

Fontana, 345

_Forged Decretals_, the, 104, 105, 117-22

Forgeries of Middle Ages, 87, 88

Formosus, 125, 127, 132

Foulques of Marseilles, 196, 198

France and the Papacy, 42, 71, 79-87, 97, 157, 188, 194-200, 219, 256-8,
276-8, 289, 304, 347, 360-1, 400-2, 431-2

France, Anatole, 2

Francis I., 292, 293, 295, 297, 317

Francis, St., 201, 202

Francis Joseph I., 412

Frankenstein, Baron, 429

Frankfort, Synod of, 97

Fratricelli, the, 214

Frederic the Great, 356, 364

Frederic of Saxony, 307, 308

Frederic of Sicily, 180, 182, 185

Freemasonry, Benedict XIV. and, 366

Friedrich of Tirol, 234, 236, 237

Fuscianus, 9

G

Gabrielli, Cardinal, 382

Gaeta, flight to, 401

Galilei, Galileo, 352

Galla Placidia, 47

Garibaldi, 405, 406, 407

Gattina, Petrucelli della, 371, 393

"Gelasian Decree," the, 36, 37, 55

Gelasius I., 37, 55, 115

Gerbert, 139

Germany and the Papacy, 108-9, 158-69, 182-5, 215-8, 229, 411, 427-30

Gfrörer, 142

Ghibellines, the, 182, 216

Gibbon, Cardinal, 436, 437

Gioberti, 397, 418, 420

Giovio, Paolo, 291, 300

Gizzo, Cardinal, 399

Glaber, Raoul, 140

Godfrey of Tuscany 148

Grassis, P. de, 291

Gratian, the Emperor, 27, 38

Gratian, John, 140, 143

Great Schism, the, 221-3

Gregory I., 57-77

Gregory III., 79

Gregory VII., 141-70

Gregory X., 204

Gregory XI., 222

Gregory XII., 226, 227, 231

Gregory XIII., 332, 334

Gregory XVI., 392, 395, 396

Grévy, President, 432

Grisar, Father, 11, 18

Guelphs, the, 182

Guibert of Ravenna, 168

Guido of Spoleto, 127

Guiscard, Robert, 148, 155, 168, 169

Guise, Duke of, 347, 348, 349

Günther, 108, 109

Guy, the Cistercian, 195

H

Hadrian I., 81, 83, 84-100

Hadrian II., 110, 118, 125, 126, 127

Hadrian IV., 174

Hadrian VI., 311

Hecker, Father, 437

Helletrude, 111

Henry III. (Germany), 143, 144

Henry IV. (Germany), 154, 158-69

Henry V. (Germany), 172

Henry VI. (Germany), 178, 179

Henry III. (France), 346, 347, 349

Henry IV. (France), 347, 348, 349, 350

Henry VIII. (England), 277, 279, 292, 293, 294, 309

Heribert of Vermandois, 137, 138

Herimann of Cologne, 138

Herlembald, 148, 159

Hermingard, 84

Hilary, St., and the Papacy, 42

Hildebrand. _See_ Gregory VII.

Hildeprand, 92, 93

Hildwin, 112

Hincmar of Rheims, 105, 111-13, 119, 120

Hippolytus, 7, 8, 11, 12, 17

_Historia Augusta_, the, 16

Hodgkin, Dr., 88, 90

Hohenstauffens, the, 182, 202

Honorius I., 79

Hontheim, Johann von, 370

Hormisdas, 55

Hrodgaud, 93

Hrzan, Cardinal, 372

Hübner, Baron de, 333, 343

Hucbert, 107

Hugh Candidus, Cardinal, 149, 159

Hugh of Provence, 138, 139

Hugues Géraud, 211, 212

Hungarians in Italy, the, 135

Huns, St. Leo and the, 50

Hus, John, 232, 235, 238

Hutten, Ulrich von, 305, 308

I

Ignatius of Antioch, 4

Ignatius of Constantinople, 105-7

Ignatius of Loyola, 331, 333

Image-worship, quarrel about, 97

Immaculate Conception, the, 403-4

Index of Prohibited Books, the first, 55

Indulgences, origin of the Spanish, 192

Indulgences, traffic in, 225, 231, 284, 301, 305

Infallibility, struggle over, 409-10

Infessura, S., 245, 250

Ingeltrude, 107

Innocent I., 38, 39

Innocent III., 137, 141, 171-201

Innocent VII., 226

Inquisition, the, at Rome, 324, 331

_Inscrutabile_, 423

_Interest Apostolicæ Sedis_, 183

Investiture-struggle, the, 152, 172

Ireland, Archbishop, 436

Ireland, Leo XIII. and, 434-5

Irene, the Empress, 94, 96

Irmengard, 135

Isaac Comnenus, 193

Italy, Unification of, 405-7

J

Jacobini, Cardinal, 426

Jacques de Via, 213

James III., 363

Jansenists, the, 360-1

Jean of Jandun, 215

Jerome, St., 22, 23, 27, 34, 36

Jerome of Prague, 232

Jesuits, the, 343, 352, 360, 364, 365, 369, 387-8, 399, 402-3

Jews, John XXII. and the, 219

Jews, the Papacy and the, 65

Jews, Sixtus V. and the, 343

John VIII., 125, 126, 133

John IX., 131

John X., 126-38

John XI., 128, 130, 131, 138

John XII., 139

John XXII., 205-20

John XXIII., 221-39

John of Bohemia, 218

John Capistrano, 241

John the Faster, 73-4

John Lackland and the Papacy, 185-8

John of Ravenna, 114

Joseph II., 355, 369, 370

Josephine, divorce of, 378, 383

Judith, 110

Julius II., 246, 247, 250, 255, 257, 268-84

Julius III., 331

K

Kailo of Ravenna, 132

Keane, Mgr., 437

Kitto, E.J., 223, 235

Knights of Labour, the, 436

Kulturkampf, the, 427-30

L

La Balue, Cardinal, 248

Ladislaus of Hungary, 157

Ladislaus of Naples, 223, 227

Lambert of Hersfeld, 164, 166

Lambruschini, Cardinal, 392

Landulph, 145

Lanfranc, 154, 156

Langton, Stephen, 186-7, 188

Languedoc, heresy in, 195

Lateran basilica, the, 20, 25, 56

Lateran Council, the Fourth, 200

Lateran Council, the Fifth, 280, 282, 303

League, the Catholic, 347, 348

Leo I., 39-54

Leo II., 79

Leo III., 101

Leo IV., 102

Leo V., 127

Leo IX., 144

Leo X., 248, 250, 287-309

Leo XII., 391

Leo XIII., 415-42

Leo the Isaurian, 53

Leonardo of Arezzo, 223, 227

Leonetti, A., 243

Leontia, the Empress, 76

L'Épinois, H. de, 243, 245

Leti, Gregorio, 333

_Liber Pontificalis_, the, 8, 11, 24, 80, 87-9

Liberius, 19, 22, 23

Liverani, P., 129, 132

Lollards, the, 232

Lombards, the, in Italy, 56, 66, 68, 79, 92-3

Lothair of Lorraine, 107, 109, 110

Lottery, the Papal, 357

Louis of Anjou, 228, 229, 230

Louis of Bavaria, 215, 216, 217

Louis II., 103, 107-9

Louis VIII., 188

Louis XII., 260, 261, 274, 277-8, 291

Louis XVIII., 414

Luchaire, Achille, 175

Luciferians, the, 30

Luitprand, Bishop, 130, 132, 136

Luitprand, King, 79

Lunéville, Treaty of, 374

Luther, Martin, 252, 299, 306-9

M

Macarius, 30

Magic, John XXII. and, 212

Magna Charta denounced by Innocent III., 188

_Magna Maralia_, 59, 63

Malabar Rites, the, 364

Malatesta of Rimini, 230

_Mandragola_, 303

Manfred, 202

Manichæans, the, 41, 43

Manichæism, 195

Manning, Cardinal, 409

Marcia, 6

Marcian, 47, 50

Maria Theresa, 362

Marie of Brabant, 190

Markwald of Anweiler, 179, 180, 181

Marozia, 128-32, 135-6, 138, 139

Marriage, the Papacy and, 188, 189, 190

Marsiglio of Padua, 215

Martens, Dr. W., 142, 160

Martin I., 79

Martin V., 240

Martyrology, reform of the, 359

Mary Stuart, 346

Mathew, Dr., A.H., 142, 153, 167, 243

Mathilda of Tuscany, 148, 150, 155, 163, 165

Matteo Visconti, 216

Maurice, the Emperor, 68, 69, 73-6

Maury, Cardinal, 371

Maximilian, the Emperor, 273, 275, 276, 277, 294

Maximinus, 27

May Laws, the, 428, 429

Mazzini, 396, 398, 404

Medici, Catherine de', 347

Medici, Cosmo de', 239

Medici, Giuliano de', 290, 292

Medici, Giulio de', 290

Medici, Lorenzo de' (nephew of Leo X.), 290, 297, 298

Melchiades, 118

_Menæchmi_, the, 262

Mercier, Cardinal, 440

Michael, Angelo, 283, 301, 329

Michael de Cesena, 215

Michael the Drunkard, 105, 106

Michiel, Cardinal, 263

Militz, Karl von, 307

Milo, the Legate, 198

Miollis, General, 381

Mirandola, G.P. della, 304

Modernism, 432, 437, 442

Montfort, Simon de, 199, 200

Monti di Pietà, 303

Morality in the early Church, 33-5, 66

N

Napoleon I. and the Papacy, 370, 374-88

Napoleon III., 400, 405

Nepotism at the Vatican, 174, 244-60, 271, 290, 291, 315, 316, 320, 331

Newman, Cardinal, 409

Nicæa, Council of, 96

Nicholas I., 102-23

Nicholas II., 146, 147

Nicholas V., 217, 241

Nicholas of Cusa, 241

Nielsen, Dr. F., 373, 393

Normans and the Papacy, 145, 147, 169

O

Ockham, William of, 215

Offa, 94, 96

Olivarez, Count, 347

Organic Articles, the, 376, 377

Orsini, the, 174, 177

Orsini, Adriana, 249, 252

Orsini, Cardinal B., 263

Orsini, Giulia, 249, 252, 253, 254

Orsini, Laura, 253, 271

Orsini, Paolo, 334

Orsini, Virginio, 255

Otto I., 139

Otto of Brunswick, 182, 183, 184

Oxford Movement, the, 435

P

Pacca, Cardinal, 381-2, 387

Pagi, 129

Pallavicino, Cardinal, 275

Pandolpho, the Legate, 187, 188

Papal supremacy, evolution of, 5, 30-1, 37, 39, 44, 48, 53, 67, 74-6, 103

Parnellism 434-5

Paschasinus, 49

_Pastor Æternus_, 410

Pastoureaux, the, 219

Patarenes, the, 145, 148, 159

Patrimonies, the Papal, 64, 79

Paul at Rome, 4

Paul I., 83

Paul II., 246

Paul III., 252, 313-29, 363

Paul IV., 331

Pedro of Aragon, 190, 199

Pelagius, Pope, 58

Pepoli, Count, 338

Peretti, Alexander, 336

Peretti, Camilla, 334, 341

Peretti, Francesco, 334

Persecution, the Papacy and, 43, 70, 196

Persico, Mgr., 435

Perugino, 283

Peter at Rome, 4

Peter, brother of John X., 135

Peter of Carbara, 217

Petrarch, 211, 216

Petrucci, Cardinal, 295

Philip II., 186, 187, 188, 198

Philip III., 203, 207

Philip VI., 217, 220

Philip of Anjou, 202

Philip Neri, St., 333

Philip of Suabia, 179, 182-4

Phocas, the Emperor, 76

Photius, 105, 106

Pierleone, Cardinal, 183

Pierleone, Giovanni, 176, 177

Pierre de Castelnau, 195, 197

Pignatelli, Cardinal, 387

Pinturicchio, 266, 283

Pippin, Donation of, 80-3

Pirie-Gordon, C.H.C., 175

Pisa, Council of, 228, 229

Pisa, second Council of, 278, 279

Pius II., 243

Pius III., 268

Pius IV., 331

Pius V., 332, 334

Pius VI., 369, 372

Pius VII., 371-90

Pius VIII., 392

Pius IX., 393-413, 425

Plebiscites in Italy, 405, 406, 408

Pliny, 2

Poles, the Vatican, the, 434

Poli, Oddo, 177

Pontianus, 18

Pragmatic Sanction, the, 286, 294, 304

Primacy, idea of the, 6, 30, 37, 39, 40, 48

Priscillianists, the, 31

Pucci, Lorenzo, 290

Pulcheria, 46, 47

Q

_Quanta Cura_, 407

Quiercey Donation, the, 81

R

Rampolla, Cardinal, 426, 429

Raphael, 301

Ratherius, Bishop, 133

Ratisbon, Diet of, 322

Ravenna and the Papacy, 67, 68

Raymond of Toulouse, 196-9

Raynaldus, 243

Reformation, the, 286, 304-9, 312, 317-30

Reformation, foregleams of the, 215, 232, 241, 286

Reginald of Canterbury, 186

Renaissance, the, 241

Renier, the Cistercian, 195

_Rerum Novarum_, 441

Revolution, the French, 370, 372

Riario, Cardinal, 296

Riario, Pietro, 246

Richard the Lion-Heart, 185

Robert of Geneva, 222, 223

Robert of Naples, 216, 217

Romwald, 94-5

Roquain, F., 142, 151

Roscoe, W., 291

Rosmini, A., 400, 402

Rossi, G.B. de, 8, 9, 13

Rossi, Pellegrino, 400

Rothrad of Soissons, 111-12, 119

Rotrud, 96

Roy, Jules, 120, 121

Rudolph II., of Burgundy, 134

Rudolph of Suabia, 159, 163, 165, 167, 168

S

Sabellius, 12

_Sacramentary_, the, 62

St. Bartholomew, Massacre of, 332

Sta. Maria Maggiore, 25

St. Peter's, building of, 274, 283

Sala, Cardinal, 417

Saldanha, Cardinal, 365

Sancho of Portugal, 190

Sanfedisti, the, 388, 396

Sangallo, 329

Sanseverino, Cardinal, 289

Sant' Angelo, Castle of, 60

Sanuto, M., 253, 291

Satolli, Mgr., 437

Sauli, Cardinal, 296

Savona, Pius VII. at, 383-5

Savonarola and Alexander VI., 264-5

Scatfgoch, Bishop, 364

Schmalkaldic League, the, 327, 328

Schwemer, R., 185

Sergius III., 125, 127, 128, 129, 131

Sergius IV., 139

Servatus Lupus, 118

Severus, Bishop, 68

Sforza, Cardinal Ascanio, 248, 250

Sforza, Giovanni, 254, 259

Sforza, Lodovico, 255, 258

Sigismund of Hungary, 229-30, 232-8

Silvester I., 20

Silvester II., 139, 143, 157

Simeon of Bulgaria, 137

Simony at Rome, 210, 224-5, 250, 268, 301

Sirianus, Pope, 37

Sixtus III., 39

Sixtus IV., 244, 246

Sixtus V., 332-50

Slaves, the Papacy and the, 65

Socialism and the Vatican, 424, 427, 428, 431, 441

_Sollicitudo Omnium_, 388

Solomon of Brittany, 119

Solomon of Hungary, 157

Spain and the Papacy, 70, 154, 157, 189-90, 260, 347-9, 361

Spina, Archbishop, 374

Spirituals, the, 214

Stephen I., 80

Stephen II., 80-2

Stephen III., 83

Stephen IV., 83

Stephen V., 101

Stephen VI., 125, 126, 127

Stephen X., 145, 146

Stephens, W.R.W., 142

Strozzi, the banker, 302

Stuarts, the Vatican and the, 363

Sulpicius Severus, 31

Syagrius, Bishop, 71

Syllabus, the, 407

T

Talleyrand, 376, 380

Talleyrand-Périgord, Countess, 204

Talmud, condemnation of the, 219

Tancred of Sicily, 181

Tarasius, 96

Tassilo, 93

Tedald, 160

Templars, suppression of the, 203

Temporal power, beginning of the, 78-83, 86-90, 95

Tencin, Cardinal, 354, 355

Tertullian, 5, 13

Tetzel, 306

Teutonic Knights, the, 219

Theodora of Rome, 128, 129-32

Theodora, the Empress, 56

Theodoric, 55

Theodosius, 32, 33

Theophylactus, 128, 132

Theutberga, 107, 110

Thomas Aquinas, philosophy of, 440

Three Chapters, the, 67

Transtiberina, the, 1, 16

Trent, Council of, 323-8, 330, 331-2

Troslé, Council of, 133

Turribius of Astorga, 43

U

_Unigenitus_, 360

Urban I., 11, 18

Urban II., 172

Urban VI., 222

Urban VIII., 352

Urbino, Duchy of, 294, 295, 298

Ursicinus, Anti-Pope, 25-7

V

Valens, 31

Valenti, Cardinal, 357

Valentinian I., 27, 29, 37

Valentinian II., 38

Valla, Lorenzo, 241

Vandals, Leo and the, 51-2

Vannozza dei Catanei, 245

Vatican, the, 178

Vatican Council, the, 408-10

Vatican, early state of the, 1, 2

Vatican Library, the, 438

Venantius and Gregory the Great, 72

Venice and the Papacy, 272-3, 275-6

Ventura, P., 397

Victor I., 5, 9

Victor III., 140

Victor Emmanuel I., 406

Vienna Congress, the, 388

Villani, 208

Viventius, 25, 27

Voltaire, 356

Vulgarius, 129, 130

W

Waldeck-Rousseau, 432

Waldrada, 107, 109, 110

Walpole, Horace, 356

Walter de Brienne, 181

Wenilo of Sens, 118

William II. and the Papacy, 430

William of Burgundy, 156

William the Conqueror, 148, 156

Wiseman, Cardinal, 379

Worms, Diet of, 308

Wulfad, 113

Wyclif, 232

X

Ximenes, Cardinal, 301

Y

York, Cardinal, 363

Young Italians, the, 395, 396

Z

Zachary I., 79, 80

Zara, the taking of, 192, 193

Zelanti, the, 388

Zephyrin, Pope, 6, 10

Zigliara, Cardinal, 441

Zosimus, 39

The Censorship _of_ the Church _of_ Rome and its Influence upon the Production and the Distribution _of_ Literature

_A Study of the History of the Prohibitory and Expurgatory Indexes, together with some Consideration of the effects of Protestant Censorship and of Censorship by the State_

By GEO. HAVEN PUTNAM, LITT.D.

_Author of "Authors and Their Public in Ancient Times," "Books and Their Makers in the Middle Ages," "The Question of Copyright," etc._

Two Volumes, 8vo, cloth Net, $5.00

This treatise presents a schedule of the Indexes issued by the Church, together with a list of the more important of the decrees, edicts, prohibitions, and briefs having to do with the prohibition of specific books, from the time of Gelasius I., 567 A.D., to the issue in 1900 of the latest Index of the Church under Leo XIII.

"The work impresses me as admirable. I wish to congratulate you upon the singular wisdom, breadth, and thoroughness with which you have accomplished a delicate and difficult task."--_From Bishop Potter of New York._

"I have read this treatise with the deepest pleasure.... It is a work of remarkable erudition, and so far as I have perused its pages, I find it to have been written with rare large-mindedness and historic impartiality.... The difficult task has been accomplished in a most masterly manner."--_From Archbishop Ireland of St. Paul._

"Dr. Putnam is one of the most wonderful men in America. He was a soldier in the Civil War. He has been a leading publisher for more than a generation. To him more than any other man is due the measure of American Copyright that we now enjoy. The marvel is that with all his business and public work, Dr. Putnam has found time to make himself a most thorough and accurate scholar. The present volume treats of a subject that is largely misunderstood, and that is of first importance in the history of literature and of the Church. The author writes in an entirely dispassionate spirit."--_London Chronicle._

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A Candid History of the Jesuits

By Joseph McCabe

Author of "Twelve Years in a Monastery," "Modern Rationalism"

_8o. $3.50_

It is curious that no writer addressing English-speaking readers, has ever attempted a systematic history of the Jesuits. Probably no religious body ever had so romantic a history, or inspired such deadly hatred. On the other hand, histories of the famous society are almost always too prejudiced, either for or against, to be reliable. Mr. McCabe has attempted in this book to give the facts impartially, and to enable the inquirer to form an intelligent idea of the history and character of the Jesuits from their foundation to the present day. Every phase of their remarkable story--including the activity of political Jesuits and their singular behavior on the foreign missions--is carefully studied, and the record of the Jesuits in England is very fully examined.

G.P. Putnam's Sons New York London