Chapter VII: REIGN OF HENRY VIII. (continued)

The War with France--The Earl of Surrey Invades that Country--Sir
Thomas More elected Speaker--Henry and Parliament--Revolt
of the Duke of Bourbon--Pope Adrian VI. dies--Clement VII.
elected--Francis I. taken Prisoner at the Battle of Pavia--Growing
Unpopularity of Wolsey--Change of Feeling at the English
Court--Treaty with France--Francis I. regains his liberty--Italian
League, including France and England, established against the
Emperor--Fall of the Duke of Bourbon at the Siege of Rome--Sacking
of Rome, and Capture of the Pope--Appearance of Luther--Henry
writes against the German Reformer--Henry receives from the
Pope the style and Designation of "Defender of the Faith"--Anne
Boleyn--Henry applies to the Pope for a Divorce from the
Queen--The Pope's Dilemma--War declared against Spain--Cardinal
Campeggio arrives in England to decide the Legality of Henry's
Marriage with Catherine--Trial of the Queen--Henry's Discontent
with Wolsey--Fall of Wolsey--His Banishment from Court and
Death--Cranmer's advice regarding the Divorce--Cromwell cuts the
Gordian Knot--Dismay of the Clergy--The King declared Head of the
Church in England--The King's Marriage with Anne Boleyn--Cranmer
made Archbishop--The Pope Reverses the Divorce--Separation of
England from Rome 130

CHAPTER VIII.

REIGN OF HENRY VIII. (_continued_).

The Maid of Kent and Her Accomplices--Act of Supremacy and
Consequent Persecutions--The "Bloody Statute"--Deaths of Fisher
and More--Suppression of the Smaller Monasteries--Trial and Death
of Anne Boleyn--Henry Marries Jane Seymour--Divisions in the
Church--The Pilgrimage of Grace--Birth of Prince Edward--Death
of Queen Jane--Suppression of the Larger Monasteries--The
Six Articles--Judicial Murders--Persecution of Cardinal
Pole--Cromwell's Marriage Scheme--Its Failure and his Fall 158

CHAPTER IX.

REIGN OF HENRY VIII. (_concluded_).

Divorce of Anne of Cleves--Catherine Howard's Marriage and
Death--Fresh Persecutions--Welsh Affairs--The Irish Insurrection
and its Suppression--Scottish Affairs--Catholic Opposition
to Henry--Outbreak of War--Battle of Solway Moss--French and
English Parties in Scotland--Escape of Beaton--Triumph of the
French Party--Treaty between England and Germany--Henry's Sixth
Marriage--Campaign in France--Expedition against Scotland--Capture
of Edinburgh--Fresh Attempt on England--Cardinal Beaton and
Wishart--Death of the Cardinal--Struggle between the two Parties
in England--Death of Henry 183

CHAPTER X.

REIGN OF EDWARD VI.

Accession of Edward VI.--Hertford's Intrigues--He becomes Duke
of Somerset and Lord Protector--War with Scotland--Battle of
Pinkie--Reversal of Henry's Policy--Religious Reforms--Ambition
of Lord Seymour of Sudeley--He marries Catherine Parr--His
Arrest and Death--Popular Discontents--Rebellion in
Devonshire and Cornwall--Ket's Rebellion in Norfolk--Warwick
Suppresses it--Opposition to Somerset--His Rapacity--Fall
of Somerset--Disgraceful Peace with France--Persecution of
Romanists--Somerset's Efforts to regain Power--His Trial and
Execution--New Treason Law--Northumberland's Schemes for Changing
the Succession--Death of Edward 204

CHAPTER XI.

REIGN OF MARY.

Proclamation of Lady Jane Grey--Mary's
Resistance--Northumberland's Failure--Mary is Proclaimed--The
Advice of Charles V.--Execution of Northumberland--Restoration
of the Roman Church--Proposed Marriage with Philip of
Spain--Consequent Risings throughout England--Wyatt's
Rebellion--Execution of Lady Jane Grey--Imprisonment of
Elizabeth--Marriage of Philip and Mary--England Accepts the Papal
Absolution--Persecuting Statutes Re-enacted--Martyrdom of Rogers,
Hooper, and Taylor--Di Castro's Sermon--Sickness of Mary--Trials
of Ridley, Latimer, and Cranmer--Martyrdom of Ridley and
Latimer--Confession and Death of Cranmer--Departure of Philip--The
Dudley Conspiracy--Return of Philip--War with France--Battle of
St. Quentin--Loss of Calais--Death of Mary 221