Chapter X: Epilogue (4)

_Henry._ See, sir, I am come
To justifie it before men and God,
Who knowes with what wounds in my heart for woe
Of your so wounded faith I made these wounds,
Forc't to it by an insolence of force 45
To stirre a stone; nor is a rocke, oppos'd
To all the billowes of the churlish sea,
More beate and eaten with them then was I
With your ambitious, mad idolatrie;
And this bloud I shed is to save the bloud 50
Of many thousands.

_Gui._ That's your white pretext;
But you will finde one drop of bloud shed lawlesse
Will be the fountaine to a purple sea.
The present lust and shift made for Kings lives,
Against the pure forme and just power of law, 55
Will thrive like shifters purchases; there hangs
A blacke starre in the skies, to which the sunne
Gives yet no light, will raine a poyson'd shower
Into your entrailes, that will make you feele
How little safetie lies in treacherous steele. 60

_Hen._ Well, sir, Ile beare it; y'have a brother to
Bursts with like threates, the skarlet Cardinall--
Seeke, and lay hands on him; and take this hence,
Their blouds, for all you, on my conscience! _Exit._

_Gui._ So, sir, your full swindge take; mine death hath curb'd. 65
Clermont, farewell! O didst thou see but this!
But it is better; see by this the ice
Broke to thine owne bloud, which thou wilt despise
When thou hear'st mine shed. Is there no friend here
Will beare my love to him?

_Aumale._ I will, my lord. 70

_Gui._ Thankes with my last breath: recommend me, then,
To the most worthy of the race of men. _Dyes. Exeunt._

[SCÆNA QUINTA.

_A Room in Montsurry's House._]

_Enter Monts[urry] and Tamyra._

_Montsurry._ Who have you let into my house?

_Tamyra._ I? none.

_Mont._ Tis false; I savour the rancke bloud of foes
In every corner.

_Tam._ That you may doe well;
It is the bloud you lately shed you smell.

_Mont._ Sdeath! the vault opens. _The gulfe opens._

_Tam._ What vault? hold your sword. 5

_Clermont ascends._

_Clermont._ No, let him use it.

_Mont._ Treason! murther! murther!

_Cler._ Exclaime not; tis in vaine, and base in you,
Being one to onely one.

_Mont._ O bloudy strumpet!

_Cler._ With what bloud charge you her? it may be mine
As well as yours; there shall not any else 10
Enter or touch you: I conferre no guards,
Nor imitate the murtherous course you tooke,
But single here will have my former challenge
Now answer'd single; not a minute more
My brothers bloud shall stay for his revenge, 15
If I can act it; if not, mine shall adde
A double conquest to you, that alone
Put it to fortune now, and use no ods.
Storme not, nor beate your selfe thus gainst the dores,
Like to a savage vermine in a trap: 20
All dores are sure made, and you cannot scape
But by your valour.

_Mont._ No, no, come and kill mee.

_Cler._ If you will die so like a beast, you shall;
But when the spirit of a man may save you,
Doe not so shame man, and a Nobleman. 25

_Mont._ I doe not show this basenesse that I feare thee,
But to prevent and shame thy victory,
Which of one base is base, and so Ile die.

_Cler._ Here, then.

_Mont._ Stay, hold! One thought hath harden'd me,
_He starts up._
And since I must afford thee victorie, 30
It shall be great and brave, if one request
Thou wilt admit mee.

_Cler._ What's that?

_Mont._ Give me leave
To fetch and use the sword thy brother gave mee,
When he was bravely giving up his life.

_Cler._ No; Ile not fight against my brothers sword; 35
Not that I feare it, but since tis a tricke
For you to show your backe.

_Mont._ By all truth, no:
Take but my honourable othe, I will not.

_Cler._ Your honourable othe! Plaine truth no place has
Where othes are honourable.

_Tam._ Trust not his othe. 40
Hee will lie like a lapwing; when shee flyes
Farre from her sought nest, still "Here tis" shee cryes.

_Mont._ Out on thee, damme of divels! I will quite
Disgrace thy bravos conquest, die, not fight. _Lyes downe._

_Tam._ Out on my fortune, to wed such an abject! 45
Now is the peoples voyce the voyce of God;
Hee that to wound a woman vants so much,
As hee did mee, a man dares never touch.

_Cler._ Revenge your wounds now, madame; I resigne him
Up to your full will, since hee will not fight. 50
First you shall torture him (as hee did you,
And justice wils) and then pay I my vow.
Here, take this ponyard.

_Mont._ Sinke earth, open heaven,
And let fall vengeance!

_Tam._ Come sir, good sir, hold him.

_Mont._ O shame of women, whither art thou fled! 55

_Cler._ Why (good my lord) is it a greater shame
For her then you? come, I will be the bands
You us'd to her, prophaning her faire hands.

_Mont._ No, sir, Ile fight now, and the terror be
Of all you champions to such as shee. 60
I did but thus farre dally; now observe.
O all you aking fore-heads that have rob'd
Your hands of weapons and your hearts of valour,
Joyne in mee all your rages and rebutters,
And into dust ram this same race of Furies; 65
In this one relicke of the Ambois gall,
In his one purple soule shed, drowne it all. _Fight._

_Mont._ Now give me breath a while.

_Cler._ Receive it freely.

_Mont._ What thinke y'a this now?

_Cler._ It is very noble,
Had it beene free, at least, and of your selfe; 70
And thus wee see (where valour most doth vant)
What tis to make a coward valiant.

_Mont._ Now I shall grace your conquest.

_Cler._ That you shall.

_Mont._ If you obtaine it.

_Cler._ True, sir, tis in fortune.

_Mont._ If you were not a D'Ambois, I would scarce 75
Change lives with you, I feele so great a change
In my tall spirits breath'd, I thinke, with the breath
A D'Ambois breathes here; and necessitie
(With whose point now prickt on, and so whose helpe
My hands may challenge) that doth all men conquer, 80
If shee except not you of all men onely,
May change the case here.

_Cler._ True, as you are chang'd;
Her power, in me urg'd, makes y'another man
Then yet you ever were.

_Mont._ Well, I must on.

_Cler._ Your lordship must by all meanes.

_Mont._ Then at all. 85

_Fights, and D'Ambois hurts him._

_[Enter Renel, the Countess, and] Charlotte above._

_Charlotte._ Death of my father, what a shame is this!
Sticke in his hands thus! _She gets downe._

_Renel [trying to stop her]._ Gentle sir, forbeare!

_Countess._ Is he not slaine yet?

_Ren._ No, madame, but hurt
In divers parts of him.

_Mont._ Y'have given it me,
And yet I feele life for another vennie. 90

_Enter Charlotte [below]._

_Cler._ What would you, sir?

_Char._ I would performe this combat.

_Cler._ Against which of us?

_Char._ I care not much if twere
Against thy selfe; thy sister would have sham'd
To have thy brothers wreake with any man
In single combat sticke so in her fingers. 95

_Cler._ My sister! know you her?

_Tam._ I, sir, shee sent him
With this kinde letter, to performe the wreake
Of my deare servant.

_Cler._ Now, alas! good sir,
Thinke you you could doe more?

_Char._ Alas! I doe;
And wer't not I, fresh, sound, should charge a man 100
Weary and wounded, I would long ere this
Have prov'd what I presume on.

_Cler._ Y'have a minde
Like to my sister, but have patience now;
If next charge speede not, Ile resigne to you.

_Mont._ Pray thee, let him decide it.

_Cler._ No, my lord, 105
I am the man in fate; and since so bravely
Your lordship stands mee, scape but one more charge,
And, on my life, Ile set your life at large.

_Mont._ Said like a D'Ambois, and if now I die,
Sit joy and all good on thy victorie! 110

_Fights, and fals downe._

_Mont._ Farewell! I hartily forgive thee; wife,
And thee; let penitence spend thy rest of life.
_Hee gives his hand to Cler[mont] and his wife._

_Cler._ Noble and Christian!

_Tam._ O, it breakes my heart.

_Cler._ And should; for all faults found in him before
These words, this end, makes full amends and more. 115
Rest, worthy soule; and with it the deare spirit
Of my lov'd brother rest in endlesse peace!
Soft lie thy bones; Heaven be your soules abode;
And to your ashes be the earth no lode!

_Musicke, and the Ghost of Bussy enters, leading the
Ghost[s] of the Guise, Monsieur, Cardinall Guise, and
Shattilion; they dance about the dead body, and exeunt._

_Cler._ How strange is this! The Guise amongst these spirits, 120
And his great brother Cardinall, both yet living!
And that the rest with them with joy thus celebrate
This our revenge! This certainely presages
Some instant death both to the Guise and Cardinall.
That the Shattilions ghost to should thus joyne 125
In celebration of this just revenge
With Guise that bore a chiefe stroke in his death,
It seemes that now he doth approve the act;
And these true shadowes of the Guise and Cardinall,
Fore-running thus their bodies, may approve 130
That all things to be done, as here wee live,
Are done before all times in th'other life.
That spirits should rise in these times yet are fables;
Though learnedst men hold that our sensive spirits
A little time abide about the graves 135
Of their deceased bodies, and can take,
In colde condenc't ayre, the same formes they had
When they were shut up in this bodies shade.

_Enter Aumall._

_Aumale._ O sir, the Guise is slaine!

_Cler._ Avert it heaven!

_Aum._ Sent for to Councill by the King, an ambush 140
(Lodg'd for the purpose) rusht on him, and tooke
His princely life; who sent (in dying then)
His love to you, as to the best of men.

_Cler._ The worst and most accursed of things creeping
On earths sad bosome. Let me pray yee all 145
A little to forbeare, and let me use
Freely mine owne minde in lamenting him.
Ile call yee straight againe.

_Aum._ We will forbeare,
And leave you free, sir. _Exeunt._

_Cler._ Shall I live, and hee
Dead, that alone gave meanes of life to me? 150
Theres no disputing with the acts of Kings;
Revenge is impious on their sacred persons.
And could I play the worldling (no man loving
Longer then gaine is reapt or grace from him)
I should survive; and shall be wondred at 155
Though (in mine owne hands being) I end with him:
But friendship is the sement of two mindes,
As of one man the soule and body is,
Of which one cannot sever but the other
Suffers a needfull separation. 160

_Ren._ I feare your servant, madame: let's descend.
_Descend Ren[el] & Coun[tess]._

_Cler._ Since I could skill of man, I never liv'd
To please men worldly, and shall I in death
Respect their pleasures, making such a jarre
Betwixt my death and life, when death should make 165
The consort sweetest, th'end being proofe and crowne
To all the skill and worth wee truely owne?
Guise, O my lord, how shall I cast from me
The bands and coverts hindring me from thee?
The garment or the cover of the minde 170
The humane soule is; of the soule, the spirit
The proper robe is; of the spirit, the bloud;
And of the bloud, the body is the shrowd.
With that must I beginne then to unclothe,
And come at th'other. Now, then, as a ship 175
Touching at strange and farre removed shores,
Her men a shore goe, for their severall ends,
Fresh water, victuals, precious stones, and pearle,
All yet intentive, when the master cals,
The ship to put off ready, to leave all 180
Their greediest labours, lest they there be left
To theeves or beasts, or be the countries slaves:
So, now my master cals, my ship, my venture
All in one bottome put, all quite put off,
Gone under saile, and I left negligent 185
To all the horrors of the vicious time,
The farre remov'd shores to all vertuous aimes,
None favouring goodnesse, none but he respecting
Pietie or man-hood--shall I here survive,
Not cast me after him into the sea, 190
Rather then here live, readie every houre
To feede theeves, beasts, and be the slave of power?
I come, my lord! Clermont, thy creature, comes.
_Hee kils himselfe._

_Enter Aumal, Tamyra, Charlotte._

_Aum._ What! lye and languish, Clermont! Cursed man,
To leave him here thus! hee hath slaine himselfe. 195

_Tam._ Misery on misery! O me wretched dame,
Of all that breath! all heaven turne all his eyes
In harty envie thus on one poore dame.

_Char._ Well done, my brother! I did love thee ever,
But now adore thee: losse of such a friend 200
None should survive, of such a brother [none.]
With my false husband live, and both these slaine!
Ere I returne to him, Ile turne to earth.

_Enter Renel leading the Countesse._

_Ren._ Horror of humane eyes! O Clermont D'Ambois!
Madame, wee staid too long, your servant's slaine. 205

_Coun._ It must be so; he liv'd but in the Guise,
As I in him. O follow life mine eyes!

_Tam._ Hide, hide thy snakie head; to cloisters flie;
In pennance pine; too easie tis to die.

_Char._ It is. In cloisters then let's all survive. 210
Madame, since wrath nor griefe can helpe these fortunes,
Let us forsake the world in which they raigne,
And for their wisht amends to God complaine.

_Count._ Tis fit and onely needfull: leade me on;
In heavens course comfort seeke, in earth is none. _Exeunt._ 215

_Enter Henry, Espernone, Soissone, and others._

_Henry._ Wee came indeede too late, which much I rue,
And would have kept this Clermont as my crowne.
Take in the dead, and make this fatall roome
(The house shut up) the famous D'Ambois tombe. _Exeunt._

_FINIS._

LINENOTES:

_opens_. Emended by ed.; Q, opes.

25 _Nobleman_. Two words in Q.

29 _Cler._ _Here, then._ Placed by Q at the end of l.
29.

44 _bravos_. Emended by ed.; Q, braves.

73-74. Three lines in Q, broken at _conquest_, _it_, and
_fortune_.

88-89. Three lines in Q, broken at _yet_, _him_, and _me_.

125 _Shattilions_. Ed.; Q, Shattilians.

144 _accursed_. Shepherd, Phelps; Q, accurst.

201 _none_. Added by ed.

210 _Char_. Shepherd, Phelps; Q, Cler.

Notes to The Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois

_For the meaning of single words see the Glossary._

=168. To the right vertuous . . . Sr. Thomas Howard, &c.= Thomas Howard, born before 1594, was the second son of the first Earl of Suffolk. He was created a Knight of the Bath in January, 1605, and in May, 1614, was appointed Master of the Horse to Charles, Prince of Wales. In 1622 he became Viscount Andover, and in 1626 Earl of Berkshire. He held a number of posts till the outbreak of the Civil War, and after the Restoration was appointed Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Charles II, and Privy Councillor. He died on July 16, 1669. His daughter Elizabeth married Dryden, and his sixth son, Sir Robert Howard, became distinguished as a dramatic writer and critic. Chapman addresses to this patron one of the Sonnets appended to his translation of the _Iliad_, in which he compares him to Antilochus, and calls him "valiant, and mild, and most ingenious."

=169=, 35-36. =the most divine philosopher.= The reference is doubtless to Epictetus, the influence of whose _Discourses_ appears throughout _The Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois_.

=174=, 70. =That thinke . . . that=, that do not consider heavenly bliss complete folly, when compared with money.

=175=, 71-2. =Well . . . arise.= A hypocritical appeal by Baligny to the absent Duke of Guise, of whose ambitious schemes he suspects Renel to be a supporter.

=175=, 79-82. =My brother . . . brother.= Cf. _Introduction_, p. xxxvii.

=176=, 97. =stands now on price with him:= is now the subject of bargaining between him and me.

=178. Monsieur taking leave of the King.= Henry apparently leaves the stage, after this formal ceremony of farewell, without speaking, for he takes no part in the dialogue, and he is not mentioned among those who _exeunt_ at l. 290.

=178=, 145. =See . . . Brabant.= The expedition of the Duke of Anjou here alluded to is that of 1582, when he was crowned Duke of Brabant at Antwerp.

=181=, 202-4. =durst . . . lady.= Cf. _Bussy D'Ambois_, I, ii, 96-179.

=181=, 204-8. =emptied . . . were.= Cf. _Bussy D'Ambois_, III, ii, 478-515.

=182=, 234-5. =When . . . commanders.= Monsieur's description in these and the following lines of Clermont's and Bussy's first appearance at Court is purely fictitious.

=183=, 254. =a keele of sea-coale.= A keel was a flat-bottomed boat, used in the northeast of England, for loading and carrying coal. Afterwards the word was also used of the amount of coal a keel would carry, i. e. 8 chaldrons, or 21 tons 4 cwt. Sea-coal was the original term for the fossil coal borne from Newcastle to London by sea, to distinguish it from _char-coal_. Cf. Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_, I, iv, 9, "at the latter end of a sea-coal fire."

=184=, 267. =a poore knights living.= The knights of Windsor, a small body who had apartments in the Castle, and pensions, were often known as "poor knights."

=185=, 278. =But killing of the King!= Cf. _Bussy D'Ambois_, III, ii, 411.

=188=, 332-3. =Why, is not . . . worthily.= If this is a complimentary allusion to Jaques' speech in _As You Like It_, II, vii, 140-166, it is remarkable as coming from the writer whom Shakespeare at an earlier date had probably attacked in his _Sonnets_.

=188=, 335-42. =what the good Greeke moralist sayes . . . of both.= This passage is based upon the _Discourses_ of Epictetus, bk. IV, vii, 13, which, however, Chapman completely misinterprets. Epictetus is demonstrating that a reasonable being should be able to bear any lot contentedly. "+theleis penian phere kai gnôsêi ti estin penia tychousa kalou hypokritou. theleis archas? phere, kai ponous.+"

+hypokritês+ is used here metaphorically, of one who acts a part in life, not, as Chapman takes it, of an actor in the professional sense.

=188-189=, 354-5. =The splenative philosopher . . . all.= Democritus.

=189=, 356-74. =All objects . . . they were.= These lines are suggested by Juvenal's _Satire_, X, ll. 33-55, but they diverge too far from the original to be merely a paraphrase, as they are termed by the editor of the 1873 reprint.

=191=, 17-18. =That . . . fire.= Cf. _Bussy D'Ambois_, V, iv, 148-53.

=194=, 75. =These . . . armes.= Cf. _Bussy D'Ambois_, V, i, 128-154.

=200-201=, 40-3. =Since they . . . wrong'd:= since these decrees ensure the performance of that guardianship, so that earth and heaven are kept true to their original order and purpose, in no case must the wrong suffered by an individual man, as he thinks, be considered really a wrong done to him.

=203=, 105. =Euphorbus=, son of Panthous, a Trojan hero, who first wounded Patroclus, but was afterwards slain by Menelaus. Pythagoras, as part of his doctrine of the transmigration of souls, is said to have claimed to have been formerly Euphorbus.

=204=, 113-22. =What said . . . power.= The reference is to Sophocles' _Antigone_, 446-457, where the Princess justifies herself for burying her brother's body in defiance of Creon's edict.

=205=, 135-6. =For . . . authoritie.= The lines here paraphrased, to which Chapman gives a marginal reference, are from the _Antigone_, 175-7.

+Amêchanon de pantos andros ekmathein
psychên te kai phronêma kai gnômên, prin ain
archais te kai nomoisin entribês phainêi.+

=205=, 141. =virtuosi.= The word is here used not in the sense of _connoisseurs_, but of _devotees of virtue_. The editor has not been able to trace any other instance of this.

=206=, 157-60. =that lyons . . . prey.= Adapted and expanded from the _Discourses_ of Epictetus, bk. IV, i, 25. The original of the words quoted marginally by Chapman in a Latin version is, +ouchi d' hosôi malakôteron diexagei, tosoutôi doulikôteron?+

=207=, 181. =Simil[iter].= By this marginal reference Chapman seems to indicate that ll. 176-181 are drawn from the same source--the _Discourses_ of Epictetus--as ll. 157-160, to which the previous marginal note refers. But no such passage occurs in the _Discourses_.

=209-210=, 205-34 =The Massacre . . . never massacerd.= On this strange _apologia_ for the Guise's share in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, see _Introduction_, pp. xxxix-xl.

=209-210=, 211-32. =Who was in fault . . . lost.= Freely adapted and transposed from the _Discourses_ of Epictetus, I, xxviii, 11-20.

=210-211=, 246-9. =your brave . . . deere.= Cf. Appendix B, where De Serres mentions the Count of Auvergne's "Scottish horse (which Vitry had given him) the which would have outrunne all the horses of France."

=213=, 5-6. =th'insulting Pillars Of Bacchus and Alcides.= These "Pillars" are mentioned together by Strabo (bk. III, vi), who relates that during Alexander's expedition to India the Macedonians did not see them, but identified those places with them, where they found records of the god or the hero.

=216=, 69-70. =What thinke . . . lackies coates.= Cf. Appendix B, where Nerestan has _three_ "lackquaies," who are in reality "soldiars so attyred" for the purpose of arresting the Count of Auvergne.

=217=, 82-6. =Who knowes . . . made:= who is unaware that crafty policy pads out the giant that does his will, so that his wisdom may seem commensurate with his bulk, though it is merely for a trifling encounter with what, when touched, proves a shadow, though policy makes it out to be a monster.

=219=, 12. =The Locrian princes.= The inhabitants of Locri, a settlement near the promontory of Zephyrium, were celebrated for the excellence of their code of laws, drawn up by Zaleucus.

=220=, 41-46. =Demetrius Phalerius=, born about B. C. 345, was a follower of Phocion, and on the death of the latter in B. C. 317, became head of the Athenian administration. The citizens, in gratitude for his services, erected 360 statues to him, but afterwards turned against him. In B. C. 307 he was driven from Athens, sentence of death was passed on him, and the statues were demolished.

=220=, 47. =Demades=, a contemporary of Demosthenes, who, by his genius for extempore oratory, raised himself to a predominant position in Athens as a champion of the Macedonian influence, but afterwards incurred the penalty of +atimia+.

=228-230=, 209-34. =I will search you . . . search no more.= This episode is suggested by the following passage concerning the Count of Auvergne in Appendix B. "Hee was ready to call the two brothers of Murat into his cabinet, and to cause them to be searcht, for that he was well advertised that they alwayes carryed the Kings letters and his commandments. But a great resolution, thinking that there is no more harme in fearing, then in the thing that causeth feare, feares extremely to make shewe that hee hath any feare."

=233=, 24. =Two . . . Hercules.= A proverbial expression. Cf. V, iv, 34-5.

=234=, 14-25. =When Homer . . . despis'd.= The editor of the 1873 edition of Chapman's Plays points out that "these twelve lines headed _Of great men_ appear, with a few unimportant verbal differences, among the Epigrams printed at the end of Chapman's Petrarch in 1612."

=234=, 20. =for disposing these:= for regulating these gifts of fame, strength, noble birth, and beauty. _These_ is used loosely to qualify the nouns implied by the adjectives, _Strong'st_, _noblest_, _fairest_, in l. 19.

=236=, 56-7. =You can . . . minde.= If the text is correct, the lines mean: you can never find means to give attention to externals without neglecting the improvement of your mind. Mr. Brereton has suggested to the editor that the true reading may be, _Things out worth care_, in which case "out" = "outward."

=236=, 58-75. =God . . . birth.= A free paraphrase of the _Discourses_ of Epictetus, bk. IV, vii, 6-11.

=236=, 78-9. =But . . . honour=, but the reason alleged, to see these battalions in review order, is a great compliment to you.

=237=, 84-95. =I over-tooke . . . the Earle of Oxford.= The subject of this remarkable encomium was Edward de Vere (1550-1604), seventeenth Earl of Oxford. He was educated at Cambridge, and from an early age became a prominent figure at the Court of Elizabeth, who, it was said in 1573, "delighteth more in his personage, and his dancing and valiantness, than any other." In 1575 he paid a visit to Italy, and it is apparently to an episode on his return journey in the spring of 1576 that reference is made here, and in the following lines. The portrait here drawn of him is too flattering, as he was violent in temper and extravagant, but the Earl's literary gifts merited the praise of Chapman. Puttenham and Meres speak highly of him as a writer of comedy, and Webbe pays a tribute to his excellence in "the rare devises of poetry." Over twenty of his lyrics survive, chiefly in anthologies.

=237=, 95-103. =being offer'd . . . quit.= The _Duke Cassimere_ here spoken of was John Casimir, Count Palatine, who in the autumn of 1575 entered into alliance with the Huguenots and invaded France, but, after suffering a check at the hands of the Duke of Guise, made a truce and retired. The incident here spoken of apparently took place in the spring of the next year (cf. the previous note). Why, however, does Chapman introduce it here, and how did he know of it? Can he, immediately after leaving Oxford, which he entered, according to Wood, "in 1574 or thereabouts," have gone in Oxford's train to the Continent?

=238=, 112. =a Sir John Smith.= Though alluded to in so contemptuous a way, this Sir John Smith appears to be the noted soldier of fortune, diplomatist, and military writer, who lived from about 1534 to 1607. After serving for many years in continental armies, in 1574 he became an agent of the English government, and took part in various diplomatic missions. In 1590 he published "Certain Discourses concerning the formes and effects of divers sorts of Weapons" and dedicated the work to the English nobility, whom he calls in one part of his "proeme" the "verie eyes, eares and language of the king, and the bodie of the watch, and redresse of the Commonwealth." Hence perhaps the allusion in l. 113 to "common Nobles fashions."

=238-9=, 127-41. =If you would Consull be . . . no thought?= A translation of the _Discourses_ of Epictetus, bk. IV, x, 20-22.

=238-9=, 129-30. =gloryfying Plebeians, Kissing Patricians hands.= Epictetus has simply, +tas cheiras kataphilêsai+.

=239=, 134. =sit for the whole tribunall.= A mistranslation of +epi bêma kathisai+, i. e. "sit on the tribunal."

=239=, 138-9. =And to be voide . . . constancie.= An obscure rendering of +hyper apatheias oun, hyper ataraxias+. _For constancie_ = for the sake of tranquillity of mind.

=240=, 152. =Colonell.= Clermont seems to be addressed by this title because of the statement in Appendix B that "D'Eurre intreated the count of Auvergne to see [the muster] to the ende . . . that all his companions should be wonderfully honored with the presence of their coronell."

=242-3=, 11-39. =What spirit . . . of the skie.= This account of Clermont's desperate struggle to avoid capture is an invention of Chapman. P. Matthieu says of the Count of Auvergne: "It was feared that he would not have suffered himselfe to bee taken so easily nor so quietly." Cf. Appendix B.

=245=, 77. ="Who . . . none."= Cf. III, ii, 242.

=245=, 80-5. =But . . . more.= Cf. Appendix B. "Hee was mooved to see himselfe so intreated by laquais, intreating D'Eurre . . . that hee might not see those rascals any more."

=246=, 99. =organe of his danger:= instrument of his dangerous designs.

=246=, 109. =To leave . . . trumpets.= Cf. Appendix B. "'Well,' said hee, 'I yeeld, what will you have mee to doe?' 'That you mount upon the trompets horse,' sayd D'Eurre."

=247=, 112-24. =let mee begge . . . rather die.= Cf. Appendix B. "He intreated D'Eurre to lend him one of his troupe to carry some message of his remembrance, and of his miserie, to a ladie that attended him. . . . Shee loved him well, and was well beloved: for the Count of Auvergne hath been heard say, that if the King did set him at libertie and send him back to his house, uppon condition that he should not see this ladie, hee would rather desire to die."

=250=, 30. =Something . . . goe.= An obscure line. It seems to mean that, as the wealth of merchants may be scattered by storms, so the performances of "state-merchants" or rulers may be cut short before obtaining their end.

=254=, 44-5. =let . . . danger:= let them be afraid that the precedents set by Kings in violating obligations may prove a dangerous example.

=255=, 70-76. =O knew I . . . a pistoll.= Cf. Appendix B. "If I knew . . . that I might save him, in forcing through your troupe, I would willingly doe it, and if I had but tenne men of my courage and resolution, you should not carrie him where you thinke. But I will never die till I have given D'Eurre a hundred shott with a pistoll, and to Murat a hundred blowes with a sword."

=256=, 87. =Exit Ancil[la].= i. e. Riova, the Countess's waiting-maid.

=257=, 108. =This . . . charge.= The thrifty Usher is apparently deploring that the Countess, before retiring, had sent so rich a gift of jewels to Clermont.

=259=, 42-3. =this Senecall man . . . compare.= He is so completely a Senecall man that he may be compared with, etc.

=259=, 51-3. =Cacusses . . . still.= The legend of the Italian shepherd and robber Cacus, who carried his plunder to his cave or "den," is told by Ovid (_Fasti_, I, 544 ff.), Virgil (_Æneid_, VIII, 190 ff.), and other writers.

=260=, 57-8. =Better . . . thrive:= it were better for a man to be buried alive than exist as a mere property for a despoliating government to grow rich upon.

=265=, 98-102. =the late . . . on him.= It is singular that _Bussy D'Ambois_ contains no such "dying prophesie" as is here alluded to, unless the reference is to V, iv, 76-78. Bussy, as he dies, forgives his murderers (V, iv, 112).

=267=, 37-9. =Hast thou . . . Reimes.= Cf. Appendix B. "At the Barricades this voice was heard: 'It is no longer time to dally, let us lead my lord to Reimes.'"

=268=, 53. =The cause alike doth.= The same cause doth.

=268=, 55-61. =which . . . counsailes.= Cf. Appendix B. "Advertisements were come to him from all parts, both within and without the realme, from Rome, Spaine, Lorraine, and Savoye, that a bloodie catastrophe would dissolve the assemblie."

=268-69=, 62-8. =Retyre . . . exhale.= Cf. Appendix B. "The Archbishop of Lion . . . 'Retyring yourselfe from the Estates' (said he unto him) 'you shall beare the blame to have abandoned France in so important an occasion, and your enemies, making their profit of your absence, wil sone overthrowe al that which you have with so much paine effected for the assurance of religion.'"

=270=, 89-91. =To be . . . eternitie:= to be His image is to do the deeds that confer immortality, which, owing to the existence of death, consists only in doing the deeds that befit eternal life.

=270=, 102. =Thou dream'st awake now.= Guise here turns Clermont's own words in l. 41 against him.

=272=, 144-8. =those loveliest eyes . . . teares.= A much more overwhelming calamity than that which befell the lady in the original narrative, where it is stated that owing to her "passion . . . she lost the sight of one eye for a tyme."

=276=, 18-19. =for not . . . neglect:= for the counsels that you disclose you do not render of no account.

=278=, 29. =this mortal quarrie:= this deadly attack. _Quarry_ is generally used of slaughtered game, but it also signifies the attack or swoop of the bird or beast of prey on its victim, and here we have an extension of this sense.

=280=, 3-6. =I . . . enter.= Chapman here combines two episodes assigned by De Serres to different days. Cf. Appendix B. "The eve before his death, the Duke himselfe sitting down to dinner, found a scroule under his napkin, advertising him of this secret ambush." On the following morning "the Duke of Guise comes, and attending the beginning of the councell sends for a handkercher. . . . Pericart, his secretarie . . . ties a note to one of the corners thereof, saying, 'Come forth and save your selfe, else you are but a dead man.'"

=281=, 34-5. =Not . . . goe.= Taken in conjunction with III, iii, 24, this means: Hercules is no match for two foes, but Guise will encounter two, though with Hercules as their ally.

=283=, 61-3. =y'have a brother to . . . on him.= Louis de Lorraine, youngest brother of the Duke of Guise, became Archbishop of Rheims in 1574, and Cardinal in 1578.

=286=, 33-4. =the sword . . . life.= Cf. _Bussy D'Ambois_, V, iv, 114-118.

=286=, 41-2. =Hee will lie . . . shee cryes.= This habit of the lapwing gave the bird an evil reputation as a symbol of deceitfulness. Cf. _Measure for Measure_, I, iv, 32.

Though 'tis my familiar sin
With maids to seem the lapwing and to jest,
Tongue far from heart.

For a sarcastic hit at a different trick of the lapwing, cf. _Hamlet_, V, ii, 174.

=289=, 85. =[Enter Renel, the Countess, and] Charlotte above.= The addition of the bracketed words is necessary, as the Q gives no indication of the entrance of these two characters. They appear with Charlotte "above," i. e. in a gallery at the back of the stage. When Charlotte, enraged at Clermont's slowness in dispatching Montsurry, "gets downe" (l. 87), they remain in the gallery unobserved.

=291=, 125-7. =That the Shatillions ghost . . . death.= Gaspar de Chatillon, better known as Admiral de Coligny, the champion of the Huguenot party, was murdered during "the Massacre of St. Bartholomew," on Aug. 24, 1572, at the instigation of the Duke of Guise.

=293=, 161. =I . . . descend.= Renel and the Countess have overheard from the gallery (cf. note on l. 85) Clermont's speech, and Renel, realising that it foreshadows suicide, descends in the hope of preventing this. But, as he has to lead his blind companion, his progress is slow, and when they "enter" the main stage (l. 203), it is too late.