Chapter XXIV: Part II: The Earlier Printed Books (1)

=I.--The Renaissance as the Forerunner of the Printing-Press.=
=II.--The Invention of Printing and the Work of the First Printers
of Holland and Germany.=
=III.--The Printer-Publishers of Italy.=

=Volume II. 1500-1709.= (Ready September, 1896.)

=IV.--The Printer-Publishers of France.=
=V.--The Later Estiennes and Casaubon.=
=VI.--Caxton and the Introduction of Printing into England.=
=VII.--The Kobergers of Nuremberg.=
=VIII.--Froben of Basel.=
=IX.--Erasmus and his Books.=
=X.--Luther as an Author.=
=XI.--Plantin of Antwerp.=
=XII.--The Elzevirs of Leyden and Amsterdam.=
=XIII.--Italy: Privileges and Censorship.=
=XIV.--Germany: Privileges and Book-Trade Regulations.=
=XV.--France: Privileges, Censorship, and Legislation.=
=XVI.--England: Privileges, Censorship, and Legislation.=
=XVII.--Conclusion: The Development of the Conception of Literary
Property.=

G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
New York: 29 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand

A Literary History of the English People

From the Earliest Times to the Present Day.

By J. J. JUSSERAND

Author of “The English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare,” etc., etc.

To be complete in three parts, each part forming one volume. (_Sold separately._)

=Part I.--From the Origins to the Renaissance.= 8º, pp. xxii + 545. With frontispiece in photogravure. $3.50.

=Part II.--From the Renaissance to Pope.= (_In press._)

=Part III.--From Pope to the Present Day.= (_In preparation._)

We may say, without contradiction, that the marvellous story of our literature in its vital connection with the origin and growth of the English people has never been treated with a greater union of conscientious research, minute scholarship, pleasantness of humor, picturesqueness of style, and sympathetic intimacy.--_London Chronicle._

The most important and delightful contribution to the popular study of English literature since Taine’s volumes were published, is to be made by M. J. J. Jusserand in his “Literary History of the English People.” ... Only the most meagre sketch of the pleasure in store for the readers of M. Jusserand’s volume can be given here. No one interested in the beginnings of English literature can fail to be pleased with this delightful study. A thoroughly stimulating book ... which will arouse fresh interest in the early periods of our literature.--_Literary World._

M. Jusserand is an investigator of keen insight and indefatigable energy. He has also the quality which gives to him, from his Latin parentage, synthesis and literary tact.... He paints a picture.... It is unquestionably true that for this generation, M. Jusserand has said the last word on this subject.... For the period of Chaucer, he has summarized what is known with admirable skill.... His work must be accepted as the authority on the Middle Ages as they were lived in England.--_N. Y. Commercial Advertiser._

The book bears witness on every page to having been written by one whose mind was overflowing with information, and whose heart was in abounding sympathy with his work. Mr. Jusserand possesses pre-eminently the modern spirit of inquiry, which has for its object the attainment of truth and a comprehension of the beginnings of things and of the causes that have brought about effects.--_N. Y. Times._

After so many excellent works, of which English literature is the subject, have been issued in England and on the Continent, after even the epic work of Taine, yet M. Jusserand still contrives to be original, fresh, and creative. The history of English literature has been written before, but what he gives us is something new; it is the literary history of the English people, that is to say, he makes us follow the historical evolution of the nation in literature, and what that evolution has created and revealed. He has employed a method which could not be used with success, except by a man with a thorough and correct knowledge of literature and the history of the English people, and of the people themselves, and one who is worthy of serious consideration by all literary historians.--_La Revue de Paris_, July 1, 1894, on the French Edition.

G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS
New York: 27 West 23d St. London: 24 Bedford St., Strand

INDEX

A

Abbon, Saint, i, 56

Abelard, the philosophy of, i, 198; the lectures of, i, 198; the
influence of, upon the theological school of Paris, i, 198;
considered as the actual founder of the University of Paris, i,
197, 198

Academies, literary, of Italy, i, 322 _ff._, 344

Academy, of Venice, the, literary undertakings of, i, 423 _ff._

---- of France, founding of the, ii, 458

_Adagia_, the, of Erasmus, the first edition of, ii, 194; the Aldine
edition of, ii, 199

Adamnanus, life of S. Columba, cited, i, 50

Adolph of Nassau, captures Mayence, i, 371

Adrian VI, ii, 29

Aedh, King, presides over the parliament of Drumceitt, i, 49

Aelfric, _Homilies_ of, i, 101; the canons of, i, 101

Agapetus, Pope, i, 22

Agnien, _libraire_ in Paris in the 13th century, i, 271

Agricola, librarian of Heidelberg in 1485, orders books for the
library, i, 297

Aimoin of Fleury, i, 56

Albert, Abbot of Gembloux, makes collection of manuscripts, i, 231

---- of Brandenburg, ii, 229

Alcuin, training of, by Egbert, i, 107; the library of, at York, i,
62; correspondence of, with Charlemagne, i, 62, 109; the methods
in his _scriptorium_, i, 66; institutes the imperial schools in
Aachen, Tours, and Milan, i, 109; poem of, on the library of York
Cathedral, i, 108; his imperial pupils, i, 109; treatise of, on
orthography, i, 111; his injunction to pious scribes, i, 113; list
of the writings of, i, 114; death of, at Tours, i, 115; describes
the journeys of Aelbert, i, 228; the educational work of, ii, 479
_ff._

Aldersbach, monastery of, i, 40.

Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborn, visits Berthwold in Canterbury, i, 97;
imports books from France, i, 97.

_Aldi Filii_, the name adopted by the son and grandson of the founder
of the firm, i, 438

Aldine classics, the, models for the Elzevirs, ii, 301

---- Press, close of the work of, i, 438; operations of the, in Rome,
i, 441 _ff._

Aldus Manutius, work of, in the printing of Greek texts, i, 243;
relations of, to the book trade of Italy and of Europe, i, 415;
earlier life of, i, 417 _ff._; letter of, stating his aims, i,
418; first publications of, i, 420; literary undertakings of,
i, 419; marriage of, i, 420; Greek classics issued by, i, 420;
institutes the Academy of Venice, i, 423; correspondence of, with
France and with Germany, i, 424 _ff._; reputation of, in Germany,
i, 430; letter of, to Taberio, i, 430; summary of publications of,
i, 432; financial difficulties of, competition of, with piratical
reprinters, i, 432; secures papal privileges, i, 432; initiates
new forms of type, i, 434; attempts to defend his office against
literary loafers, i, 437; death of, i, 438; summary of the career
of, i, 439; ii, 12, 22, 23, 102, 151, 194; privilege given to, for
Greek text, ii, 346; privilege given to, for italic text, ii, 347;
publishes the _Letters of Phalaris_, ii, 351; ii, 487

Aldus Manutius the second, i, 438; business experience of, i, 441;
gives up business as a printer, i, 445

Aleander, Hieronymus, Greek scholar and theologian, i, 422, ii, 12
_ff._

Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, the library of, i, 147

Alfano, the poem of, on monastery life, i, 127

Alfonso, King of Aragon and Sicily, offers rewards for literary
productions, i, 330

Alfred, King, attends school in Oxford, i, 119; service of, to the
literary interests of England, i, 98; makes English version of
Gregory’s _Pastoral Care_, i, 99; complains of the ignorance of
Englishmen, i, 99; prepares English translations of certain famous
books, orders transcripts of the national chronicles, i, 100

Al-hakem, Kahlif, library of, in Cordova, i, 254; pays large sums for
the writing of books, i, 254

Alphonso, King of Naples, the literary circle of, i, 252

Amalasuentha, Queen of the Goths, i, 20

Amandus, Abbot of Salem, i, 85

Ambrose, Saint, _Legenda Aurea_ of, cited, i, 37

Amerbach, Basilius, ii, 238

---- Boniface, ii, 173

---- Johann, editor, printer and publisher of Basel, i, 393, ii, 151;
purchases paper stock with an edition of S. Augustine, i, 348;
relations of, with Koberger, i, 393; relations of, with Froben, i,
393

Andreä, Hieronymus, ii, 410

Andreas, Abbot of Bergen, i, 86

Andrews, Bishop, ii, 97, 99

Angus the Culdee, the _Festilogium_ of, i, 46

Anjou, the Countess of, pays, in 1460, a great price for a copy of
_Homilies_, i, 299

Anna Gray, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

_Annales Ecclesiastici_, ii, 97

Anne, Queen, the Act of, ii, 472

Anselm, Saint, the Peripatetic, cited, i, 39, 197; recommends to his
pupils the study of an expurgated Virgil, i, 62

Anshelm, Thomas, publisher of Tübingen, ii, 165, 172, 231

_Antidotarium_, the, i, 196

Antwerp as a publishing centre, ii, 255 _ff._; losses of, through the
revolt of the Netherlands, ii, 274

_Apologia pro Herodoto_, ii, 72 _ff._

Aquinas, Thomas, the _de Censuris_ of, ii, 386

Arabian writers, bring to Europe the literature of Greece, i, 181;
medical works of, used as text-books, i, 195

_Areopagitica_ of Milton, the, ii, 474 _ff._

Arethas, the scribes of, i, 42

Aretinus, Johannes, _librarius_, i, 234, 246

Ariosto, the _Orlando_ of, ii, 370

Arminius, the doctrines of, ii, 291

Arnest, Archbishop of Prague, i, 44

Arnold, Abbot of Villers, i, 75

Arts and Industries, bureau of, in Venice, ii, 361

Arundel, Archbishop, ii, 130

---- Earl of, ii, 118, 123

Ascensius, _see_ Badius.

Ascham, Roger, ii, 145

Asser, Bishop, organizes education in the kingdom of Alfred, i, 99

Athalaric, King of the Goths, i, 20

Atkyns, Richard, on the introduction of printing into England, ii, 134

Atticus, relations of, to the book-trade of Italy, i, 416

_Auctores Frobeniani_, ii, 185

Augsburg, the early printers of, i, 396

Augustine, Saint, writings of, i, 3; literary work of, i, 32, 33; on
the value of ignorance, i, 121; the library of, i, 147

Augustinians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148

Aungerville, Richard (de Bury), i, 308 _ff._

Aura, Saint, and scholar, i, 51

Aurelian, Saint, the _Rule_ of, i, 123

Aurispa, Johannes, dealer in manuscripts, i, 242; brings to Florence
his collection of manuscripts, i, 251; correspondence of, with
Filelfo, i, 251; publishing undertakings of, i, 251; fate of the
manuscripts of, i, 253

Austria, censorship in, ii, 249

Author, rights of, in literary production, under the laws of Venice,
ii. 399 _ff._

Authors, payments to, by Plantin, ii, 276 _ff._; acting as their own
publishers in Germany, ii, 435; in France, ii, 435

Averrhoes, i, 181; the philosophy of, i, 196

Avicenna, i, 181; the medical treatises of, i, 196

Avitus, the Emperor, i, 8

Azo, i, 183

B

Bacon, Roger, seeks scribes for the manifolding of his treatises,
i, 84; makes complaint concerning the ignorance of the scribes of
Paris, i, 218

Badius, Jodocus, (Ascensius), ii, 10, 12, 23, 31; commends the work
of Koberger, ii, 155

Balzac, Jean L. G., Sieur de, ii, 310, 333 _ff._

Barbaro, Daniele, ii, 345

---- Hermolao, ii, 345

Barcelona, early manuscript-dealers in, i, 313

Bards, orders of, i, 48

---- Celtic, arraigned before the Parliament of Drumceitt, i, 48;
existence of, preserved by Columba, i, 48,

Barnet, battle of, ii, 128

Baronius, ii, 97

Barrois, ii, 105

Barstch, _Im. anz. d. Germ. Mus._ cited, i, 40 _ff._

Basel, the Council of, i, 85; as a publishing centre, i, 391; ii,
204; the University of, i, 391; ii, 178; the relations of the
magistracy of, to the printing business, i, 392; world-wide
reputation of the printers of, i, 395; University of, in its
relations with the printers, i, 395; regulations of the magistracy
of, concerning literary piracies, ii, 412

Bassa, Domenico, secures an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii,
379 _ff._

Baudius, ii, 289

Baudoke, Ralph de, Dean of S. Paul’s, i, 105

Bautzen, school regulations of, i, 283

Bayle, the _Dictionary_ of, ii, 444

Beaupré, the manuscripts of, i, 131

Beauvais, Jean de, _librarius_ of Paris in the 14th century, record
of his sales, i, 273

Beccadelli, the _Hermaphroditus_ of, i, 331

Beda, Noel, describes the purchase of books in Rome, i, 227; ii, 262,
444 _ff._

Bede, the venerable, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; a pupil of Biscop,
writes in Jarrow the _Chronicles_, i, 95

Bedier, Chancellor, ii, 210

Behem, Franz, printer of Mayence, i, 381

---- Martin, ii, 175

Belisarius, captures Ravenna, i, 20

Benaliis, Bernardino de, ii, 348

Benedict, Saint, i, 9, 10; the Order of, instituted, i, 12; the
_Rule_ of, i, 12, 28; the literary interests of, i, 13; his
_scriptorium_, i, 12; relations with Cassiodorus, i, 12; life of,
written by Pope Gregory I., i, 28

Benedictine monasteries in their relations to literature, ii, 480
_ff._

Benedictines, the records by Mabillon and Ziegelbauer of the literary
work of, i, 122

Beowulf, an early text of, i, 92

Berlin, the earlier book-trade of, ii, 424 _ff._; the book-dealers
of, ii, 425

Bernard, Saint, pious fraud upon, i, 76

Berne, the convention of, ii, 339, 506

Berneggerus, Matthew, ii, 309

Berners, Juliana, ii, 138

Berquin, bookseller of Paris, ii, 443

Berri, Duke of, ii, 116

Berthold, Elector of Mayence, ii, 420

Berthold von Henneberg on the _Divine Art of Printing_, i, 368

Berthwold, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 96

Bertile, the nun, gives lectures at Chelles, i, 51

Bessarion, Cardinal, literary activities of, i, 330, 365

Beza, ii, 54

Bible, terms used for, in middle ages, i, 44; books of, circulated
separately, i, 44; great cost of certain manuscript copies of,
in the national library at Paris, i, 299; first work printed by
Gutenberg, i, 373; the first edition of, sold in Paris, i, 374;
editions of, in various languages, printed in Zurich, i, 396;
printing of the first edition in Hebrew, i, 459; version of, by
Coverdale, ii, 141; version of, by Hollybush, ii, 142; German
versions of, published by Koberger, ii, 158; the Lutheran version
of, i, 223 _ff._; the version of, known as Matthews’s, ii, 141;
Tyndale’s version of, ii, 140; Wyclif’s translation of, ii, 130;
first printed in England, ii, 140

_Bible Polyglotte_, printed by Plantin, ii, 260 _ff._

Bibles, the printing of, in England, ii, 128 _ff._

_Biblia Pauperum_, i, 350 _ff._

_Bibliotheca_, used to denote the Scriptures, i, 44

_Bidelli_ or _Bedelli_, derivation of the term, i, 187; functions of,
i, 187

Biot, J. B., characterises the philosophical work of the
universities, i, 222

Birckmann, Franz, publisher of Cologne and of London, i, 388;
difficulties of, with the censors of Antwerp, i, 390

Biscop, Benedict, founds monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, i,
95; makes journeys to Rome, collects books and pictures, i, 95;
far-reaching influence of his educational work, i, 107; purchases
books in Rome, i, 227

Blades, William, ii, 102 _ff._

Blaubeuern, the monastery of, manuscript work in, i, 86;
printing-presses established in, i, 86

_Blickling Homilies, the_, i, 101

Block-books, i, 350 _ff._; block-printing, i, 350

Blois, library of the Château of, ii, 446

Bobbio, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Boccaccio, translates the Iliad and the Odyssey into Latin, i, 323,
324; influence of, upon the study of Greek, i, 325; the _Decameron_
of, i, 325; script of, used as a model for italic type, ii, 347

Bohic, Heinrich, manuscript of, i, 40; the commentary of, i, 230

Boleyn, Anne, ii, 140

Bologna, the academies of, i, 345; the earlier scribes in, i, 245;
statutes of the city of, i, 192; University of, i, 181, 183 _ff._

Bolomyer, Henry, ii, 119

Bomberg, printer of Venice, ii, 371

Bonaccorsi, paper maker and publisher, i, 238

Bonhomme, Jean, bookseller to the University, 1486-1490, i, 276

Boniface, Saint, i, 53

Bonus, Abbot of St. Michael in Pisa, i, 138

_Book of Kells_, manuscript, ascribed to Columba, i, 47

Books, the making of, in the monasteries, i, 16 _ff._; the making
of, in the early universities, i, 178 _ff._; the prices of, during
the Middle Ages, i, 135, 297 _ff._; the rental of, in the Italian
Universities, i, 189, 191; secured by chains, i, 141; pledged with
the pawnbrokers of Oxford, i, 310; prices of those first printed,
i, 375 _ff._

Books in manuscript, sold by pedlars, i, 261; sales of, in Paris
in the 14th century under formal contracts, i, 272; sold at the
English fairs, i, 306; prices of, in Venice, in the 15th century,
i, 413-415; importation of, to England, ii, 133; printed in Germany
during the Reformation period, ii, 240; prices of, in Antwerp, in
1576, ii, 279; transportation of, between Holland and Italy, ii, 301

Book-dealers of Paris exempted from taxes, i, 203; terms describing
the, i, 205; regulations for the examination of, i, 206; classed as
members of a profession, i, 213 _ff._; locality occupied by, i, 217

Book-manufacturing, cost of, with the earlier Venetian publishers, i,
413

Book-production in Europe, stages in the history of, i, 10, 11, 12

Bookseller of Venice, the daybook of a, i, 414

Booksellers, location in Paris of early, i, 262; in Venice,
matriculation requirements for, ii, 309

Bookselling in the monasteries, i, 134

Book-trade, the, in Italy during the manuscript period, i, 225;
survival of, after the fall of the Western Empire, i, 225; of
Paris, under the control of the University authorities, i, 199
_ff._; earlier regulations regarding the, i, 201 _ff._; of the
University of Paris, regulations of, for the sale of books, i,
208 _ff._; membership of the, in the 14th and 15th centuries,
i, 210 _ff._; of Paris in the 13th century, i, 257 _ff._; of
Germany, relations of, to the Reformation, ii, 218; in the early
universities, i, 178 _ff._; between Venice and England, i, 242

Bosco, instructor in Paris, i, 221

Bossuet, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 462 _ff._

Bosworth Field, the battle of, ii, 123, 129

Bourchier, Thomas, ii, 135

Boville, Charles, ii, 19

Braccio, ii, 351

Bracciolino, Poggio, i, 333 _ff._

Bracton, Henry of, i, 308

Brandenburg, censorship in, ii, 244; privileges in, ii, 424

Brandis, publisher of Leipzig, i, 400

Brazizza, orator and author, i, 355

Breda, the peace of, ii, 317

Brehons, an order of Celtic bards, i, 48

Bremen, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246

_Brœders van de Penne_, i, 89

Brice, Hugh, ii, 116, 123

Brome, Prior of Gorlestone, initiates the making of indexes, i, 141

Brothers of Common Life, the, i, 88 _ff._; manuscripts produced by,
i, 88, 89; printing-offices established by, i, 90; the work of,
in the production and distribution of manuscripts, i, 282; early
interest of, in printing, i, 282; the manuscript trade of the, i,
291 _ff._; distribute cheap books among the people, i, 368; the
first printing done by the, i, 369; the printing and publishing
undertakings of the, i, 399, ii, 109

Brown, Horatio F., ii, 344

Bruges, ii, 102 _ff._

---- Louis de, i, 105 _ff._

Bruin, Leonardo, on the book-trade of Florence, i, 234

Brute, _Chronicle_ of, ii, 116, 139

Buchanan, George, ii, 65 _ff._

Budæus, scholar and diplomat, ii, 13 _ff._; influence of, with
Francis I., ii, 14 _ff._, 39; work of, printed by Vascosanus, ii, 25

Bulæus, _History of the University of Paris_, by, i, 256

Bull, of Benedict VIII., 1022, i, 44; of Leo X., 1520, ii, 225;
papal, concerning the productions of the printing-press, ii, 359

Burer, Mathias, i, 40

Burgo, Antonio de’, i, 449

Burgundy, the dukes of, patrons of producers of books, i, 268, 294

---- Duke of, ii, 102

Bury, Richard de, i, 44; buys books in Paris, i, 218; buys books
in Rome; i, 228; describes his relations with the booksellers of
Europe, i, 233; makes reference to the wide extent of the business
of the manuscript-dealers, i, 296

Busby, Doctor, ii, 81

Busch, ii, 167

Busleiden, ii, 41

Bussi, Bishop of Aleria, an early patron of printing, i, 405

Bydell, John, ii, 142

C

Cædmon, the songs of, i, 93; paraphrases of the Scriptures, i, 93;
composes _The Revolt of Satan_, i, 93

Caen, printing in, ii, 257

Cæsaris and Stoll, establish the second press in Paris, ii, 7

Cæsarius of Arles, convent of, i, 51; the _Chronicles_ of, i, 225

Calcar, Abbot Heinrich von, i, 85

Calcedonio, ii, 350

Calvin, ii, 51, 52 _ff._; the _Institutes_ of, ii, 55

Calvinists, held responsible for the destruction of many monasteries,
i, 132

Camaldulensers, of St. Michael, carry on a trade in manuscripts, i,
234

Camaldulensis, Ambrosius, writes to Aretinus, i, 246

Cambrai, the League of, i, 420; ii, 357

Cambridge, the University of, i, 181; ii, 60; first printing in, ii,
138

Campanus, Bishop of Teramo, patron and press-corrector, i, 406

Campeggi, Cardinal, ii, 246

Campensis, (Morrhius), ii, 24

Canonical Law, works in, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160

_Canterbury Tales_, Caxton’s Text for, ii, 114

Capella, Martianus, _The Satyricon_, i, 116

Carpi, the Princess of, loans funds to Aldus, i, 419

Carthusians, literary work in the monasteries of, i, 70; the
regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148

Cartolajo, Francesco, i, 238

Cartularii or Chartularii, i, 44

Casaubon, Arnold, ii, 88

---- Isaac, ii, 27, 67 _ff._, 85 _ff._; 315; ii,; death of, ii, 100

Cassian, the _Institutes_ of, ii, 167

Cassiodorus, i, 10; birth of, i, 14, 17; summary of career, i, 14;
Abbot of Vivaria i, 15; offices held by, i, 17, 18; the _Letters_
of, i, 18; _Variæ_ of, cited, i, 18 _ff._; _Chronicon_ of, i, 19;
_History of the Goths_, of, i, 19; secures a policy of toleration
for the Gothic Kingdom, i, 18; retires to Bruttii, i, 20; character
of, as a minister, i, 20; founds monastery of Mons Castellius, i,
21; writes _De Anima_, i, 22; plans school of Christian literature,
i, 22; describes the work of his _scriptorium_, i, 26; lamps
invented by, i, 26; transcribes Jerome’s version of the Scriptures,
i, 26; writings of, i, 26, 27; death of, i, 27; character of, i,
27; work of, compared with that of Alcuin, i, 110-115; 182

Castellazzo, ii, 370

Castiglione, ii, 376

Castro, Leon de, ii, 262

Catalogue of books published in England, 1666-1680, ii, 148

_Cathac_, or “the Fighter,” name applied to the Psalter of Columba,
i, 47

Catharine, Saint, the monastery of, i, 146

Catharine of Medici, ii, 70

Caxton, Maude, ii, 123

---- William, relations of, with Cologne, i, 388; ii, 101 _ff._, 178,
467

Ceaddæ, Saint, an early manuscript of, i, 231

Cecilia, daughter of William the Conqueror, organises the school in
her convent at Kucaen, i, 52

Cell, John de, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103

Celtes, Conrad, secures the earliest German privilege, i, 426;
relations of, with Aldus, i, 426, 435; ii, 175, 414, 421

Cennino, goldsmith and printer, i, 457

Censorship, exercised by the theologians of the universities over
the book-trade of Paris, i, 214 _ff._; ecclesiastical, i, 343; ii,
27; in France, ii, 437 _ff._; formal institution of, in France,
ii, 441_ff._; in Germany, ii, 242 _ff._; in Austria, ii, 249; in
Holland, ii, 296 _ff._, 337; literary, establishment of, in Venice,
II., 352 _ff._; 356, 403; in the Low Countries, ii, 266

Censorship, and privileges in Italy, ii, 343 _ff._

Chabanais, of St. Cybar, i, 56

Chantor, the, has charge of the library of the monastery, i, 101

Charlemagne, i, 36; enquires concerning Monastic Orders, i, 31;
listens to reading, i, 69; policy of, in regard to education,
i, 106; entrusts the imperial schools to Alcuin, i, 107; the
_capitular_ of, i, 112; interested in the school of Salerno, i,
182; orders the translation of Greek medical treatises, i, 182;
alleged connection of, with the University of Bologna, i, 183;
name of, associated with a group of the older schools, i, 197;
instructions of, concerning the disposition of his books, i, 230;
relations of, to education and literature, ii, 478 _ff._

Charles II. and printing in England, ii, 135

---- IV., i, 184

---- of Austria, ii, 201

---- V., Emperor, ii, 39, 140, 242; edict of 1521, ii, 266; edict of,
for the regulation of the Press, ii, 442

---- V., of France, letters-patent of, i, 206

---- VI., Emperor, secures the library of S. Giovanni, i, 147;
exempts book-dealers from certain war taxes, i, 207

---- VII., plans to introduce printing into France, ii, 2 _ff._

---- VIII., ii, 357; funeral procession of, ii, 440

---- IX., ii. 70; issues the ordinance of Moulins, ii, 450

_Chartularii_, definition of the term, i, 235

Chaucer, the _Troilus and Cressida_ of, i, 302; _Canterbury Tales_,
i, 305; ii, 114, 126; described by Caxton, ii, 132

Chevillier, on the early book-trade of Paris, i, 200; schedule
prepared by, of manuscripts of the 13th century, i, 259; ii, 60; on
the relations of Francis I. with the reformers, ii, 444

Choir books, produced as manuscripts after the invention of printing,
i, 87

Christina, Queen, ii, 305 _ff._

Christine (or Cristyne), de Pisa, ii, 115, 120

Chrodegang, Archbishop, initiates a reform of the monasteries, i, 128

Chrysoloras, the first professor of Greek in Florence, i, 325; ii, 23

Church and State in Germany, conflicts of, concerning the control of
literature in Germany, ii, 418 _ff._

Church of Rome, the, influence of, on education in the universities,
i, 178

Churches of North Germany, book-trade carried on in the, i, 283

Cicero, _Letters_ of, for sale by all the earlier dealers in
manuscripts, i, 250; early editions of, in Paris, ii, 21 _ff._

Cistercians, regulations of the, for the care of books, i, 148

Clarendon Press of Oxford, ii, 297

Clark, J. W., _Libraries in the Mediæval Period_, cited, i, 29 _ff._;
on the library methods of the Benedictines, i, 148

Classics, Latin, preserved in the monasteries, i, 61

Clement VII., ii, 29

---- VIII. grants an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii., 379 _ff._

Clemente, printer and illuminator of Lucca, i, 455

_Clementine Index_, the (of Clement VIII.), ii, 377

Clerics, as scribes, i, 36; as officials, i, 36

Clictou, Josse, ii, 19

Clugni, catalogue of the library in the Abbey of, i, 131

_Clugni, the Customs of_, cited, i, 63, 70

Cluniacs, library regulations of, i, 30, 147

Cochläus, ii, 227

Codeca, Matteo de, ii, 349

_Codex Argenteus_, the, ii, 306

Coelfried, Abbot of Jarrow, and later of Wearmouth, sells books to
King Alfred, i, 96

Colet, John, ii, 194

Colines, Simon de, printer of Paris, ii, 21, 26; marries widow of
Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21 _ff._, 26, 30

_Colloquies_, the, of Erasmus, ii, 208 _ff._

Cologne, theological interests of the University of, i, 280; as a
commercial centre, i, 386; the library of, i, 387; the University
of, i, 387; the earlier printers of, i, 387; piratical operations
of the early printers of, i, 390

Colonto, prints the first Hebrew Bible, i, 459

Columba, Saint, chief events of his life, i, 45-50

Comester, Peter, the _Historica Scholastica_ of, i, 104

Commelin, ii, 90

Common-law copyright in manuscripts, ii, 484

Compayré, opinions of, concerning the Benedictine schools, i, 197

Compensation of authors in Italy, i, 334

_Concordat_ between Rome and Venice in 1597, ii, 380 _ff._; between
Leo X. and Francis I., ii, 440

Conrad, Abbot, ii, 168

Constantine, a scribe of Erfurt, i, 40

---- the African, comes from Carthage to Monte Cassino, i, 134;
develops the school of Salerno, i, 182

Constantinople, Acts of the Council of, i, 226; Greek scholars of,
migrate to Italy, i, 255

Contract, dated 1346, for the sale of books in Bruges, i, 290

Convention of 1793 in Paris, ii, 505

Cooper’s _Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ_, ii, 63

Copeland, ii, 126

Copenhagen, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 304 _ff._

Copyists of Genoa, petition the Senate for the expulsion of the
printers, i, 413

Copyright, case of, in 567 A.D., the first in Europe, i, 46

Copyright control of manuscripts, ii, 481 _ff._

Copyright, diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 _ff._

Copyrights in Venice, ii, 369 _ff._

Cordova, described as the Athens of the West, i, 254; literary
activity in, i, 254; manuscript-trade of, i, 254; library of,
destroyed by the Berbers, i, 255; the _Index_ of, ii., 270

Correctors and Revisers employed by Plantin, ii, 277

Corvinus, Matthias, collects books in Florence, i, 240

Coster, _see_ Koster

Council at Basel, pamphlets concerning the work of, prohibited, i, 296

Council of Ten in Venice, ii, 351; establishes a censorship for the
literature of the Humanities, ii, 356

Coverdale Bible, the, ii, 141

Cranach, Lucas, ii, 168, 233; printer, painter, and apothecary, ii,
430

Cranmer, Archbishop, ii, 142

Crasso, Leonardo, ii, 350

Cratander, ii, 173

Crévier, traces the University of Paris to Alcuin, i, 197

Croatian versions of Luther’s writings, ii, 230

Cromwell, Thomas, ii, 142

Cuspinian, ii, 174

Cuthbert, Saint, i, 94

Cyclops, Doctor, ii, 229

Cynewulf, the Northumbrian poet, i, 93

Cynthio, Alvise, ii, 357

D

Damian, S. Peter, recommends to the monks the study of pagan writers,
i, 62

Danes and Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132

Danesius, Petrus, ii, 66

Dante, _The Divine Comedy_ of, i, 318

Darmarius, ii, 88

Daubeney, William, ii, 123

D’Aubigné, the history of, ii, 241

Day, John, ii, 143

Decembrio, author of 127 books, i, 335

_Decor Puellarum_, the first book printed in Venice, i, 407

_Decretals_, the Isidoric, exposed by the critics of the fourteenth
century, i, 83

_Decretals_, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160

Dedications, the sale of, in Germany, ii, 434

De Honate, Brothers, i, 448

Delalain, on the requirements of a skilled scribe, i, 200

Delisle, reference of, to the lending of books by the monasteries, i,
138

Delprat, history of the Brothers of Common Life, cited, i, 88

Denis, on the Council of Basel, i, 285

Denk, _Gesch. des Gallo. Frank. Unterrichts_, etc., cited, i, 32 _ff._

Denmark, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 305

Denys, Saint, the _Chronicles_ of, i, 57

De Rancé, treatise of, on the monastic life, i, 119

Derry, monastery of, i, 45

Descartes, ii, 316 _ff._

Desmarets, the Bible of, ii, 317

Deventer, the Brotherhood House at, a place of book-production, i, 88

De Vic, ii, 94 _ff._

De Wailly, monetary tables of, cited, i, 208

De Worde, Wynken, ii, 138

Diarmid, King of Tara, decides a copyright case, i, 46

_Dictare_, use of term, i, 44

Didier, Abbot of Monte Cassino, i, 62, 134

Didot, Firmin, ii, 329

Diemude, or Diemudis, nun of Wessobrunn, works written by, i, 54;
list of works transcribed by, i, 80, 81

Dietrich, Abbot of St. Evroul, his story of the sinful scribe, i, 64

Dietz, Ludwig, publisher for Luther, ii, 231

Dio, Giovanni di, ii, 353

Ditmar, Bishop of Mersebourg, i, 58

Dolet, Étienne, ii, 46, 449

Dominic, Saint, monks of the Brotherhood of, establish a
printing-office, i, 458

_Donaldson vs. Becket_, ii, 472 _ff._

_Donation_, of Constantine, the, ii, 227

Döring, ii, 233 _ff._

Dorpius, on Froben, ii, 189

Dritzehn, the brothers, associates of Gutenberg, i, 357 _ff._

Drumceitt, Parliament of, i, 48

Drummond on _The Praise of Folly_, ii, 193

Dryden, John, makes agreement for his _Virgil_, ii, 148

Du Chastel, ii, 44, 46, 49

Ducret, scribe for Duke of Burgundy, i, 41

Dunstan, Saint, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 101; institutes
monastery schools, i, 101; orders transcripts to be made in the
vernacular, i, 101

Dürer, Albert, ii, 149 _ff._, 168; _Instruction in Perspective_,
contention concerning the copyright of, ii, 410 _ff._; literary and
art productions of, ii, 409 _ff._

Dutch Republic, establishment of the, ii, 273 _ff._

E

Ebert, on the division of manuscripts, cited, i, 65

Ecclesiastical Censorship, i, 343

Ecclesiastical schools, i, 36

Eckstein, Heinrich, ii, 423

Eddas, collections of, preserved by the Benedictines, i, 61

Edward IV., King, accounts of, for the binding of books, i, 313; ii,
103, 122

---- VI., ii, 67

Egbert of York, i, 107

Eggestein, Heinrich, i, 381 _ff._

Eichstadt, Abbess of, compiles the _Heldenbuch_, i, 52

Ekkhard, Abbot of Aurach, i, 58

Eligius, Saint, the biography of, i, 128

Ellis, George, _Introduction to Early English Poetry_ of, cited, i,
302

Elton, Charles, ii, 306

Eltville, i, 363

Elzevirs, the, of Leyden and Amsterdam, ii, 18, 286 _ff._; House of,
in Amsterdam, ii, 299 _ff._; publications of the, ii, 319 _ff._;
close of the publishing operations of, ii, 329 _ff._; “piracies”
of, ii, 332; relations of, with authors, ii, 332 _ff._; religious
faith of, ii, 338; relations of, to the book trade of Europe, ii,
500 _ff._

Elzevir, Abraham, ii, 292 _ff._

---- Bonaventure, ii, 290 _ff._

---- Daniel, ii, 293 _ff._; the death of, ii, 329; the widow of, ii,
329

---- Isaac, ii, 292 _ff._; 295 _ff._

---- John, ii, 293 _ff._

---- Louis (the first), ii, 280 _ff._; 286 _ff._; the six sons of,
ii, 289 _ff._

---- Louis (the second), ii, 299 _ff._

---- Matthew, ii, 290 _ff._

Elzevir Classics, the, ii, 292 _ff._; ii, 309 _ff._; 331

Emo, Abbot of Wittewierum, i, 70

Emperor, the Holy Roman, claims the control of the printing-press,
ii, 420 _ff._

England, the literary monks of, i, 90; the Abbey schools in, i, 118;
beginnings of literary property in, ii, 464 _ff._

English Crown, relations of the, to literary property, ii, 465 _ff._

Engraving, relation of, to the work of the early printers, ii, 164

_Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, the, i, 223

Erasmus, deprecates the adverse influence of Lutheranism on
literature, i, 224; reference of, to Birckmann, i, 389; relations
of, with Froben, i, 394 _ff._; relations of, with Aldus, i, 423
_ff._; makes his first sojourn in Italy, i, 427; does editorial
work for Aldus, i, 427; publishes the Venetian edition of his
_Adagia_, i, 427; early editions of _The Praise of Folly_, of,
i, 428; complaints of, concerning careless typesetting, i, 428;
friendship of, with Aleander, ii, 12; the _Colloquies_ of, ii,
22, 23; feeling against, in the Sorbonne, ii, 24; criticised by
Lutherans, Calvinists, and Romanists, ii, 25, 39, 41, 176, 179
_ff._; editions of the writings of, ii, 183 _ff._; on the death of
Froben, ii, 189, 210 _ff._; writings of, ii, 192; on Aldus, ii,
198; Spanish editions of the writings of, ii, 210; latest writings
of, ii, 212 _ff._; income of, ii, 214 _ff._, 226; concerning
publishing methods, ii, 429

Erfurt, bookselling in the churches of, i, 283

Erlangen, collection of manuscripts in the University library of, i,
280

Ernest, Elector of Saxony, ii, 233

Ernst, Archbishop, ii, 229

Erpenius, ii, 292, 296

Estaples, d’, ii, 19

Estiennes, the, history of, ii, 15 _ff._

Estienne, House of, ii, 87

---- Antoine, ii, 87

---- Charles, ii, 63 _ff._

---- Florence, ii, 88

Estienne, Francis, ii, 62 _ff._

---- Henry (the elder), begins work as a printer, ii, 18 _ff._

---- Henry (the first), ii, 26

---- Henry (the second), ii, 37, 66 _ff._, 94; rhymed complaint of,
on the difficulties of scholarly work, ii, 78

---- Paul, ii, 87, 95

---- Robert (the first), ii, 25 _ff._; first publications of, ii,
30; motto of, ii, 30; appointed printer in Greek to the King, ii,
33, 42; takes refuge at Court, ii, 34; divides the New Testament
into verses, ii, 48; removes from Paris to Geneva, ii, 50; Geneva
publications of, ii, 53, 54, 55; death of, ii, 55; eulogies on, ii,
56, 254

---- Robert (second), ii, 64 _ff._

Esslingen, early printing in, ii, 439

Eusebius, praises the work of nuns as scribes, i, 53; reference of,
to the chaining of books, i, 141

Evelyn, John, ii, 298

_Exemplatores_, functions of, i, 188

_Exercitationes_ of Casaubon, ii, 98 _ff._

F

Faber, Johann, ii, 245

Fabri, Felix, the _Historia Suevorum_, of, i, 369

Fairs, in England, utilized by the dealers in manuscripts, i, 306; in
Germany, manuscript-trade in the, i, 287

Falstoffe, Sir John, ii, 116, 123

Faques, William, printer to the King, ii, 467

Fathers of the Church, Dutch editions of the writings of, ii, 331

Felice, Fra, of Prato, ii, 355

Fell, Bishop, memoir by, on the state of printing in Oxford, i, 310

Ferdinand, Emperor, ii, 242 _ff._, 249

Ferreol, Saint, the _Rule_ of, i, 63, 123

Fichet, Wilhelm, letter of, concerning the invention of printing, i,
359; ii, 5; the Rhetoric of, ii, 7

Ficino, the writings of, i, 338 _ff._

Field, Richard, ii, 146

Fileas, the, an order of Celtic Bards, i, 48

Filelfo, Francesco, i, 189; recovers in a book-shop a stolen volume,
i, 234; reference of, to Melchior, i, 249; i, 335 _ff._

Finnian, contention of, with Columba, i, 46

Flach, Martin, i, 383

Flamel, Nicholas, _librarius_ and speculator in real estate, i, 275

Flanders, in its relations to the Protestants, ii, 258

Fleury, describes the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97; the Abbey schools of,
i, 118

Florence, the University of, i, 183 _ff._; gives special attention to
belles-lettres, i, 184; the Humanists of, i, 184; takes the lead in
the trade in manuscripts, i, 239; the earlier book-dealers of, i,
246; the literary activities of, i, 318; the literary society of,
i, 327 _ff._; the academies of, i, 344; early printers of, i, 457

_Flugschriften_, the, of the Reformation, ii, 162, 241 _ff._

Foligno, early printers of, i, 456

Fontaine, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Fontainebleau, Royal Library of, ii, 14

Fosbroke, classifies monastic catalogues, i, 142

Foscari, Doge of Venice, ii, 373

Fox, John, _Book of Martyrs_ of, ii, 143

France, the Abbey schools in, i, 118; the manuscript-trade in, i,
255 _ff._; early printers of, ii, 2 _ff._; regulations for the
printing-press in, ii, 437; legislation in, for the encouragement
of literature, ii, 446 _ff._; summary of the privileges in, ii, 491
_ff._; takes the initiative in regard to the Convention of Berne,
ii, 506; summary of copyright legislation in, ii, 508

Francheschi, Pietro, ii, 403

Francis I., relations of the literature and the clergy, ii, 6, 7;
founds Royal Library at Fontainebleau, ii, 14; at issue with the
Doctors of the Sorbonne, ii, 19 _ff._; protects Robert Estienne
against the royal censors, ii, 34; 38, 42, 43, 45, 57, 70, 324;
relations of, with the reformers, ii, 444; edict of, in regard to
privileges, ii, 447 _ff._

Franco, Bishop of Treviso, ii, 372 _ff._

Frankfort, first sale of printed books in the fair of, i, 288;
magistracy of, protects the publishing contracts of Schöffer, i,
377; the book-fair of, ii, 247, 265, 302 _ff._ 365, 416; relations
of the Elzevirs with, ii, 302 _ff._; ordinance of the city of
concerning privileges, ii, 414

---- and the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498

Frankland, the demoralisation of, before the time of Charlemagne, i,
110

Franz, biographer of Cassiodorus, cited, i, 24

Fredegar, The _Chronicle_ of, i, 128

Frederic, Elector of Saxony, i, 432; orders books for Wittenberg, i,
432

Frederick I., Landgrave of Alsace, ii, 423

---- II., The Emperor, i, 183

---- III. of Germany, institutes the office of imperial supervisor of
literature, ii, 419

Free-thinkers and the Church of Rome, i, 333

_Free Will_, treatise on, by Erasmus, ii, 209

Fregeno, secures in Sweden, Roman manuscripts, i, 229

Freising, Otto von, cited, i, 43

French, as a literary language for Europe, ii, 504

Friese, Ulrich, a bookseller at the Nordlingen fair, i, 283

Frilo, father of Gutenberg, i, 357

Froben, Jerome, son of Johann, ii, 213

---- Johann, i, 393; scholarly attainments of, i, 393; relations with
Erasmus, i, 393 _ff._; ii, 39, 102, 178 _ff._, 244 _ff._, 429;
letter of, to Zwingli, ii, 187; the literary friends of, ii, 188
_ff._; gives up the publishing of the writings of Luther, ii, 221;
the death of, ii, 210

Frodoard, i, 56

Froissart, ii, 117

Fromund of Tegernsee, i, 68

Froschauer, Printer for Zwingli, i, 396; ii, 141

Froude, on the patronage system, ii, 197

Frowin, manuscript of, i, 43

Fryth, John, ii, 140

Fugger, The House of, i, 431; bankers and forwarders, i, 431

----, Huldric, ii, 68 _ff._

----, Joannes Jacobus, ii, 69

Furnivall’s _Captain Cox_, ii, 145

Fust, Johann, first relations of, with Gutenberg, i, 360, 372;
lawsuit of, i, 360 _ff._; relations of, with Schöffer, i, 372;
first journey of, to Paris, i, 373; the earliest pirate of printed
books, i, 375; death of, in 1467, i, 375; sells his Bibles in
Paris, ii, 5

Fust and Schöffer, earliest publications of, i, 373

G

Gaddesden, John of, i, 308

Gaillard, ii, 40

Galeotti, J., importer of manuscripts, i, 242

Galileo, ii, 309

Garland, Jean de, compiles a directory of the industries of Paris, i,
256

Gasparino, the _Letters_ of, ii, 7

Gaul, literature in, during fifth century, i, 7

Gaza, Theodore, Greek editor for the Aldine Press, i, 420, ii, 23

Geneva, ii, 38, 50; University of, ii, 51; literary interests of, ii,
51; censorship regulations of, ii, 51; pirates of, ii, 51; great
siege of, ii, 88; theology of, ii, 91; literature of, ii, 91 _ff._;
publishing activities of, ii, 93

Gengenbach, dramatist and printer, i, 395

Genoa, contests in, between the copyists and the printers, i, 413;
early printers of, i, 458; the scribes of, protest against the
introduction of printing, i, 459

Gensfleisch, the family of (Gutenberg), i, 356 _ff._

Geoffrey of St. Barbe, letter of, i, 133

George, Duke of Saxony, puts the Protestant printers of Leipzig under
restrictions, i, 401; ii, 232, 250

George, Elector of Saxony, ii, 424

Gerbert, Abbot of Bobbio, cited, i, 38; orders books from a distance,
i, 139, 140; collects books for his libraries, i, 231; ii, 480

Gering, printer of Paris, ii, 5

German, book-trade, organization of the, ii, 497; universities in the
15th century, standard of scholarship in, i, 277

Germany, the monastic schools in, i, 118; manuscript dealers in, i,
276 _ff._; privileges and regulations in, ii, 407 _ff._; summary
of privileges in, ii, 493 _ff._; in its relations to literary
property, ii, 505

Gerson, Johann, Chancellor of University of Paris, i, 54; describes
the literary wealth of Paris, i, 261; ii, 150

Gertrude, Abbess of Nivelle, a buyer of books, i, 51, 53

Gerwold, Abbot of S. Wandrille, i, 67

Gesner, ii, 56, 432

_Gesta Romanorum_, said to have originated in England, i, 304;
edition of the, printed by A. Koberger, ii, 161

Ghent, the Pacification of, ii, 273

Ghisebrecht, ii, 277

Gibbon criticises Caxton, ii, 127, 128

Giesebrecht, treatise of _De litterarum Studiis_, i, 226

Gildas, _Chronicles_ of, i, 55

Giovanni, Saint, the library of, in Naples, i, 146

Giraud, C., cited, i, 55

Gita, a scribe of Schwarzenthau, i, 54

Giunta, the family of, i, 248

----, Phillippo, i, 238

Glaber, Raoul, i, 56

Glanville, i, 308

Glastonbury, Chapel of, i, 106

Godo, purchases books in Rome, i, 227

_Golden Legend, The_, ii, 118

Gosselin, ii, 95

Goths, rule of, in Italy, i, 9

Gourmont, Giles, printer of Paris, ii, 10 _ff._; publications of, ii,
23

Gower, John, ii, 117, 126

Graevius, on the death of Louis Elzevir (the second), ii, 318

Grafton, printer, ii, 141

Greek, the knowledge of, in the tenth century, i, 127; books,
printing of, limited to a few publishers, i, 244; immigrants, as
instructors in Italy, i, 236; fonts of the _Imprimerie Royale_, ii,
58 _ff._; lecturers in University of Paris, ii, 23; literature,
brought to Europe through Arabian writers, i, 181; literature,
introduction of, into Italy, i, 236; literature, in Paris, ii, 10
_ff._; manuscripts brought from Constantinople to Italy, i, 235

Greek Press in Paris, history of the, ii, 10 _ff._

Greek scholars, relations of, with Venice and with Florence, i,
237; secure compensation in Italy for editorial work, i, 411; as
assistants to publishers, i, 416; in Paris, ii, 23

Greek texts, brought to Venice from the East, i, 411 _ff._; in the
University of Paris, ii, 22

Gregoriis, Gregorius de, ii, 354

Gregoropoulos, Greek proof-reader for Aldus, i, 421

Gregory I., Pope, writings of, i, 34, 35; charges against, i, 34;
opinion of, concerning the Scriptures and grammar, i, 121; as an
author, ii, 478

---- VII., utilises the work of monastic scribes, i, 81-82

---- XIII., ii, 262

---- of Tours, i, 56

Grein, _Anglo-Saxon Library_, by, i, 92

Grimani, the breviary of, i, 294

Grimlaïcus, the _Rule_ of, i, 123

Grimm, Siegmund, publisher for Hutten, ii, 229

Grolier de Servier, ii, 43

Groote, Gerhard, founds in Deventer a Brotherhood House, i, 88

Grotius, ii, 65, 304; the _Mare Liberum_ of, ii, 308

Grunenberg, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 222

Grüninger, Hans, of Strasburg, ii, 151, 165

Gruthuyse, of Bruges, a collector of manuscripts, i, 289; ii, 105

Guignes, de, ii, 60

Guild, of printers and publishers, in Milan, i, 450 _ff._; of S.
John in Bruges, ii, 106; of publishers and printers in Paris,
regulations of, ii, 453 _ff._; of printers and book-sellers in
Venice, ii, 364 _ff._; of the Venetian book-trade, organisation of,
ii, 395 _ff._; of the Venetian book-trade, close of the history of,
ii, 398; Hall, for the Venetian book-trade, ii, 395

Guiscard, Robert, i, 182

Guldemund, Hans, ii, 410

Gutenberg, i, 9, 349 _ff._; earlier operations of, i, 358; first
partnerships of, i, 358; lawsuits of, i, 358 _ff._; conditions of
the business of, i, 364; financial difficulties of, i, 364 _ff._;
fonts of type manufactured by, i, 365; early testimony concerning
the invention of, i, 380; ii, 17, 178

H

Hagen, quotes a rhyming record from a Hagenau manuscript, i, 285

Hagenau, early manuscript-trade of, i, 284; printing introduced into,
i, 284; relations of, with Heidelberg, i, 284 _ff._

Hahn, printer of Ingolstadt and of Rome, i, 406

Hallam, on Saumaise, ii, 315

Hamburg, manuscript-dealers of, i, 283; caution of the Senate of,
concerning dedications, ii, 434

Hans, the brothers, ii, 425

Hardy, Thomas Duffus, on the literary work of the British
monasteries, i, 102

Harlinde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53

Harper, the House of, ii, 335

Harsy, Antoine de, ii, 94

Hatzlern, Clara, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41

Hauslik, history of the University of Prague, i, 278

Hedwig, Duchess of Suabia, teaches Greek to Abbot Burckhart, i, 126

Hegel, _Philosophy of History_ of, quoted, i, 367

Heidelberg, the library of, i, 85; books bought for the library of,
i, 232; book-trade in the University of, i, 279

Heilsbrunn, manuscripts from the monastery of, i, 280

Heinsius, Nicholas, ii, 298, 310, 313 _ff._, 317

Helgaud, i, 56

Hellenic Brothers, the, of St. Gall, i, 126

Henry II. of France, ii, 48, 56, 70; letters-patent of, i, 203

---- III., ii, 82 _ff._

---- IV., ii, 95 _ff._

---- VI. of England, death of, ii, 129; interest of, in printing in
England, ii, 135

---- VII., ii, 123

---- VIII., ii, 45, 141

Heresbach, ii, 41

Heresy, the Venetian Commissioners of, ii, 404

Herluca, corresponds with Diemude, i, 54

Hermonymus, a designer of type in Paris, ii, 10, 23

Herneis, publisher of Paris in the thirteenth century, i, 271

Herodotus, History of, ii, 73

Herrad of Landsberg, writings of, i, 52

Herrgott, Johann, ii, 249

Heynlin, ii, 5, 111

Higden, Ralph, the _Polychronicon_ of, i, 56, 307

Hilary, works of, edited by Erasmus, ii, 209

Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, i, 93

Hildesheim, the Brothers of, producers of books, i, 90

Hiltebrand, Johann, ii, 231

Hippocrates and Galen, described as the “Aristotles of Medicine,” i,
195; writings of, used as text-books, i, 195

Hochstraten, ii, 202

Hodgkin, Thomas, _Italy and her Invaders_, cited, i, 3 _ff._;
summarises the services of Cassiodorus, i, 23, 24

Hoeck, Adolph von, Prior of Scheda, i, 86

Holbein, Hans, ii, 10, 180, 181, 200

Holland, the increasing trade of, ii, 290 _ff._; book-trade of,
during the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498

Hollybushe, John, ii, 142

Honoratus, Saint, founds Monastery of Lerin, i, 32

Honorius, opinion of, concerning the philosophers, i, 129

Hopyll, Wolffgang, printer of Paris, ii, 18

Horn, Conrad, _stadtschreiber_, sells books by contract, i, 288

Hroswitha, daughter of Duke of Saxony, i, 52

---- of Gandersheim, i, 37, 52; the _Chronicon Urspergense_ of, i,
87, 360; the dramas of, ii, 414, 420

Hubmayer, Balthasar, ii, 243

Hugh, Abbot of Flavigny, i, 57

Hugo of Trimberg, schoolmaster and book collector, i, 287

----, Cardinal, ii, 157

---- Bible, the, ii, 154, 157 _ff._, 167

Humanistic Movement, influence of the, on the production of printed
literature, i, 370 _ff._; the leaders of the, ii, 226

Humanists, the influence of the, in the German universities, i, 223;
ii, 172

Humery, Doctor Conrad, of Mayence, i, 292; co-operates with
Gutenberg, i, 361 _ff._

Hummelsburger, letter of, concerning Aldine editions, i, 436

Hungarians, destroy monasteries in the tenth century, i, 132

Hunt, Thomas, ii, 137

Huntington, Henry of, _Chronicles_, i, 56, 307

Huszner, George, i, 383

Hutten, Ulrich von, ii, 176, 182, 227, 239

---- and Luther, ii, 251

I

Ibo, Bishop of Chartres, treatise of, _De Rebus Ecclesiasticis_, i,
117

Idung, the _Dialogues_ of, i, 54

Illuminators, of manuscripts, i, 241

Illustrated publications, early editions of, issued in Nuremberg, i,
398

Imperial cities, special privileges of, concerning book production,
ii, 422 _ff._

Imperial Commission for the regulation of literature, ii, 421

Ina, King, i, 106

_Index Expurgatorius_ of Louvain, ii, 44

_Index_, the, of 1564, ii, 243

_Index_, the, and the book-trade, ii, 372 _ff._

_Index_, the, issued by the Council of Trent, ii, 375 _ff._

_Indexes_, the, of 1546, 1550, 1551, 1554, 1559, ii, 268 _ff._, 275

Ingolstadt, regulations of the University of, concerning text-books,
i, 281

Ingulphus, _Chronicles_ of, i, 56; record of, concerning the Abbey of
Peterborough, i, 132

Innocent IV., Pope, i, 183

Inquisition, the, and censorship, ii, 267; relations of, with the
printing-press, ii, 371

Iona, the monastery of, founded, i, 47, 90

Irnerius, jurist of Bologna, i, 183

Isidore, Bishop of Seville, writings of, i, 35; treatise of, on
elocution, i, 117

Italian literature, influence of, on Elizabethan authors, ii, 144

Italy, the monastic schools in, i, 118; monasteries in, destroyed
by the Saracens, i, 132; the printer-publishers of, i, 403 _ff._;
privileges and censorship in, ii, 343 _ff._; enactments concerning
literary property in, ii, 406

J

Jacob of Breslau, volumes written by, i, 86

Jacob, Saint, monastery of, in Liége, i, 114

James I., ii, 96 _ff._

Jehan, Jacques, grocer and book-seller, i, 274

Jenson, Nicholas, first printer in Venice, i, 407; operations of,
in Paris and in Mayence, i, 408; settles in Venice, i, 409; sells
printing plant to Torresano, i, 411; sent to Mayence by Charles
VII., ii, 2; 344

Jerome, Saint, writings of, i, 3, 23, 32; ii, 189; befriends S. Paula
and her daughter, i, 51; injunction of, concerning reading, i, 124;
complains of the untrustworthiness of the work of scribes, i, 229

Jews, forbidden to buy or sell manuscripts in the Italian
universities, i, 194; lend moneys to monasteries on pledges of
books, i, 231

Jewell, John, ii, 53

John, Bishop of Aleria, cites prices of early printed books, i, 375

----, King of France, buys stationery in England, i, 312

---- of Speyer, printer of Venice, i, 407 _ff._; secures a monopoly
for printing in Venice, i, 408

Jordæus, treatise on the Goths, i, 19

Junius, Hadrian, historian of Koster, i, 352

Jusserand, J. J., on the early literature of the Anglo-Saxons, i, 91;
_English Wayfaring Life_, by, cited, i, 302 _ff._

K

Kalle, Samuel, ii, 425

Kapp, on the selling of dedications, ii, 433

Karoch, instructor in Erfurt, i, 220

Kefer, Heinrich, ii, 150

Kennett, White, ii, 63

Kessler, Nicholas, of Basel, relations of, with Koberger, ii, 409

Kirchhoff, on the selling of dedications, ii, 434

Knight, Charles, _The Old Printer_ of, cited, i, 302 _ff._

Knittel, concerning the work of the _scriptorium_, cited, i, 65

Kobergers, the, of Nuremberg, ii, 149 _ff._; business of, interfered
with by the Reformation, ii, 163

Koberger, Anthoni, i, 384; the publications of, i, 397 _ff._; ii,
76, 149 _ff._; principal publications of, ii, 152, 154; commended
by Badius, Wimpfeling, Leontorius, and the Emperor Maximilian, ii,
155, 156; friendship of, with Amerbach, ii, 156; relations of, with
Celtes, Dürer, and Pirckheimer, ii, 156; editions of the Bible
printed by, ii, 157, 158; conservatism of, ii, 204; relations of,
to the system of privileges in Germany, ii, 409

----, Johannes, ii, 159

----, Melchior, relations of, with Luther, ii, 159

Koelhoff, Johann, printer of Cologne, i, 388

Koepke, _Otton. Studien_, cited, i, 36 _ff._

König, Conrad, agent for Luther’s books, ii, 231

Köpflin, ii, 245

Köster, Laurens, of Harlem, i, 349 _ff._; the statue of, ii, 298

Krantz, printer of Paris, ii, 5, 111

Kyrfoth, Carolus, ii, 137

L

LaCasa, Papal Nuncio, ii, 373

Lachner, ii, 179, 232

Landino, the writings of, i, 340

Lanfranc, i, 197

Langendorf of Basel prints piracy editions of Luther’s writings, i,
395

Large, Robert, ii, 102

Laskaris, Greek grammarian, i, 365; ii, 23

Latin, the language of literature for Europe, i, 318; ii, 503

LaTrappe, the Order of, i, 120

Lauber, Diebold, scribe and manuscript dealer in Hagenau, i, 284
_ff._; noteworthy manuscripts of, i, 289; rhyming advertisements
of, i, 289

Laurentium, the monastery of, in Liége, i, 87

Laurie, summarises the Christian conception of education, i, 120

Lavagna, printer of Milan, i, 408, 447

Law, Roman and canonical, the study of, in Bologna, i, 190

---- text-books required in Bologna and Montpellier, i, 194

Lay-clerics, functions of, i, 38

League, influence of the wars of the, on the supervision of the
Press, ii, 450

_Lectores_, the work of, i, 116

Leew, Gerard, ii, 134

LeFevre, (d’Estaples), ii, 19

LeGrand, Jaques, ii, 119

Leipzig, the earlier printers of, i, 399; ii, 29, 202; as a centre
for the distribution of printed books, i, 401; the book fair of,
ii, 303, 426; as a centre of book production, ii, 422 _ff._;
the literary commission of, ii, 423; caution of magistracy of,
concerning dedications, ii, 434

Leland, catalogue prepared by, of the abbatial libraries of England,
i, 102

Leo, Bishop of Ostia, i, 57

Leo X., Pope, sends emissaries to collect manuscripts, i, 301; the
literary interests of, i, 322; relations of, with the earlier
printers, i, 368; excommunicates Luther, ii, 225; Bull of, in
regard to the licencing of books, ii, 439

LeRoys, printer of Lyons, ii, 10

Lerin, monastery of, founded by Honoratus, i, 32

Leukardis, a scribe of Mallesdorf, i, 54