Chapter V: F. López (3)

Siendo estos sentimientos de justicia, de lealtad y de honor, los que animan al pueblo argentino, y han inspirado en todo tiempo su política, V. E. comprenderá que se haya sentido alarmado al saber que la falta de pago de los servicios de la deuda pública de Venezuela se indica como una de las causas determinantes del apresamiento de su flota, del bombardeo de uno de sus puertos y del bloqueo de guerra rigurosamente establecido para sus costas. Si estos procedimientos fueran definitivamente adoptados, establecerían un precedente peligroso para la seguridad y la paz de las naciones de esta parte de América.

El cobro militar de los empréstitos supone ocupación territorial para hacerlo efectivo, y la ocupación territorial significa la supresión o subordinación de los gobiernos locales en los países a que se extiende.

Tal situación aparece contrariando visiblemente[644] los principios muchas veces proclamados por las naciones de América y muy particularmente la doctrina Monroe, con tanto celo sostenida y defendida en todo tiempo por los Estados Unidos, doctrina a que la República Argentina ha adherido antes de ahora.[645]

Dentro de los principios que enuncia el memorable[646] mensaje de 2 de diciembre de 1823, se contienen dos grandes declaraciones que particularmente se refieren a estas repúblicas, a saber: "Los continentes americanos no podrán en adelante servir de campo para la colonización futura de las naciones europeas, y reconocida como lo ha sido la independencia de los gobiernos de América, no podrá mirarse la interposición de parte de ningún poder europeo, con el propósito de oprimirlos o controlarlos de cualquier manera, sino como la manifestación de sentimientos poco amigables para los Estados Unidos."

La abstención de nuevos dominios coloniales en los territorios de este continente, ha sido muchas veces aceptado por los hombres políticos de Inglaterra. A su simpatía puede decirse que se debió el gran éxito que la doctrina de Monroe alcanzó apenas promulgada. Pero en los últimos tiempos se ha observado una tendencia marcada en los publicistas y en las manifestaciones diversas de la opinión europea, que señalan estos países como campo adecuado para las futuras expansiones territoriales. Pensadores de la más alta jerarquía han indicado la conveniencia de orientar en esta dirección los grandes esfuerzos que las principales potencias de Europa han aplicado a la conquista de regiones estériles, con un clima inclemente, en las más apartadas latitudes del mundo. Son muchos ya los escritores europeos que designan los territorios de Sud América con sus grandes riquezas, con su cielo feliz y su clima propicio para todas las producciones, como el teatro obligado donde las grandes potencias, que tienen ya preparadas las armas y los instrumentos de la conquista, han de disputarse el predominio en el curso de este siglo.

La tendencia humana expansiva, caldeada así por las sugestiones de la opinión y de la prensa, puede, en cualquier momento, tomar una dirección agresiva, aun contra la voluntad de las actuales clases gobernantes. Y no se negará que el camino más sencillo para las apropiaciones y la fácil suplantación de las autoridades locales por los gobiernos europeos, es precisamente el de las intervenciones financieras, como con muchos ejemplos pudiera demostrarse. No pretendemos de ninguna manera que las naciones sudamericanas queden, por ningún concepto, exentas de las responsabilidades de todo orden que las violaciones del derecho internacional comportan para los pueblos civilizados. No pretendemos, ni podemos pretender que estos países ocupen una situación excepcional en sus relaciones con las potencias europeas, que tienen el derecho indudable de proteger a sus súbditos tan ampliamente como en cualquier otra parte del globo, contra las persecuciones o las injusticias de que pudieran ser víctimas. Lo único que la República Argentina sostiene y lo que vería con gran satisfacción consagrado con motivo de los sucesos de Venezuela, por una nación que, como los Estados Unidos, goza de tan grande autoridad y poderío, es el principio ya aceptado de que no puede haber expansión territorial europea en América, ni opresión de los pueblos de este continente, porque una desgraciada condición financiera pudiese llevar a alguno de ellos a diferir el cumplimiento de sus compromisos. En una palabra, el principio que quisiera ver reconocido, es el de que la deuda pública no puede dar lugar a la intervención armada, ni menos a la ocupación material del suelo de las naciones americanas por una potencia europea.

El prestigio y el descrédito de los Estados que dejan de satisfacer los derechos de sus legítimos acreedores, trae consigo dificultades de tal magnitud que no hay necesidad de que la intervención extranjera agrave con la opresión las calamidades transitorias de la insolvencia.

La República Argentina podría citar su propio ejemplo, para demostrar lo innecesario de las intervenciones armadas en estos casos.

El servicio de la deuda inglesa de 1824 fué reasumido espontáneamente por ella, después de una interrupción de treinta años, ocasionada por la anarquía y las convulsiones que conmovieron[647] profundamente el país en ese período de tiempo, y se pagaron escrupulosamente todos los atrasos y todos los intereses, sin que los acreedores hicieran gestión alguna para ello.

Más tarde una serie de acontecimientos y contrastes[648] financieros, completamente fuera de todo control de sus hombres gobernantes, la pusieron, por un momento, en situación de suspender de nuevo temporalmente el servicio de la deuda externa. Tuvo, empero, el propósito firme y. decidido de reasumir los pagos inmediatamente que las circunstancias se lo permitieran y así lo hizo, en efecto, algún tiempo después, a costa de grandes sacrificios, por su propia y espontánea voluntad y sin intervención ni conminaciones de ninguna potencia extranjera. Y ha sido por sus procedimientos perfectamente escrupulosos, regulares y honestos, por su alto sentimiento de equidad y de justicia plenamente evidenciado, que las dificultades sufridas en vez de disminuir han acrecentado su crédito en los mercados europeos. Puede afirmarse con entera certidumbre que tan halagador resultado no se habría obtenido, si los acreedores hubieran creído conveniente intervenir de un modo violento en el período de crisis de las finanzas, que así se ha repuesto por su sola virtud.

No tememos ni podemos temer que se repitan circunstancias semejantes.

En el momento presente no nos mueve, pues, ningún sentimiento egoísta ni buscamos el propio provecho al manifestar nuestro deseo de que la deuda de los Estados no sirva de motivo para una agresión militar de estos países.

No abrigamos, tampoco, respecto de las naciones europeas ningún sentimiento de hostilidad. Antes por el contrario, mantenemos con todas ellas las más cordiales relaciones desde nuestra emancipación, muy particularmente con Inglaterra, a la cual hemos dado recientemente la mayor prueba de la confianza que nos inspiran su justicia y su ecuanimidad, entregando a su fallo la más importante[649] de nuestras cuestiones internacionales que ella acaba de resolver fijando nuestros límites con Chile después de una controversia de más de sesenta años.

Sabemos que donde la Inglaterra va, la acompaña la civilización y se extienden los beneficios de la libertad política y civil. Por eso la estimamos, lo que no quiere decir que adhiriéramos con igual simpatía a su política en el caso improbable de que ella tendiera a oprimir las nacionalidades de este continente, que luchan por su progreso, que ya han vencido las dificultades mayores y triunfarán en definitiva para honor de las instituciones democráticas.

Largo es, quizás, el camino que todavía deberán recorrer las naciones sudamericanas. Pero tienen fe bastante y la suficiente energía y virtud para llegar a su desenvolvimiento pleno, apoyándose las unas en las otras.

Y es por ese sentimiento de confraternidad continental y por la fuerza que siempre deriva del apoyo moral de todo un pueblo, que me dirijo al señor ministro, cumpliendo instrucciones del[650] excelentísimo señor presidente de la República, para que transmita al gobierno de los Estados[651] Unidos nuestra manera de considerar los sucesos en cuyo desenvolvimiento ulterior va a tomar una parte tan importante, a fin de que se sirva tenerla[652] como la expresión sincera de los sentimientos de una nación que tiene fe en su destino y la tiene en los de todo este continente, a cuya cabeza marchan los Estados Unidos, actualizando ideales y suministrando ejemplos.

Quiera el señor ministro aceptar[653] las seguridades de mi consideración distinguida.

LUIS M. DRAGO

ABBREVIATIONS

_a. and s._ adjective and substantive
_abbr._ abbreviation
_adj._ adjective
_adv._ adverb
_Arg._ Argentinism
_cf._ _confer_, compare
_collect._ collective
_comp._ comparative
_dim._ diminutive
_f._ or _fem._ feminine
_i.e._ _id est_, that is
_impers._ impersonal
_infin._ infinitive
_m._ masculine
_p._ page
_p. p._ past participle
_pl._ plural
_prep._ preposition, prepositional
_V._ _vide_, see

NOTE.--Gender indications are omitted as follows:

_m._ omitted: names of males
masculine nouns in =-o=
agent nouns in =-or=, =-nte=

_f._ omitted: names of females
feminine nouns in =-a=, =-ión=, =-dad=, =-tud=, =-ez=

VOCABULARY

A

=a=, to, in, at

=abajo=, below

=abandonar=, to abandon, forsake

=abandono=, abandon, abandonment, playfulness

=abarcar=, to embrace, include

=abatir=, to flatten, overwhelm, deject

=abdicación=, abdication

=abdicar=, to abdicate, give up

=abeja=, bee

=abertura=, opening

=abierto=, =-a=, open

=abismo=, abyss

=abnegación=, self-denial

=abocar=, to aim a gun, enter mouth of a channel

=abonar=, to pay in advance, to subscribe

=abordaje=, _m._, a boarding attack

=abrasador=, =-ora=, burning, hot

=abrasar=, to burn, parch, inflame

=abrazar=, to embrace

=ábrego=, southwest wind

=abrigar=, to shelter, protect, entertain

=abrigo=, shelter, protection

=abrir=, to open

=abrogar=, to repeal, annul

=abrumador=, =-ora=, crushing, overwhelming

=abrupto=, =-a=, abrupt

=absoluto=, =-a=, absolute, total, alone

=absolver=, to absolve;
_p. p._ =absuelto=

=absorción=, absorption

=absortivo=, =-a=, absorptive, absorbing

=absorvente=, absorbing

=absorver=, to absorb

=abstención=, abstention

=absurdo=, =-a=, absurd

=abuelo=, grandfather

=abultado=, =-a=, thick, bulging, large

=abundancia=, abundance

=abundante=, abundant, plentiful

=abundantemente=, sufficiently

=aburrido=, =-a=, bored, weary

=abusar=, to abuse, misuse

=abuso=, abuse

=acabador=, =-ora=, destructive

=acabar=, to end;
=---- de=, to have just

=academia=, academy

=acallar=, to hush; to mitigate

=acantonar=, to quarter

=acariciar=, to caress, stroke, fondle

=acarrear=, to carry; to cause

=acaso=, perhaps

=acaso=, event, chance

=acaudillar=, to head, espouse

=accesorio=, =-a=, _a. and s._, additional; accessory

=accidentado=, =-a=, rough

=accidental=, accidental

=accidente=, _m._, accident, characteristic

=acción=, action, effect; share

=aceite=, _m._, oil, incense

=acendrado=, =-a=, purified, refined

=acento=, accent

=aceptar=, to accept

=acequia=, canal, drain

=acera=, sidewalk, path

=acerado=, =-a=, steel-like

=acerbo=, =-a=, sharp, keen

=acercarse=, to draw near

=acero=, steel

=acertar=, to succeed, hit the mark

=aciago=, =-a=, sad, disastrous

=acibarar=, to embitter

=acierto=, ability to do the right thing; chance, aim

=aclamación=, acclamation

=aclamar=, to acclaim

=aclimatación=, acclimatization, adaptation

=aclimatarse=, to acclimate, adapt

=acoger=, to receive, welcome

=acometer=, to attack

=acompañante=, companion, escort

=acompañar=, to accompany

=aconsejar=, to advise

=acontecimiento=, event

=acordarse=, to remember

=acorde=, _m._, harmony, chord

=acortar=, to shorten, cut down

=acosar=, to harass

=acostumbrar=, to accustom

=acrecentar=, to increase

=acreedor=, =-ora=, _a. and s._, creditor;
=---- a=, entitled to

=acribillar=, to riddle, pierce

=acta=, act, record of proceedings, minutes

=actitud=, attitude

=actividad=, activity, liveliness

=activo=, =-a=, active

=acto=, act, action;
=en el ----=, at once

=actual=, present, modern

=actualizar=, to make actual, carry out

=actualmente=, at present

=actuar=, to act, have dealings; to live

=acuático=, =-a=, watery, aquatic

=acuchillar=, to knife, saber

=acudir=, to flock, hasten; to have recourse (to)

=acuerdo=, accordance, agreement;
=de ----=, in accordance with

=acuoso=, =-a=, watery

=acusación=, accusation

=acusar=, to accuse, point out

=achatado=, =-a=, flattened out

=Adán=, Adam

=adaptación=, adaptation, adaptability

=adaptar=, to adapt

=adecuado=, =-a=, adequate, fit

=adelantado=, =-a=, advanced;
=por ----=, in advance

=adelantarse=, to advance, get ahead

=adelante=, ahead, forward;
=en ----=, from now on

=ademán=, _m._, gesture, manner, attitude

=además=, moreover

=adentro=, within;
=tierra ----=, inland

=adeudar=, to owe;
=----se=, to indebt oneself

=adherir=, to adhere

=adhesión=, allegiance, adhesion

=adicto=, =-a=, _a. and s._, addicted; follower

=adiós=, _m._, farewell

=adivinar=, to guess

=adminículo=, need, necessity

=administrar=, to administer

=admirable=, admirable, surprising

=admirablemente=, admirably

=admiración=, admiration

=admirado=, =-a=, surprised

=admirador=, admirer

=admirar=, to admire;
=----se de=, to marvel at; to cause wonder, surprise

=admitir=, to admit

=admonición=, admonition, reprimand

=adobe=, _m._, mud, adobe

=adoctrinado=, =-a=, instructed

=adonde=, whither

=adoptar=, to adopt

=adorador=, adorer, worshiper

=adormecer=, to put to sleep

=adormecido=, =-a=, asleep

=adorno=, ornament

=adquirir=, to acquire

=aduar=, _m._, Bedouin hamlet

=adulador=, adulator, flatterer

=adusto=, =-a=, gloomy, austere

=advenimiento=, coming, advent

=adversario=, adversary

=adversidad=, adversity

=adverso=, =-a=, adverse, unfortunate;
=lo ----=, misfortune

=advertencia=, notice, warning, advice

=advertir=, to notice, warn

=afamado=, =-a=, famous

=afán=, _m._, anxiety, effort, eagerness

=afección=, affection

=afectar=, to affect

=afectuoso=, =-a=, affectionate, kindly

=aferrar=, to grasp, seize;
=----se a=, to cling to

=afición=, affection

=aficionado=, =-a=, _a. and s._, fond; amateur

=afilar=, to sharpen

=afinidad=, affinity, analogy

=afirmar=, to secure, make firm;
=---- el pie=, to make one's footing sure

=afligir=, to afflict

=afluente=, _m._, tributary

=afortunadamente=, fortunately

=afrontar=, to face

=afuera=, outside

=agacharse=, to bend down

=agarrar=, to seize, clutch;
_Arg._, to catch

=agasajar=, to receive kindly, regale

=agente=, _m._, agent

=ágil=, agile, light, fast

=agilidad=, agility, dexterity

=agitarse=, to be agitated, stirred

=aglomerar=, to heap up, assemble

=agobiar=, to oppress, weigh down

=agolparse=, to crowd

=agonía=, agony

=agónico=, =-a=, agonizing

=agostar=, to wither, wilt

=agosto=, August

=agotar=, to exhaust, drain

=agradecer=, to be thankful for

=agradecido=, =-a=, grateful

=agravar=, to aggravate

=agravio=, offense, insult

=agregar=, to add

=agresión=, aggression

=agresivo=, =-a=, aggressive

=agreste=, rustic, wild

=agrícola=, agricultural

=agricultura=, agriculture

=agrimensor=, surveyor

=agrio=, =-a=, sour, bitter

=agrupado=, =-a=, grouped, gathered together

=agrupar=, to group;
=----se=, to gather, come together

=agua=, water

=aguada=, _Arg._, watering place

=aguar=, to dilute;
=----se=, to be diluted, disappear

=aguardar=, to await, expect

=agudísimo=, =-a=, very sharp, acute

=águila=, eagle

=aherrojar=, to oppress, put in irons

=ahí=, there;
=he ----=, there you have it, behold

=ahogar=, to stifle;
=----se=, to be stifled; to drown

=ahora=, now;
=---- setenta años=, seventy years ago

=ahorcar=, to hang

=ahorro=, saving

=aire=, air; appearance;
=al ---- libre=, in the open air

=airoso=, =-a=, elegant, proud

=aislado=, =-a=, isolated, alone

=aislamiento=, isolation

=ajeno=, =-a=, alien, strange, abhorrent; belonging to another

=ajusticiar=, to put to death

=ala=, wing

=alabanza=, praise

=alameda=, row of trees

=alarde=, _m._, display;
=hacer ----=, to boast

=alarido=, mournful cry

=alarma=, alarm

=alarmar=, to alarm

=alazán=, _m._, sorrel horse

=alba=, dawn

=albañilería=, masonry

=albergar=, to shelter, contain, house

=albergue=, _m._, dwelling place

=albo=, =-a=, white

=alborada=, dawn

=alborotar=, to arouse, excite

=álbum=, _m._, album

=alcance=, _m._, reach, breadth; meaning;
=dar ----=, to overtake

=alcancía=, chest, money chest

=alcanzar=, to reach, obtain, attain

=alcurnia=, standing, family, race

=aldea=, village

=alegrar=, to gladden

=alegre=, cheerful, gay

=alegría=, joy, happiness

=alejandrino=, a twelve-syllable verse

=alejandrino=, =-a=, alexandrine

=alejar=, to set at a distance, put off;
=----se=, to withdraw

=Alemania=, Germany

=alentar=, to encourage, cheer

=alerta=, watchword

=aleteo=, winging, flight

=alfombrar=, to cover with carpets

=algarroba=, carob bean

=algarrobo=, carob tree

=algo=, something

=algo=, somewhat

=algodón=, _m._, cotton

=alguien=, some one

=alguno=, =-a=, some

=aliado=, ally

=alianza=, alliance

=aliento=, breath, courage, spirit

=alimentación=, nourishment

=alimentador=, =-ora=, _a. and s._, feeding, nourishing; feeder, supplier

=alimentar,= to nourish

=alimento,= nourishment

=alineado=, =-a=, lined up, in line

=alistar=, to enlist

=alma=, soul, character, spirit

=almacén=, _m._, warehouse, store, shop

=almacenero=, shop-keeper

=almendra=, almond

=almendro=, almond tree

=almorzar=, to breakfast, lunch

=alpargata=, hemp slipper

=alquimista=, alchemist

=alrededor=, around, about

=alrededores=, _m. pl._, environs

=altivez=, pride, arrogance

=altivo=, =-a=, proud, haughty, lofty

=alto=, halt

=alto=, upper floor

=alto=, =-a=, high, deep

=altura=, height, summit, level

=alumbrar=, to light, enlighten

=aluvión=, _m._, alluvion, inundation, alluvial deposit

=alvéolo=, alveolus, cell

=alzar=, to raise;
=----se=, to rise, stand

=allá=, there;
=más ----=, beyond

=allí=, there

=amabilidad=, amiability

=amabilísimo=, =-a=, most amiable

=amainar=, to haul down, relax, appease

=amalgamar=, to amalgamate, fuse

=amanecer=, to dawn

=amante=, _a. and s._, loving; lover

=amar=, to love

=amargamente=, bitterly

=amargo=, =-a=, bitter, painful

=amargura=, bitterness

=amarillo=, =-a=, yellow

=amasar=, to amass

=ambición=, ambition

=ambicioso=, =-a=, ambitious, scheming

=ambiente=, _m._, air, environment, atmosphere

=ambiguo=, =-a=, ambiguous

=ambos=, =-as=, both

=ambulante=, ambulant, roving

=amenazante=, threatening, dangerous

=amenazar=, to threaten

=americano=, =-a=, American, _i.e._ pertaining to either or both Americas

=amigable=, friendly

=amigo=, friend

=amilanar=, to frighten

=amistad=, friendship

=amo=, master

=amontonamiento=, accumulation

=amontonar=, to heap up

=amor=, love;
=---- propio=, self-love, self-respect

=amoroso=, =-a=, loving

=amortiguar=, to deaden, soften, extinguish, put out

=amparar=, to shelter

=amparo=, shelter

=ampliamente=, amply

=amplio=, =-a=, ample, full

=ampuloso=, =-a=, inflated, pompous

=amueblado=, furnishings, furniture

=análogo=, =-a=, analogous, similar

=anarquía=, anarchy

=anatomía=, anatomy

=anca=, croup, haunch

=ancestral=, ancestral

=ancianidad=, old age

=anciano=, =-a=, old, ancient

=ancla=, anchor

=ancho=, =-a=, wide, broad, extensive

=ancho=, width;
=de medio ----=, of half width

=anchuroso=, =-a=, broad, wide

=Andalucía=, Andalusia, region in the south of Spain, watered by the Guadalquivir

=andar=, to go

=andar=, _m._, gait

=andrajoso=, =-a=, ragged

=anécdota=, anecdote

=anfiteatro=, amphitheater

=ángel=, angel

=angélico=, =-a=, angelical

=anglo-sajón=, =-ona=, Anglo-Saxon

=angosto=, =-a=, narrow

=ángulo=, angle, corner

=angustia=, anguish, suffering

=anhelante=, breathless, anxious, eager

=anhelo=, desire, anxiety

=anidar=, to nestle, dwell

=anilla=, ring, circle, hoop

=anillo=, ring, spiral

=ánima=, soul;
=---- de bulto=, sculptured figure

=animado=, =-a=, animated, lively

=animal=, _m._, animal

=animar=, to encourage

=ánimo=, mind, courage;
=no es mi ----=, it is not my intention

=animoso=, =-a=, courageous

=anochecer=, to become night, grow dark

=anómalo=, =-a=, anomalous, unwonted

=anonadamiento=, annihilation

=anonadar=, to annihilate, overwhelm

=ansia=, anxiety, eagerness

=ansiar=, to crave, be anxious to

=ansiedad=, anxiety

=ansioso=, =-a=, anxious

=antagonismo=, antagonism

=antaño=, former times; _always used with the prep._ =de= _preceding it_

=ante=, before

=ante=, _m._, buckskin, buff

=antecedente=, antecedent

=antemano=, before;
=de ----=, beforehand

=anterior=, former, previous

=antes=, before, formerly; rather;
=---- de=, before

=antesala=, antechamber

=anticipar=, to pay in advance, anticipate

=antigüedad=, antiquity

=antiguo=, =-a=, old, former, ancient

=antojo=, whim, caprice

=Antonio=, Anthony

=antorcha=, torch

=anualmente=, annually

=anublar=, to cloud, darken

=anunciar=, to announce

=anuncio=, announcement

=anverso=, obverse

=añadir=, to add

=añagaza=, deception, artificiality

=año=, year

=añusgar=, to choke

=apacible=, peaceful

=apagar=, to put out, extinguish

=aparato=, preparation, ostentation

=aparcero=, partner, associate

=aparecer=, to appear

=aparejar=, to prepare

=aparejo=, harness, tools in general

=aparición=, apparition

=apariencia=, appearance

=apartar=, to set off, aside; push off, separate

=aparte=, apart, aside

=apasionado=, =-a=, inspired, impassioned

=apatía=, apathy

=apático=, =-a=, apathetic, indifferent

=apedrear=, to stone

=apelar=, to appeal, have recourse to, summon

=apellidar=, to name, proclaim

=apenas=, hardly, with difficulty; as soon as

=apercibir=, to perceive, make ready, prepare

=apero=, implements;
=---- de labranza=, farm tools

=apetecer=, to long for, desire

=apiadarse=, to have pity;
=---- de=, to have pity for

=ápice=, _m._, trifle, apex

=apiñado=, =-a=, close, gathered together

=apiñarse=, to crowd

=aplastado=, =-a=, flattened

=aplaudir=, to applaud

=aplauso=, applause

=aplazar=, to postpone

=aplicable=, applicable

=aplicación=, application

=aplicar=, to apply

=apoderarse=, to take possession;
=---- de=, to take possession of

=aporcionar=, to apportion

=aportar=, to contribute

=aposento=, room

=apóstol=, apostle

=apoyar=, to support, help;
=----se=, to lean

=apoyo=, prop, help

=apreciación=, appreciation, understanding

=apreciar=, to appreciate

=aprender=, to learn

=apresamiento=, seizure

=apresar=, to seize, impress

=apresuramiento=, hurry

=apresurar=, to hurry

=apretar=, to squeeze, bind

=apretón=, _m._, squeeze;
=---- de manos=, handshake

=aprisco=, sheepfold, pen

=aprobación=, approval

=aprobar=, to approve

=aprontar=, to make ready, hasten

=apropiación=, appropriation

=apropiar=, to appropriate

=aprovechar=, to take advantage of

=aproximación=, approach, approximation

=aproximadamente=, approximately

=aproximar=, to approach

=aptitud=, aptitude

=apto=, =-a=, suitable, apt

=apuntar=, to aim, make note of; to dawn, break forth

=apunte=, jotting, note, memoir

=apurado=, =-a=, straitened

=apurar=, to obtain, drain;
=----se=, to hurry

=apuro=, hurry, distress;
=salir de ----=, to get out of a difficulty

=aquejar=, to afflict, grieve

=aquel=, that

=aquél=, that one

=aquí=, here;
=de ----=, hence

=ara=, altar

=árabe=, _a. and s._, Arab, Arabian

=arabesco=, =-a=, arabesque

=arañar=, to scratch

=arañazo=, scratching, scratch

=arbitraje=, arbitration

=arbitrario=, =-a=, arbitrary

=arbitrio=, free will, opinion;
_pl._, revenues, means

=árbitro=, arbiter, judge

=árbol=, tree, mast

=arbolado=, =-a=, arbored

=arboladura=, rigging

=arboleda=, grove

=arbusto=, shrub

=arcabuz=, _m._, arquebuse, blunderbuss

=arcángel=, archangel

=arcilla=, white earth, argil

=arco=, bow, arch

=arder=, to burn

=ardiente=, eager, burning

=ardor=, _m._, warmth, eagerness, yearning

=arduo=, =-a=, arduous, hard

=arena=, sand, arena

=arganita=, basket;
(_mostly used in the pl._), =----s=, baskets slung
like saddle-bags and used for carrying fruit

=Argel=, Algiers

=argentado=, =-a=, silvery

=argentino=, =-a=, Argentine, silvery

=argumento=, argument, story

=árido=, =-a=, arid, dry

=ariete=, _m._, battering ram

=arisco=, =-a=, shy, rough, intractable

=aristocrático=, =-a=, aristocratic

=arma=, weapon;
=poner sobre las ----s=, to put under arms

=armamento=, armament, arms

=armar=, to arm, equip, provide

=armonía=, harmony

=armonioso=, =-a=, harmonious

=armonizar=, to harmonize

=aroma=, aroma, flower of the =aromo=, acacia tree

=arpa=, harp

=arpegio=, arpeggio, strain

=arquitectónico=, =-a=, architectural

=arquitectura=, architecture

=arrabal=, _m._, suburb, environs

=arraigado=, =-a=, rooted

=arrancar=, to pluck, tear out

=arranque=, _m._, outburst, sudden fit, impulse

=arrastrar=, to drag

=arrastre=, _m._, flow; dragging

=arrebatar=, to snatch, carry away

=arreciar=, to increase in violence

=arreglar=, to arrange, fix, settle

=arreglo=, arrangement;
=con ---- a=, according to

=arreo=, trappings

=arrepentirse=, to repent

=arrestar=, to arrest, stop

=arria=, drove of beasts, beast train

=arriba=, above

=arribar=, to arrive, put into harbor in distress

=arribo=, arrival

=arriero=, muleteer, driver

=arriesgar=, to risk

=arrimado=, =-a=, close

=arrobamiento=, ecstasy, ravishment

=arrodillarse=, to kneel down

=arrogancia=, arrogance, pride

=arrogante=, arrogant, proud

=arrojado=, =-a=, bold, reckless

=arrojar=, to throw

=arrojo=, boldness, recklessness

=arrollar=, to rout, fold back;
=----se=, twist, roll

=arroyo=, brook

=arruinar=, to ruin, destroy

=arrullar=, to lull

=arte=, _m._, art, power, skill, cunning

=artesa=, trough

=articular=, to articulate

=artífice=, _m._, artificer, maker

=artificial=, artificial

=artillería=, artillery

=artista=, _m._, artist

=artísticamente=, artistically

=artístico=, =-a=, artistic

=asaltante=, assailant

=asaltar=, to assault, assail

=asalto=, assault

=asamblea=, assembly

=asar=, to roast

=ascendente=, arising, rising

=ascender=, to ascend

=ascenso=, promotion, rise

=asegurar=, to assure

=asemejarse=, to resemble

=asentimiento=, assent, consent

=asesinar=, to murder

=asesinato=, assassination

=asesino=, assassin

=asestar=, to strike, direct, aim

=aseveración=, statement, affirmation

=asfixiante=, asphyxiating

=así=, thus;
=---- es que=, and so

=asiático=, =-a=, Asiatic

=asiento=, seat;
=---- de tijera=, collapsible chair, camp-chair

=asilar=, to shelter

=asilo=, asylum

=asimilación=, assimilation

=asimilar=, to assimilate

=asimismo=, likewise

=asír=, to seize;
=----se de=, to catch hold of

=asistir=, to assist;
=---- a=, to be present

=asociación=, association, group, social spirit

=asolar=, to destroy, raze

=asomar=, to show, loom;
=----se=, to appear

=asombrado=, =-a=, amazed

=asombro=, amazement, dread, admiration

=asombroso=, =-a=, amazing

=aspecto=, aspect, appearance

=áspero=, =-a=, rough

=aspiración=, aspiration

=aspirar=, to aspire, breathe

=asta=, flag-pole

=astro=, star, any heavenly body

=astucia=, astuteness

=asturiano=, =-a=, Asturian, from region of Asturias in north-western Spain

=asumir=, to assume, put on

=asunto=, topic, matter

=asustar=, to frighten

=atacante=, attacker

=atacar=, to attack

=atado=, bundle

=atalaya=, watchtower, observation point

=ataque=, _m._, attack

=atar=, to tie, bind

=atardecer=, to become night; to grow late

=atardecer=, _m._, sunset;
=al ----=, at nightfall

=atemorizado=, =-a=, frightened

=atemperado=, =-a=, tempered, softened

=Atenas=, Athens

=atención=, attention, care

=atender=, to attend, bear in mind

=atentar=, to attempt

=atento=, =-a=, attentive, polite

=aterrante=, terrifying

=aterrar=, to terrify

=atestiguar=, to testify, attest

=atizar=, to stir

=Atlántico=, Atlantic Ocean

=atlántico=, =-a=, pertaining to the Atlantic

=atleta=, _m._, athlete

=atlético=, =-a=, athletic

=atmósfera=, atmosphere, environment

=atracar=, to moor, approach

=atracción=, attraction

=atractivo=, attraction

=atraer=, to draw, attract

=atrapar=, to catch, overtake

=atrás=, behind; back

=atraso=, arrear, delay, backwardness

=atravesar=, to run across, pierce, cross

=atreverse=, to dare, venture

=atrevimiento=, daring

=atribuir=, to attribute, assign

=atrincherar=, to intrench

=atropellar=, to trample, push, be hurried

=aturdido=, =-a=, giddy, wild

=aturdir=, to daze, confuse

=audacia=, boldness, audacity

=audaz=, bold, audacious

=auditorio=, audience

=aun=, still, yet, even

=aunque=, although

=aura=, gentle breeze

=aurora=, dawn

=ausencia=, absence

=ausente=, absent

=auspicio=, auspice;
(_used mostly in the pl._), =----s=, auspices

=austeridad=, austerity

=austero=, =-a=, severe, austere

=autocracia=, autocracy

=auto-educación=, self-education

=autor=, author

=autoridad=, authority

=auxiliar=, to help

=auxiliar=, _m._, helper

=auxilio=, help

=avance=, _m._, advance

=avanzada=, advance

=avanzadísimo=, =-a=, very advanced

=avanzado=, =-a=, advanced, early, inopportune

=avanzar=, to advance, reach out

=avaro=, =-a=, miserly

=avatar=, _m._, avatar, transformation

=ave=, _f._, bird, fowl

=avenida=, avenue, row; freshet, flood

=avenido=, =-a=, reconciled, satisfied

=aventajado=, =-a=, gifted, excellent

=aventajar=, to have the advantage over, surpass

=aventura=, adventure

=aventurero=, =-a=, _a. and s._, adventurous; adventurer

=avergonzar=, to shame

=averiguar=, to find out, investigate

=aversión=, aversion

=avestruz=, _m._, ostrich

=avezado=, =-a=, accustomed

=avidez=, avidity

=ávido=, =-a=, eager, greedy

=avisar=, to warn, give notice

=¡ay!= alas!

=ayear=, to cry out =¡ay!=, moan

=ayer=, yesterday

=ayudante=, helper, aide-de-camp

=ayudar=, to help

=ayuno=, =-a=, fasting; lacking; ignorant, unacquainted

=azar=, chance, hazard;
=al ----=, at haphazard

=azorar=, to excite, stir

=azotar=, to strike, beat

=azote=, _m._, blow, lash

=azotea=, roof

=azul=, blue

B

=bache=, _m._, hole, rut

=Bahía=, seaport of Brazil to the north of Río Janeiro

=bahía=, bay

=baile=, _m._, dance

=bailoteo=, awkward dancing

=bajá=, _m._, pasha

=bajar=, to lower, let down; to descend, go down

=bajío=, shoal

=bajo=, =-a=, low

=bajo=, under; underneath

=bala=, bullet

=baladro=, bellowing, cry

=balanza=, scales

=balazo=, shot

=balbucear=, to mutter, stammer

=balcón=, _m._, balcony

=Báltico=, Baltic Sea

=baluarte=, _m._, bulwark, fort

=banco=, bench; bank; shoal

=bandera=, banner, flag; party

=bandido=, bandit

=bando=, faction, party; band

=bandolero=, highwayman, thief

=banquero=, banker

=banquete=, _m._, banquet

=bañar=, to bathe, suffuse

=baqueano=, _V._ baquiano

=baquía=, _also written_ =vaquía=, dexterity, expertness

=baquiano=, _Arg._, guide, path-finder; _also spelt_ =baqueano=

=báquico=, =-a=, bacchic

=barba=, beard, chin

=barbarie=, _f._, savagery

=bárbaro=, =-a=, savage, fierce

=barbirrucio=, =-a=, graybearded

=barca=, boat, barge

=barco=, boat

=bardo=, bard, singer

=barège=, barège, fabric of worsted and silk

=barra=, bar, gallery

=barranca=, ravine, cliff

=barranco=, _V._ =barranca=

=barrer=, to sweep, clear

=barrial=, _m._, puddle

=barrio=, quarter of a city, district

=barro=, mud

=basalto=, basalt, name of a species of marble

=base=, _f._, base

=bastante=, enough, rather

=bastar=, to suffice

=bastión=, _m._, bastion

=batalla=, battle, encounter

=batear=, _Arg._, to roast whole, barbecue

=batir=, to fashion, beat;
=----se=, to fight;
=---- en brecha=, to batter a breach

=bayeta=, flannel; cloak worn by students in the Middle Ages

=bayoneta=, bayonet

=beber=, to drink

=Belial=, Belial, one of the fallen angels in Milton's _Paradise Lost_

=bélico=, =-a=, warlike

=belicoso=, =-a=, bellicose

=belleza=, beauty

=bellísimo=, =-a=, very beautiful

=bello=, =-a=, handsome, beautiful

=bendición=, blessing, benediction

=bendito=, =-a=, blest

=beneficiar=, to benefit

=beneficio=, benefit

=benéfico=, =-a=, beneficent

=benévolo=, =-a=, benevolent

=benignidad=, kindness, benignity

=bergantín=, _m._, brig

=besar,= to kiss

=beso=, kiss

=bestia=, beast, animal

=bíblico=, =-a=, biblical

=bibliografía=, bibliography

=bien=, well;
=no ----=, as soon as;
=si ----=, although;
=antes ----=, rather, on the contrary

=bien=, _m._, property, possession, treasure;
=---- público=, public weal

=bienestar=, _m._, well-being

=bienhechor=, benefactor

=bienvenido=, =-a=, welcome

=bifurcar=, to branch off, bifurcate

=biografía=, biography

=bípedo=, biped

=bizarro=, =-a=, gallant, brave, bizarre

=bizco=, =-a=, cross-eyed

=blanco=, =-a=, white

=blancura=, whiteness

=blandengue=, soldier, armed with lance, who policed province of Buenos Aires

=blandir=, to brandish

=blanquear=, to whiten; appear white

=blanquecino=, =-a=, whitish

=blanquizco=, =-a=, whitish

=blasonar=, to boast

=bloqueo=, blockade

=boca=, mouth

=bocacalle=, _f._, outlet, entrance to a street

_bocado_, tit-bit, mouthful

=bocina=, horn;
=---- de meleadas=, horn used in honey-gathering

=boda=, wedding

=bofetada=, slap;
=dar de ----s=, to slap

=boina=, cap worn in Navarra and Biscay

=bolear=, to bring down with =bolas=; _cf._ note, 64, 5

=boliche=, _Arg._, small store

=bolsillo=, pocket

=bombardeo=, bombardment

=bonaerense=, pertaining to Buenos Aires

=bonanza=, clear weather, prosperity

=bondad=, kindness

=bondadoso=, =-a=, kind

=bonito=, =-a=, pretty

=borda=, gunwale, rail

=borde=, _m._, edge, border

=bordo=, board;
=a ----=, on board

=borlón=, _m._, tassel

=borracho=, =-a=, drunk, intoxicated

=borrar=, to erase, do away with

=bosque=, _m._, wood

=bosquecillo=, small wood

=bota=, boot;
=---- de potro=, horsehide boot

=bote=, _m._, boat

=botijilla=, little bottle, flask

=boya=, buoy

=Brasil=, Brazil

=brasileño=, =-a=, Brazilian

=bravío=, =-a=, wild, unpolished

=bravo=, =-a=, brave, courageous

=bravura=, bravery

=brazo=, arm;
=a ---- partido=, arm to arm, openly;
_pl._, hands, employees

=brecha=, breach

=breña=, wild, craggy ground

=Bretaña=, Britain;
_V._ =Gran Bretaña=

=breve=, brief, short

=brigada=, brigade

=brillante=, brilliant

=brillar=, to shine

=brillo=, luster, splendor

=brin=, _m._, duck, sailcloth

=brincar=, to leap, jump

=brindar=, to toast, offer a toast

=brío=, dash, courage, eagerness

=brioso=, =-a=, spirited, courageous

=brisa=, breeze

=británico=, =-a=, Britannic

=broma=, joke;
=en ----=, jokingly

=bromista=, droll

=brotar=, to bud; to gush, issue

=bruja=, witch

=brujo=, enchanter, necromancer

=bruma=, haziness, fog

=brumoso=, =-a=, foggy, gloomy

=bruscamente=, abruptly

=brusco=, =-a=, brusque

=bruto=, animal, brute

=bueno=, =-a=, good;
=a las buenas o las malas=, willy-nilly

=buey=, ox

=búfalo=, buffalo

=buho=, owl

=buitre=, _m._, vulture

=bulevar=, _m._, boulevard

=bulliciosamente=, noisily

=bullir=, to boil

=buque=, _m._, vessel, ship

=burgués=, =-esa=, bourgeois, middle class

=burla=, mockery, fun

=burlar=, to mock, scorn, deceive

=busca=, search

=buscador=, searcher

=buscar=, to look for

=busto=, bust

C

=cabalgador=, rider

=cabalgar=, to ride on horseback

=caballar=, equine

=caballería=, cavalry; chivalry

=caballero=, knight, gentleman

=caballerosidad=, magnanimity, chivalry

=caballo=, horse

=cabaña=, hut

=cabeceante=, swaying, nodding

=cabecear=, to sway, nod

=cabellera=, head of hair

=cabello=, hair

=caber=, to be contained in, fit, befall

=cabeza=, head

=cabildo=, town council, town hall

=cabizbajo=, =-a=, crestfallen, pensive

=cabo=, end; cape; chief, corporal;
=al ----=, finally;
=---- de guardia=, corporal of the guard

=cacique=, cacique, Indian chief

=cactus=, _m._, cactus

=cada=, each

=cadalso=, scaffold

=cadáver=, _m._, corpse

=cadena=, chain

=cadencia=, cadence

=cadete=, commercial apprentice, cadet

=caduco=, =-a=, worn out, decrepit

=caer=, to fall, happen

=café=, coffee, café

=caída=, fall

=Caín=, Cain, son of Adam and Eve

=caja=, box, chest, treasury

=cajetilla=, _m._, Argentine locution used by a =gaucho= to show his contempt for a city man; fop, dandy

=cal=, _f._, lime

=calabaza=, pumpkin

=calamidad=, calamity

=calamitoso=, =-a=, calamitous

=calar=, to pierce, fix a bayonet

=calcular=, to calculate

=cálculo=, calculation, estimate

=caldear=, to heat, foment

=caldera=, boiler, kettle

=calibre=, _m._, caliber

=calidad=, quality

=cálido=, =-a=, warm

=caliente=, warm

=calificación=, qualification

=calificar=, to qualify

=calizo=, =-a=, limy

=calma=, calm

=calmar=, to calm, pacify

=calor=, _m._, heat, passion, zest

=calumniar=, to calumniate

=calurosamente=, warmly

=calzada=, causeway, paved road

=callado=, =-a=, silent

=callar=, to quiet; to keep silence

=calle=, _f._, street

=callejón=, _m._, lane

=callejuela=, alley

=cama=, bed

=cámara=, chamber, hall

=camarada=, _m._, comrade

=cambiar=, to change

=cambio=, change, exchange;
=en ----=, on the other hand

=caminante=, wayfarer, traveler

=caminar=, to walk

=caminito=, byway

=camino=, road;
=----s públicos=, public highways;
=---- de encrucijada=, crossroad

=camote=, _m._, sweet potato

=campamento=, camp

=campaña=, campaign;
_Arg._, field, country

=campechano=, =-a=, frank, hearty

=campeón=, _m._, champion

=campesino=, =-a=, _a. and s._, rural; farmer

=campestre=, rustic

=campiña=, flat arable land, plain

=campo=, field, country

=canción=, song

=Candelaria=, Candlemas

=candorosamente=, candidly, unwittingly

=candoroso=, =-a=, frank, candid, naïve

=canoa=, canoe

=cansancio=, fatigue

=cansar=, to tire

=cantar=, to sing

=cantar=, _m._, song

=cántico=, hymn

=cantidad=, quantity

=canto=, song

=cantor=, singer, bard

=cañada=, dale

=cañón=, cannon, barrel of a gun, tube;
=---- de batir=, siege gun;
=---- de diez y ocho=, eighteen pounder;
=---- de chimenea=, chimney flue

=cañonero=, =-a=, gun-bearing;
=lancha cañonera=, gunboat

=capa=, cape, mantle, cloak

=capacidad=, capacity

=caparazón=, _m._, caparison, shell

=capataz=, _m._, overseer

=capaz=, capable

=capellán=, chaplain

=capital=, _f._, capital;
_m._, money

=capitalismo=, capitalism

=capitalista=, _m._, capitalist

=capitán=, captain

=capítulo=, chapter

=capote=, _m._, cloak with a cape

=capricho=, caprice, whim

=capucha=, cover

=cara=, face;
=volver ----s=, to face about

=carácter=, _m._, character, feature

=característico=, =-a=, characteristic

=caracterizar=, to characterize

=carancho=, bird of prey, peculiar to Argentina

=carbón=, _m._, coal

=carbonera=, coal-bin

=cárcel=, _f._, prison

=carcomido=, =-a=, gnawed, tottering

=cardal=, _m._, _Arg. for_ =cardizal=, field covered with thistles

=cardinal=, cardinal, basic

=cardo=, thistle

=cardón=, _m._, cactus

=carencia=, lack, absence

=carecer=, to lack

=carestía=, lack, scarcity

=carga=, charge, load

=cargamento=, cargo, load

=cargar=, to charge, load

=cargo=, charge, trust; office, rank; accusation;
=a ---- de=, in charge of

=caricia=, caress

=caridad=, charity

=cariñoso=, =-a=, loving

=carnavalesco=, =-a=, carnival-like

=carne=, _f._, flesh, meat

=carnero=, ram, sheep

=carnestolendas=, carnival lasting three days before Ash Wednesday

=caro=, =-a=, dear

=carozo=, kernel, seed

=carrera=, race, course, career

=carreta=, cart

=carretón=, _m._, large wagon

=carril=, _m._, road, rut, rail of railway

=carro=, wagon

=carruaje=, _m._, carriage

=carta=, letter

=cartabón=, _m._, size-stick; standard

=cartera=, pocketbook, leather case

=cartón=, _m._, pasteboard

=cartucho=, cartridge

=casa=, house, home

=casar=, to marry a person off;
=----se con=, to marry

=casco=, hull; hoof of a horse

=casería=, country house;
_Arg._, customers

=caserío=, group of houses

=casero=, =-a=, homely, domestic

=casi=, almost

=caso=, case;
=hasta el ---- que=, as long as, until

=castañuela=, castanet

=castellano=, =-a=, Castilian

=castigar=, to punish

=castigo=, punishment

=castillo=, castle

=castizo=, =-a=, chaste, noble; racy; idiomatic

=casto=, =-a=, chaste

=casualidad=, chance

=catalán=, =-ana=, Catalan, pertaining to Spanish province of Catalonia

=Catamarca=, province of Argentina, _V._ map

=catarata=, falls

=catástrofe=, _f._, catastrophe, death

=cátedra=, class, chair

=categoría=, rank, category

=catolicismo=, catholicism

=católico=, =-a=, catholic

=catorce=, fourteen

=cauce=, _m._, bed of a river, channel

=caudal=, _m._, wealth, fund

=caudaloso=, =-a=, voluminous, used of rivers having great volume, copious

=caudillejo=, upstart chief, leader

=caudillo=, chief, leader

=causa=, cause;
=por ---- de=, on account of

=causar=, to cause

=cautelosamente=, cautiously, quietly

=cautiverio=, captivity

=cautividad=, captivity

=cautivo=, =-a=, captive

=cauto=, =-a=, cautious

=cavatina=, aria

=caverna=, cavern

=cavilación=, deep thought, caviling

=cavilar=, to think, meditate

=cazador=, hunter

=cazar=, to hunt

=ceder=, to yield

=cedulilla=, small slip of paper; lottery ticket

=céfiro=, zephyr

=ceibo=, silk-cotton tree of the Plata basin, about one hundred feet in height, broad crowned, with red leaves and flowers. Its fruit is conical shaped, about one foot long, and it contains six seeds wrapped in a thick cotton-like substance used to pad pillows

=ceja=, eyebrow

=celebración=, celebration

=celebrar=, to celebrate, hold

=célebre=, famous

=celeste=, heavenly

=celo=, zeal, jealousy

=celoso=, =-a=, zealous, jealous

=cenagoso=, =-a=, muddy

=cendal=, _m._, crape, veil

=ceniza=, ashes

=centellante=, sparkling

=centelleo=, sparkle, flashing

=centenario=, centenary

=centenar=, _m._, hundred

=centinela=, sentinel

=central=, central

=centralista=, centralist

=céntrico=, =-a=, centric

=centro=, center, domain, power

=centuplicado=, =-a=, hundredfold

=ceñir=, to gird, grasp

=ceño=, frown, supercilious look

=ceñudo=, =-a=, frowning

=cerca=, near

=cercanía=, neighborhood

=cercano=, =-a=, near

=cercar=, to surround

=cerciorar=, to ascertain, assure

=cerco=, ring, circle, fence, inclosure

=ceremonia=, ceremony

=cerrar=, to shut;
=----se=, to come to an end

=certidumbre=, _f._, certainty

=certamen=, _m._, competition

=cerviz=, _f._, cervix, nape of the neck

=cesar=, to cease

=cicatriz=, _f._, scar

=ciego=, =-a=, blind;
=a ciegas,= blindly

=cielito=, name of dance peculiar to =gauchos=, corresponding to Andalusian =jaleo=

=cielo=, sky; song, dance

=cien=, one hundred

=ciénago=, _m._, swamp, mud

=ciencia=, science, art, knowledge

=científico=, =-a=, scientific

=cierto=, =-a=, certain, sure, true;
=por ----=, surely, of course

=cilíndrico=, =-a=, cylindrical

=cilindro=, cylinder, roll

=cima=, top, summit

=cimiento=, cement, foundation

=cinco=, five

=cincuenta=, fifty

=cintillo=, band

=cinto=, belt

=circo=, circus, circle, arena

=circulación=, circulation

=circular=, to circulate

=circular=, circular

=círculo=, circle

=circunferencia=, circumference

=circunscribir=, to limit, circumscribe

=circunscripción=, circumscription, political district

=circunspecto=, =-a=, cautious

=circunstancia=, circumstance

=circunstante=, standing about

=circunvalar=, to encircle

=cirio=, cereus, genus of plants of the cactus family

=cita=, call, appointment;
=darse ----=, to have a rendezvous

=citar=, to quote, cite, appoint, call

=ciudad=, city

=ciudadano=, citizen

=cívico=, =-a=, civic

=civil=, civil, polite

=civilización=, civilization

=civilizar=, to civilize

=cizaña=, darnel

=clamor=, noise, clamor

=claridad=, clarity, clearness, light

=clarín=, _m._, bugle

=claro=, gap

=claro=, =-a=, light, clear, manifest

=clase=, class, condition

=clásico=, =-a=, classic

=clasificar=, to classify

=clausurar=, to adjourn, close

=clavar=, to nail, rivet

=clave=, _f._, key

=clavo=, nail, clove

=clérigo=, clerk, _i.e._, man of letters; priest

=clienta=, patroness, customer;
_Arg. for_ =parroquiana=

=clima=, _m._, climate

=coaligado=, =-a=, joined, allied

=cobertizo=, cover, shelter

=cobijar=, to protect, shelter

=cobro=, collection

=cocina=, kitchen

=cocinar=, to cook

=cocinera=, cook

=cocotero=, coconut tree

=codicia=, cupidity

=codiciar=, to covet, envy

=codicioso=, =-a=, covetous

=codo=, elbow

=coexistir=, to coexist

=cohesión=, cohesion, contiguity

=cohete=, _m._, firecracker, rocket

=cohibido=, =-a=, restrained

=coincidencia=, coincidence

=coincidente=, coincident

=cola=, tail

=colaboración=, collaboration

=colaborador=, collaborator

=colar=, to filter, pass through

=colcha=, coverlet

=colchón=, _m._, mattress

=colchoneta=, quilt

=colectivo=, =-a=, collective

=colega=, _m._, colleague

=coleto=, jacket;
=---- de ante=, buff doublet

=colgar=, to hang

=colina=, hill

=colindar=, to be contiguous, border on

=colmena=, hive

=colmillo=, eye-tooth, tusk

=colocación=, position

=colocar=, to place

=Colón=, Columbus

=colonia=, colony

=coloniaje=, _m._, period during which Spanish-American colonies were under Spanish rule; colonial system

=colonial=, colonial

=colonización=, colonization

=colono=, settler, farmer

=color=, _m._, color

=colosal=, colossal

=columbrar=, to discern, perceive

=columna=, column

=columpio=, swing

=comandante=, commander; in Argentine army, lieutenant-colonel;
=---- general de armas=, commander-in-chief

=comarca=, district

=combate=, _m._, struggle, combat

=combatiente=, combatant

=combatir=, to fight

=combinación=, combination, chance, preparation, plan

=combinar=, to combine

=comenzar=, to begin

=comer=, to eat

=comercial=, commercial

=comercio=, commerce

=cometa=, _m._, comet

=cometer=, to commit

=comisaría=, commissariat, police court;
=---- de guerra=, office of paymaster general

=como=, as; like

=cómo=, how;
=¿---- le va?= how goes it with you?
=¿---- me ha de ir?= how do you suppose?

=cómodamente=, comfortably

=cómodo=, =-a=, comfortable

=compacto=, =-a=, firm, unswerving, compact

=compadrito=, the Argentine correspondent of =majo=;
_cf. slang_, show-off, swell, showy gent

=compañero=, companion

=compañía=, company

=comparación=, comparison

=comparado=, =-a=, comparative

=comparar=, to compare

=compartir=, to share

=compasión=, compassion

=compatible=, compatible

=compatriota=, compatriot, fellow-citizen

=compenetración=, compenetration, infiltration

=competencia=, fitness, competition

=competente=, competent, able

=complacerse=, to take delight

=complejo=, =-a=, complex

=completamente=, completely

=completar=, to complete

=completo=, =-a=, complete, accomplished

=complicado=, =-a=, complicated

=cómplice=, accomplice

=complicidad=, complicity

=componente=, _m._, component

=componer=, to compose

=comportar=, to cause, suffer;
=----se=, to behave

=composición=, composition

=compositor=, composer

=comprador=, buyer

=comprar=, to buy

=comprender=, to understand, grasp

=comprobar=, to verify, compare, test

=comprometer=, to compromise, endanger

=compromiso=, engagement, contract, compromise, difficulty

=compulsivo=, =-a=, compulsory

=común=, common

=comuna=, commune, community

=comunicación=, communication

=comunicar=, to communicate

=con=, with;
=---- tal que=, provided that

=cóncavo=, =-a=, concave

=concebir=, to conceive

=conceder=, to concede

=concentrado=, =-a=, concentrated, self-possessed

=concentrar=, to concentrate; to consolidate

=concepción=, conception

=concepto=, concept

=conceptuar=, to conceive

=conciencia=, conscience, consciousness;
=obligado en ----=, in duty bound

=concienzudo=, =-a=, conscientious

=concierto=, concert, agreement

=conciliar=, to conciliate

=concitar=, to excite, invite

=conciudadano=, fellow-citizen

=concluir=, to end

=conclusión=, conclusion

=concorbarse=, to bend down

=concordancia=, concordance, harmony

=concreto=, =-a=, concrete

=concurrencia=, competition; gathering

=concurrir=, to gather, contribute

=concurso=, concourse, gathering, aid

=concha=, conch, shell

=condenar=, to condemn

=condensar=, to condense

=condición=, condition, state

=condolido=, =-a=, grieving

=cóndor=, _m._, condor

=conducción=, bringing, guidance

=conducir=, to lead, transport

=conducta=, conduct

=conductor=, conductor, leader, driver

=conexión=, connection

=conferencia=, conference, interview

=conferir=, to confer

=confesar=, to confess

=confesión=, confession

=confianza=, confidence

=confiar=, to intrust, confide

=confidencia=, faith, confidence

=confidencial=, confidential

=confidente=, confidant

=configuración=, configuration, lay

=confín=, _m._, confine

=confirmar=, to strengthen, confirm

=conflagración=, conflagration

=conflicto=, conflict

=confraternidad=, brotherhood

=confundir=, to confuse, mix, fuse, join

=confusión=, confusion

=confuso=, =-a=, confused

=congreso=, congress

=cónico=, =-a=, conic

=conjunto=, whole, ensemble; milieu

=conjuro=, conjury, spell

=conmemorar=, to commemorate

=conminación=, threat

=conmoción=, uprising, commotion

=conmover=, to move, excite

=connaturalizarse=, to have the same nature, become one

=conocedor=, =-ora=, _a. and s._, connoisseur, expert; knowing

=conocer=, to know, be acquainted

=conocimiento=, knowledge

=conquista=, conquest

=conquistador=, conqueror

=conquistar=, to conquer

=consagrar=, to consecrate, put on record

=consecuencia=, result, consequence

=consecutivo=, =-a=, consecutive

=conseguir=, to obtain, bring about

=consejo=, advice; council

=consentimiento=, consent

=consentir=, to consent, tolerate

=conservar=, to save, preserve

=considerable=, considerable

=consideración=, consideration, esteem

=considerar=, to consider

=consigna=, watchword, order, password

=consiguiente=, result;
=por ----=, consequently

=consistir=, to consist, lie

=consolador=, =-ora=, consoling

=consonancia=, harmony

=consorte=, consort

=conspicuo=, =-a=, conspicuous

=constancia=, constancy

=constante=, constant

=constantemente=, constantly

=Constantinopla=, Constantinople

=constar=, _impers._, to be clear;
=---- de=, to consist of

=constelación=, constellation

=constitución=, constitution

=constitucional=, constitutional

=constituir=, to constitute, establish

=constreñir=, to bind

=construcción=, construction, building

=constructivo=, =-a=, constructive

=consuelo=, consolation

=consumado=, =-a=, consummate

=contacto=, contact

=contar=, to count, relate, expect;
=---- con=, to rely upon

=contemplación=, contemplation

=contemplar=, to contemplate

=contemporáneo=, =-a=, contemporary

=contener=, to contain, restrain

=contentar=, to content

=contertuliano=, social friend, of the same social set

=contestación=, reply

=contestar=, to reply

=continental=, continental

=continente=, _m._, continent

=contingente=, contingent

=continuar=, to continue

=continuo=, =-a=, continuous;
=acto ----=, at once

=contorno=, outline

=contra=, against

=contrabandista=, _m._, smuggler

=contradicción=, contradiction

=contradictorio=, =-a=, contradictory

=contraer=, to contract, bring together

=contrafuerte=, spur

=contraponer=, to set against

=contrapunto=, counterpoint;
_Arg._, repartee;
_V._ note, 79, 16; 88, 3

=contrariar=, to deny, vex, disappoint

=contrario=, =-a=, contrary;
=al ----=, on the contrary

=contraseña=, countersign

=contraste=, _m._, contrast, check, setback

=contratar=, to treat, contract

=contrato=, contract

=contravenir=, to contravene, violate

=contribución=, contribution

=contribuir=, to contribute

=contrición=, contrition

=control=, _m._, control

=controlar=, to control

=controversia=, controversy

=conturbar=, to arouse, excite

=convencer=, to convince

=conveniencia=, need, use, convenience, comfort

=conveniente=, suitable, expedient, convenient

=convenir=, to behoove, be necessary;
=---- en=, to agree upon

=convento=, convent

=convergente=, converging

=conversar=, to talk

=convertir=, to convert

=convidar=, to invite

=convocar=, to convoke

=convoy=, _m._, convoy

=convulsión=, convulsion

=convulsivo=, =-a=, convulsive, trembling

=conyugal=, conjugal

=cooperar=, to coöperate

=copa=, cup, glass; crown, top (of a tree)

=copiosísimo=, =-a=, very abundant

=copista=, _m._, copyist

=copla=, couplet, verses

=copo=, snowflake

=co-redactor=, fellow-editor

=coraje=, _m._, courage, anger

=coral=, _m._, coral

=corazón=, _m._, heart

=corbata=, tie, cravat

=corcel=, _m._, charger, steed

=cordaje=, _m._, cordage

=cordero=, lamb

=cordial=, cordial

=cordialidad=, cordiality

=cordillera=, mountain range

=Córdoba=, province of Argentina, also capital of said province; _V._ map

=coro=, chorus, refrain

=corona=, crown

=coronar=, to crown, honor

=coronel=, colonel

=corpulento=, =-a=, stout, corpulent

=corral=, _m._, corral, pen for animals

=corrección=, correctness, correction

=corredizo=, =-a=, running, loose

=correligionario=, co-religionist, co-religionary

=Correo, El=, name of a newspaper: _The Mail_

=correr=, to run, flow, traverse;
=----se=, to spread, extend

=correría=, raid, travel

=correspondencia=, correspondence

=corresponder=, to correspond, match, respond

=corriente=, current, stream;
_with dates_, instant

=Corrientes=, name of street in Buenos Aires; also province of Argentina

=corrupción=, corruption

=cortar=, to cut, destroy, curtail

=corte=, _m._, cut, edge

=corte=, _f._, court

=cortejo=, following, retinue

=cortesanía=, courtliness

=cortesía=, courtesy

=corteza=, bark, rind, exterior of anything

=cortijo=, farm, estate

=cortina=, curtain

=corto=, =-a=, short, brief

=corvo=, hook; curved sword used by grenadiers of San Martín

=cosa=, thing

=cosecha=, harvest

=cosechar=, to gather, reap

=cosmogónico=, =-a=, cosmic, starry

=cosmopolita=, cosmopolitan

=cosmopolitismo=, cosmopolitanism

=costa=, coast, cost

=costado=, side, aspect

=costar=, to cost

=costear=, to defray, pay expenses; coast along

=costumbre=, _f._, custom;
=como de ----=, as usual

=creación=, creation

=creador=, =-ora=, _a. and s._, creative; creator

=crear=, to create

=crecer=, to grow

=crédito=, credit, money accredited, loan

=credo=, creed, belief

=credulidad=, credulity

=crédulo=, =-a=, credulous

=creencia=, belief

=creer=, to believe

=crepúsculo=, twilight, sunset, evening

=crespo=, =-a=, curly

=creyente=, believer

=cría=, brood of animals

=criado=, servant

=criar=, to grow, develop, rear

=criatura=, creature

=crimen=, _m._, crime

=crin=, _f._, mane

=crinado=, =-a=, maned, crested

=crinolina=, hoop-skirt, crinoline

=criollo=, =-a=, creole;
_Arg._, native

=crisis=, _f._, crisis

=crisol=, _m._, crucible

=cristal=, _m._, crystal

=cristalino=, =-a=, crystalline

=cristiano=, =-a=, Christian

=criterio=, criterion, appreciation, judgment

=crítica=, criticism

=criticar=, to criticize

=crónica=, chronicle

=crucificar=, to crucify

=crudeza=, crudity

=crudo=, =-a=, crude

=cruel=, cruel

=cruz=, _f._, cross;
=hacer ----=, to intersect

=Cruzada=, Crusade; one of a series of attempts to win back the Holy Land

=cruzado=, crusader

=cruzar=, to cross

=cuadra=, block

=cuadrado=, =-a=, square

=cuadro=, square; picture, frame

=cuadrúpedo=, quadruped

=cuádruple=, fourfold

=cuajada=, curd of milk

=cual=, as, like;
=el ----=, that, which, who

=¿cuál?= which? what?

=cualidad=, quality

=cualquiera=, whatever, any

=cuan=, _shortened form of_ =cuanto=

=cuán=, _shortened form of_ =cuánto=

=cuando=, when;
=---- más=, at most

=cuanto=, =-a=, as much as, all that;
=en ---- a=, with regard to;
=en ---- que=, in so far as

=¿cuánto?= how much? how?

=cuarenta=, forty

=cuartel=, _m._, quarter, barrack

=cuarteta=, quatrain

=cuarto=, =-a=, fourth

=cuarto=, quarter, room

=cuatro=, four

=cubierta=, deck, cover, roof

=cubierto=, cover

=cubrir=, to cover; _p. p._ =cubierto=;
=voz cubierta=, soft voice

=cucuyo=, glowworm

=cuchilla=, _Arg._, stretch, knoll, slope

=cuchillo=, knife

=cuello=, neck, collar

=cuenca=, basin of a river

=cuenta=, account, bill;
=darse ----=, to become aware

=cuerda=, cord, string

=cuero=, leather, hide, skin

=cuerpo=, body, corps

=cuervo=, raven

=cuesta=, hill

=cuestión=, question, problem

=cueva=, cave

=cuidado=, care

=cuidadoso=, =-a=, careful

=cuidar=, to take care

=cultivar=, to cultivate

=culto=, =-a=, cultured, learned

=culto=, cult, religion

=cultura=, culture

=cumbre=, _f._, summit

=cumplido=, =-a=, courteous, accomplished

=cumplimiento=, fulfilment

=cumplir=, to fulfil, carry out;
=---- con=, to satisfy

=cuna=, cradle

=cúpola=, cupola

=curiosamente=, curiously

=curiosidad=, curiosity

=curioso=, =-a=, curious, queer

=curso=, course

=curva=, curve

=custodia=, custody

=custodiar=, to guard

=cuyano=, =-a=, from old Argentine province of Cuyo, which included the present provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis

=cuyo=, =-a=, whose

=¿cúyo=, =-a?= whose?

=cuzqueño=, =-a=, from Cuzco, capital of Peru

Ch

=chacra=, _Arg._, farm

=charco=, pool, marsh

=charlatán=, charlatan, faker

=charlatanismo=, charlatanism, gossip

=charro=, stream, trickle

=chileno=, =-a=, Chilean

=chillido,= shriek

=Chimborazo=, mountain in Ecuador

=chimenea=, chimney, smokestack

=chiquillo=, =-a=, child

=chiripá=, _f._, chiripa;
_V._ note, 270, 4

=chirrido=, chirp, screech, chattering

=chispa=, spark

=chispeante=, sparkling

=chisporrotear=, to crackle

=chisporroteo=, sparkling, gleam

=¡chitón!= hush!

=chivo=, goat

=chocar=, to clash

=choque=, _m._, shock, clash

=choza=, hut

=chubasco=, squall

=chúcaro=, =-a=, savage

=Chuquisaca=, province of Bolivia, also ancient name for Sucre, present capital of Bolivia

=churriador=, _Arg._, a =gaucho= who takes delight in murder

D

=dado=, die

=dama=, lady

=damasco=, plum

=danza=, dance

=dar=, to give;
=---- lugar=, to give rise;
=---- que hacer=, to cause trouble;
=----se=, to surrender;
=---- a=, to face;
=---- con=, to meet;
=---- una vuelta=, to take a stroll;
=---- en=, to hit, strike

=dársena=, dock, basin, anteport

=dato=, fact, information

=de=, of, from, by, with

=debatir=, to argue;
=----se=, to struggle

=deber=, _m._, duty

=deber=, to owe, be obliged to

=debido=, =-a=, due, proper

=débil=, weak

=debilidad=, weakness

=debilitar=, to weaken

=decaído=, =-a=, fallen down, depressed

=decano=, dean

=decepción=, deception

=decidir=, to decide

=décima=, stanza of ten verses

=decir=, to say, tell

=decisión=, decision

=decisivo=, =-a=, decisive

=declaración=, declaration

=declarar=, to declare

=declaratoria=, declaration

=declive=, _m._, decline, declivity

=decoración=, decoration

=decorar=, to decorate

=decoro=, decorum, self-respect

=decretar=, to decree

=dédalo=, labyrinth

=dedicar=, to dedicate

=dedo=, finger, toe

=defecto=, defect, fault

=defender=, to defend

=defensa=, defense

=defensor=, defender

=definido=, =-a=, definite

=definir=, to define

=definitivamente=, definitely

=definitivo=, =-a=, decisive, definite;
=en ----=, finally

=deformado=, =-a=, deformed

=defraudar=, to defraud

=degenerar=, to degenerate

=degollar=, to behead

=degradador=, =-ora=, degrading

=degradar=, to degrade

=deísmo=, deism, belief in God without belief in the Scriptures

=dejar=, to leave, cease;
=---- de=, to fail; to stop;
=---- caer=, to drop

=delante=, before, in front

=delantero=, leading, going in front

=delegado=, delegate

=delegar=, to delegate

=deleitar=, to delight

=deleite=, _m._, delight

=deleznable=, fragile, slippery, mean

=deliberante=, deliberating

=deliberar=, to deliberate

=delicadeza=, nicety, delicacy

=delicado=, =-a=, refined, subtle, weak

=delicia=, delight

=delicioso=, =-a=, delicious

=delincuente=, _m._, criminal

=delirante=, raving

=delirar=, to rave

=delito=, crime

=delta=, delta

=demagogia=, demagogy

=demanda=, demand, need

=demandable=, liable, subject to prosecution

=demás=, other (_always used with_ =lo=, =los=, _or_ =las=);
=por lo ----=, as for the rest

=demasiado=, too, very

=demencia=, madness

=democracia=, democracy

=demócrata=, _m._, democrat

=democrático=, =-a=, democratic

=demoler=, to demolish

=demonio=, demon

=demostrar=, to show

=denegatorio=, =-a=, contrary, demolishing, counter

=denodado=, =-a=, bold, intrepid

=denominación=, name, tide, denomination

=denso=, =-a=, dense

=dentro=, within

=denunciar=, to denounce, claim

=depender=, to depend

=deplorable=, deplorable

=deponer=, to put down, settle, depose

=deposición=, deposition

=depravado=, =-a=, depraved

=depreciar=, to depreciate

=depurar=, to purify, filter

=derecera=, straight road, line

=derecho=, =-a=, right

=derecho=, right;
=de ----=, by right

=derivar=, to derive, emanate

=derramar=, to pour, shed;
=----se=, to be lost

=derredor=, vicinity;
=en ----=, round about

=derretir=, to melt

=derribar=, to throw down, overwhelm, kill

=derrota=, rout

=derrotar=, to rout

=desacreditado=, =-a=, discredited

=desafiar=, to defy, challenge

=desafío=, challenge

=desahogo=, vent, outlet

=desairado=, =-a=, graceless, charmless

=desaliento=, dejection

=desaliñado=, =-a=, careless, artless

=desaliñar=, to disorder, disarrange

=desaliño=, _m._, negligence, disorder;
=con ----=, riotously, aimlessly

=desalmado=, =-a=, soulless, merciless

=desalojar=, to dislodge

=desaparecer=, to disappear

=desarreglado=, =-a=, irregular, lacking orderliness

=desarrollar=, to develop

=desarrollo=, development

=desarrugar=, to unwrinkle, smooth

=desasirse=, to break loose

=desasociación=, dissociation

=desastre=, _m._, disaster

=desatar=, to untie, unwind

=desavenencia=, discord

=desbaratar=, to interrupt, upset

=descalabro=, misfortune

=descansar=, to rest

=descanso=, rest

=descarga=, discharge

=descargar=, to fire; to unload

=descender=, to descend

=descollar=, to excel

=descomponer=, to upset

=descomposición=, disintegration, change

=desconcertante=, disconcerting, puzzling

=desconfiar=, to distrust

=desconocido=, =-a=, unknown

=desconocimiento=, lack of knowledge, ignorance

=descontento=, =-a=, discontented

=descrédito=, discredit

=descreído=, =-a=, incredulous, skeptical

=describir=, to describe

=descripción=, description

=descriptivo=, =-a=, descriptive

=descuajar=, to clear away

=descubridor=, discoverer

=descubrimiento=, discovery

=descubrir=, to discover, reveal

=descuido=, carelessness, negligence

=desde=, from

=desdén=, _m._, disdain

=desdeñar=, to disdain

=desdeñoso=, =-a=, disdainful

=desdichado=, =-a=, unhappy

=deseable=, desirable

=desear=, to desire

=desechar=, to cast off, drive away

=desembarcadero=, landing place

=desembarcar=, to disembark

=desembarco=, disembarkation

=desembocadura=, mouth of a river

=desembocar=, to empty; to debouch

=desembozar=, to unmask, unmuffle

=desempeñar=, to perform, play

=desencadenar=, to unchain

=desenfrenado=, =-a=, unbridled

=desengaño=, disillusion, disappointment

=desenvainar=, to unsheath

=desenvolver=, to develop, open out

=desenvolvimiento=, development

=deseo=, desire

=deseoso=, =-a=, desirous

=desertar=, to desert

=desertor=, deserter

=desesperación=, despair

=desesperado=, =-a=, desperate

=desesperar=, to despair

=desfavorecer=, to contemn, injure

=desfigurar=, to disfigure

=desfilar=, to march, defile

=desgajar=, to break, lop off, rend

=desgarrar=, to rend, tear

=desgracia=, misfortune, death

=desgraciadamente=, unhappily

=desgraciado=, =-a=, unfortunate

=desgraciarse=, to incur misfortune, kill

=deshacer=, to undo;
=----se de=, to get rid of

=deshonrar=, to dishonor

=desierto=, desert

=designar=, to designate, plan

=designio=, design

=desigual=, unequal, uneven, difficult

=desigualdad=, inequality, unevenness

=desinterés=, _m._, disinterestedness

=desinteresado=, =-a=, disinterested

=deslizar=, to pass by, slip, glide

=deslumbrador=, =-ora=, dazzling

=deslumbrar=, to dazzle, puzzle

=desmandar=, to rebel, go beyond the bounds of reason

=desmayar=, to dismay, depress;
=----se=, to swoon

=desmejorar=, to deteriorate

=desmelenar=, to dishevel

=desmentir=, to belie, give the lie

=desmontar=, to dismount

=desmoronar=, to destroy, fall to pieces

=desnudez=, nakedness, lack of shelter against the rigors of the weather

=desnudo=, =-a=, naked, deprived

=desocupación=, disoccupation

=desocupado=, =-a=, idle

=desolar=, to desolate

=desorden=, _m._, disorder

=desorganización=, disorganization

=desorganizar=, to disorganize

=desorientar=, to confuse, cause to lose one's bearings

=despacio=, slowly

=despachar=, to send off, hurry off

=despacho=, hurry; office; settlement

=desparramar=, to scatter, overspread

=despecho=, spite;
=a ---- de=, in spite of

=despedazar=, to tear to pieces

=despedida=, departure, leave-taking

=despedir=, to send off;
=----se=, to take leave

=despegar=, to detach

=despertar=, to awaken

=despierto=, =-a=, wide-awake, keen

=desplegar=, to unfold, display

=desplomarse=, to get out of plumb, collapse

=despoblado=, uninhabited place

=despojar=, to despoil

=despojo=, despoliation, remnant

=déspota=, _m._, despot

=despótico=, =-a=, despotic

=despotismo=, despotism

=despotizado=, =-a=, tyrannized, lorded over

=despreciar=, to scorn

=desprecio=, scorn; lowering in value

=desprendimiento=, disinterestedness

=desprevenido=, =-a=, unaware

=desprovisto=, =-a=, deprived of

=después=, afterwards;
=y ----=, besides

=destacamento=, detachment

=destacar=, to detach, send forth;
=----se=, to stand out

=destello=, flash

=desterrar=, to exile

=destinar=, to destine

=destino=, destination; fate

=destituir=, to deprive

=destrenzar=, to undo, unbraid

=destreza=, skill, dexterity

=destronar=, to dethrone

=destrozar=, to tear to pieces

=destructor=, =-ora=, destructive

=destruir=, to destroy

=desunido=, =-a=, disunited

=desvalido=, =-a=, helpless

=desvanecer=, to vanish; to dispel;
=----se=, to faint

=desventaja=, disadvantage

=desventura=, misfortune

=desventurado=, =-a=, hapless

=desvío=, deviation, aberration

=detención=, detention, delay

=detener=, to detain

=determinante=, determining

=determinar=, to determine

=detestable=, detestable

=detonación=, detonation, report

=detractor=, detractor, decrier

=detrás=, behind

=deuda=, debt

=devolver=, to return

=devorar=, to devour

=día=, _m._, day

=diablo=, devil

=diabólicamente=, diabolically

=diabólico=, =-a=, diabolical

=diálogo=, dialogue

=diametral=, diametrical

=diario=, =-a=, daily

=dibujar=, to draw, sketch

=diccionario=, dictionary

=diciembre=, December

=dictadura=, dictatorship

=dictar=, to dictate

=dictatorial=, dictatorial

=dicha=, happiness

=dicho=, saying

=dichoso=, =-a=, happy

=dieciséis=, sixteen

=diecisiete=, seventeen

=diente=, _m._, tooth

=diez=, ten

=diezmar=, to decimate

=diferencia=, difference

=diferenciar=, to differentiate

=diferente=, different

=diferir=, to delay, postpone

=difícil=, difficult, critical, untractable

=dificultad=, difficulty, stress

=difunto=, =-a=, dead, late

=dignamente=, worthily

=dignidad=, dignity

=dignificar=, to dignify

=dignísimo=, =-a=, very worthy

=digno=, =-a=, worthy, dignified

=dilatación=, expansion, increase

=dilatado=, =-a=, wide, vast

=dilatar=, to spread

=diligencia=, errand, diligence

=dimanar=, to spring, flow

=dimensión=, dimension

=diminuto=, =-a=, small, diminutive

=dinero=, money

=Dios=, God

=diplomacia=, diplomacy

=dique=, _m._, dike, barrier

=dirección=, direction, address

=directamente=, directly

=directo=, =-a=, direct, immediate

=directorial=, pertaining to a directory, directing

=directorio=, directory

=dirigir=, to direct, control;
=----se=, to turn

=disciplina=, discipline

=disciplinar=, to discipline

=discípulo=, pupil, student

=disco=, disk

=discreción=, discretion;
=rendirse a ----=, to surrender unconditionally

=discreto=, =-a=, cautious, wise

=discurso=, speech, discourse

=discusión=, discussion

=discutir=, to discuss

=diseminar=, to disseminate

=diseñar=, to design, outline

=disertación=, speech, dissertation

=disfrazar=, to mask, hide

=disfrutar=, to enjoy

=disimuladamente=, dissemblingly

=disimulado=, =-a=, dissembling, hidden, sly

=disipar=, to dissipate, scatter, destroy

=disnea=, dismay, difficulty in breathing

=disolver=, to dissolve

=disparar=, to shoot, fire

=dispersar=, to disperse

=disperso=, refugee

=disponer=, to dispose

=disponible=, available

=disposición=, disposition, aptitude; measure

=disputa=, dispute

=disputar=, to dispute

=distancia=, distance

=distante=, distant

=distención=, stretching

=distinción=, distinction

=distinguidísimo=, =-a=, very distinguished

=distinguir=, to distinguish

=distintivo=, =-a=, distinctive

=distinto=, =-a=, distinct, different, separate

=distraer=, to distract

=distribuir=, to spread, distribute

=diva=, goddess

=diverso=, =-a=, diverse, different

=divertir=, to amuse, divert

=dividir=, to divide, sever

=divinizar=, to make divine

=divisar=, to catch sight of, descry

=división=, division

=divorciar=, to divorce

=do=, _poetical for_ =donde=, where

=doblar=, to bend, double

=doble=, _a. and s._, double

=doblez=, doubleness, duplicity; fold

=doce=, twelve

=docilidad=, meekness

=doctor=, physician

=doctrina=, doctrine, teaching, learning

=documento=, document

=dogma=, _m._, dogma

=dolencia=, pain, ache

=doliente=, grieving

=dolor=, _m._, pain, grief, hardship

=doloroso=, =-a=, painful

=domar=, to tame

=doméstico=, =-a=, domestic

=dominación=, dominion, domination

=dominante=, dominant, overbearing

=dominar=, to dominate, overcome

=domingo=, Sunday

=dominio=, dominion

=don=, Mr., _used with first name only_

=don=, _m._, gift

=donativo=, donation

=doncella=, damsel

=donde=, where

=¿dónde?= where?

=dondequiera=, wherever

=doña=, lady, _fem. of_ =don=

=doquier=, _poetical for_ =dondequiera=

=dorado=, =-a=, gilt; golden; splendid

=dorar=, to gild

=dormido=, =-a=, asleep

=dormir=, to sleep

=dos=, two

=doscientos=, two hundred

=dosel=, _m._, canopy

=dosis=, _f._, amount, dose

=dotar=, to endow

=dote=, _f._, gift, dowry

=dragón=, dragon

=drama=, _m._, drama, struggle

=dramático=, =-a=, dramatic

=druídico=, =-a=, Druid, Druidic

=duda=, doubt

=dudar=, to doubt, hesitate

=duende=, _m._, demon

=dueño=, lord, master

=dulce=, sweet, fresh

=dulcemente=, sweetly

=duplicar=, to double

=durante=, during

=durar=, to last

=duraznero=, peach tree

=durazno=, peach

=duro=, =-a=, hard

E

=e=, and

=ebrio=, =-a=, intoxicated, drunk

=eclipsar=, to eclipse

=eco=, echo

=economía=, economy; development, regulation

=económico=, =-a=, economic

=economizar=, to spare, economize

=ecuador=, equator

=ecuanimidad=, fairness, equanimity

=echar=, to throw, drive out;
=---- a pique=, to sink;
=---- mano de=, to avail oneself of;
=----se a=, to begin

=edad=, age;
=Edad Media=, Middle Ages

=edecán=, _m._, aide-de-camp

=edificación=, construction

=edificio=, building

=educación=, education, training

=educar=, to instruct, lead, train, direct

=efectivo=, =-a=, effective

=efecto=, effect, purpose;
=en ----=, indeed, in fact

=efectuar=, to carry out, effect;
=----se=, to take place

=eficacia=, efficacy

=eficaz=, efficient, effective

=eficazmente=, efficiently

=eficiente=, efficient, powerful

=efímero=, =-a=, ephemeral, short-lived

=efusivo=, =-a=, effusive

=Egipto=, Egypt

=egoísmo=, egoism

=egoísta=, _m._, egoist

=egoísta=, selfish

=ejecución=, execution

=ejecutar=, to execute;
=----se=, to take place

=ejecutivo=, executive

=ejecutor=, executor

=ejemplar=, exemplary, model

=ejemplo=, example

=ejercer=, to practice, exert

=ejercicio=, exercise

=ejercitar=, to exercise

=ejército=, army

=él=, he

=el=, the

=elasticidad=, elasticity

=elección=, election

=electricidad=, electricity

=eléctrico=, =-a=, electric

=elefante=, _m._, elephant

=elegante=, elegant

=elegía=, elegy

=elegir=, to choose

=elemento=, element, environment

=elevación=, loftiness, elevation

=elevado=, =-a=, lofty, high

=elevador=, elevator

=elevar=, to raise

=eliminar=, to eliminate

=elocuencia=, eloquence

=elocuente=, eloquent

=ello=, it, that;
=por ----=, on that account

=emanación=, emanation

=emanado=, =-a=, emanating, derived

=emancipación=, emancipation

=emancipar=, to free

=embalsamar=, to embalm

=embarcación=, embarking; vessel;
=---- a vela=, sailboat

=embarcar=, to embark

=embargo=, sequestration;
=sin ----=, nevertheless

=embarque=, _m._, shipment, passage, embarkation

=embellecer=, to beautify

=embolar=, to bring down with =bolas=

=embudo=, funnel