Chapter XVII: Appendix: List of Authorities

UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS.

The despatches of Walter Titley [1764-68], British Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen. State
Paper Office, London.

The despatches of G. Cosby [1764-65], Assistant Envoy at Copenhagen.
State Paper Office, London.

The despatches of Sir Robert Gunning [1766-71], Minister Resident
and afterwards Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at
Copenhagen. State Paper Office, London.

The despatches of Sir R. Murray Keith [1771-72], Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen. State Paper Office,
London.

The despatches of W. Woodford [1770-73], Minister Resident
at Hamburg, afterwards Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen.

Sundry despatches written from the Foreign Office in London by the
Earl of Sandwich and the Earl of Suffolk to the British Ministers
at Copenhagen during the years 1764-73, specified elsewhere. State
Paper Office, London.

Sundry documents from the Royal Archives, Copenhagen, and the town
archives of Celle, specified elsewhere.

PRINTED BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ETC.

_Mémoires de Reverdil: Struensee et la cour de Copenhague_ (1760-72).
Paris, 1858.

_Mémoires de mon Temps_: par S. H. le Landgrave Charles, Prince de
Hesse. [Printed by order of Frederick VII., King of Denmark, for
private circulation.]

_Mémoires de M. Falckenskjold_, Officier Général dans le service de
S. M. Danoise.

_Memoiren von Köller-Banner._

_Christian VII. og Caroline Mathilde_, by Chr. Blangstrup. Copenhagen.

_Die Verschwörung gegen die Königin Caroline Mathilde und die Grafen
Struensee und Brandt_, by G. F. von Jenssen-Tusch. Leipsig, 1864.

_Struensee_, by K. Wittich. Leipsig, 1879.

_Authentische Aufklärungen über die Geschichte der Grafen Struensee
und Brandt_, 1788. [This book purports to be written by a Dutch
officer, and was translated into English 1790. The author has
evidently had access to first-rate authorities, but a good deal of
the book must be received with caution.]

_Charlotte Dorothea Biehl's Breve von Christian VII._ Edited by L.
Bobé. Copenhagen, 1902.

Höst's _Grev Struensee og hans Ministerium_. Copenhagen, 1824.

_Beiträge zur Geschichte de Braunschweig-Lüneburgischen Hauses und
Hoses_, by C. E. von Malortie. Hanover, 1860.

_Die Struensee und Brandtische Kriminalsache_ [pamphlet]. Amsterdam,
1773.

_Leben, Begebenheiten und unglückliches Ende der beiden Grafen
Struensee und Brandt_, 1772 [pamphlet].

_Gespräch im Reiche der Todten._ Copenhagen, 1773 [pamphlet].

_Die Letzten Stunden der Königin von Danemark_ [pamphlet]. Hanover,
1776.

N. Falck, _Neues Staatsbürgerliche's Magazin_. Schleswig, 1833.

_Narrative of the Conversion and Death of Count Struensee_, by the
Rev. Dr. Münter [translated by the Rev. T. Rennell, 1825].

_Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir R. Murray Keith_, vol. i., 1849.

_Life of Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark_, by Sir C. F. Lascelles
Wraxall, 1864. [This book is valuable for its extracts from
N. W. Wraxall's private journal with reference to the Queen's
restoration.]

N. W. Wraxall's _Posthumous Memoirs of his own Times_, vol. i.

N. W. Wraxall's _Memoirs of the Courts of Berlin_, etc., vol. i.

_Northern Courts_, by John Brown, 1818. [This book contains curious
information, but a great deal of it is unauthenticated.]

_Memoirs of an Unfortunate Queen, interspersed with letters written
by Herself to several of her Illustrious Relatives and Friends._
1776. [Most of these letters are evidently spurious and the Memoirs
are untrustworthy.]

_Histoire de Danemark_, trad. by E. Beauvois. Copenhagen, 1878.

_Danemark_, by De Flaux.

_History of Denmark_, etc., Dunham.

Bubb Dodington's _Diary_, edition 1784.

Mrs. Carter's _Letters_.

Lady Hervey's _Letters_.

Northcote's _Memoirs of Sir J. Reynolds_, vol. i.

Walpole's _Reign of George III._

Walpole's _Letters_, edition 1857.

Archdeacon Coxe's _Travels in Poland, Russia and Denmark_, vol. v.

Cunningham's _Handbook of London_.

Stanhope's _History of England_, vol. vii., 1853.

Wright's _England under the House of Hanover_, vol. i.

_The Georgian Era_, 1832.

Jesse's _Memoirs of George III._, 1867.

_La Reine Caroline Mathilde_, by G. B. de Lagrèze. Paris, 1837.

Adolphus's _History of England from the Accession of George III._,
1802.

_George III., his Court and Family_, 1820.

Gibbon's _Letters to Lord Sheffield_, Misc. Works, edition 1837.

_A View of Society and Manners in Germany_, etc., by John Moore, 1779.

Also the following papers from the years 1751-1775:--

_The London Gazette_, _The Annual Register_, _The Gentleman's
Magazine_, _General Evening Post_, _The Leyden Gazette_, _The
Gazetteer_, _The Public Advertiser_, etc.

INDEX.

Aalborg, ii., 175, 220.

Aböe, Lieutenant, liberated, ii., 213.

Alexandra, Queen, descent from Queen Louise, i., 53 _n._

Amelia, Princess, presides over the court of George II., i., 23;
her unamiable character, 24;
entertains Christian VII., 160.

"Art of Passau," i., 62.

Ascheberg, i., 238.

Ball, Mr., naval surgeon, ii., 110.

Bang, Councillor, ii., 149;
his indictment of the Queen, 152;
defends Count Brandt, 191.

Benthaken, Anna Catherine, i., 136.

Benzon dismissed, i., 292.

Berger, Professor, arrested, ii., 73;
liberated, 214.

Beringskjold, ii., 52;
made Grand Chamberlain, 94.

Berkentin, Count, i., 56.

Berkentin, Madame, i., 143, 198.

Bernstorff, Count, his career, i., 46 _n._;
slighted, 234;
dismissed, 256;
his character, 257.

Bolingbroke, Lord, i., 8.

Boothby, Lady Mary, i., 88.

Bothmar, the Danish envoy at the court of St. James's, i., 46.

Bothmar, Baron, brother of the Danish envoy, i., 46.

Brandt, Count Enevold, i., 128;
banished, 148;
recalled to court, 232;
Master of the Revels, 321;
made a Count, 335;
and Struensee, ii., 6;
thrashes the King, 28;
arrested, 72;
loaded with chains, 108;
his trial, 189;
condemned to death, 194;
his execution, 202.

Brunswick, Augusta Duchess of, her birth, i., 3;
character, 21;
hatred of Lord Bute, 42;
her marriage, 43;
her sympathy for her sister Queen Matilda, ii., 241.

Brunswick, Prince Charles William Ferdinand, his marriage to Princess
Augusta, i., 43;
champions the cause of Queen Matilda, ii., 241.

Bülow, Baron von, ii., 268;
conferences with Wraxall, 273.

Bülow, Baroness von, i., 253.

Bute, John, Earl of, i., 26;
and the Princess of Wales, 27;
character, 28;
Prime Minister, 39;
in exile, 156.

Carlton House, i., 19.

Caroline, Princess, ii., 325.

Caroline, Queen, her death, i., 3.

Caroline Amalie, Princess, ii., 324.

Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway, her birth and
parentage, i., 1-18;
baptised at Leicester House, 17;
childhood at Kew, 20;
her accomplishments, 20;
reared in strict seclusion by her mother, 32;
first public appearance, 38;
betrothed to Prince Christian of Denmark, 48;
her reluctance to the Danish match, 84;
her marriage portion, 85;
married by proxy, 87;
leaves for Denmark, 87;
reaches Rotterdam, 90;
received by her husband at Röskilde, 96;
public entry into Copenhagen, 98;
her marriage, 102;
festivities at Copenhagen, 103;
disappointed in her husband, 109;
crowned and anointed, 119;
embittered against the King, 125;
swayed by Madame de Plessen, 127;
treated cruelly by the King, 135;
birth of her son Frederick VI., 138;
loss to her of Madame de Plessen, 144;
resides at Frederiksborg, 176;
reconciliation to the King, 182;
illness, 191;
attended by Struensee, 208;
takes him into favour, 210;
her ascendency over the King, 218;
Struensee her evil genius, 219;
their intrigue, 222;
friendly relations with the King, 224;
rides in male attire, 225;
tour through Schleswig and Holstein, 229;
visits Count Rantzau at Ascheberg, 238;
meets her mother at Lüneburg, 248;
returns to Copenhagen, 251;
at Hirschholm, 252;
her sympathy with the poor, 297;
disregard of public opinion, 303;
treatment of her son, 307;
Order of Matilda established, 320;
bitter feeling towards her, 328;
delivered of a daughter, 331;
child named Louise Augusta, 334;
gives a masked ball, ii., 54;
the palace revolution, 63;
a prisoner in the hands of the conspirators, 73;
conveyed to Kronborg, 80;
her treatment there, 84, 129;
bitter feeling against her, 96;
examined by the Commissioners, 141;
confession of guilt, 145;
her trial, 149;
defence of Uhldahl, 159;
marriage dissolved, 171;
visited by Keith, 219;
freedom demanded by George III., 220;
English squadron arrives at Kronborg, 234;
parts with Princess Louise Augusta, 235;
goes on board H.M.S. _Southampton_, 237;
resides at Göhrde, 240;
entry into Celle, 243;
visited by Keith, 248;
life at Celle, 255;
Wraxall introduced to her, 264;
popular reaction in her favour, 271;
important conversations with Wraxall, 275;
her sudden death, 295;
details of her illness and death, 296;
evidences of her innocence, 300;
letter to her brother George III., 301;
and pastor Roques, 304;
her funeral at Celle, 306;
looked upon as a saint and martyr in Denmark, 310;
how the news of her death was received there, 310;
monument erected at Celle, 313.

Carstenskjold, Major, ii., 94.

"Catherine of the Gaiters," i., 136;
great influence over the King, 146;
her shamelessness, 147;
sent out of the country, 148.

Catherine the Great, and Matilda, i., 265;
her favourites, 268;
resents the appointment of Rantzau, 269;
becomes Empress, 274.

Celle, entry of Matilda into, ii., 243;
described, 255.

Celle Castle, ii., 230;
description of, 246.

Charlotte, Princess of Mecklenburg, her marriage to George III., i.,
381;
great animus against Matilda, ii., 228.

Charlotte Amelia, Princess, i., 77.

Chemnitz, a preacher, ii., 133.

Chesterfield, Lord, i., 8.

Christian V., i., 284.

Christian VI., i., 285.

Christian VII., i., 52;
training, 56;
keeps bad company, 58;
character, 60;
betrothal to Matilda, 63;
confirmed, 64;
proclaimed King, 68;
his first Council, 70;
dismisses Moltke, 74;
his distaste for work, 75;
fond of practical jokes, 76;
named "The Northern Scamp," 78;
receives Matilda at Röskilde, 96;
their marriage, 102;
passion for display, 114;
introduces masquerades, 115;
crowned and anointed, 119;
his dissipation and folly, 127;
nocturnal expeditions, 129;
tours through Holstein, 131;
cruelty to the Queen, 135;
birth of his son Frederick VI., 138;
his _liaison_ with "Catherine of the Gaiters," 146;
visits England and France, 150;
lands in England, 152;
popularity in London, 158;
tours in the provinces, 162;
entertained by the city of London, 165;
low dissipation in London, 168;
gives a masked ball, 171;
goes to Paris, 174;
returns to Copenhagen, 175;
improvement in his conduct, 182;
infatuation for Holck, 190;
mental and physical deterioration, 191;
royal tour through Schleswig and Holstein, 229;
visits Count Rantzau at Ascheberg, 238;
returns to Copenhagen, 251;
at Hirschholm, 252;
court manners there, 253;
and the Council of State, 286;
abolishes certain religious festivals, 290;
mental state, 315;
virtual abdication in favour of Struensee, 333;
his vagaries, 351;
at Frederiksberg, ii., 35;
in the hands of the conspirators, 64;
appears in public, 89;
arraigned by Reverdil, 169;
Queen divorced, 171;
hates the Queen-Dowager, 270;
his death, 324.

Christian VIII., ii., 324.

Christian Frederick, Prince, ii., 324.

Christiansborg Palace, i., 59;
masked ball at, 116.

Chudleigh, Miss, i., 27.

Cliveden, i., 19.

Coke, Lady Mary, i., 133.

Copenhagen, civic government of, i., 295;
foundling hospital established, 299;
rejoicings at fall of Struensee, ii., 89;
riotous scenes, 92.

Cosby, i., 62.

Council of Conferences, i., 287.

Council of State, i., 280;
decree abolishing, 281;
its origin, 285;
re-established, ii., 104.

Cricket introduced into England, i., 13.

Cromartie, Lady, i., 5.

Cumberland, Henry Frederick Duke of, i., 22;
a dissipated youth, 245;
marries Mrs. Horton, ii., 112.

Cumberland, William Augustus Duke of, i., 5.

"Danish Fly," headdress, i., 158.

Danneskjold-Samsöe, Count Frederick, i., 73.

Denmark, court of, i., 106;
state of foreign affairs, 113;
and Russia, 265;
strained relations between, 273;
reform in administration of justice, 295;
serfdom in, 296;
illegitimacy in, 298;
marriage laws in, 300;
discontent in, ii., 1.

Devonshire, Duke of, i., 39.

Dodington, Bubb, at Kew, i., 7;
character, 29;
the confidant of the Princess of Wales, 30.

Eickstedt, Hans Henrik von, ii., 51;
made a general, 93.

Elizabeth, Princess, i., 22;
her death, 32.

Elsinore. _See_ Helsingor.

Essex, Charlotte, Countess of, i., 133.

Eyben, Fräulein von, Queen's lady-in-waiting, i., 143, 223;
dismissed, 233;
evidence at the trial of the Queen, 251.

Falckenskjold, Colonel, i., 260;
mission to Russian court, 278;
arrested, ii., 73;
sent to the fortress of Munkholm, 214;
dies at Lausanne, 215.

Filosofow, i., 141, 214;
insults Struensee, 216;
recalled, 269.

"Flying Bodyguard," the, i., 326.

Foot Guards disbanded by Struensee, ii., 38;
their mutinous conduct, 39.

Fredensborg Castle, i., 67.

Frederick III., i., 284.

Frederick V., i., 44;
marriage with Juliana Maria of Brunswick, 53;
becomes a drunkard, 54;
his death, 68;
and the Council of State, 285.

Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark, his birth, i., 138;
his course of education, 307;
treated with little respect, ii., 317;
his confirmation, 318;
in the Council of State, 319;
effects the overthrow of the Ministry, 320;
proclaimed regent, 322;
becomes king, 324;
his marriage and children, 325;
disasters to Denmark during his reign, 325.

Frederick, Prince, son of the Queen-Dowager Juliana Maria, ii., 323;
his death and family, 324.

Frederiksberg Palace, i., 67 _n._

Frederiksborg, i., 176.

Frederiks-Kirke in Copenhagen, i., 323.

Gabel, Madame, i., 207.

Gahler, General, i., 241;
appointed to the War Department, 259;
and Struensee, ii., 4;
arrested, 73;
banished, 214.

Gahler, Madame von, i., 253;
arrested, ii., 73;
liberated, 213.

George II. and his son Frederick, i., 2;
his court, 23;
death and burial, 33, 34.

George III., his birth, i., 4;
created Prince of Wales, 16;
becomes king, 35;
his marriage, 38;
dislike to Christian VII., 154;
writes to Matilda about Bernstorff, 258;
his attitude to the divorce trial, ii., 148;
demands the Queen to be set at liberty, 220;
assents to the articles in favour of the revolution to restore the
Queen, 283;
and Wraxall's claims for reward, 292.

Gloucester, William Henry Duke of, i., 22;
visits Copenhagen, 184;
his character, 185;
marries Lady Waldegrave, 186;
festivities in Copenhagen in honour of his visit, 187;
the Danish king's opinion of him, 189.

Goblet, wedding, i., 101 _n._

Göhrde, ii., 240.

Goodrich, Sir John, i., 137 _n._

Gottorp Castle, i., 230.

Guldberg, Ove, ii., 51;
his great influence, 94;
all-powerful, 269.

Gunning, Sir Robert, i., 80;
on Madame de Plessen, 140;
his opinion of Count Osten, 276;
on Struensee, 338.

Hamburg and the partisans of the Queen, ii., 268.

Hansel, Admiral, liberated, ii., 213.

Hansen, a preacher, ii., 133.

Hayter, Dr., Bishop of Norwich, i., 17.

Hee, Dean, and Brandt, ii., 189.

Helsingor, ii., 82 _n._

Hesse, Prince Charles of, i., 74, 230;
in exile, 148;
on Struensee, 232.

Hesse, Frederick Landgrave of, i., 75.

Hesse, Mary Princess of, i., 75.

Hesselberg, Colonel, liberated, ii., 213.

Hinuber, ii., 290.

Hirschholm Palace, i., 60;
description of, 252;
razed to the ground, 253 _n._

Holck, Conrad Count, account of, i., 128;
treats the Queen with scant respect, 130;
influence over the King, 136;
offer of marriage refused by Lady Bel Stanhope, 161;
disgraceful evening amusements in London, 168;
marriage to Count Laurvig's daughter, 190;
his influence undermined by Struensee, 203;
dismissed, 233.

Holck, Gustavus, a page, i., 233.

Holstein, Count, dismissed from office, i., 233;
attends the Queen to Stade, ii., 236.

Holstein, Countess, i., 253; ii., 272.

Household Cavalry abolished, i., 324.

Illegitimacy in Denmark, i., 298.

Jessen, ii., 53, 94.

Juell-Wind, Baron, ii., 142.

Juliana Maria, Queen-Dowager, i., 53, 76;
her character, 54;
at Fredensborg, 305;
rarely invited to court, 306;
an imperious, intriguing woman, ii., 49;
joins conspiracy against Struensee, 50;
treatment of the Queen, 86;
distributes honours, 93;
her appointments to office, 95;
takes the place of the Queen, 102;
re-establishes the Council of State, 104;
witnesses the execution of Struensee and Brandt, 210;
the most hated woman in Denmark, 269;
state of affairs in Denmark, 315;
her rage at the overthrow of the Guldberg Ministry, 322;
her rule at an end, 323.

Junius on Queen Matilda, ii., 124.

Justice, reform in administration of, i., 295.

Keith, Sir Robert Murray, i., 341;
reception at the court of Denmark, 344;
his opinion of Struensee, ii., 32;
intervenes on behalf of the Queen, 99;
receives the Order of the Bath, 121;
protests in favour of the Queen, 172;
visits the Queen, 219;
tells her she was no longer a prisoner, 231;
takes leave of the Queen, 240;
appointed ambassador to Vienna, 249;
letter regarding Queen Matilda, 250;
his death, 253.

Kew House, i., 6.

Kirchoff, John, and Sperling, i., 58;
pensioned, 78.

Köller-Banner, joins in a conspiracy against Struensee, ii., 51;
arrests Struensee, 67;
made a general and known henceforth as Köller-Banner, 93;
his death, 269 _n._

Kronborg, a gloomy fortress, ii., 81;
chapel at, 133 _n._

Lehzen, Pastor, ii., 260, 298;
attends the Queen in her last illness, 305;
funeral sermon, 307.

Leicester House, i., 4;
high play at, 6.

Lennox, Lady Sarah, i., 37.

_Lex Regia_, i., 282.

Leyser, Dr., ii., 298.

Lichtenstein, Baron von, interviews with Wraxall concerning the
Queen, ii., 281.

Lottery, royal Danish, i., 323.

Louisa Anne, Princess, i., 22;
her death, 145.

Louise, Queen of Denmark, i., 45;
death and character, 52.

Louise Augusta, Princess, i., 334;
declared legitimate, ii., 171;
separated from her mother, 235;
marries the Duke of Augustenburg, 324.

Lühe, Madame von der, the Queen's lady-in-waiting, i., 143, 223;
dismissed, 233.

Lüneburg, i., 248.

Luttichau, Chamberlain, dismissed, i., 233.

Malzahn, i., 273.

Marie Sophie Frederika, Princess, marries Frederick VI., ii., 325.

Marriage laws in Denmark, i., 300.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince Ernest, ii., 229.

Moltke, Count, i., 55;
dismissed, 74.

Moltke, Count, son of the Prime Minister, dismissed, i., 292.

_Monthly Journal for Instruction and Amusement_, i., 196.

Moore, John, at Celle, ii., 261.

Münter, Dr., sermon against the royal amusements, i., 117;
his sermon against Struensee, ii., 97;
and Struensee's conversion, 178;
attends Struensee to the scaffold, 208;
rewarded by the Queen-Dowager, 212.

Newcastle, Duke of, i., 39.

Nielsen, a Lutheran clergyman, i., 57.

Norfolk House, St. James's Square, i., 3.

Oeder, Professor, i., 291.

Oeser, Professor, sculptor, ii., 313.

Ompteda, Baroness d', ii., 240, 258, 261.

Order of Matilda, i., 320.

Osten, Count von, i., 273;
appointed to the Foreign Office, 276;
his hatred of Struensee, ii., 4;
banished to Jutland, 269.

Park Place, i., 19.

Plessen, Madame de, lady-in-waiting, i., 91;
her political intrigues, 113;
guides the Queen in all things, 125;
suddenly dismissed, 141;
settles at Celle, 144;
her character, 144;
at Celle, ii., 256;
celebrates the Queen's birthday, 261.

Press censorship abolished, i., 296.

Rantzau-Ascheberg, Count Schack Karl, i., 197;
his career, 235;
receives the King and Queen at Ascheberg, 238;
retires from office, ii., 3;
remonstrates with Struensee, 43;
heads the conspiracy against Struensee, 49;
his intention to betray the conspiracy, 59;
pretends a fit of the gout, 60;
surprises the King in bed, 64;
attempts to arrest the Queen, 75;
the resistance he meets with, 76;
honours conferred on him, 93;
exiled, 269.

Reventlow, Count, tutor of Prince Christian, i., 56;
his severity, 57;
dismissed, 141;
his bitter feeling against the Queen, 263.

Reverdil, his career, i., 59;
dismissed, 147;
recalled, 347;
describes the court at Hirschholm, 354;
arrested, ii., 73;
set at liberty, 105;
dies at Geneva, 106 _n._;
his arraignment of the King, 169.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, paints Matilda's portrait, i., 84.

Rich, Sir Robert, i., 22.

Richmond, Duchess of, i., 133.

Roques, M., pastor, ii., 304.

Rosenborg Palace, i., 326 _n._

Röskilde, i., 95 _n._

Russia, interference in Danish affairs, i., 265.

St. Petersburg, foundling hospital in, i., 299 _n._

Saldern, a semi-barbarian, i., 141;
dismisses Madame de Plessen, 142.

Salt tax abolished, i., 296.

Sames, Colonel, ii., 94.

Schack-Rathlou, Councillor, ii., 95, 141.

Schimmelmann, Baron, i., 141 _n._;
his revolutionary project, ii., 273.

Seckendorf, Baron, acts as confidential agent between the Queen and
Wraxall, ii., 275.

Serfdom in Denmark, i., 296.

Söhlenthal, Baron, i., 198.

Sophia Frederika, Princess, ii., 324.

Sophia Magdalena, Queen-Dowager, i., 55;
fond of the King, 76;
her death, 226.

Sperling, page of the chamber, his vicious character, i., 58;
encourages the King in vice, 78;
superseded in the King's favour, 130;
dismissed, 142.

Stade, seaport, ii., 239.

Stampe, H., ii., 142.

Struensee, Adam, i., 193;
appointed a preacher at Altona, 195;
receives preferment in the Duchy of Holstein, 196.

Struensee, Charles Augustus, appointed to office, i., 291;
arrested, ii., 73;
banished, 214.

Struensee, John Frederick, i., 151;
his parentage, 193;
goes to Altona, 195;
as a writer, 196;
travelling physician to Christian VII., 199;
appointed his surgeon-in-ordinary, 202;
attends Matilda in her illness, 208;
his appearance and manner, 213;
inoculates the Crown Prince, 217;
given the title of Conferenzath, 218;
the Queen's evil genius, 219;
with the King and Queen in Schleswig and Holstein, 229;
recalls Brandt to court, 232;
his foreign policy, 250;
all-powerful favourite, 253;
at the head of affairs, 261;
keynote of his foreign policy, 265;
his ignorance of forms of etiquette, 271;
as Master of Requests, 280;
abolishes the Council of State, 281;
and the Danish nobility, 288;
and the clergy, 290;
a great reformer, 293;
his principal reforms, 294;
abolishes the Household Cavalry, 324;
appointed Privy Cabinet Minister, 332;
made a count, 335;
his coat of arms, 336;
his colleagues all false to him, ii., 2;
and the Norwegian sailors, 8;
plot against his life, 14;
his cowardice, 17;
dread of assassination, 36;
disbands the Foot Guards, 38;
their mutinous conduct, 39;
Rantzau heads conspiracy against him, 49;
the palace revolution, 63;
taken prisoner by the conspirators, 68;
conveyed to the citadel, 70;
bitter feeling against him, 96;
loaded with chains, 107;
examined by Commissioners, 135;
confession of guilt, 138;
conversion by Dr. Münter, 179;
his trial, 184;
condemned to death, 193;
his execution and horrible death, 202;
head stuck on a pole, 210.

Stürtz, Councillor, liberated, ii., 213.

Suhm the historian urges the Queen-Dowager into a conspiracy, ii.,
97;
his hatred of Struensee, 98.

Syon House, entertainment at, i., 159.

Texier, M. le, proposes to Wraxall a project for restoring the Queen,
ii., 273.

Thott, Count Otto, takes office, ii., 95;
president of the council, 105;
commissioned to examine the Queen, 141.

Titley, Walter, his career, i., 45 _n._

Traventhal Castle, i., 233.

Uhldahl, Commissioner, ii., 149;
defends the Queen, 159;
defends Struensee, 187.

Vilhelmine Marie, Princess, ii., 325.

Waldegrave, Dowager-Countess, i., 185;
marries the Duke of Gloucester, 186.

Wales, Augusta Princess of, her marriage, i., 2;
life at Kew, 6;
left a widow, 12;
treated kindly by the King, 15;
her children, 18, 22;
dislike to the Duke of Cumberland, 23;
leads a retired life, 25;
and Lord Bute, 27;
and Bubb Dodington, 30;
her character, 31, 115;
influence over her son George III., 36;
dislike to Christian VII., 157;
visits Brunswick, 244;
her unpopularity, 246;
meets Matilda at Lüneburg, 248;
they part in anger, 249;
her troubles and death, ii., 113.

Wales, Frederick Prince of, an account of, i., 1;
arrives in England, 2;
his marriage, 3;
in open opposition to the King, 4;
life at Kew, 6;
his friendship with Bolingbroke, 8;
as an author, 9;
his patriotism, 10;
death and character, 12;
buried in Westminster Abbey, 16;
his children, 18, 22.

Walmoden, Madame de, Countess of Yarmouth, i., 24.

Walpole, Horace, on Christian VII., i., 163.

Walpole, Sir Robert, i., 22.

Warnstedt, Chamberlain, dismissed, i., 292.

Whitefield, George, sermon on Matilda's marriage, i., 89.

Willebrandt, Councillor, liberated, ii., 213.

Wivet, Fiscal-General, receives the King's orders to prosecute
Struensee, ii., 184;
his charges against Count Brandt, 191.

Wraxall, Sir N. W., notice of, ii., 263;
visits Celle, 263;
introduced to Queen Matilda, 264;
proceeds to Hamburg, 267;
becomes an agent in the conspiracy to restore the Queen, 273;
his communications with the Queen, 275;
leaves for England, 281;
communicates with George III., 282;
articles in favour of the revolution assented to by George III.,
283;
returns to Celle, 284;
interviews with the Queen, 285;
returns to London and delivers his letters to Hinuber, 290;
learns the news of the Queen's death, 291;
receives 1,000 guineas for his services, 293.

Wyndham, Sir William, i., 8.

Yarmouth, Countess of. _See_ Walmoden.

York, Edward Duke of, i., 22;
his career and death, 132.

Zell. _See_ Celle.

THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED

_New and Cheaper Edition. 8vo., 12s. 6d. net
With Frontispiece and other Illustrations_

Caroline the Illustrious

Queen-Consort of George II. and sometime Queen-Regent

_A Study of her Life and Time_

BY
W. H. WILKINS, M.A., F.S.A.
AUTHOR OF "THE LOVE OF AN UNCROWNED QUEEN"

_In the Preface of this book the Author remarks that it is characteristic of the way in which historians have neglected the House of Hanover that no life with any claim to completeness has yet been written of Caroline of Ansbach, Queen-Consort of George the Second, and four times Queen-Regent. Yet, in his opinion, she was by far the greatest of our Queens-Consort, and wielded more authority over political affairs than any of our Queens-Regnant, with the exception of Elizabeth and, in quite another sense, Victoria. The ten years of George the Second's reign until her death would, Mr. Wilkins thinks, be more properly called "The Reign of Queen Caroline," since for that period she governed England with Walpole. And during those years the great principles of civil and religious liberty, which were then bound up with the maintenance of the Hanoverian dynasty upon the throne, were firmly established in England._

_LITERATURE._--"The book will sustain Mr. Wilkins's reputation as a student and exponent of history."

_PALL MALL GAZETTE._--"A book brimful of highly interesting and entertaining matter."

_SCOTSMAN._--"As a vivacious chronicle of those events which constitute the trimmings and the embroideries of serious history, Mr. Wilkins's work will rank as one of the most entertaining books on an interesting period."

_NOTTINGHAM DAILY GUARDIAN._--"The author's descriptions of life at Court during both reigns, and of such episodes as the rising of 1715 and the quarrel between George I. and his son, are full of vivid reading, and his sketches of Walpole, Bolingbroke, and other leading politicians are both adequate and fair."

_DAILY NEWS._--"The sketches of Court life and manners in the days of the first two Georges furnish the reader with abundant entertainment.... Mr. W. H. Wilkins may be congratulated upon the discovery of one illustrious Princess who, though she filled for a considerable period a very conspicuous and on the whole a worthy position in the annals of this country, has somehow escaped due biographical honours."

The "BARON DE BOOK WORMS" IN _PUNCH_.--"Brilliantly written, with every incident dramatically given, and with every important character duly weighed and valued, there is not a dull page in the entire work. It is, indeed, one of the most interesting, as it is one of the most delightful, of books, sparkling with the romance of real life that has engrossed the Baron's attentions this many a day. Those who have a lively recollection of _The Love of an Uncrowned Queen_ will be in no way disappointed with this new work by the same author."

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON
NEW YORK AND BOMBAY

_Classified Catalogue_

OF WORKS IN

GENERAL LITERATURE

PUBLISHED BY

LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E.C.
91 AND 93 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND 32 HORNBY ROAD, BOMBAY

CONTENTS.

PAGE

_BADMINTON LIBRARY (THE)_ 12

BIOGRAPHY, PERSONAL MEMOIRS, &c. 9

CHILDREN'S BOOKS 32

CLASSICAL LITERATURE, TRANSLATIONS, ETC. 22

COOKERY, DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT, &c. 36

EVOLUTION, ANTHROPOLOGY, &c. 21

FICTION, HUMOUR, &c. 25

FINE ARTS (THE) AND MUSIC 36

_FUR, FEATHER AND FIN SERIES_ 15

HISTORY, POLITICS, POLITY, POLITICAL MEMOIRS, &c. 3

LANGUAGE, HISTORY AND SCIENCE OF 20

LOGIC, RHETORIC, PSYCHOLOGY, &c. 17

MENTAL, MORAL, AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 17

MISCELLANEOUS AND CRITICAL WORKS 38

POETRY AND THE DRAMA 23

POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECONOMICS 20

POPULAR SCIENCE 30

RELIGION, THE SCIENCE OF 21

_SILVER LIBRARY (THE)_ 33

SPORT AND PASTIME 12

_STONYHURST PHILOSOPHICAL SERIES_ 19

TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE, THE COLONIES, &c. 11

WORKS OF REFERENCE 31

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND EDITORS.

_Page_

Abbott (Evelyn), 3, 19, 22
---- (J. H. M.), 3
---- (T. K.), 17, 18
---- (E. A.), 17
Acland (A. H. D.), 3
Acton (Eliza), 36
Adelborg (O.), 32
Æschylus, 22
Albemarle (Earl of), 13
Alcock (C. W.), 15
Allen (Grant), 30
Allgood (G.), 3
Alverstone (Lord), 15
Angwin (M. C.), 36
Annandale (N.), 21
Anstey (F.), 25
Aristophanes, 22
Aristotle, 17
Arnold (Sir Edwin), 11, 23
---- (Dr. T.), 3
Ashbourne (Lord), 3
Ashby (H.), 36
Ashley (W. J.), 3, 20
Atkinson (J. J.), 21
Avebury (Lord), 21
Ayre (Rev. J.), 31

Bacon, 9, 17
Bagehot (W.), 9, 20, 38
Bagwell (R.), 3
Bailey (H. C.), 25
Baillie (A. F.), 3
Bain (Alexander), 17
Baker (J. H.), 38
---- (Sir S. W.), 11, 12
Baldwin (C. S.), 17
Balfour (A. J.), 13, 21
Ball (John), 11
Banks (M. M.), 24
Baring-Gould (Rev. S.), 21, 38
Barnett (S. A. and H.), 20
Baynes (T. S.), 38
Beaconsfield (Earl of), 25
Beaufort (Duke of), 12, 13, 14
Becker (W. A.), 22
Beesly (A. H.), 9
Bell (Mrs. Hugh), 23
Bent (J. Theodore), 11
Besant (Sir Walter), 3
Bickerdyke (J.), 14, 15
Bird (G.), 23
Blackburne (J. H.), 15
Bland (Mrs. Hubert), 24
Blount (Sir E.), 9
Boase (Rev. C. W.), 6
Boedder (Rev. B.), 19
Bonnell (H. H.), 38
Booth (A. J.), 38
Bottome (P.), 25
Bowen (W. E.), 9
Brassey (Lady), 11
Bright (Rev. J. F.), 3
Broadfoot (Major W.), 13
Brooks (H. J.), 17
Brough (J.), 17
Brown (A. F.), 32
Bruce (R. I.), 3
Buckland (Jas.), 32
Buckle (H. T.), 3
Bull (T.), 36
Burke (U. R.), 3
Burne-Jones (Sir E.), 36
Burns (C. L.), 36
Burrows (Montagu), 6

Campbell (Rev. Lewis), 21
Casserly (G.), 3
Chesney (Sir G.), 3
Childe-Pemberton (W. S.), 9
Chisholm (G. C.), 31
Cholmondeley-Pennell (H.), 13
Christie (R. C.), 38
Churchill (Winston S.), 4, 25
Cicero, 22
Clarke (Rev. R. F.), 19
Climenson (E. J.), 10
Clodd (Edward), 21, 30
Clutterbuck (W. J.), 12
Cochrane (A.), 23
Cockerell (C. R.), 11
Colenso (R. J.), 36
Conington (John), 23
Conybeare (Rev. W. J.) & Howson (Dean), 33
Coolidge (W. A. B.), 11
Corbett (Julian S.), 4
Coutts (W.), 22
Cox (Harding), 13
Crake (Rev. A. D.), 32
Crawford (J. H.), 25
Creed (S.), 25
Creighton (Bishop), 4, 6, 9
Cross (A. L.), 5
Crozier (J. B.), 9, 17
Cutts (Rev. E. L.), 6

Dabney (J. P.), 23
Dale (L.), 4
Dallinger (F. W.), 5
Dauglish (M. G.), 9
Davenport (A.), 25
Davidson (A. M. C.), 22
---- (W. L.), 17, 20, 21
Davies (J. F.), 22
Dent (C. T.), 14
De Salis (Mrs.), 36
De Tocqueville (A.), 4
Devas (C. S.), 19, 20
Dewey (D. R.), 20
Dickinson (W. H.), 38
Dougall (L.), 25
Dowden (E.), 40
Doyle (Sir A. Conan), 25
Du Bois (W. E. B.), 5
Dunbar (Mary F.), 25
Dyson (E.), 26

Ellis (J. H.), 15
---- (R. L.), 17
Erasmus, 9
Evans (Sir John), 38

Falkiner (C. L.), 4
Farrar (Dean), 20, 26
Fite (W.), 17
Fitzmaurice (Lord E.), 4
Folkard (H. C.), 15
Ford (H.), 16
Fountain (P.), 11
Fowler (Edith H.), 26
Francis (Francis), 16
Francis (M. E.), 26
Freeman (Edward A.), 6
Fremantle (T. F.), 16
Frost (G.), 38
Froude (James A.), 4, 9, 11, 26
Fuller (F. W.), 5
Furneaux (W.), 30

Gardiner (Samuel R.), 5
Gathorne-Hardy (Hon. A. E.), 15, 16
Geikie (Rev. Cunningham), 38
Gibson (C. H.), 17
Gilkes (A. H.), 38
Gleig (Rev. G. R.), 10
Graham (A.), 5
---- (P. A.), 15, 16
---- (G. F.), 20
Granby (Marquess of), 15
Grant (Sir A.), 17
Graves (R. P.), 9
---- (A. F.), 23
Green (T. Hill), 17, 18
Greene (E. B.), 5
Greville (C. C. F.), 5
Grose (T. H.), 18
Gross (C.), 5
Grove (Lady), 11
---- (Mrs. Lilly), 13
Gurnhill (J.), 18
Gwilt (J.), 31

Haggard (H. Rider), 11, 26, 27, 38
Halliwell-Phillipps (J.), 10
Hamilton (Col. H. B.), 5
Hamlin (A. D. F.), 36
Harding (S. B.), 5
Hardwick (A. A.), 11
Harmsworth (A. C.), 13, 14
Harte (Bret), 27
Harting (J. E.), 15
Hartwig (G.), 30
Hassall (A.), 8
Haweis (H. R.), 9, 36
Head (Mrs.), 37
Heath (D. D.), 17
Heathcote (J. M.), 14
---- (C. G.), 14
---- (N.), 11
Helmholtz (Hermann von), 30
Henderson (Lieut.-Col. G. F. R.), 9
Henry (W.), 14
Henty (G. A.), 32
Higgins (Mrs. N.), 9
Hill (Mabel), 5
---- (S. C.), 5
Hillier (G. Lacy), 13
Hime (H. W. L.), 22
Hodgson (Shadworth), 18
Hoenig (F.), 38
Hoffmann (J.), 30
Hogan (J. F.), 9
Holmes (R. R.), 10
Homer, 22
Hope (Anthony), 27
Horace, 22
Houston (D. F.), 5
Howard (Lady Mabel), 27
Howitt (W.), 11
Hudson (W. H.), 30
Huish (M. B.), 37
Hullah (J.), 37
Hume (David), 18
---- (M. A. S.), 3
Hunt (Rev. W.), 6
Hunter (Sir W.), 6
Hutchinson (Horace G.), 13, 16, 27, 38

Ingelow (Jean), 23
Ingram (T. D.), 6

James (W.), 18, 21
Jameson (Mrs. Anna), 37
Jefferies (Richard), 38
Jekyll (Gertrude), 38
Jerome (Jerome K.), 27
Johnson (J. & J. H.), 39
Jones (H. Bence), 31
Joyce (P. W.), 6, 27, 39
Justinian, 18

Kant (I.), 18
Kaye (Sir J. W.), 6
Keary (C. F.), 23
Kelly (E.), 18
Kielmansegge (F.), 9
Killick (Rev. A. H.), 18
Kitchin (Dr. G. W.), 6
Knight (E. F.), 11, 14
Köstlin (J.), 10
Kristeller (P.), 37

Ladd (G. T.), 18
Lang (Andrew), 6, 13, 14, 16, 21, 22, 23, 27, 32, 39
Lapsley (G. T.), 5
Laurie (S. S.), 6
Lawrence (F. W.), 20
Lear (H. L. Sidney), 36
Lecky (W. E. H.), 6, 18, 23
Lees (J. A.), 12
Leighton (J. A.), 21
Leslie (T. E. Cliffe), 20
Lieven (Princess), 6
Lillie (A.), 16
Lindley (J.), 31
Locock (C. D.), 16
Lodge (H. C.), 6
Loftie (Rev. W. J.), 6
Longman (C. J.), 12, 16
---- (F. W.), 16
---- (G. H.), 13, 15
---- (Mrs. C. J.), 37
Lowell (A. L.), 6
Lucian, 22
Lutoslawski (W.), 18
Lyall (Edna), 27, 32
Lynch (G.), 6
---- (H. F. B.), 12
Lytton (Earl of), 24

Macaulay (Lord), 6, 7, 10, 24
Macdonald (Dr. G.), 24
Macfarren (Sir G. A.), 37
Mackail (J. W.), 10, 23
Mackenzie (C. G.), 16
Mackinnon (J.), 7
Macleod (H. D.), 20
Macpherson (Rev. H. A.), 15
Madden (D. H.), 16
Magnússon (E.), 28
Maher (Rev. M.), 19
Mallet (B.), 7
Malleson (Col. G. B.), 6
Marbot (Baron de), 10
Marchmont (A. W.), 27
Marshman (J. C.), 9
Maryon (M.), 39
Mason (A. E. W.), 27
Maskelyne (J. N.), 16
Matthews (B.), 39
Maunder (S.), 31
Max Müller (F.), 10, 18, 20, 21, 22, 27, 39
May (Sir T. Erskine), 7
Meade (L. T.), 32
Melville (G. J. Whyte), 27
Merivale (Dean), 7
Merriman (H. S.), 27
Mill (John Stuart), 18, 20
Millais (J. G.), 16, 30
Milner (G.), 40
Monck (W. H. S.), 19
Montague (F. C.), 7
Moore (T.), 31
---- (Rev. Edward), 17
Moran (T. F.), 7
Morgan (C. Lloyd), 21
Morris (W.), 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 37, 40
Mulhall (M. G.), 20
Murray (Hilda), 33
Myers (F. W. H.), 19

Nansen (F.), 12
Nash (V.), 7
Nesbit (E.), 24
Nettleship (R. L.), 17
Newman (Cardinal), 28
Nichols (F. M.), 9

Oakesmith (J.), 22
Ogilvie (R.), 22
Oldfield (Hon. Mrs.), 9
Osbourne (L.), 28

Packard (A. S.), 21
Paget (Sir J.), 10
Park (W.), 16
Parker (B.), 40
Payne-Gallwey (Sir R.), 14, 16
Pears (E.), 7
Pearse (H. H. S.), 6
Peek (Hedley), 14
Pemberton (W. S. Childe-), 9
Penrose (H. H.), 33
Phillipps-Wolley (C.), 12, 28
Pierce (A. H.), 19
Pole (W.), 17
Pollock (W. H.), 13, 40
Poole (W. H. and Mrs.), 36
Poore (G. V.), 40
Portman (L.), 28
Powell (E.), 7
Powys (Mrs. P. L.), 10
Praeger (S. Rosamond), 33
Pritchett (R. T.), 14
Proctor (R. A.), 16, 30, 35

Raine (Rev. James), 6
Ramal (W.), 24
Randolph (C. F.), 7
Rankin (R.), 8, 25
Ransome (Cyril), 3, 8
Reid (S. J.), 9
Rhoades (J.), 23
Rice (S. P.), 12
Rich (A.), 23
Richmond (Ennis), 19
Rickaby (Rev. John), 19
---- (Rev. Joseph), 19
Riley (J. W.), 24
Roberts (E. P.), 33
Robertson (W. G.), 37
Robinson (H. C.), 21
Roget (Peter M.), 20, 31
Romanes (G. J.), 10, 19, 21, 24
---- (Mrs. G. J.), 10
Ronalds (A.), 17
Roosevelt (T.), 6
Ross (Martin), 28
Rossetti (Maria Francesca), 40
Rotheram (M. A.), 36
Rowe (R. P. P.), 14
Russell (Lady), 10

Sandars (T. C.), 18
Sanders (E. K.), 9
Savage-Armstrong (G. F.), 25
Scott (F. J.), 8
Seebohm (F.), 8, 10
Selous (F. C.), 12, 17
Senior (W.), 13,15
Seton-Karr (Sir H.), 8
Sewell (Elizabeth M.), 28
Shadwell (A.), 40
Shakespeare, 25
Shaw (W. A.), 8
Shearman (M.), 12, 13
Sheehan (P. A.), 28
Sheppard (E.), 8
Sinclair (A.), 14
Skrine (F. H.), 9
Smith (C. Fell), 10
---- (R. Bosworth), 8
---- (T. C.), 5
---- (W. P. Haskett), 12
Somerville (E.), 28
Sophocles, 23
Soulsby (Lucy H.), 40
Southey (R.), 40
Spedding (J.), 9, 17
Spender (A. E.), 12
Stanley (Bishop), 31
Stebbing (W.), 28
Steel (A. G.), 13
Stephen (Leslie), 12
Stephens (H. Morse), 8
Sternberg (Count Adalbert), 8
Stevens (R. W.), 40
Stevenson (R. L.), 25, 28, 33
Storr (F.), 17
Stuart-Wortley (A. J.), 14, 15
Stubbs (J. W.), 8
---- (W.), 8
Suffolk & Berkshire (Earl of), 14
Sullivan (Sir E.), 14
Sully (James), 19
Sutherland (A. and G.), 8
---- (Alex.), 19, 40
Suttner (B. von), 29
Swinburne (A. J.), 19
Symes (J. E.), 20

Tait (J.), 7
Tallentyre (S. G.), 10
Tappan (E. M.), 33
Taylor (Col. Meadows), 8
Theophrastus, 23
Thomas (J. W.), 19
Thomson (H. C.), 8
Thornhill (W. J.), 23
Thornton (T. H.), 10
Thuillier (H. F.), 40
Todd (A.), 8
Tout (T. F.), 7
Toynbee (A.), 20
Trevelyan (Sir G. O.), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
---- (G. M.), 7, 8
---- (R. C.), 25
Trollope (Anthony), 29
Turner (H. G.), 40
Tyndall (J.), 9, 12
Tyrrell (R. Y.), 22, 23

Unwin (R.), 40
Upton (F. K. and Bertha), 33

Van Dyke (J. C.), 37
Vanderpoel (E. N.), 37
Virgil, 23

Wagner (R.), 25
Wakeman (H. O.), 8
Walford (L. B.), 29
Wallas (Graham), 10
---- (Mrs. Graham), 32
Walpole (Sir Spencer), 8, 10
---- (Horace), 10
Walrond (Col. H.), 12
Walsingham (Lord), 14
Ward (Mrs. W.), 29
Warner (P. F.), 17
Warwick (Countess of), 40
Watson (A. E. T.), 12, 13, 14
Weathers (J.), 40
Webb (Mr. and Mrs. Sidney), 20
---- (Judge T.), 40
---- (T. E.), 19
Weber (A.), 19
Weir (Capt. R.), 14
Wellington (Duchess of), 37
Wemyss (M. C. E.), 33
Weyman (Stanley), 29
Whately (Archbishop), 17, 19
Whitelaw (R.), 23
Whittall (Sir J. W.), 40
Wilkins (G.), 23
---- (W. H.), 10
Willard (A. R.), 37
Willich (C. M.), 31
Wood (Rev. J. G.), 31
Wood-Martin (W. G.), 22
Wotton (H.), 37
Wyatt (A. J.), 24
Wylie (J. H.), 8

Yeats (S. Levett), 29
Yoxall (J. H.), 29

Zeller (E.), 19

History, Politics, Polity, Political Memoirs, &c.

=Abbott.=--_A HISTORY OF GREECE._ By EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., LL.D.

Part I.--From the Earliest Times to the Ionian Revolt. Crown 8vo.,
10_s._ 6_d._

Part II.--500-445 B.C. Crown 8vo., 10_s._ 6_d._