Chapter I: Front Matter

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

* Italics are denoted by underscores as in _italics_, and small caps
are represented in upper case as in SMALL CAPS.

* Obvious printer errors have been silently corrected.

* Original spelling was kept, but variant spellings were made
consistent when a predominant usage was found.

* Errata and Notes on illustrations have been inserted into their
proper places in the text.

* To aid referencing places and names in present-day maps and
documents, outdated and current spellings of some proper names
follow:

Albaracin, now Albarracín,
Albondonates, now Algodonales,
Albuquerque, now Alburquerque,
Alcanizas, now Alcañices,
Alemtejo, now Alentejo,
Almanza, now Almansa,
Almunecar, now Almuñecar,
Araçena, now Aracena,
Arzobispo, now El Puente del Arzobispo,
Baccelar (Manuel), now Manuel Pinto de Morais Bacelar,
Ballasteros, now Ballesteros,
Barcellos, now Barcelos,
Baylen, now Bailén,
Boçaco, now Buçaco,
Bussaco, now Buçaco,
Cacabellos, now Cacabelos,
Caçeres, now Cáceres,
Calandriz, now Calhandriz,
Campredon, now Camprodón,
Cardadeu, now Cardedeu,
Compostella, now Compostela,
Cordova, now Córdoba,
Corunna, now La Coruña,
Dao, now Dão,
Daymiel, now Daimiel,
Deleytosa, now Deleitosa,
Despeña-Perros, now Despeñaperros,
Douro, now Duero (in Spain),
Douro (in Portugal),
El Moral, now Moral de Calatrava,
Estremadura, now Extremadura (in Spain),
Estremadura (in Portugal),
Golegão, now Golegã,
Guadalaviar (river), now Turia (río),
Guimaraens, now Guimarães,
La Baneza, now La Bañeza
La Bispal, now La Bisbal,
Loxa, now Loja,
Majorca, now Mallorca,
Meza, now Mesas de Ibor,
Momblanch, now Montblanch,
Nabao (river), now Nabão (río),
Ona (river), now Güeña (río),
Oña (river), now Oñar (río),
Palleresa, now Pallaresa,
Pampeluna, now Pamplona,
Ripol, now Ripoll,
Sabugoça, now Sabugosa
Santona, now Santoña,
Saragossa, now Zaragoza,
Senabria, now Sanabria,
Tagus (river), now Tajo (Spanish), Tejo (Portuguese),
Tajuna, now Tajuña,
Tondella, now Tondela,
Truxillo, now Trujillo,
Vierzo, now El Bierzo,
Villaharta, now Villarta de San Juan,
Vincente, now Vicente,
Vittoria, now Vitoria,
Xeres, now Jerez,

* Chapter headers and Table of contents have been made consistent.

* Footnotes have been renumbered into a single series. Each footnote
is placed at the end of the paragraph that includes its anchor.

* In p. 49, the anchor placement for footnote 52 is conjectured; no
anchor was found in the printed original.

* In pp. 202, 398 and 428, paragraphs have been broken at “(1)” for
a more natural presentation and an easier reading.

A HISTORY OF THE
PENINSULAR WAR

BY
CHARLES OMAN, M.A.
FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE
AND CHICHELE PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE REAL ACADEMIA
DE LA HISTORIA OF MADRID

VOL. III
SEPT. 1809-DEC. 1810
OCAÑA CADIZ BUSSACO TORRES VEDRAS

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1908

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK AND TORONTO