Chapter XXXI: Appendix: II

A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE KINGS AND RULERS OF SUMER AND AKKAD

I. THE EARLIEST RULERS OF SUMER AND AKKAD

+---------+-----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+ | Approx. | Kish, Opis, and Akkad.| Lagash. | Umma, Erech, and Ur.| | Dates | | | | +---------+-----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+ | | | | | | B.C. | | | | | | (Utug p.) | | | | | | | | | | Mesilim k. ...........| Lugal-shag-engur p.| | | | | | | | | (Urzage k.) | (Badu k.) | | | | | | | | | (Lugal-tarsi k.) | (Enkhegal k.) | | | | | | | | 3000 | | Ur-Ninâ k., | | | | | Akurgal p., | | | | | | | | | Al[...] k. of Kish; } | Eannatum p. and k..| {Ush p. | | 2900 | and Zuzu k. of Opis. | | {Enakalli p., | | | | | | | | | Enannatum I. p., ..| {Urlumma | | | | Entemena p., ......| {Ili | | 2850 | | Enannatum II. p. | | | | | Enetarzi p. | | | | | Enlitarzi p., | | | | | Lugal-anda p. | Ukush p., | | 2800 | | Urukagina k. ......| Lugal-zaggisi k. of | | | (Enbi-Ishtar k.) | | Erech and Sumer | | | | | (Lugal-kigub-nidudu | | | | | k. of Erech and Ur)| | | | | (Lugal-kisalsi k. | | | | | of Erech and Ur) | | | _Dynasty of Kish._ | | (Enshagkushanna | | | | | lord of Sumer) | | 2750 | Sharru-Gi k. | | | | 2700 | Manishtusu k. ........| | | | | Urumush [or Rimush] k.| Engilsa p. ........| Kur-shesh p. of Umma| | 2650 | _Dynasty of Akkad_ | | | | | [see Table II.] | | | +---------+-----------------------+--------------------+---------------------+

II. THE DYNASTY OF AKKAD AND ITS SUCCESSORS

+---------+---------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+ | Approx. | Akkad. | Lagash. | Umma and Ur. | | Dates | | | | +---------+---------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+ | | | | | | B.C. | | | | | | _Dynasty of Akkad._ | _Patesis of Lagash._ | | | | | | | | 2650 | Shar-Gani-sharri,} | | | | | }..| Lugal-ushumgal | | | 2600 | Narâm-Sin } | Ur-Babbar | | | | | (Ur-E) | | | | | (Lugal-bur) | | | | | | | | 2550 | | (Basha-mama) | | | | | (Ur-mama) | | | | | (Ug-me) | | | | | | | | | | Ur-Bau | | | 2500 | | Nammakhui | | | | | Ur-gar | | | | | (Ka-azag) | | | | | (Galu-Bau) | | | | | (Galu-Gula) | | | | | (Ur-Ninsun) |(Galu-Babbar | | | | | p. of Umma) | | 2450 | | Gudea, | | | | | Ur-Ningirsu | | | | | [probably survived | | | | | into Dungi's reign | | | | | see Table III.] ...| _Dynasty of Ur_ | +---------+---------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+

EXPLANATORY NOTE.--p. = patesi; k. = king; a comma after a ruler's name indicates that he was succeeded by his son. A dotted line (......) joins the names of rulers who are proved to have been contemporaries; the position of names within parentheses is conjectural. In Table I., Col. II. the rulers belong to Kish, and in Col. IV. to Umma, unless otherwise stated. In Table III. (see p. 362) the figures which follow the name of a king represent the number of years he ruled.

III. THE KINGDOM OF SUMER AND AKKAD

+---------+--------------------------------+-------------------+--------------------+ | Approx. | Summer and Akkad | Lagash. | Umma, Larsa, etc. | | Dates | | | | +---------+--------------------------------+-------------------+--------------------+ | | | | | | | Dynasty of Ur (117 or 119 yrs. | Patesis of Lagash.| | | | | | | | | YEARS. | | | | | Ur-Engur, (18) ...........| {Ur-Ningirsu | | | 2400 | | {Ur-abba | | | | | | | | | | {Galu-kazal | | | | | {Galu-andul | | | | Dungi, (58) ...........| {Ur-Lama I. .....| Ur-nesu p. of Umma | | 2350 | | {Alla | | | | Bûr-Sin I., (9)}.......... | {{Ur-Lama II. | | | | Gimil-Sin, (7 or 9)} | {[......]-kam | | | | Ibi-Sin (25)}...........| Arad-Nannar | | | | | | | | | Dynasty of Isin (225 1/2 yrs.) | | | | | | | | | 2300 | Ishbi-Ura, (32) | | | | | Gimil-ilishu, (10) | | | | 2250 | Idin-Dagan, (21) | | | | | Ishme-Dagan, (20) | | | | | Libit-Ishtar (11) | | | | 2200 | Ur-Ninib, (28) | | Gungunu k. of Larsa| | | Bûr-Sin II., (21) | | | | | Itêr-kasha (5) | | | | 2150 | Ura-imitti (7) | | | | | Sin-ikisha (1/2) | | | | | Enlil-bani (24) | | | | | Zambia (3) | | | | | [...........] (5) | | (Sumu-ilu k. of Ur)| | | Ea-[.....] (4) | | | | 2100 | Sin-magir, (11) | | | | | Damik-ilishu (23) | | | +---------+--------------------------------+-------------------+--------------------+

INDEX

Aa, gifts to
Abba-dugga
Abi-ishar, seal of
Abû Habba, site of Sippar
excavations at
objects and inscriptions from
Abû Hatab, site of Kisurra
excavations at
plan of
inscribed brick from
contracted burials at
Abû Khuwâsîj
Abû Shahrain, site of Eridu
excavations at; plan of
Abydos
recent diggings at
Abyssinia
Abzu-banda
Abzu-ega
Accounts, tablets of
Achaemenian kings
Adab, site of
excavations at
in relation to Euphrates
its commercial relations with Lagash
destruction of
_see also_ Bismâya
Adamdun, situation of
patesis of
Adda-Pakshu, sukkal of Elam
tablets from period of
Addatur
Adhem
Aegean, sites
Asiatic coast of
sea-rovers of
Aegean culture, stages of
its early connection with Egypt
traces of Babylonian influence in
wild comparisons between Aegean and Babylonian art
Aenragin
'Afej marshes
Agade, older name of Akkad
site of
Sargon of
_see_ Akkad
Agathias
Agia Paraskevi
Aha, mastaba-tomb of
'Akarkûf
Akhush
Akkad, city, site of
early centre of Semitic settlement
in relation to Kish
in relation to Elam
"sons," or citizens, of
siege of
Dynasty of
in relation to the Dynasty of Ur
kings of Sumer and
Akkad, land, limits of
name of
inhabitants of
Semitic immigration into
system of land tenure in
influence of art of
early relations with Elam
cultural connections with Elam
Akkadian, the Semitic speech of Babylonia
Akkadians, the Semitic inhabitants of Northern Babylonia
former use of the term
Akkadû
Akki
Akurgal, patesi of Lagash
sculptured figures of
in chronological table
Al[...], king of Kish
in chronological table
Al-Batîha
Al-Gimil-Sin, "the City of Gimil-Sin"
Aliakhu
Alla, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Alla, resident in Lagash
Alloys, evidence as to use of
Alluvium, limit of Babylonian
Alu-usharshid, a former reading of the name Urumush or Rimush
Amageshtin, temple of
Amal, temple of
Amananu, governor of Sippar
Amanus
Amat-Bati
Amattar-sirsirra
Ambar Su
Amiaud, Arthur
Ammi-zaduga
Amorite invasion, disproved in reign of Libit-Ishtar
Amurru (Martu), a West Semitic god
Amurru, the Western Semites
origin of
Amurru, the Western Land
Sargon's conquest of
its king deported
slaves from
relation of kings of Isin to
Babylonian influence in and beyond
Ana; _see also_ Anu
Anatolia
Anau, excavations at
potsherds from
terra-cotta figurines from
wheat and barley found in earliest stratum at
Andrae, W.
Anikurra
Animal cults, Egyptian
Animal forms, Sumerian treatment of
Animal motives, on Elamite painted pottery
on proto-Elamite seal-impressions
Anita
Anshan, its conquest by Manishtusu
its conquest by Gudea
alliance of Dungi's daughter with the patesi of
its conquest by Dungi
officials for
a patesi of
captivity of Ibi-Sin in
its success against Ur
its defeat by Anu-mutabil
Antasurra
Antimony
Anu
_see also_ Ana
Anu-banini, king of Lulubu
Anu-mutabil, governor of Dêr
Anunitu
Anunpad
Anzanite inscriptions
Apirak
Apil-Sin, contracts of reign of
Arabesque pattern, on Sumerian sealing
Arabia
Arabian desert
Arad-Nannar, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Archers, in the army of Ur
Architect, Gudea as
Archive-chambers, at Tello
Ark, of bulrushes
Armanu
Art, comparison of early Sumerian
and Akkadian
of Kish and Akkad
Arua
Asar, Osiris
Asari, Sumerian god
Ashnunnak, or Tupliash
under Manishtusu
patesis of
Ashukhu-wood
Ashur
Ashur-bani-pal
tablets from Library of
Asia Minor
Central
Askhabad
Asphalt; _see also_ Bitumen
Asses, for chariots
House of the
Assyria
Assyrian kings, their policy of deportation
Assyrians, sculpture of
omen-literature of
Astrological texts
Asukhur Canal
Axe, Sumerian form of
Az
Azupirânu

Bab el-Mandeb, Straits of
Babbar
Babishue
Babylon
excavations at
pot-burials and early remains at
Sargon's buildings at
Dungi's sack of
in relation to the Dynasty of Isin
rise of
in relation to the Dynasty of the Sea-country
her struggle with Larsa
her position in later history
Babylonia, in the Neolithic period
relics of prehistoric culture in
her early cultural influence
in relation to Egypt
in relation to Elam
in the West
Babylonian Chronicle
Babylonian Monarchy, foundation of
Bad-mada
Badu, king of Lagash
in chronological table
Baga
Baghdad
Bahr Nejef
Banar
Banks, E. J.
Barakhsu
Baraz-sîrim, Field of
Barges, for grain
Barkiba
Barley
in earliest stratum at Anau
Barnamtarra, wife of Lugal-anda
Barsagannudu
Barshib
Basalla
Basar
Basha-mama, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Basha-Shushinak, patesi of Susa
period of
proto-Elamite inscriptions of
Basime
Bas-reliefs, Sumerian
early Semitic
Assyrian
Battle-axe, Sumerian use of the
of Narâm-Sin
Battle-mace
Battle-scenes
Bau
temples of
bowls dedicated to
representation of
Bau-ninam, official of Ur-Ningirsu
Bavian
Baz, Field of
Bazuzu, father of Utug
Bead-making, Egyptian art of
Bedouin custom
Bêl, name of
the god Marduk
Belaku, patesi of Ashnunnak
Beleous
Beletaras
Beli-arik, patesi of Susa
Berber dialects
Berossus
Dynasties of
Berthelot, M. P. E.
Bezold, Prof. C.
Bi-Gani-sharri
Bilâdhuri
Bilingual compositions
Bin-Gani-sharri, son of Narâm-Sin
Bint el-Mderre
Birs, site of Borsippa
Bismâya, site of Adab
excavations at
character of buildings uncovered at
Bitumen
"Black-headed ones"
Blau monuments
Boat-inspectors
Boats, for transport
Body-paint
Boeotia, Neolithic potsherds from
Boissier, A.
Borsippa; excavations at
Bosanquet, Prof. R. C.
Boundary-ditch, between Lagash and Umma
of Ur-Engur
_see also_ Frontier
Boundary-stones
Bow, introduced by the Semites
of Narâm-Sin
adopted by Dungi
Breasted, Prof. J. H.
Breccia
Bricks, of Sumer
character of Babylonian
plano-convex
change in size of
manufacture of
stamped with figure of Imgig
origin of the Egyptian brick
Brick-stamps
Bronze, evidence with regard to
later Elamite work in
Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis
Bull-monsters, proto-Elamite
Bulls, as offerings
copper figures of
human-headed
Bûr-Sin I., king of Ur, reign of
expeditions of
buildings of
in relation to Enlil
statue of
his deification and cult
his survival as a deity in the Moon-god's suite
in chronological table
Bûr-Sin II., king of Isin
in chronological table
Burial, of the dead
different forms of
after battle
Egyptian and Babylonian fashions of
earliest Susian form of
Burial fees
Burial-mounds, after battle
Burrows, Prof. R. M.
Buwârîya

Canals
Canopic branch, of the Nile
Cappadocia
prehistoric pottery from
Caravan-routes, from the Iranian plateau
Carnegie Institution, of Washington

Caspian
Casting, in metal
Cattle, transport of
Cedar, remains of pillars of
Cedar-groves, sacred
Cemeteries, in Upper Egypt
Central Arabia
Central Asia
Cesnola, General di
Chamberlain, royal
Chariots, of war
representation of a
Chialy Effendi
China
Chinese
Chinese Turkestan
Chronicle, the Babylonian
of Sargon and Narâm-Sin
concerning early Babylonian kings
Dynastic, from Nippur
Chronicles, Hebrew Books of
Chronological table, of kings and rulers of Sumer and Akkad
Chronology, classes of data for determining
Babylonian
of the later Sumerian period
Chicago, Exploration Fund of the University of
Chieftains, meeting of
Chipiez, Charles
Cilician Gates
Citadel Tell, at Susa
Cities, in Babylonia
origin of
communication between
City-gods, origin and development of
description of a
position of
in relation to the patesi
disputes between
City-states, development of
wars of the
weakening and decay of the
Clay, Prof. A. T.
Clay tablet, borrowed by Elam
introduced into Cappadocia
reached Crete
Climatic changes, a cause of racial migrations
Clothing, Sumerian and Semitic
Code, of Hammurabi
Sumerian origin of
of Gudea
_see also_ Laws
Codes, legal
Colour-dishes, for face or body-paint
Commercial intercourse, in Babylonia
with foreign countries
Conch-shells, cylinders and plaques from
Cones, votive
of copper
coloured
historical
Confiscation, Sumerian laws against
Constantinople
Contract tablets
Contracted burial, Sumerian practice of
Convoys, early service of
Copper, Babylonian evidence with regard to
objects from Fâra
from Kimash
lance of
known to predynastic Egyptians
its displacement of flint in Egypt
effect of Egyptian skill in working
Copper-mines, in Elam
Corn, tribute of
fees of
_see also_ Grain
_Corvée_
Couriers
Court, expenses of the
Crenelated buildings, Egyptian and Sumerian
Crenelation, in walls of early Egyptian buildings
Crete, traces of Babylonian culture in
parallels between cultures of Elam and
Cros, Commandant Gaston
Cruciform monument, from Sippar
Cult-centres
Cult-images
Cults, survival of Sumerian
Cuneiform writing, invention of
the Sumerian form the parent of other systems
Cupbearers
Cuq, Prof. Edouard
Curium
Cutha
centre of Nergal's cult
Cylinders, of Gudea
Cylinder-seal, early migrations of the
introduced into Babylonia by Sumerians
possible Egyptian evolution of the
earliest form of
Cylinder-seals, engraving of
composite monsters on
official use of
Sumerian
early Semitic or Akkadian
Egyptian
Cypriote
Cyro-Cappadocian and Hittite
Cretan
Cyprus, prehistoric pottery of
its alleged conquest by Sargon of Agade
inadequate evidence for the theory
extent of Babylonian influence in

Dada, patesi of Shuruppak
Dada, magician
Dagan
Daggers, Sumerian
engraved panels from handles of
Damgalnunna, temple of
Damik-ilishu, king of Isin
in chronological table
Date-formulæ
Date-lists
Dates, trade in
Dâti-Enlil, father of Shar-Gani-sharri
Dating, methods of
De Clercq Collection
De la Fuÿe, Col. Allotte
De Lancy, Barré
De Morgan, J.
De Sarzec, E.
Dead, treatment of the
Egyptian worship of the
Decadence, in Sumerian art
Deification, of early Babylonian kings
effect of
origin of
Deir
Deke
Delitzsch, Prof. Friedrich
Delta, Egyptian
Demonology
Deportation, policy of
Dêr
Dhorme, Père Paul
Diarbekr
Dilbat
Dilmun
Diorite
from Magan
Disk, from Phaestos
Divination, by oil
Diviners, professional
Divorce, fees for
abuse of
Dîwânîya
Diyala
Door-sockets
Dorians
Doves, as offerings
Dragons, in Sumerian art
Drainage, systems of
Dreams, of Eannatum; of Gudea
Dress
Drill, in engraving
Droop, J. P.
Dubâ'i
Dudu, official at Ur-Ninâ's court
Dudu, chief priest of Ningirsu under Entemena
perforated block of
Duerst, Dr. J. Ulrich
Dugru, of Ningirsu
Dumuzi-abzu
Dun-..., patron deity of Ur-Ninâ's dynasty
Dungi, king of Ur, policy of
empire of
his adoption of the bow
Elamite campaigns of
provincial administration of
buildings of
copper cone of
deification of
cult of
in chronological table

Dungi-Babbar, 295
Dunpae, 299
Dunshagga, 109, 181, 267;
temples to, 185, 264
Dûr-ilu, former reading of the name of Der, 226
Dûr-Sharrukîn, 217
Dûr-Sin, 206
Dynastic Chronicle, from Nippur, 59, 63, 279 f., 303,
308 f., 311 f., 315
Dynastic Egyptians, 323
Dynastic lists, 59
Dynasties, Babylonian, 62 f.

E-abzu, king of Umma
E-anna, in Erech
in Lagash
E-babbar, in Sippar
in Larsa
in Lagash
E-ditar-kalama
E-engur
E-khalbi
E-kharsag
E-kur
E-meslam
E-meteursagga
E-ninnû
earliest mention of
remains of
E-pa
E-patutila
E-sagila
E-salgilsa
E-silsirsir
E-ulmash
Ea; see Enki
Ea-[...], king of Isin
in chronological table
Ea-bani, figures identified with
Eagle, as emblem
lion-headed
Eannatum, patesi of Lagash
reign of
conquests of
character of
titles of
buildings and canals of
well of
representations of
in chronological table
Ebarti, Elamite dynasty of
Eclipse
Edfu
legend of
Egypt, Palaeolithic and Neolithic remains in
recent excavations on early sites in
early cultural connections with Babylonia
suggested relations with Elam
early influence in Syria
connection with Hittite culture
with the Aegean
hypothetical Semitic invasion of Upper
granaries of
Egyptian culture
legends
language
religion, Semitic element in
writing, origin of
Egyptians, Neolithic and predynastic
early dynastic
Ekikala
El-Hibba, excavations at
inscriptions from
El-Katr
El-Ohêmir, site of Kish
Elam, prehistoric peoples of
prehistoric pottery of
early cultural relations with Babylonia
suggested cultural parallels with Egypt
with Crete
frontier of
defeated by Eannatum
defeated by Lu-enna
relations of Manishtusu with
conquered by Urumush
relations of Sargon and Narâm-Sin with
commercial intercourse with
early Semitic immigration into
Gudea's campaign in
Dungi's conquest and administration of
under the later kings of Ur
defeated by Anu-mutabil
Elamite invasions
copper mines in
craftsmen from
patesis of
governors of
sukkals of
sculpture and metal-work of
Elamite titles
Elamites
Embalming, of the dead
Emblems, sacred
of Ningirsu
of a goddess
of Lagash
of a city
Elamite origin of certain Babylonian
Enakalli, patesi of Umma
successor of
in chronological table
Enannatum I., patesi of Lagash
titles of
in chronological table
Enannatum II., patesi of Lagash
raid of Elamites in reign of
in chronological table
Enannatum, chief priest of the Moon-god at Ur
Enbi-Ishtar, king of Kish
racial character of, 53; in chronological table
Enbu-ilum
Enetarzi, patesi of Lagash
letter to
in chronological table
Engilsa, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Engraving, of stone, shell, etc.
of metal
Eniggal, royal steward; sealings of
Enkhegal, king of Lagash
in chronological table
Enki
his temple in Eridu
his temple in Girsu
Enkigal
Enkomi
Enlil
his temple at Nippur
his temple in Lagash
frontier shrine to
canal dedicated to
name of
Enlil-bani, king of Isin
in chronological table
Enlitarzi, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Enlulim
Enshagkushanna, lord of Sumer
in chronological table
Ensignun
Entemena, patesi of Lagash
reign of
silver vase of
cone of
in chronological table
Enzu
Eponym Lists
Erech
excavations at
_see also_ Warka
Eridu
excavations at
see also Abû Shahrain Erinda
Erythraean Sea
Esar, king of Adab
Estates, purchase of
Euphrates, names of
changes in course of
contrasted with Tigris
period of high water in
at Nippur
Evans, Dr. Arthur
Excavations, in Sumer and Akkad
in Egypt
in Persia
in Turkestan
Eyes, of statues

Face-paint
Falûja
Fâra, site of Shuruppak
excavations at
plan of
discoveries at
objects from
Fees, priestly
of diviners
of the grand vizir and patesi
for divorce
Fetish emblems
Figurines, of terra-cotta
in precious metals
Fire-necropoles, so-called
Fish, as offerings
Fisher, C. S.
Fishery inspectors
Fish-men
Fish-ponds
sacred
Flint-knapping
Flints, Egyptian
Flute-player, to Ningirsu
Forced labour
_see also_ Slaves
Fossey, Prof. Charles
Foucart, G.
Foundation-figures
Foundation-offerings
Fresnel, F.
Frontier-ditches
Frontier-shrines
Funeral rites

Galalim, 185, 264, 267
Galu-andul, patesi of Lagash, 296;
in chronological table, 362
Galu-Babbar, patesi of Umma, 23, 258;
in chronological table, 361
Galu-Bau, patesi of Lagash, 255, 257;
in chronological table, 361
Galu-Gula, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Galu-kazal, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Gankhar
Garments, Sumerian and Semitic
as fees
trade in
Garstang, Prof. J.
Gatumdug
Gautier, J.-E.
Geikie, Sir Archibald
Geikie, Prof. James
Genouillac, H. de
Geometric designs, on pottery
Geshtin-anna
Ghiaur Kala
Gifts, accompanying the sale of land
Gigunû
Gikana, of Ninmakh
Gilding, of carved stone objects
Gilgamesh, figures identified with
epic of
Gimdunpae, wife of Gudea
Gimil-ilishu, king of Isin
in chronological table
Gimil-Sin, king of Ur
reign of
cult of
in chronological table
Ginarbaniru
Girnun
Girsu, a division of Lagash
temples in
House of
wall of
canal of
Gisha
Gishkhu, Gishukh, former readings of the name of Umma
Gladstone, Dr. J. H.
Gods, racial character of Sumerian
earliest Babylonian
Sumerian and Egyptian
symbols for Egyptian
Gold, despatch of
Gold-dust
Grain, as tribute
fees of
trade in
value of land reckoned in
Grain-barges
Granary-inspectors
Grand vizir, seal of
Graves, at Fâra
at Surgliul and El-Hibba
at Abû Hatab
at Mukayyar
at Warka
at Babylon
at Susa
at Mussian
in Egypt
_see also_ Burial
Greece
Greek civilization
Greek cross
Greeks
Grove, sacred
Gu-edin, sacred land of Ningirsu
its freedom from taxation
divisions of
Stele of
Gubi
Gubin
Gudea, patesi of Lagash
reign of
date of
buildings of
monuments of
statutes of
seal of
cylinders of
sculpture of the period of
character of
deification of
cult of
in chronological table
Gula
Gungunu, king of Ur
in chronological table
Gunidu, father of Ur-Ninâ
Gursar, grandfather of Ur-Ninâ
Gutebu
Gutiu
slaves from

Hadadnadinakhe, palace of
Haematite, for face-paint
Hagios Onuphrios
Hair, treatment of the
Halbherr, Prof.
Halévy, J.
Hall, H. R.
Hammâm
Hammurabi
Harp, Sumerian form of
Harpoon, Egyptian kingdom of the
Harran
Head-dresses, forms of divine
Hearst Expedition
Hebrews
Helm, Otto
Helmets, Sumerian
of Narâm-Sin
Hepatoscopy, Sumerian origin of
Herodotus
Hêtime
Heuzey, Léon
Hieroglyphs, Egyptian
Hittite
Minoan
on Phaestos disk
Hilla
Hilprecht, Prof. H. V.
Hît
Hittite culture
cylinder-seals
script
power
Hogarth, D. G.
Hommel, Prof. Fritz
Honey, for embalming
Horse, introduction of the
Horus
Hoschander, J.
Hrozný, F.
Huber, E.
Hulvan
Human-headed bulls
Hunger, J.
Huntington, Ellsworth
Huntsman, in suite of Semitic prince
Hyksos

Iamutbal
Ibalpel, patesi of Ashnunnak
Ibalum
Ibi-Sin, king of Ur
in chronological table
Ibla
Ibn Rusta
Ibn Serapion
Ibni-sharru, seal of
Idin-Dagan, king of Isin
in chronological table
Idin-ilu, patesi of Kisurra
Ikhi
Ili, patesi of Umma
in chronological table
Ili-Urumush
Ilishma
Ilsu-rabi, patesi of Basime
Ilu-bani
Iluma-ilu
Imagery, in Sumerian art
Imgig, the lion-headed eagle of Ningirsu
Impae
Imprecations
Indian Ocean
Indo-Europeans
Inlaying
Inspectors, Sumerian
Invocations
Iran
Iranian plateau
Iron
Irrigation, in Babylonia and Egypt
methods of
oxen for
Ishbi-Ura, king of Isin
in chronological table
Ishkun-Sin
Ishme-Dagan, king of Isin
in chronological table
Ishnunuk, Anzanite form of the name Ashnunnak
Ishtar
Isin, in Sumer
the Dynasty of
racial character of the kings of
relation of its dynasty to that of Babylon
Isis
Itaddu I., patesi of Susa
Itaddu II,, patesi of Susa
Iter-kasha, king of Isin
in chronological table
Itûr-Shamash
Ivory
Izinum, seal of

Jastrow, Prof. Morris
Jensen, Prof. P.
Jéquier, G.
Jewellery, Elamite
Jidr
Jôkha, site of Umma
plan of
cones from
tablets from

Ka-azag, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ka-azag, father of Ninkagina
Kadi, 101; temple of
Kagalad
Kal-Rukhuratir, patesi of Susa
Kal-Uli, ancestor of Kuk-Nashur
Kalki, seal of
Kanizi, early official of Shuruppak
Kara-Uyuk, pottery from
tablets from
Kardaka
Karkar
Kashtubila, of Kazallu
Kassite Dynasty, of Babylon
period
Kassites
Kazallu
Kengi
Ker Porter, Sir R.
Kerkha
Kermanshah
Kesh
Khâbûr
Khakhu
Khala-Lama, daughter of Galu-khazal
Khaladda, patesi of Shuruppak
Khamasi
Khamazi
Kharakene, kingdom of
Kharshi, Kharishi
Khashkhamer, patesi of Ishkun-Sin
Khegir
Khenda
Khotan
Khukhnuri, Khukhunuri
Khuluppu-trees
Khummatur, possible reading of the name Lummadur
Khumurti
Khunnini, patesi of Kimash
Khurshitu, site of
Khutran-tepti, Elamite dynasty of
Ki-babbar
Ki-uri
Ki-urra
Kiab
Kianki
Kids, fees of
Kilulla, seal of
Kimash
King, early signification of the title
Kingi
Kings, deification of
Babylonian list of
Kinunir
Kirman
Kisâri, king of Gankhar
Kish, site of
earliest kings of
Sumerian victories over
later kingdom of
deification of kings of
purchase of land at
commercial relations with Lagash
under Sumu-abu
Kisurra, site of
excavations at
destruction of
brick from
_see also_ Abû Hatab
Knives, panels from handles of
Knossos
Koldewey, Dr. Robert
Komorof, Gen.
Kopet Dagh
Koptos
Kubâdh I.
Kudur-Nankhundi, king of Elam
Kudurru-inscriptions
Kûfa
Kugler, F. X.
Kuk-Kirmesh, sukkal of Elam
Kuk-Nashur, or Kukka-Nasher, sukkal of Elam
Kur-shesh, patesi of Umma
in chronological table
Kurdistan
Kurgans, at Anau
Kurna
Kût el-'Amâra
Kutir-Nakhkhunte
Kutû
Kuyunjik
painted pottery from
Neolithic settlement at

Lagash
name and site of
excavations at
destruction of
early history of
under Eannatum and his successors
sack of
under Erech and Ur
under Semitic domination
later rulers of
in the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad
under the Dynasty of Ur
emblem of
_see also_ Tello
Lagrange, Père M. J.
Lament on the fall of Lagash
Lampre, G.
Lance, votive
Lance-bearers, Sumerian
Land, system of tenure
purchase of
Langdon, S.
Lankuku
Lapis-lazuli
Larsa, site of
excavations at
as cult-centre
history of
see also Senkera Lasirab, king of Gutiu
Laws, Sumerian
of Urukagina
of Hammurabi
of Ninâ and Ningirsu
of the Sun-god
_see also_ Code
Le Strange, G.
Lebanon
Legends, Sumerian
Semitic
Egyptian
of Sargon
Legge, F.
Lehmann-Haupt, Prof. C. F.
Letters, royal
earliest example of a
Libations
Libation-vase
Libation-water
Libit-Ishtar, king of Isin
in chronological table
Libit-Ishtar, governor of Sippar
Libyan settlers, in Egypt
Lidda, child of Ur-Ninâ
sex of
Likhatcheff, M.
Limestone, inlaying with
Line-characters
Lion, in decoration
Lion-headed eagle, of Ningirsu
Lipum, patesi of Anshan
Lipush-Iau
Literature, influence of Sumerian
Liver-omens
Loan-words
Loaves, fees of
as offerins
Lóczy, Prof. de
Loess
Loftus, W. K.
Loin-cloth, Semitic
Lower Egypt
Lower Sea, the Persian Gulf
Lower World; see also Underworld
Lu-enna, priest of Ninmar, letter from
Lugunutur, wife of Enlitarzi
Lugal-anda, patesi of Lagash
sealings of
full name of
in chronological table
Lugal-andanushuga; _see_ Lugal-anda
Lugal-bur, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Lugal-ezen
Lugal-ezendug, patesi of Nippur
Lugal-kigub-nidudu, king of Erech and Ur
in chronological table
Lugal-kisalsi, king of Erech and Ur
in chronological table
Lugal-kurdub
Lugal-magurri, patesi of Ur and commander of the fortress
Lugal-me
Lugal-shag-engur, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Lugal-sisa
Lugal-tarsi, king of Kish
in chronological table
Lugal-uru
temple of
Lugal-ushumgal, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Lugal-zaggisi, king of Erech
his sack of Lagash
reign of
his western expedition
in chronological table
Lulubu
Luminadimdug Canal
Lummagirnunta Canal
Lupad
Lyre-player, to the Moon-god

Mace-heads, in Babylonia and Egypt
of Mesilim
of Shar-Gani-sharri
of Lasirab
of Gudea
supports for ceremonial
Maciver, Prof. D. Randall
Madga
Madka
Magan
Ma'er, Mari
Magician, royal
Makhar
Makkan
Mal-Amîr
Malachite, for face-paint
Managers, of estates
Manishdussu, Manishduzzu, Anzanite forms of the name Manishtusu
Manishtusu, king of Kish
campaigns of
obelisk of
statues of
cruciform monument probably to be assigned to
date of
in chronological table
Mannu-dannu, prince of Magan
Mantle, Sumerian
Map, Babylonian, of the world
Mâr-Ishtar, seal of
Marad
Mardin
Marduk
origin of emblem of
Mari; _see_ Ma'er
Markharshi
Marsh, of Ninkharsag
Martu (Amurru), a West Semitic god
Masiam-Ishtar
Maspero, Prof. G.
Mash-Shuruppak, early official of Shuruppak
Mastaba-tomb, of Aha
Mat-burials
Mat-weaving, Egyptian
Median Wall
Mediterranean, culture
Lugal-zaggisi's expedition to
Sargon and the
Gudea's supplies from
Gimil-Sin and the
Meissner, Prof. B.
Melukhkha
Memphis
Mena
Ménant, J.
Menêdir
Menua
Menudgid
Minoan hieroglyphs
Merv
oasis of
Mes
Mesalim, son of Manishtusu
Mesandu, slaves dedicated to
Mesilim, king of Kish
in chronological table
Meslamtaea
temple to
Mesniu
Mesopotamia
Messengers, royal
Messerschmidt, L.
Metal-casting, Sumerian
Egyptian
Elamite
Metal-work, engraved
Meyer, Prof. Edouard
Migrations, causes of
Minotaurs
Mishime
Mjelli
Mongols
Monsters, in Sumerian art
Moon-god
dress of the
_see also_ Enzu, Nannar, Sin
Moon-cult
Mosaic legislation
Mother-of-pearl
Moulds, for casting
for bricks
Mukayyar, site of Ur
excavations at
plan of
contracted burials at
inscriptions from
Mummification
Muninnikurta
Murîk-Tidnim, the Wall of the West
Musayyib
Mussian, excavations at
painted pottery from
Mycenaean epoch
Myres, Prof. J. L.
Mythological beings

Nabataeans
Nabonidus
Naga-ed-Dêr
Nagidda, patesi of Adamdun
Nahr Hindîya
Nakâda
Naksu
Nalua-stone
Namazua
Names, symbolical
Nammakhni, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Nanâ
Nannar, Moon-god of Ur
Nannar-gugal Canal
Narâm-Sin, king of Akkad, reign of
buildings of
date of
successors of
dress of
his Stele of Victory
the Pir Hussein Stele
Omens of
titles of
deification of
in chronological table
Narmer
Naruti
Natik Effendi
Naturalistic treatment, in Sumerian design
in early Semitic sculpture
Naville, Prof. E.
Nebuchadnezzar II.
Nekhune
Neo-Anzanite texts
Neolithic period, in Babylonia
remains of, at Nineveh
at Susa
at Mussian
at Anau
in Egypt
in Aegean and Mediterranean areas
in Northern Greece
wares of the
Nergal
Nets, of the gods
New Moon, Feast of the
Newberry, P. E.
Nidaba
Niebuhr, Carl
Niffer, site of Nippur
excavations at
votive inscriptions from
dated tablets from
contracted burials at
_see also_ Nippur
Nin-azag-nun
Nin-Isin
Ninâ, goddess
Ninâ, division of Lagash
Ninab, possible reading of the name Ninni-esh
Ninabukhadu
Ninagal
Nindar
Nindub
Nineveh
Neolithic settlement at
Ningal
Ningandu, wife of Nammakhni
Ningirsu
temple of
laws of
emblem of
representations of
Ningirsu-ushumgal Canal
Ningishzida, Gudea's patron deity
monsters of
temple of
representation of
Ninib
Ninkagina
Ninkharsag
temple of
Marsh of
Ninki
Ninlil
Ninmakh
Ninmar
Ninni
her temple at Erech
her temples at Lagash
her temple at Ninni-esh
representations of
Ninni-esh
Ninsar
Ninshakh, Urukagina's patron deity
Nintud
Niphates
Nippur, site of
excavations at
early Babylonian plan of
plan of the inner city at
character and history of
buildings at
objects and inscriptions from
_see also_ Niffer
Noeldeke, A.
North Africa
Northern Babylonia, Semitic immigration into
_see also_ Akkad
Northern China
Northern Greece, prehistoric pottery from
Northern Syria
Nubia
Nudubtum, seal of
Nuffar; _see_ Niffer
Numeration, systems of
Nusku
Nutugmushda

Oannes
Oaths, ratification of
Obelisk, of Manishtusu
description of
names from
Obsidian implements, from Kuyunjik
Offerings, votive
funerary
Officials
orders for supplies for
Ohnefalsch-Richter, M. H.
Oil, divination by
for embalming
Omen-texts, historical traditions in
Omens, of Sargon and Narâm-Sin
consultation of the
Opis, site of
history of
Oppert, Jules
Overseers, of landed property

Painting, of the body
Palace-chamberlain
Palace Tell, at Tello
Palaeoliths
Palaikastro
Palermo Stele
Palettes, early Egyptian
Pamirs
Parthian fortress
palace
Patesi, signification of the title
in relation to the city-god
decrease in influence of
Patron deities
on cylinder-seals
Perforated plaques
Perquisites, of the priesthood
Perrot, G.
Persia
Persian Gulf
Petrie, Prof. W. M. Flinders
Petticoat, Sumerian
Phaestos
disk from
Pictographs, Minoan
Pictorial writing, systems of
Picture characters
Pilasters
Pinches, T. G.
Pir Hussein
Plaid, Semitic
Plans, Babylonian
Plane-trees
Plano-convex bricks
Plaster
Plating, with copper
Poebel, A.
Population, transference of.
Post-Sargonic, use of term
Pot-burials
Pottery, Sumerian
Elamite
Cappadocian
Egyptian
Prayer, of dedication
Predynastic Egyptians
Prehistoric period, in Babylonia
in Elam
in Egypt
Pre-Sargonic, use of term
Presents, accompanying a sale of land
Price, Prof. Ira M.
Prices, regulation of
Priesthood, power of the Sumerian
exactions of the
Proto-Elamite, system of writing
Ptolemaic Canon
Pukhia, king of Khurshitu
Pumpelly, Raphael
expeditions of
Punt
Pûr-Sagale
Pûr-Sin; _see_ Bûr-Sin
Purification, rites of

Racial types
Radau, Hugo
Ranke, H.
Rassam, H.
Rawlinson, Sir H. C.
Red Sea
Reed, of Enki
Reeds, huts of; roofs of
Reisner, G. A.
Reservoirs
Revenue, farming of the
Revolts, against Manishtusu
against Sargon
Rhodes
Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von
Rîm-Sin, king of Larsa
Rimush, probable reading of the name Urumush
Ringed staff, as emblem
Rîsh-Adad, king of Apirak
Ritual, Sumerian
Rogers, Prof. R. W.
Romans
Rule, architect's
Russian Turkestan

Sab-Dagan
Sabu, in Elam
Sacrifice
Sagantug
Sa'îd Muhammad
Sakjegeuzi, potsherds from
Sakli
Sale, deeds of
Samarra
Samâwa
Samsu-iluna
Samsun
Sand-dunes, origin of
Sandals, introduction of
Sangu-priest
Sarcophagus-burials
Sargon of Agade
historical character of
his identification with Shar-Gani-sharri
age of
Legend of
Omens of
Chronicle of
"sons of the palace" of
Sargonids
Sassanian period
Satuni, king of Lulubu
Sayce, Prof. A. H.
Schäfer, Heinrich
Scheil, Père V.
Schmidt, Dr. Hubert
Schnabel, P.
Schrader, Eberhard
Sculpture, Sumerian
early Semitic
Elamite
Egyptian, Sea, of the West
Sea-country
Seal-cutting
Seal-impressions, proto-Elamite
Seal-stones, Cretan
Sealings
Sebene Su
Seistan
Seleucia
Semiramis
Semites, racial characteristics of
immigrations of
cause of Semitic migrations
domination of
influence of
sculpture of
hypothetical Egyptian invasion of
Semitisms
Senkera, site of Larsa
excavations at
inscriptions from
Sennacherib
Ser-i-Pul-i-Zohab
Serpents, in Sumerian art
Shabara
Shad-Bitkim, Field of
Shagarakti-Buriash
Shagpada
Shagshag, wife of Urukagina
Shakanshabar
Shakh, conquest of
Shakh, royal steward
Shakh-Bau
Shamash
Shar-Gani-sharri, king of Akkad, reign of
his identification with Saigon
conquests of
in relation to Cyprus
administrative system of
empire of
buildings of
mace-head of
stele of victory possibly his
name of
deification of
date of
in chronological table
Sharlak. king of Kutû
Sharru-Gi, king of Kish
Stele of
name of
son of
date of
in chronological table
Sharru-Gi-ili
Sharru-uktn
Shashru
Shatra
Shatt 'Ateshân
Shatt el-'Arab
Shatt el-Farakhna
Shatt el-Hai
Shatt el-Kâr
Shatt en-Nîl
Shaving, Sumerian practice of
Shêkh Bedr
Shell, Sumerian use of
Shemsu-Hor
Shid-tab
Shields, Sumerian
Shilkhak-In-Shushinak
Shilkhakha, sukkal of Elam
Shimash
Shimbi-ishkhuk
Ships
Shirpurla, Lagash; see Lagash
Shirukdu', Shirukdukh, sukkal of Elam
Shrines, local
Shumerû
Shumu-abi
Shunet ez-Zebîb
Shurippak
Shuruppak, site of
excavations at
destruction of
god of
inscriptions from
_see also_ Fâra
Shushinak
Shutruk-Nakhkhunte
Sigbirra
Sigiresh
Silver, engraving upon
as standard of exchange
from the mountains
Simanu
Simash
Simashgi
Simebalar-khuppak, sukkal of Elam
Simuru
Sin; _see also_ Nannar
Sin-idinnam
Sin-ikisha, king of Isin
in chronological table
Sin-magir, king of Isin
in chronological table
Sin-muballit
Sinai
Sinaitic peninsula
Sippar, site of
excavations at
history of
_see also_ Abû Habba Siri
Siu
Skins, clothing of
Skulls, measurement of
Slate-carvings, Egyptian
Slavery
Slaves, public
sacred
foreign
recruiting of
Smith, Dr. Elliot
Smith, George
Sneferu
Somaliland
Sorcerers
Southern Arabia
Spear, or lance, Sumerian use of
Spouting vase, symbol of the
Stamps, for reliefs
Standards, carried in battle
of a goddess
Statues, Sumerian
early Semitic
of Manishtusu
of Ur-Bau
of Gudea
symbolical names for
offerings to
significance of
Stein, M. Aurel
Stelæ, of delimitation
of victory
Stewards
Stilus
Stone, rare in Sumer
Egyptian vessels of
Storehouses
Storm-god, West Semitic
Strong drink, fees of
Su-people
Subartu
Sûk el-'Afej
Sukkal-makh, title
Sukkallu, significance of title
Sumer, limits of
names for
inhabitants of
system of land tenure in
Sumerian civilization, age of
achievements of
influence of
Sumerian reaction, under the kings of Ur
"Sumerian controversy"
Sumerians, racial characteristics of
racial affinity of
female types of
position of women among
original home of
earliest settlements of
their weapons and method of fighting
close of political career of
Sumu-abu
Sumu-ilu, king of Ur
in chronological table
Sun-god, temples of
laws of
_see also_ Babbar, Shamash
Sun-worship, Babylonian centres of
Egyptian
Sunanam
Surghul
excavations at
Susa, excavations at
first settlement at
earliest form of burial at
"second period" at
objects from
early patesis of
native Elamite rulers of
history of
Symbolism, in writing
Synchronisms
Syria
coast of
Northern
Syro-Arabian desert
Syro-Cappadocian cylinder-seals
pottery

Tablets
from Tello
Taklamakan Desert
Tarim basin
Taurus
Tax-gatherers
Taylor, Col. J. E.
Tell, of the Tablets
"de la Maison des Fruits"
Tell Ibrâhîm, site of Cutha
Tell 'Îd
Tell Lahm
Tell Manjûr
Tell Sifr
Tello, site of Lagash
excavations at
plan of
remains of buildings at
objects from
Temple-accounts
Temple-towers
Temples, early Sumerian
buildings attached to
enclosure of a
Temti-agun, sukkal of Susa
Temti-khalki, sukkal of Elam
Tepe Mussian; _see_ Mussian
Terra-cotta, stamped figures of
Testing-house, for weights
Theft, laws against
Thessaly
Thinis
This
Thompson, R. Campbell
Thompson, M. S.
Throwing-stick
Thumb-marks, on bricks
Thureau-Dangin, F., researches of
referred to
Tidanu
Tidnu
Tig-abba
Tigris
changes in channel of
contrasted with Euphrates
period of high water in
upper reaches of
Timat-Enlil
Time-reckoning
_see also_ Dating
Tin, as an alloy
Tirash
Tithes
Toscanne, P.
Trade-routes
Transcaspia
Treaties
Tribute, in grain
Tukîn-khatti-migrisha
Tupliash; _see_ Ashnunnak
Turkestan
Tutu
Tuz-Khurmati

Ubara
Ubil-Ishtar, an Akkadian prince
Ug-edin Canal
Ug-me, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ugigga, battle of
Ukush, patesi of Umma
in chronological table
Ullu
Umanu
Umma, site of, reading of name of,
history of
destruction of
_see also_ Jôkha
Underworld, 149
Ungnad, Prof. A.
Upper Egypt
Upper Sea, the Mediterranean
Ur, site of
excavations at
as cult-centre
earlier history of
Dynasty of
Sumerian reaction under kings of
deification of kings of
downfall of the Dynasty of
later history of
_see also_ Mukayyar
Ur-abba, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-Babbar, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-baga
Ur-Bau, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-Bau, son of Bûr-Sin I.
Ur-Dunpae
Ur-E, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-Engur, king of Ur
reign of
buildings of
architectural development under
deification of
in chronological table
Ur-Enlil, patesi of Nippur
Ur-gar, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-gigir, patesi of Adamdun
Ur-ilim, patesi of Susa
Ur-Khumma, possible reading of the name Urlumma
Ur-Lama I., patesi of Lagash
cult of
in chronological table
Ur-Lama II., patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-mama, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-nabbad, patesi of Nippur
Ur-nesu, patesi of Umma
in chronological table
Ur-Ninâ, king of Lagash, reign of
date of
store-house of
bas-reliefs of
close of dynasty of
offerings to statue of
in chronological table
Ur-Ningirsu, patesi of Lagash, reign of
his relations to the Dynasty of Ur
engraved shell of
in chronological table
Ur-Ningirsu, priest of Ninâ, probably to be identified
with the patesi
Ur-Ningislizida, patesi of Ashnunnak
Ur-Ninib, king of Isin
in chronological table
Ur-Ninpa
Ur-Ninsun, patesi of Lagash
in chronological table
Ur-Pasag, patesi of Dungi-Babbar
Ura-imitti, king of Isin
in chronological table
Urbillu
Uri-zi
Urkarinnu-wood
Urkium, patesi of Susa
Urlumma, patesi of Umma
in chronological table
Urmi, Lake
Urnuntaea
Urri
Ursu
Ur tar
Uru, a division of Lagash
Uru-azagga, a division of Lagash
temples in, 259, 264; fortification of
Urukagina, king of Lagash, reign of
date of
reforms of
buildings of
family of
fate of
predecessors of
records from inscribed plaque of
in chronological table
Urukagina, son of Engilsa
Urukagina, father of Abba-dugga
Urumush, or Rimush, king of Kish, reign of
fate of
period of
in chronological table
Urzage, king of Kish
in chronological table
Ush, patesi of Umma
in chronological table
Ushu-wood
Ut-napishtim
Utug, patesi of Kish
in chronological table
Uzargarshana

Van, Lake
Vases, votive
for libations
for body-paint
Vegetable motives, on Elamite painted pottery
Visions; _see_ Dreams
Vultures, Stele of the, description of
referred to
origin of popular name of

Wage, A. J. B.
Wâdi Hammamât
Ward, W. Hayes
Warka, site of Erech
excavations at
plan of
bricks from
contracted burials at
Water, for libation
Wax writing-tablet, origin of
Weapons
Sumerian
Semitic
Weights
Weissbach, Prof. F. H.
Well, of Eannatum
West, Sea of the
Wall of the
extent of Babylonian influence in the
Western Asia, 3; early ceramics of
Western Semites, origin of the
their destruction of Sumerian towns
invasions of
Wheat, cultivation of
original home of
in earliest stratum at Anau
Wigs, Sumerian
Wine, fees of
Winckler, Prof. Hugo
Wind-erosion, effects of
Wizards
Women, position and rights of
clothing of
Sumerian statuettes of
Woolley, C. L.
Worship, scenes of
Writing, invention of cuneiform
Elamite forms of
origin of Egyptian system of
Hittite; Minoan
Wuswas

Yâkût
Yotkan
Yurung-kash

Zâb, Lower
Zabalu-wood
Zabshali
Zagros mountains
pass
Zakhara
Zakro, sealings from
Zamama
temple of
Zambia, king of Isin
in chronological table
Zarik, patesi of Susa
Zarzari
Zaula
Ziggurat, institution of the
at Nippur
of Gudea
Zimanak, Field of
Zimmern, Prof. Heinrich
Zuzu, king of Opis
in chronological table